DrivingResearch.

seat belt use

Seat belt use behavior: observed and self-reported belt wearing rates, predictors of nonuse, belt reminder systems and their effectiveness, primary and secondary enforcement effects on belt use, occupant restraint campaigns, and part-time belt users. The behavioral and usage side of adult occupant restraint, distinct from child_passenger_safety (child restraint systems) and from fatality_injury_trends (outcome statistics).

531 paper(s) · ranked by relevance to this topic

  1. Factors Related to Nonuse of Seat Belts in Michigan · 1987 · Wagenaar, A.C. et al. · archived
  2. Technical Approaches to Increase Seat Belt Use: Report to the House and Senate Committees on Appropriations · 2020 · NHTSA · archived
  3. A Study of Demographic, Situational, and Motivational Factors Affecting Restraint Usage in Automobiles · 1983 · Mayas, J. M. B. et al. · archived
  4. Enhanced Seat Belt Reminder Systems: An Observational Study Examining the Relationship with Seat Belt Use · 2021 · Polson, A. et al. · archived
  5. Encouraging Full Time Use of Safety Belts among Current Part-Time Users · 1991 · Finn, Peter, 1940- et al. · archived
  6. Increasing Seat Belt Use through State-Level Demonstration Projects: A Compendium of Initial Findings · 2008 · Blomberg, Richard D. et al. · archived
  7. Overrepresentation of Seat Belt Non-users in Traffic Crashes · 1988 · Hunter, W. W. et al. · archived
  8. The social psychology of seatbelt use. · 2010 · Gonzalez, Richard et al. · archived
  9. Seat Belt Use-Inducing System Effectiveness · 1975 · Appleby, M. R. et al. · archived
  10. Belief about seat belt use and seat belt wearing behavior among front and rear seat passengers in the United States · 2019 · Beck, Laurie F. et al. · archived
  11. 1998 Motor Vehicle Occupant Safety Survey: Volume 2: Seat Belt Report · 2000 · Block, Alan W. · archived
  12. Increasing Safety Belt Use by High Risk Drivers · 1991 · Blomberg, Richard D. et al. · archived
  13. Countermeasures That Work – Seat Belts [Traffic Tech] · 2021 · NHTSA · archived
  14. Self-reported seatbelt use, United States, 2002–2010: Does prevalence vary by state and type of seatbelt law? · 2012 · Shults, Ruth A. et al. · archived
  15. Innovative Seat Belt Demonstration Programs in Kentucky, Mississippi, North Dakota, and Wyoming · 2009 · Blomberg, Richard D. et al. · archived
  16. Effectiveness of Safety Belt Warning and Interlock Systems · 1973 · Cohen, Joel B. (Joel Benjamin) et al. · archived
  17. Effectiveness and Efficiency of Safety Belt and Child Restraint Usage Programs · 1982 · Nichols, James L. · archived
  18. Effectiveness of Safety Belt Use Laws: A Multinational Examination: Proceedings of a Workshop: Washington, DC, November 12–14, 1985 · 1985 · NHTSA · archived
  19. May 2004 Click It or Ticket Seat Belt Mobilization Evaluation: Final Report · 2007 · Solomon, M. G. (Mark Geoffrey) et al. · archived
  20. High-Visibility Enforcement and Seat Belt Use [Traffic Tech] · 2021 · NHTSA · archived
  21. Human Factors Research on Seat Belt Assurance Systems · 2020 · Bao, Shan et al. · archived
  22. A comparative policy analysis of seat belt laws : final report. · 2014 · McGehee, Daniel V. et al. · archived
  23. 2016 Motor Vehicle Occupant Safety Survey; Volume 2: Seat Belt Report · 2019 · Spado, Davia et al. · archived
  24. May 2003 Click It or Ticket Safety Belt Mobilization Evaluation · 2004 · Solomon, M. G. (Mark Geoffrey) et al. · archived
  25. 2003 Motor Vehicle Occupant Safety Survey: Volume 2: Safety Belt Report · 2003 · Boyle, John M., 1947- et al. · archived
  26. Predictors of rear seat belt use among U.S. adults, 2012 · 2015 · Bhat, Geeta et al. · archived
  27. Estimated safety belt use rates under primary and secondary enforcement statutes : final report. · 1991 · Stoke, Charles B et al. · archived
