Intelligent Vehicle Initiative 2002 Annual Report: Saving Lives Through Advanced Vehicle Safety Technology

Resendes, Raymond; Martin, Karen Haas · 2003 · ROSA P / United States. Joint Program Office for Intelligent Transportation Systems

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Summary

The Intelligent Vehicle Initiative (IVI) 2002 Annual Report details the progress of a U.S. Department of Transportation program authorized by the 1998 Transportation Efficiency Act for the 21st Century. The initiative addresses the critical public health issue of highway crashes, which caused over 42,000 deaths and cost society more than $230 billion annually. Recognizing that driver error contributes to over 90 percent of crashes, the IVI shifted focus from crash mitigation to crash prevention. The program aims to reduce crash frequency and severity by developing driver assistance technologies that provide information, warnings, or partial vehicle control. The IVI targets three driving conditions: normal conditions (preventing distraction from in-vehicle systems), degraded conditions (such as poor visibility or fatigue), and imminent crash situations. The program operates through public-private partnerships involving original equipment manufacturers, suppliers, and government agencies, with partners contributing over $40 million. Research is organized across four vehicle platforms: light, commercial, transit, and specialty vehicles. In 2002, the IVI advanced several key projects. For light vehicles, the Crash Avoidance Metrics Partnership (CAMP) developed metrics for driver workload and explored enhanced digital maps and vehicle safety communications using Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC). General Motors initiated a field operational test (FOT) of forward collision warning and adaptive cruise control systems in passenger cars. For commercial vehicles, Freightliner successfully completed an FOT of a Rollover Stability Advisory and Controller system, which was subsequently launched commercially. Volvo Trucks and US Xpress field-tested a rear-end collision warning system with adaptive cruise control. Transit vehicle research included FOTs for frontal and side collision warning systems, with 70 percent of participating bus drivers responding favorably to the technology. Significant human factors research was conducted to ensure new technologies do not increase driver distraction. The Virginia Tech Transportation Institute launched the largest naturalistic driving study ever attempted, instrumenting over 100 vehicles to analyze driver reactions to competing attention demands. Additionally, a pilot test for commercial vehicle driver fatigue management combined eyelid monitoring, sleep history devices, and steering assist systems. Vision enhancement technologies, including Head-Up Displays and Driver Assist Systems for snowplows, were field-tested to improve performance in low-visibility conditions. The report concludes that the IVI is accelerating the deployment of safety technologies that were previously in development. Systems tested in earlier phases, such as the Freightliner rollover stability system and adaptive braking for heavy trucks, have reached the market. The initiative projects that rear-end and road departure avoidance systems for light vehicles will become commercially available within two to three years. Furthermore, the approval of the 5.9 GHz band for DSRC facilitates the development of cooperative vehicle-highway systems, such as intersection collision warning, which integrate vehicle and infrastructure data to further enhance safety.

Key finding

The report serves as an administrative overview of program funding, partnerships, and ongoing research projects rather than a presentation of completed experimental results.

Methodology

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• Applied Guidance: design guidelines
• Empirical Findings: crash risk outcomes
• Methodological Resource: dataset resource