Connected Vehicle Application Development
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Summary
This report details the expansion of the California Connected Vehicle (CV) Test Bed and the development of associated CV applications, conducted by the California Partners for Advanced Transportation Technology (PATH) for the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). The project aimed to meet national deployment challenges, specifically the Signal Phase and Timing (SPaT) Deployment Challenge, and to establish technological foundations for CV deployment in California. The work involved expanding the test bed infrastructure along El Camino Real in Palo Alto, developing specific software applications, and conducting field tests to demonstrate safety and mobility improvements. The test bed expansion occurred in two phases. Phase One added five Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) intersections to the existing eleven, bringing the total to sixteen operational DSRC intersections by November 2019. This involved installing Roadside Units (RSUs), upgrading traffic signal controllers, and configuring APIs for message broadcasting. Phase Two added fifteen Cellular V2X (C-V2X) intersections, completed by December 2021, pending Federal Communications Commission licenses. Additionally, NoTraffic sensors, which combine radar and image sensors for AI-powered detection of vehicles, pedestrians, and cyclists, were installed at four intersections. Several CV applications were developed and tested. PATH successfully hosted Multi-Modal Intelligent Traffic Signal System (MMITSS) applications on a 2070-1C CPU processor, enabling direct communication with traffic controllers for SPaT broadcasts, map data, and signal actuation. A cloud-based V2X communications system was created to support applications using 4G LTE backhaul, demonstrating that SPaT latency remained under 100 milliseconds for over 95% of transmissions. A virtual platform was also developed to simulate vehicle trajectories for testing cloud-based applications without impacting live traffic. Other developments included a cloud-based Transit Signal Priority (TSP) application and a standalone SPaT application. Field tests demonstrated various safety warnings, including mid-block pedestrian crosswalk alerts, lane closure warnings, reduced speed alerts, and merge ahead warnings. A CV-based TSP application was demonstrated to the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA). However, the broadcast of Basic Safety Messages (BSM) and Personal Safety Messages (PSM) generated from NoTraffic sensor data was disabled after testing due to the need for further evaluation of detection accuracy against ground truth. The report concludes with recommendations for optimizing the use of the test bed and PATH’s CAV laboratory, and identifies applications that can be rapidly deployed to improve safety and mobility.
Key finding
The project successfully expanded the test bed infrastructure and demonstrated the feasibility of various connected vehicle applications, including cloud-based transit signal priority and infrastructure-generated safety warnings, through field tests in the El Camino Real test environment.
Methodology
field_study
Provenance
The full processing record for this entry. Every stage of this paper's journey through the pipeline is logged — what ran, with which tool and model, how many attempts it took, and when it last completed. Discovered via bulk_ingest_rosap on 2026-05-23 (6 acquisition events logged).
| Stage | Outcome | Tool | Model | Prompt | Attempts | Completed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| discover | success | rosap | — | — | 2 | 2026-05-23 |
| archive | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-05-23 |
| extract | success | cached | — | — | 2 | 2026-06-10 |
| clean | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-01 |
| chunk | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-01 |
| embed | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-02 |
| enrich | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-05-23 |
| promote | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-05-23 |
| summarize | success | llm | qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant | summ-v5 | 3 | 2026-06-10 |
| tag | success | vector_similarity | — | — | 19 | 2026-06-11 |
| verify | success | — | — | — | 2 | 2026-06-10 |
Summary generated by qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant on 2026-06-10; verification: verified.
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- Methodological Resource: tool software