  28. Characteristics and Predictors of Occasional Seat Belt Use Using Strategic Highway Research Program 2 Data · 2020 · Richard, Christian M. et al. · archived
  29. Analyzing the First Years of the Click It or Ticket Mobilizations · 2010 · Tison, Julie et al. · archived
  30. Evaluation of the May 2005 Click It or Ticket Mobilization to Increase Seat Belt Use · 2007 · Solomon, M. G. (Mark Geoffrey) et al. · archived
  31. Evaluation of Maine’s Seat Belt Law Change from Secondary to Primary Enforcement · 2010 · Chaudhary, Neil K. et al. · archived
  32. An analysis of seatbelt use decision making among part-time users. · 2011 · Yates, J. Frank et al. · archived
  33. Psychological Constructs Related to Seat Belt Use, Volume 2: Results Report · 2020 · Sheveland, Anna C et al. · archived
  34. Effectiveness of Safety Belt Usage Laws · 1980 · Fisher, Franklin G. · archived
  35. Increasing Seat Belt Use in New York City: Evaluation of a Demonstration Project · 2009 · Ledingham, Katherine et al. · archived
  36. Evaluation of California’s Safety Belt Law Change to Primary Enforcement · 1994 · Ulmer, Robert G. et al. · archived
  37. Intelligent Seat Belt Reminders—Do They Change Driver Seat Belt Use in Europe? ↗ · 2008 · Lie, Anders et al. · indexed
  38. Selective Traffic Enforcement Program for Occupant Restraints · 1987 · Rood, Debra H. et al. · archived
  39. Safety Belt Usage Rates at High Schools and Colleges in Rhode Island: Final Report · 2004 · Berman, Daniel J. et al. · archived
  40. May 2006 Click It or Ticket Seat Belt Mobilization Evaluation: Final Report · 2008 · Tison, Julie et al. · archived
  41. Pilot Tests of a Seat Belt Gearshift Delay on the Belt Use of Commercial Fleet Drivers [Traffic Tech] · 2010 · NHTSA · archived
  42. Evaluation of the Effects of a Seat Belt Education Program among Elementary School Children in Loudoun County, Virginia · 1972 · Senk, Stanley A. et al. · archived
  43. Psychological Constructs Related to Belt Use [Traffic Tech] · 2020 · NHTSA · archived
  44. Strategies to Increase the Use of Safety Belts by Youngsters · 1989 · Klein, Nancy · archived
  45. Restraint use (seat belt and child passenger seat) survey · 2008 · Hernandez, Bruce. · archived
  46. The Use of Seat Belts in Cars with Smart Seat Belt Reminders—Results of an Observational Study ↗ · 2006 · Krafft, Maria et al. · indexed
  47. Increasing Seat Belt Use Amongst Rural Populations · 2023 · Solomon, Mark G. et al. · archived
  48. Strategies to Increase Seat Belt Use: An Analysis of Levels of Fines and the Type of Law · 2010 · Nichols, James L. et al. · archived
  49. The 2016 Motor Vehicle Occupant Safety Survey: Seat Belt Report [Traffic Tech] · 2019 · NHTSA · archived
  50. Evaluation of a High-Visibility Seat Belt Enforcement Program on the Blue Ridge Parkway · 2014 · Elliott, K. R. et al. · archived
  51. Characteristics and Conditions of Teenage Safety Belt Use · 1997 · Womack, Katie N. et al. · archived
  52. Click It or Ticket Evaluation, 2008 - 2009 · 2013 · Solomon, Mark G. et al. · archived
  53. NHTSA Region IV Click It or Ticket Campaign, May 2001 · 2002 · Solomon, M. G. (Mark Geoffrey) · archived
  54. Safety Belt Interlock System Usage Survey [1976] · 1976 · Westefeld, Albert, 1913- et al. · archived
  55. Increasing seatbelt usage rate among high school students. · 2010 · Mundorf, Norbert et al. · archived
  56. May 2004 Click It or Ticket Seat Belt Mobilization Evaluation [Traffic Safety Facts] · 2007 · NHTSA · archived
  57. Evaluation of Click It or Ticket Model Programs · 2002 · Solomon, M. G. (Mark Geoffrey) et al. · archived
  58. Exploring the Methods to Increase Seat Belt Usage in Kansas · 2007 · Zhao, Yuan · archived
  59. Safety Belt Use Laws: Evaluation of Primary Enforcement and Other Provisions · 1995 · Winnicki, John · archived
