Deployment of a Preemption Based Motion Sickness Prevention Technology on a Testbed Vehicle in Mcity

Awtar, Shorya · 2023 · ROSA P / University of Michigan. Center for Connected and Automated Transportation

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Summary

This research addresses the critical challenge of motion sickness in autonomous vehicles (AVs), where all occupants are passive passengers lacking the anticipatory control that drivers use to mitigate discomfort. The study was motivated by the high incidence of motion sickness among passengers, which is exacerbated by sensory conflict and inertial forces during acceleration, braking, and turning. As AV adoption increases, this issue threatens passenger comfort and productivity. The project aimed to develop and validate a mitigation strategy using preemptive haptic stimuli to alert passengers of impending motion events, allowing them to adjust their posture proactively. To test this hypothesis, the researchers developed a fully instrumented vehicle testbed using a modified 2018 Dodge ProMaster Cargo Van. The vehicle was retrofitted with an active seat containing embedded vibrotactile motors, extensive instrumentation for measuring vehicle and passenger states, and an on-board computer system. Passenger states were monitored using head and torso IMUs, an Empatica E4 wristband for physiological data, and gaze tracking. The experimental design utilized a specific driving path in the Mcity test track, emulating naturalistic urban and highway conditions with defined inertial events such as stops and turns. A real-time triggering scheme used GPS data to actuate the haptic motors preemptively before these events occurred. An IRB-approved protocol guided the human subject testing. A pilot study was conducted with six healthy adult participants, categorized by self-reported motion sickness susceptibility. Participants experienced the drive path under three conditions: with haptic stimuli and no tasks, without stimuli while performing productive tasks, and with stimuli while performing tasks. Motion sickness was self-reported on a 0–10 scale every 90 seconds. The results indicated that motion sickness accumulation was highest when haptic stimuli were off and tasks were performed. Conversely, the rate of sickness accumulation was lowest when haptic stimuli were active, even when participants were engaged in productive tasks. Qualitative feedback confirmed that participants found the haptic stimuli informative and comfortable, with no reported annoyance. The findings demonstrate that preemptive haptic stimuli can significantly reduce motion sickness accumulation in a realistic driving environment, supporting the hypothesis that anticipatory awareness helps passengers mimic the protective postural adjustments of drivers. The study concludes that this low-cost, low-complexity technology has potential for industrial adoption to improve AV acceptance. The project also contributed to the field through publications, patent applications, and the development of a reusable experimental testbed and testing protocols for future human factors research in transportation.

Key finding

Preemptive haptic stimuli delivered via an active seat significantly reduced the accumulation of motion sickness in vehicle passengers compared to conditions without such stimuli.

Methodology

field_study

Sample size: 6

Provenance

The full processing record for this entry. Every stage of this paper's journey through the pipeline is logged — what ran, with which tool and model, how many attempts it took, and when it last completed. Discovered via bulk_ingest_rosap on 2026-05-23 (6 acquisition events logged).

StageOutcomeToolModelPromptAttemptsCompleted
discover success rosap 2 2026-05-23
archive success 1 2026-05-23
extract success cached 2 2026-06-10
clean success 1 2026-06-01
chunk success 1 2026-06-01
embed success 1 2026-06-02
enrich success 1 2026-05-23
promote success 1 2026-05-23
summarize success llm qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant summ-v5 3 2026-06-10
tag success vector_similarity 24 2026-06-11
verify success 2 2026-06-10

Summary generated by qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant on 2026-06-10; verification: verified.

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