New models of road transport system

Yedilbayev, Bauyrzhan; Kozhamkulova, Zhanna; Abdikul, Shinar; Tulebayeva, Nazym · 2019 · Crossref

DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/201913502011

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Summary

This paper introduces the concept of City Transport-Road Ecology (CTRE), addressing the insufficient study of how road networks and motor transport impact urban environments, particularly in Kazakhstan. The authors identify a gap in existing literature, noting that while transport ecology exists, it often fails to integrate the mutual influence of vehicle emissions and street road network (SRN) infrastructure on residential areas. The research is motivated by the fact that motor transport constitutes 70–95% of air pollution sources in large regional centers, yet the distribution of exhaust gases within residential quarters and the interaction between traffic infrastructure and environmental parameters remain poorly understood. The study employs a theoretical and analytical approach, synthesizing concepts from town-planning ecology, engineering ecology, and aerodynamics. It defines cities as complex habitats comprising natural subsystems (atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere) and anthropogenous subsystems (production, infrastructure). The authors analyze the life cycle of transport systems, from resource extraction to operation, and classify settlements based on population density and ecological characteristics. Key methodologies include the assessment of resource consumption versus reproduction capabilities in urban ecosystems and the categorization of roads and streets based on traffic intensity and administrative importance. The paper establishes CTRE as a distinct discipline focused on the operational phase of motor transport and its specific impact on the air basin of residential areas. The findings characterize cities as dynamically functioning, heat-sink, dependent, and non-equilibrium ecosystems that rely heavily on external resources. For instance, a city with one million inhabitants requires approximately 8–11 million hectares of territory to cover its resource deficiencies, highlighting the massive ecological footprint of urbanization. The paper details how motor vehicles negatively impact all biosphere components through emissions of harmful gases, hydrocarbons, and noise. It identifies that zones with maximum concentration limits for nitrogen dioxide and carbon oxide cover up to 90% of urban areas, including residential and public complexes. The study also outlines the specific environmental impacts of road construction, such as land alienation (2–7 hectares per kilometer of highway), deforestation, and hydraulic engineering changes, which alter local natural resources and terrain. The significance of this work lies in the formalization of CTRE as a new scientific branch that integrates urban planning, transport engineering, and ecology. By providing definitions, classifications, and standard data for street and road categories, the paper offers a framework for assessing the ecological stability of urban development. It emphasizes that achieving an ecologically optimum compromise requires understanding the interrelation between traffic infrastructure and pollutant dispersion. This approach aims to improve the environmental friendliness of cities by moving beyond factual, isolated assessments of pollution to a systemic analysis of how transport systems interact with the urban habitat, thereby informing better planning and management strategies for sustainable urban development.

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