  60. An observational survey of safety belt and child safety seat use in Virginia : the 1989 update. · 1991 · Stoke, Charles B · archived
  61. Evaluation of the Washington Nighttime Seat Belt Enforcement Program · 2017 · Thomas, F. Dennis et al. · archived
  62. Child safety seat and safety belt use among urban travelers : results of the 1985 survey. · 1986 · Stoke, Charles B · archived
  63. Evaluation of Louisiana’s Safety Belt Law Change to Primary Enforcement · 1997 · Preusser, David F. · archived
  64. Development and Test of a Motivational Approach and Materials for Increasing Use of Restraints · 1982 · Schwalm, Norman D. et al. · archived
  65. Pilot Tests of a Seat Belt Gearshift Delay on the Belt Use of Commercial Fleet Drivers · 2009 · Van Houten, Ron et al. · archived
  66. Safety Belt Interlock System: Usage Survey [1975] · 1975 · Westefeld, Albert, 1913- et al. · archived
  67. Seat belt and shoulder strap use among urban travelers : interim report. · 1974 · Stoke, Charles B · archived
  68. A study of Michigan safety belt use prior to implementation of standard enforcement · 2000 · Eby, David W. et al. · archived
  69. Process and Outcome Evaluation: The Buckle Up America Initiatives · 2001 · Solomon, M. G. (Mark Geoffrey) et al. · archived
  70. The Click It or Ticket evaluation, 2012 [Traffic Safety Facts] · 2014 · Hinch, Mary et al. · archived
  71. Achieving a High Seat Belt Use Rate: A Guide for Selective Traffic Enforcement Programs · 2001 · NHTSA · archived
  72. The Click It or Ticket Evaluation, 2013 [Traffic Safety Facts] · 2016 · Nichols, James L. et al. · archived
  73. Evaluation of Nighttime Seat Belt Enforcement Demonstration Program and Identification of Characteristics of Unbelted High-Risk Drivers · 2018 · Retting, Richard et al. · archived
  74. Presence of Additional Safety Belt Enforcement Increases Safety Belt Use by Drivers ↗ · 2020 · Acosta-Rodriguez, Lusanni et al. · indexed
  75. An observational survey of safety belt and child safety seat use in Virginia : final report : the 1990 update. · 1992 · Stoke, Charles B · archived
  76. An observational survey of safety belt and child safety seat use in Virginia : the 1988 update. · 1989 · Stoke, Charles B · archived
  77. Nighttime enforcement of seat belt laws : an evaluation of three community programs · 2009 · Solomon, M. G. (Mark Geoffrey) et al. · archived
  78. Evaluation of Kentucky's "Buckle Up Kentucky : It's the Law & It's Enforced" 2007 campaign. · 2007 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
  79. Evaluation of Maryland, Oklahoma and the District of Columbia’s Seat Belt Law Change to Primary Enforcement · 2001 · Solomon, M. G. (Mark Geoffrey) et al. · archived
  80. Evaluation of the May 2007 Click It or Ticket Mobilization · 2009 · Solomon, Mark G. et al. · archived
  81. Unconscious Motivators and Situational Safety Belt Use: Literature Review and Results from an Expert Panel Meeting · 2006 · Brittle, Christine et al. · archived
  82. Michigan safety belt use immediately following implementation of standard enforcement · 2000 · Eby, David W. et al. · archived
  83. Evaluation of the First Year of the Washington Nighttime Seat Belt Enforcement Program · 2010 · Thomas, III, F. Dennis et al. · archived
  84. Seat belt and shoulder strap use among urban travelers : a comparison of survey results from 1974, 1975, and 1976. · 1977 · Stoke, Charles B · archived
  85. Motor Vehicle Occupant Safety Survey [1995] · 1995 · Boyle, John M., 1947- · archived
  86. Increasing Teen Safety Belt Use: A Program and Literature Review · 2005 · Fell, James C. et al. · archived
  87. Seat belt and shoulder strap use among urban travelers : a comparison of results from 1974 and 1975 surveys : a report. · 1976 · Stoke, Charles B · archived
