Relationship Between Driving Habits and Health-Related Quality of Life: AAA LongROAD Study

AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety; Hill, Linda L. · 2019 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety

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Summary

This research brief examines the association between driving habits and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among older adults, utilizing data from the AAA Longitudinal Research on Aging Drivers (LongROAD) study. The study addresses the critical need to understand how mobility patterns influence the mental, social, and physical well-being of aging populations. By identifying specific driving behaviors linked to declines in HRQOL, the research aims to inform future intervention programs that can prolong safe driving practices and maintain long-term mobility for older drivers. The study employed a prospective, multisite cohort design involving 2,990 drivers aged 65–79 from five U.S. locations. Participants were required to hold a valid license, drive at least weekly, and exhibit no significant cognitive impairment. Researchers analyzed three specific driving habits: low mileage (defined as fewer than 3,000 kilometers annually, measured via GPS and accelerometer), self-reported driving space (geographic range of travel), and crash involvement. HRQOL was assessed using the NIH Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS-29), which evaluates eight domains including depression, anxiety, fatigue, sleep disturbance, pain interference, pain intensity, physical functioning, and social participation. Multiple linear regression models were used to calculate adjusted means for these outcomes, controlling for confounders such as age, gender, education, marital status, and driving importance. The results revealed significant associations between reduced driving activity and poorer health outcomes. Specifically, low-mileage drivers reported significantly higher levels of fatigue and lower physical functioning compared to high-mileage drivers. Similarly, participants with restricted driving space exhibited higher depression scores and worse physical functioning than those who drove farther distances. Additionally, drivers who reported one or more crashes had significantly higher scores for pain intensity and pain interference compared to those with no crashes. While other domains showed trends, only the relationships involving fatigue, physical functioning, and low mileage or driving space were deemed both statistically significant and clinically meaningful. The findings underscore that driving habits are closely linked to physical health and mental well-being in older adults. The study concludes that older drivers who reduce their mileage or geographic range are more likely to experience increased fatigue and decreased physical capability. These insights suggest that early identification of fatigue and poor physical functioning could serve as markers for driving decline, prompting timely interventions. The authors note limitations regarding the self-reported nature of driving space and crash data, as well as the cross-sectional baseline analysis which prevents causal determination. Future longitudinal analysis of the LongROAD data is planned to investigate whether driving cessation directly leads to a decline in HRQOL.

Key finding

Among older LongROAD drivers, low annual mileage (<3,000 km/year) was associated with higher fatigue and lower physical functioning—the only driving habit–HRQOL associations that were both statistically significant and clinically meaningful—while reduced driving space and crash involvement showed additional significant links to depression, physical function, and pain domains.

Methodology

mixed_methods

Sample size: 2990

Provenance

The full processing record for this entry. Every stage of this paper's journey through the pipeline is logged — what ran, with which tool and model, how many attempts it took, and when it last completed. Discovered via bulk_ingest_aaa_foundation on 2026-05-23 (6 acquisition events logged).

StageOutcomeToolModelPromptAttemptsCompleted
discover success author_sweep 3 2026-05-28
archive success 1 2026-05-23
extract success cached 2 2026-06-10
clean success 1 2026-06-01
chunk success 1 2026-06-01
embed success 1 2026-06-02
enrich success 1 2026-05-23
promote success 1 2026-05-23
summarize success llm qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant summ-v5 2 2026-06-10
tag success vector_similarity 19 2026-06-11
verify success 2 2026-06-10

Summary generated by qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant on 2026-06-10; verification: verified.

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