Effects of within-day intervals on adaptation to visually induced motion sickness in a virtual-reality motorcycling simulator
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71526-9
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Summary
This study investigates the optimal time interval between virtual reality (VR) sessions to facilitate adaptation to visually induced motion sickness (VIMS). While previous research established that intervals of one day or longer reduce VIMS susceptibility through multisensory learning, the effects of shorter, within-day intervals remained unclear. The authors aimed to determine the minimum resting period required after subjective symptom recovery to prevent aggravation and induce adaptation during repeated exposure to nauseating VR stimuli. The experiment involved 60 healthy university students divided into three groups, each experiencing two 6-minute VR sessions of a first-person motorcycle ride. The groups differed by the interval between sessions: a fixed 6-minute interval, a "personalised" interval where the second session began immediately after VIMS scores reached zero, and a fixed 60-minute interval. Participants reported VIMS severity using the Fast Motion Sickness (FMS) scale. Statistical analysis employed linear mixed-effects models to compare FMS scores across sessions and groups, controlling for individual motion sickness susceptibility. Results indicated that the interval duration significantly influenced VIMS outcomes. In the 6-minute interval group, VIMS symptoms aggravated in the second session compared to the first. In the personalised interval group, where participants rested only until subjective symptoms vanished, VIMS levels remained unchanged between sessions, indicating no adaptation occurred. Conversely, the 60-minute interval group showed significant attenuation of VIMS in the second session. Furthermore, in the 60-minute group, the time required to reach zero FMS was negatively correlated with the degree of adaptation, suggesting that longer recovery times facilitated greater symptom reduction. The findings demonstrate that subjective recovery from VIMS is insufficient for adaptation; additional resting time is necessary for multisensory learning and memory consolidation to occur. The study concludes that a minimum of 20 minutes of rest after subjective symptom resolution is required to attenuate VIMS during subsequent VR exposure. This provides a practical guideline for designing VR experiences, suggesting that short intervals exacerbate sickness, while intervals allowing for post-recovery rest promote adaptation.
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| Stage | Outcome | Tool | Model | Prompt | Attempts | Completed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| discover | success | OpenAlex-citations | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-17 |
| archive | success | unpaywall | — | — | 2 | 2026-06-25 |
| extract | success | cached | — | — | 2 | 2026-06-25 |
| clean | success | clean | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-18 |
| chunk | success | chunk | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-18 |
| embed | success | embed | Qwen/Qwen3-Embedding-8B | — | 1 | 2026-06-18 |
| promote | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-17 |
| summarize | success | llm | qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant | summ-v5 | 1 | 2026-06-25 |
| tag | success | vector_similarity | — | — | 6 | 2026-06-18 |
| verify | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
Summary generated by qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant on 2026-06-25; verification: verified.
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