  88. Evaluation of a Rural Demonstration Program to Increase Seat Belt Use in the Great Lakes Region · 2009 · Nichols, James L. et al. · archived
  89. A survey of child safety seat and safety belt use in Virginia : the 1987 update. · 1988 · Stoke, Charles B · archived
  90. Restraint System Usage in the Traffic Population. 1983 Annual Report · 1984 · Perkins, David D. et al. · archived
  91. Seat belt and shoulder strap use among urban travelers : results of the summer 1977 survey : a report. · 1978 · Stoke, Charles B · archived
  92. Evaluation of the May 2005 Click It or Ticket Mobilization [Traffic Safety Facts] · 2007 · NHTSA · archived
  93. Observed safety belt use : Fall 2000 national occupant protection use survey · 2001 · NHTSA · archived
  94. Evaluation of Kentucky's "Buckle Up Kentucky : It's the Law & It's Enforced" 2006 campaign. · 2006 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
  95. Evaluation of a County Enforcement Program with a Primary Seat Belt Ordinance: St. Louis County, Missouri · 2010 · Nichols, J. L. et al. · archived
  96. Long-Term Effects of Employer-Based Programs to Motivate Safety Belt Use · 1987 · Geller, E. Scott, 1942- et al. · archived
  97. Click It or Ticket Evaluation, 2008–2009 [Traffic Tech] · 2013 · NHTSA · archived
  98. Impact of Implementing a Primary Enforcement Seat Belt Law in Florida: A Case Study · 2012 · Nichols, J. L. et al. · archived
  99. Evaluation of Kentucky's "Buckle Up Kentucky : It's the Law & It's Enforced" 2005 campaign. · 2005 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
  100. Seat Belt Use in 2025 – Overall Results [Traffic Safety Facts] · 2026 · NHTSA · archived
  101. Daytime and Nighttime Seat Belt Use at Selected Sites in New Mexico · 2007 · Solomon, M. G. (Mark Geoffrey) et al. · archived
  102. Seat Belt Use, Especially among Low-Use Drivers, Increases as Florida Upgrades to Primary Seat Belt Enforcement [Traffic Tech] · 2012 · NHTSA · archived
  103. Increasing Seat Belt Use Amongst Rural Populations [Traffic Tech] · 2023 · NHTSA · archived
  104. Increasing Seat Belt Use among 8- to 15-Year-Olds. Volume II, Appendices · 2008 · Kuhn, Michelle et al. · archived
  105. Evaluation of New York State’s Mandatory Occupant Restraint Law: Volume II: Attitudinal Surveys of Licensed Drivers in New York State · 1985 · Rood, Debra H. et al. · archived
  106. Safety Belt Usage: Survey of the Traffic Population · 1978 · Stowell, Carol et al. · archived
  107. Evaluation of Kentucky's "Click It or Ticket" 2008 campaign. · 2008 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
  108. A Guide for Traffic Safety Practitioners: Best Practices for Increasing Seat Belt Use in Rural Communities · 2023 · Graham, L A et al. · archived
  109. Safety Belts: The Uncollected Dividends: A Manual for Use by State Legislators and State Officials on Techniques to Increase Safety Belt Usage · 1977 · Wailer, Patricia F. et al. · archived
  110. Safety Belt Usage among Drivers. Use of Child Restraint Devices, Passenger Safety Belts and Position of Passengers in Cars. Motorcycle Helmet Usage · 1980 · Phillips, Benjamin M. · archived
  111. National Understanding and Acceptance of Occupant Protection Systems · 1986 · Loux, Suzanne B. et al. · archived
  112. Primary Laws and Fine Levels Are Associated with Increases in Seat Belt Use, 1997–2008 · 2010 · NHTSA · archived
  113. Occupant Protection Issues among Older Drivers and Passengers. Volume 1, Final Report · 2008 · Levi, S. et al. · archived
  114. Observed Safety Belt Use in 1996 · 1997 · NHTSA · archived
  115. Comparison of 2008 national and state-level self-reported and observed seatbelt use estimates ↗ · 2011 · Ibrahimova, Aybaniz et al. · indexed
  116. Primary Enforcement Seat Belt Laws · 1996 · NHTSA · archived
  117. Automatic Safety Belt Systems: Changes in Owner Usage Over Time in GM Chevettes and VW Rabbits [August 1981] · 1981 · Phillips, Benjamin M. · archived
