Helmet Use among Two Wheeler Female Riders
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Summary
This study investigates helmet usage and attitudes among female two-wheeler riders, specifically focusing on hospital workers in Chandigarh, India. The research was motivated by the high frequency of traffic collisions in India, which result in over 135,000 deaths annually, and the identification of non-helmet use as a major cause of injury by the World Health Organization. Given that head injuries are common among two-wheeler victims and women face unique challenges regarding traumatic brain injury, the authors aimed to assess compliance and perceptions among a population with medical exposure. The researchers employed a quantitative, non-experimental design using purposive sampling to enroll 90 female hospital workers, including nurses, attendants, and security guards, who ride two-wheelers. Data were collected via a self-prepared questionnaire and a three-point Likert scale to assess attitudes toward helmet wearing. The instrument covered demographics, riding roles (driver vs. pillion), helmet ownership, usage frequency, reasons for non-use, and perceived necessity of helmets. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 21. The results revealed a significant discrepancy between knowledge and practice. Although 93% of the participants owned a helmet, only 19% used them consistently. The majority of participants were pillion riders (46.4%) rather than drivers (33%). Age was a significant factor; 88% of regular helmet users were under 25 years old, whereas 80% of non-users were older than 25. Notably, 40% of regular drivers never wore helmets. Despite 82% of non-users acknowledging that helmets prevent head injury, they cited ignorance, discomfort, irritation, and poor visibility as reasons for non-compliance. Only 6% wore helmets due to fear of legal penalties. Attitude surveys indicated high theoretical agreement, with 89% believing helmets decrease injury chances and 87% viewing them as necessary. The study concludes that helmet use is critically low among female two-wheeler riders, even those working in healthcare environments who possess high awareness of the protective benefits. The findings suggest that education and knowledge alone are insufficient to instill consistent helmet use. The authors argue that stricter enforcement of helmet laws is required to improve compliance, as current voluntary adoption rates remain dangerously low despite widespread ownership and positive attitudes.
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| Stage | Outcome | Tool | Model | Prompt | Attempts | Completed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| discover | success | DOAJ | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-17 |
| archive | success | unpaywall | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-25 |
| extract | success | cached | — | — | 2 | 2026-06-25 |
| clean | success | clean | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-18 |
| chunk | success | chunk | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-18 |
| embed | success | embed | Qwen/Qwen3-Embedding-8B | — | 1 | 2026-06-18 |
| promote | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-17 |
| summarize | success | llm | qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant | summ-v5 | 1 | 2026-06-25 |
| tag | success | vector_similarity | — | — | 6 | 2026-06-18 |
| verify | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
Summary generated by qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant on 2026-06-25; verification: verified.
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- Empirical Findings: observational prevalence