Online Driver Education in the United States: Access, Perceptions, and Participation
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Abstract
This project will generate actionable insights to inform policy and practice through three key tasks. A literature review will be conducted on the effectiveness of online versus traditional in-person driver education in terms of learning outcomes, knowledge retention, and skill acquisition across different learning modalities. Two national surveys will be conducted—one of teens and aged 15–19 and one of parents of 15-19-year-olds—to assess motivations for choosing online, hybrid, or in-person driver education, as well as perceived learning outcomes and satisfaction. A secondary analysis of 2023 California DMV data from older novice drivers (aged 18–24) will extend findings to those delaying licensure. In the third task, state regulations related to online driver education and engage state administrators to collect information on enrollment, delivery modality, and demographic participation patterns. © 2026 AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety | AAAFoundation.org Project Team Johns Hopkins University Johnathon Ehsani, PhD (Principal Investigator) AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety Lindsay Arnold (Project Manager) Period of Performance Q2 2026 – Q4 2027
Provenance
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| Stage | Outcome | Tool | Model | Prompt | Attempts | Completed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| discover | success | AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-20 |
| archive | success | canonical_url | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
| extract | success | cached | — | — | 87 | 2026-07-02 |
| clean | success | clean | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
| chunk | success | chunk | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
| embed | success | embed | Qwen/Qwen3-Embedding-8B | — | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
| enrich | skipped | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
| promote | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-20 |
| summarize | skipped | llm | qwen3.6-27b-nvidia | summ-v5 | 86 | 2026-07-02 |
| tag | success | vector_similarity | — | — | 11 | 2026-06-26 |
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- Applied Guidance: countermeasure evaluation
- Empirical Findings: observational prevalence