  118. Health Risk Appraisal and Safety Belt Use · 1987 · Perkins, David D. et al. · archived
  119. Daytime and Nighttime Seat Belt Use by Fatally Injured Passenger Vehicle Occupants. · 2010 · Tison, Julie et al. · archived
  120. Evaluation of Kentucky's Click it or Ticket Campaign · 2001 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
  121. Buckle Up Owensboro: Implementation and Evaluation of the 2015–2016 Seat Belt Campaign in Owensboro, Kentucky · 2020 · Retting, Richard et al. · archived
  122. Mandatory seat belt use. · 1984 · Grey, Joseph · archived
  123. Program Strategies for Increasing Safety Belt Usage in Rural Areas · 1996 · Bradbard, Steven L. et al. · archived
  124. Drivers’ Attitudes Toward Front or Rear Child Passenger Belt Use and Seat Belt Reminders at These Seating Positions ↗ · 2014 · Kidd, David G. et al. · indexed
  125. Seat belt usage in buses – An observation study of usage and travellers’ perspectives · 2023 · Anund, Anna et al. · archived
  126. Child safety seat and safety belt use among urban travelers. · 1984 · Stoke, Charles B · archived
  127. 1991 Annual Report: Restraint System Use in 19 U.S. Cities · 1992 · Datta, Tapan K. et al. · archived
  128. Determinants of seat belt use among drivers: a BRFSS study from a middle-income country (Vojvodina, Serbia). · 2026 · Rajčević, S et al. · archived
  129. Evaluation of Kentucky's "Buckle Up Kentucky : It's the Law & It's Enforced" campaign. · 2003 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
  130. Mandatory seat belt use laws. · 1985 · Grey, Joseph · archived
  131. Evaluation of Rear-Seat Belt Laws [Traffic Tech] · 2022 · NHTSA · archived
  132. Click It or Ticket Evaluation, 2010 · 2013 · Nichols, James L. et al. · archived
  133. Child safety seat and safety belt use among urban travelers : results of the 1984 survey. · 1985 · Stoke, Charles B · archived
  134. Restraint System Use in 19 U.S. Cities. 1991 Annual Report · 1992 · Datta, Tapan K. et al. · archived
  135. Evaluation of the Buckle Up in Your Truck Programs · 2009 · Nichols, J. L. et al. · archived
  136. Evaluation of Rear-Seat Belt Laws · 2022 · Chaudhary, Neil K. et al. · archived
  137. Evaluation of Kansas and Missouri Rural Seat Belt Demonstrations. · 2016 · Thomas, F. Dennis et al. · archived
  138. 1979 Survey of Public Perceptions on Highway Safety · 1979 · NHTSA · archived
  139. A Study of Nighttime Seat Belt Use in Indiana [Final Report] · 2006 · Vivoda, Jonathon M. et al. · archived
  140. Evaluation of New York State’s Mandatory Occupant Restraint Law: Volume VI: Final Summary Report · 1987 · Rood, Debra H. et al. · archived
  141. Safety restraint use in Virginia : use rate trends from 1983 through 1995. · 1996 · Stoke, Charles B · archived
  142. Using Haptic Feedback to Increase Seat Belt Use [Traffic Tech] · 2011 · NHTSA · archived
  143. Prevalence and Issues in Non-Use of Safety Belts and Child Restraints in a High-Income Developing Country: Lessons for the Future ↗ · 2008 · Barss, Peter et al. · indexed
  144. Building Community Support for Seat Belt Enforcement: Implementation of Buckle Up Like a Champion Today in Norman, Oklahoma · 2023 · Lococo, Kathy H. et al. · archived
  145. Evaluation of a Rural Seat Belt Demonstration Program in Florida, Georgia, and Tennessee · 2016 · Nichols, J. L. et al. · archived
  146. Expanding the Seat Belt Program Strategies Toolbox: A Starter Kit for Trying New Program Ideas · 2016 · Thomas, F. Dennis et al. · archived
  147. Belts on bones, not over the bump: reported seat belt use and positioning among pregnant and nonpregnant drivers and passengers in the U.S. ↗ · 2025 · Kidd, David G. et al. · indexed
  148. Occupant Protection Special Traffic Enforcement Program Evaluation · 1999 · Solomon, M. G. (Mark Geoffrey) et al. · archived
