Testing New Solutions for Eco-Driving: Haptic Gas Pedals in Electric Vehicles
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Summary
This study evaluates the effectiveness, workload, and acceptability of haptic gas pedals combined with the Full ecoDriver System (FeDS) in electric vehicles (EVs). Motivated by the need to reduce energy consumption and mitigate "range anxiety" among EV drivers, the research investigates whether haptic feedback can facilitate eco-driving strategies without increasing cognitive workload or distracting drivers, unlike visual or auditory systems. The study specifically tests Force (FHGP) and Stiffness (SHGP) haptic gas pedals against visual feedback alone. The experiment involved 30 young, experienced drivers who completed five laps on an open-road track featuring curves, intersections, speed limit changes, and preceding vehicles. The design included a baseline lap without assistance, three experimental laps using FeDS with visual feedback, FeDS with FHGP, or FeDS with SHGP, and a final baseline lap to assess learning effects. The FeDS provided real-time guidance via a smartphone display and radar-based detection, while the haptic pedal applied resisting force or vibration to encourage pedal release. Data collected included vehicle speed before, during, and after specific events, as well as subjective measures of workload (NASA-TLX) and system acceptance (Van der Laan scale). Results indicated that efficiency benefits depended on the event type and feedback modality. For curves, the FHGP condition yielded the lowest mean speeds during and after the event, though no statistically significant differences were found across conditions for this specific scenario. The study found that haptic feedback was particularly effective for navigating roundabouts. Visual feedback from the FeDS device helped save energy and supported the learning of eco-driving strategies. Regarding workload, haptic modalities generally registered equal or lower workload values compared to visual-only FeDS, supporting the hypothesis that haptic channels process information faster and reduce cognitive load. Participants also reported higher acceptance and satisfaction with the haptic systems compared to visual-only feedback. The findings suggest that combining multiple feedback modalities, particularly haptic gas pedals, can effectively change driving behavior, reduce energy consumption, and increase safety in EVs. Haptic feedback offers a less distracting alternative to visual systems, maintaining driver engagement while promoting efficient driving. These outcomes highlight the potential of haptic interfaces in Intelligent Transport Systems to support eco-driving adoption and address the specific needs of electric vehicle operators.
Provenance
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| Stage | Outcome | Tool | Model | Prompt | Attempts | Completed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| discover | success | OpenAlex-citations | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-17 |
| archive | success | unpaywall | — | — | 2 | 2026-06-25 |
| extract | success | cached | — | — | 2 | 2026-06-25 |
| clean | success | clean | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-18 |
| chunk | success | chunk | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-18 |
| embed | success | embed | Qwen/Qwen3-Embedding-8B | — | 1 | 2026-06-18 |
| promote | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-17 |
| summarize | success | llm | qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant | summ-v5 | 1 | 2026-06-25 |
| tag | success | vector_similarity | — | — | 6 | 2026-06-18 |
| verify | partial | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
Summary generated by qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant on 2026-06-25; verification: verified_with_issues.
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