Sharing Data between Mobile Devices, Connected Vehicles and Infrastructure Task 4 / Task 10 : System Architecture and Design Document (SA/DD).

Valentine, David; Boyapati, Rama Krishna; Paselsky, Ben; Baumgardner, Greg; Hailemariam, Margaret; Burns, Matthew; Guspan, Kristina; Nallamothu, Sudhakar; Rosenbohm, Joerg · 2017 · ROSA P / United States. Department of Transportation. Intelligent Transportation Systems Joint Program Office

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Summary

This document presents the System Architecture and Design (SA/DD) for an Experimental Prototype System (EPS) developed by Battelle Memorial Institute for the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Federal Highway Administration. The research addresses the integration of personal mobile devices into the connected vehicle ecosystem, aiming to enhance traveler safety and mobility while managing potential network congestion. The project was motivated by the widespread adoption of smartphones and the need to understand how mobile devices equipped with Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) interact with vehicles and infrastructure. The primary objectives were to evaluate the benefits and issues of transmitting safety and mobility messages from handheld devices, develop message modifications that complement existing vehicle standards, and demonstrate coordination mechanisms for groups of travelers. The EPS architecture comprises four main components: mobile devices, in-vehicle devices, roadside receivers, and cloud infrastructure. The system utilizes a multi-modal communication strategy involving DSRC, Bluetooth, Cellular, and Wi-Fi Direct. DSRC is reserved for low-latency safety applications, specifically for broadcasting Personal Safety Messages (PSM) and Personal Mobility Messages (PMM). PSMs, patterned after vehicle Basic Safety Messages, broadcast a pedestrian’s location and status to alert nearby vehicles. To reduce DSRC channel congestion, the system employs Wi-Fi Direct or cloud-based alternatives for local coordination, allowing travelers to form ad-hoc groups where a single "leader" device transmits consolidated ride requests (PMMs) to vehicles or infrastructure. The design incorporates specific software applications for Android smartphones, vehicle plugins, and roadside units, alongside cloud services hosted on Microsoft Azure. The architecture was refined based on lessons learned from a prior proof-of-concept test and adapted for field tests involving both taxi and transit vehicle modes. The document details the logical and physical decomposition of the system, defining internal and external interfaces and specific message protocols. It establishes that PSMs include a status field to indicate whether a pedestrian is in a safe or unsafe zone, aiding driver awareness. The coordination logic allows for the consolidation of messages from multiple travelers sharing a destination, thereby reducing the burden on the DSRC network. The design also addresses critical concerns such as security, protection of personally identifiable information, and power management. The EPS is explicitly defined as a research prototype intended for controlled demonstrations rather than immediate wide-scale deployment, serving as a blueprint to test the effectiveness of coordinating mobile device messaging with connected vehicle infrastructure. The significance of this work lies in its contribution to the broader connected vehicle landscape by introducing the "connected person" dimension. By demonstrating methods to coordinate safety and mobility messaging between pedestrians, vehicles, and infrastructure, the project provides insights into reducing network congestion and improving the user experience for vulnerable road users. The findings support the development of standards and applications that leverage multiple communication technologies to enhance traffic management and traveler safety, offering a foundational model for future integration of mobile devices into intelligent transportation systems.

Key finding

The EPS architecture defines a system structure using DSRC, cellular, Wi-Fi Direct, and Bluetooth to coordinate Personal Safety and Mobility Messages between mobile devices, vehicles, and infrastructure to enhance safety and reduce communication congestion.

Methodology

modeling

Provenance

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• v2x connected vehicle