  149. Restraint System Use in 19 U.S. Cities 1989 Annual Report · 1990 · Datta, Tapan K. et al. · archived
  150. Assessment of seat belt use in University of Cape Coast campus, Ghana ↗ · 2018 · Ogunleye-Adetona, Comfort et al. · indexed
  151. Use of Seat Belt and Enforcement of Seat Belt Laws in Pakistan ↗ · 2014 · Klair, Ashfaq Ahmad et al. · indexed
  152. A Study of Nighttime Seat Belt Use in Indiana [Traffic Safety Facts] · 2007 · NHTSA · archived
  153. Effectiveness of a comprehensive multisector campaign to increase seat belt use in the greater Athens area, Greece. Hellenic Road Traffic Police Department. ↗ · 1999 · Petridou, E et al. · indexed
  154. Evaluation of Teen Seat Belt Demonstration Projects in Colorado and Nevada · 2011 · Nichols, J. et al. · archived
  155. Strengthening Seat Belt Use Laws · 1996 · NHTSA · archived
  156. Identifying Targets for Improvement in Nighttime Seat Belt Use [Traffic Tech] · 2010 · NHTSA · archived
  157. 1998-2000 State Shoulder Belt Use Survey Results · 2001 · NHTSA · archived
  158. Automatic Safety Belt Systems Owner Usage and Attitudes In GM Chevettes and VW Rabbits (1980 Models) [February 1981] · 1981 · Phillips, Benjamin M. et al. · archived
  159. Rural Pickup Truck Drivers and Safety Belt Use: Focus Group Report · 2004 · Nitzburg, Marsha et al. · archived
  160. Nighttime Seat Belt Enforcement in Washington State [Traffic Tech] · 2017 · NHTSA · archived
  161. Corporate Incentives for Promoting Safety Belt Use: Rationale, Guidelines, and Examples · 1982 · Geller, E. Scott, 1942- · archived
  162. IRTAD Special Report : the availability of seat belt wearing data in OECD member countries, 1995 · 1997 · NHTSA · archived
  163. Nighttime Seat Belt Use Is Lower than Daytime in New Mexico [Traffic Tech] · 2007 · NHTSA · archived
  164. Compliance with the law on car seat-belt use in four cities of Thailand. ↗ · 2000 · Aekplakorn, W et al. · indexed
  165. Race and Seat Belts in North Carolina ↗ · 1996 · Benjamin, Julian M. et al. · indexed
  166. Effect of Land Use, Time of Day and Vehicle Type on Seat Belt Use in Lagos, Nigeria. · 2012 · Akinyemi, Yingigba C. et al. · archived
  167. The 2007 Click It or Ticket High-Visibility Seat Belt Mobilization [Traffic Tech] · 2010 · NHTSA · archived
  168. Sources and Remedies for Restraint System Discomfort and Inconveniences · 1974 · Pierce, B. F. et al. · archived
  169. Deciding to click it : seatbelt use by Missouri teens · 2006 · Richardson Jr, Lilliard E et al. · archived
  170. Education on Proper Use of Seat Belts on School Buses · 2021 · Katz, Bryan et al. · archived
  171. Automatic Safety Belt Systems Owner Usage and Attitudes In GM Chevettes and VW Rabbits [May 1980] · 1980 · Phillips, Benjamin M. et al. · archived
  172. Indirect Effects of School Bus Seat Belt Installation [Traffic Tech] · 2021 · NHTSA · archived
  173. National Occupant Protection Use Survey: Shopping Center Study · 1995 · NHTSA · archived
  174. Nighttime Enforcement of Seat Belt Laws: An Evaluation of Three Community Programs [Traffic Tech] · 2010 · NHTSA · archived
  175. Explaining state-to-state differences in seat belt use : an analysis of socio-demographic variables. · 2011 · Yang, Yang et al. · archived
  176. Traffic Tech: Evaluation of Maryland's Nighttime Seat Belt Demonstration Program · 2018 · NHTSA · archived
  177. Evaluation of Kentucky's "Buckle Up Kentucky : It's the Law & It's Enforced" 2004 campaign. · 2004 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
  178. Seat belt utilisation and awareness in UAE ↗ · 2012 · Bendak, S. et al. · indexed
  179. Building Community Support for Seat Belt Enforcement: Implementation of Buckle Up Like a Champion Today in Norman, Oklahoma [Traffic Tech] · 2023 · NHTSA · archived
  180. Vital signs: seat belt use among long-haul truck drivers--United States, 2010. ↗ · 2015 · Chen, Guang X. et al. · indexed
  181. MACRO MODEL OF SEAT BELT USE BY CAR DRIVERS AND PASSENGERS ↗ · 2013 · JAMROZ, Kazimierz · indexed
  182. MACRO MODEL OF SEAT BELT USE BY CAR DRIVERS AND PASSENGERS ↗ · 2013 · JAMROZ, Kazimierz · indexed
  183. School Bus Safety Belts: Their Use, Carryover Effects and Administrative Issues: Pertinent Excerpts · 1985 · NHTSA · archived
  184. 2002 Safety Belt Usage Survey in Kentucky · 2002 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
  185. Assessing the Effectiveness of Montana’s Vehicle Occupant Protection Program [summary] · 2015 · Stanley, Laura et al. · archived
  186. Research notes : who doesn't wear a seat belt? · 2006 · NHTSA · archived
  187. Determinants of Seat Belt Use Among Drivers in Sabzevar, Iran: A Comparison of Theory of Planned Behavior and Health Belief Model ↗ · 2011 · Ali, Mehri et al. · indexed
  188. Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Safety Belt Usage · 2007 · NHTSA · archived
  189. Patterns of safety belt use among drivers killed in fatal crashes in Virginia. · 1976 · Mitchell, Deborah · archived
  190. Mandatory safety belt use legislation : alternatives for Virginia lawmakers : final report. · 1986 · Ginsburg, Jessica A · archived
  191. 2005 Survey of Seat Belt Wearing Rates · 2005 · NHTSA · archived
  192. Demonstration of the Trauma Nurses Talk Tough Seat Belt Diversion Program in North Carolina. · 2014 · Thomas, F. Dennis et al. · archived
  193. Occupant Restraint Use in 2025: Results From the NOPUS Controlled Intersection Study · 2026 · NHTSA · archived
  194. Using cameras of automatic number plate recognition system for seat belt enforcement a case study of Sanliurfa (Turkey) ↗ · 2019 · ÖZBARAN, Yavuz et al. · indexed
  195. Results of Transport Canada's survey of seat belt use in Canada, 2002-2003 · 2004 · NHTSA · archived
  196. Transport Canada's Surveys of Seat Belt Use in Canada, 2004-2005 · 2006 · NHTSA · archived
  197. Observed Seat Belt Use in Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana ↗ · 2010 · Afukaar, Francis K. et al. · indexed
  198. Performance Assessment of Prototype Seat Belt Misuse Detection System · 2018 · Mazzae, Elizabeth N. et al. · archived
  199. Occupant Restraint Use in 2024: Results From the NOPUS Controlled Intersection Study · 2026 · Werth, Lacey B · archived
  200. Demonstration of the Trauma Nurses Talk Tough Seat Belt Diversion Program in North Carolina Reaches High-Risk Drivers [Traffic Tech] · 2014 · NHTSA · archived
  201. Identifying Information That Promotes Belt-Positioning Booster Use. Volume 1, Summary and Findings · 2008 · Winston, Flaura K. et al. · archived
  202. Strategies to Increase the Use of Child Safety Seats: An Assessment of Current Knowledge · 1986 · Kernish, Robert et al. · archived
  203. Parents’ Knowledge, Attitudes and Behavior about Child Passenger Safety · 1981 · Cunningham, Jo Lynn et al. · archived
  204. Development and Test of Motivational Approaches for Increasing Use of Restraints · 1982 · McNabb, Sandra D. et al. · archived
  205. Effectiveness of the May 2005 Rural Demonstration Program and the Click It or Ticket Mobilization in the Great Lakes Region: First Year Results · 2007 · Nichols, James L. et al. · archived
  206. Indirect Effects of School Bus Seat Belt Installation · 2021 · Kissner, Erin et al. · archived
  207. Results of Transport Canada’s September 2004 Survey of Seat Belt Use in Rural Areas of the Country · 2005 · NHTSA · archived
  208. National occupant protection use survey : controlled intersection detailed study · 1997 · NHTSA · archived
  209. Evaluation of Teen Seat Belt Demonstration Projects in Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, and Texas · 2018 · Nichols, J. L. et al. · archived
  210. Passive vs. Active Safety Belt Systems in Volkswagen Rabbits: A Comparison of Owner Use Habits and Attitudes · 1976 · Westefeld, Albert, 1913- et al. · archived
  211. Using Haptic Feedback to Increase Seat Belt Use of Service Vehicle Drivers · 2011 · Van Houten, Ron et al. · archived
  212. Pilot Study to Assess Sustained and Multifaceted Traffic Safety Activity on North Dakota's Rural Roads · 2011 · Huseth, Andrea et al. · archived
  213. Influence of an enforcement campaign on seat-belt and helmet wearing, karachi-hala highway, pakistan. ↗ · 2011 · Bhatti, Junaid A et al. · indexed
  214. Papers on Adult Seat Belts–Effectiveness and Use · 1988 · Partyka, Susan C. · archived
  215. Identifying Strategies to Improve the Effectiveness of Booster Seat Laws · 2008 · Decina, L. E. (Larry E.) et al. · archived
  216. Effectiveness of Seat Belts in Reducing Injuries · 2007 · Dissanayake, Sunanda et al. · archived
  217. Motivation of Employers to Encourage Their Employees to Use Safety Belts (Phase 2) · 1983 · Ware, Anita et al. · archived
  218. A brief tailored family-centered seat belt intervention for hospitalized trauma patients. · 2010 · Ehrlich, Peter F. et al. · archived
  219. Results of Transport Canada’s September 2002 Survey of Seat Belt Use in Rural Areas of the Country · 2003 · NHTSA · archived
  220. Synthesis of Studies That Relate Amount of Enforcement to Magnitude Of Safety Outcomes · 2022 · Taylor, Catherine et al. · archived
  221. Papers on adult seat belts : effectiveness and use · 1988 · Partyka, Susan C. · archived
  222. Investigating the role of health belief model on seat belt use for front seat passengers on urban and rural roads ↗ · 2022 · Zabihi, Farimah et al. · indexed
  223. Identifying Strategies to Reduce the Percentage of Unrestrained Young Children · 2009 · Decina, Lawrence E. et al. · archived
  224. National occupant protection use survey 2000 : controlled intersection study · 2001 · Bondy, N. et al. · archived
  225. The use of safety restraint systems in Virginia by occupants under 16 years of age : summer 1998. · 1999 · Stoke, Charles B · archived
  226. Evaluation of New York State's Mandatory Occupant Restraint Law: Volume III: Observational Surveys of Safety Restraint Use by Children in New York State · 1986 · Rood, Debra H. et al. · archived
  227. Seat belt wearing rates in Victoria: 1994 ↗ · 1996 · Diamantopoulou, Kathy et al. · indexed
  228. Seat Belt Use, Race, and Hispanic Origin [Traffic Tech] · 2021 · NHTSA · archived
  229. 2006 Seat Belt Use Estimate for Native American Tribal Reservations · 2008 · Chaffe, Robert H. B. et al. · archived
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  241. The Impact of The Rear Seat Belt Use on Traffic Safety in the UAE ↗ · 2020 · Najah, Arwa et al. · indexed
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  277. Seat Belt Attitudes, Habits, and Behaviors: An Adaptive Amendment to the Fishbein Model ↗ · 1983 · And, John Wttenbraker et al. · indexed
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  282. 2000 Safety Belt Usage Survey in Kentucky · 2000 · Agent, Kenneth R. · archived
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  285. 2008 safety belt usage survey in Kentucky. · 2008 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
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  288. Public Awareness Survey Recommendations of the NHTSA-GHSA Working Group · 2011 · Hedlund, J. et al. · archived
  289. Summary Report: Field Test of Combined Speed, Alcohol, and Safety Belt Enforcement Strategies · 1995 · Jones, R et al. · archived
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  494. Testing of Seats and Seat Belts for Rollover Protection Systems in Motor Vehicles ↗ · 1998 · Arndt, Mark W. · indexed
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