seat belt use

Seat belt use behavior: observed and self-reported belt wearing rates, predictors of nonuse, belt reminder systems and their effectiveness, primary and secondary enforcement effects on belt use, occupant restraint campaigns, and part-time belt users. The behavioral and usage side of adult occupant restraint, distinct from child_passenger_safety (child restraint systems) and from fatality_injury_trends (outcome statistics).

667 paper(s) · ranked by relevance to this topic

1. Factors Related to Nonuse of Seat Belts in Michigan · 1987 · Wagenaar, A.C. et al. · archived
2. Technical Approaches to Increase Seat Belt Use: Report to the House and Senate Committees on Appropriations · 2020 · NHTSA · archived
3. A Study of Demographic, Situational, and Motivational Factors Affecting Restraint Usage in Automobiles · 1983 · Mayas, J. M. B. et al. · archived
4. Enhanced Seat Belt Reminder Systems: An Observational Study Examining the Relationship with Seat Belt Use · 2021 · Polson, A. et al. · archived
5. Encouraging Full Time Use of Safety Belts among Current Part-Time Users · 1991 · Finn, Peter, 1940- et al. · archived
6. Increasing Seat Belt Use through State-Level Demonstration Projects: A Compendium of Initial Findings · 2008 · Blomberg, Richard D. et al. · archived
7. Overrepresentation of Seat Belt Non-users in Traffic Crashes · 1988 · Hunter, W. W. et al. · archived
8. The social psychology of seatbelt use. · 2010 · Gonzalez, Richard et al. · archived
9. Seat Belt Use-Inducing System Effectiveness · 1975 · Appleby, M. R. et al. · archived
10. Belief about seat belt use and seat belt wearing behavior among front and rear seat passengers in the United States · 2019 · Beck, Laurie F. et al. · archived
11. 1998 Motor Vehicle Occupant Safety Survey: Volume 2: Seat Belt Report · 2000 · Block, Alan W. · archived
12. Increasing Safety Belt Use by High Risk Drivers · 1991 · Blomberg, Richard D. et al. · archived
13. Countermeasures That Work – Seat Belts [Traffic Tech] · 2021 · NHTSA · archived
14. Self-reported seatbelt use, United States, 2002–2010: Does prevalence vary by state and type of seatbelt law? · 2012 · Shults, Ruth A. et al. · archived
15. Innovative Seat Belt Demonstration Programs in Kentucky, Mississippi, North Dakota, and Wyoming · 2009 · Blomberg, Richard D. et al. · archived
16. Effectiveness of Safety Belt Warning and Interlock Systems · 1973 · Cohen, Joel B. (Joel Benjamin) et al. · archived
17. Effectiveness and Efficiency of Safety Belt and Child Restraint Usage Programs · 1982 · Nichols, James L. · archived
18. Effectiveness of Safety Belt Use Laws: A Multinational Examination: Proceedings of a Workshop: Washington, DC, November 12–14, 1985 · 1985 · NHTSA · archived
19. May 2004 Click It or Ticket Seat Belt Mobilization Evaluation: Final Report · 2007 · Solomon, M. G. (Mark Geoffrey) et al. · archived
20. High-Visibility Enforcement and Seat Belt Use [Traffic Tech] · 2021 · NHTSA · archived
21. Human Factors Research on Seat Belt Assurance Systems · 2020 · Bao, Shan et al. · archived
22. A comparative policy analysis of seat belt laws : final report. · 2014 · McGehee, Daniel V. et al. · archived
23. 2016 Motor Vehicle Occupant Safety Survey; Volume 2: Seat Belt Report · 2019 · Spado, Davia et al. · archived
24. May 2003 Click It or Ticket Safety Belt Mobilization Evaluation · 2004 · Solomon, M. G. (Mark Geoffrey) et al. · archived
25. 2003 Motor Vehicle Occupant Safety Survey: Volume 2: Safety Belt Report · 2003 · Boyle, John M., 1947- et al. · archived
26. Predictors of rear seat belt use among U.S. adults, 2012 · 2015 · Bhat, Geeta et al. · archived
27. Estimated safety belt use rates under primary and secondary enforcement statutes : final report. · 1991 · Stoke, Charles B et al. · archived
28. Characteristics and Predictors of Occasional Seat Belt Use Using Strategic Highway Research Program 2 Data · 2020 · Richard, Christian M. et al. · archived
29. Analyzing the First Years of the Click It or Ticket Mobilizations · 2010 · Tison, Julie et al. · archived
30. Evaluation of the May 2005 Click It or Ticket Mobilization to Increase Seat Belt Use · 2007 · Solomon, M. G. (Mark Geoffrey) et al. · archived
31. Evaluation of Maine’s Seat Belt Law Change from Secondary to Primary Enforcement · 2010 · Chaudhary, Neil K. et al. · archived
32. An analysis of seatbelt use decision making among part-time users. · 2011 · Yates, J. Frank et al. · archived
33. Psychological Constructs Related to Seat Belt Use, Volume 2: Results Report · 2020 · Sheveland, Anna C et al. · archived
34. Effectiveness of Safety Belt Usage Laws · 1980 · Fisher, Franklin G. · archived
35. Increasing Seat Belt Use in New York City: Evaluation of a Demonstration Project · 2009 · Ledingham, Katherine et al. · archived
36. Evaluation of California’s Safety Belt Law Change to Primary Enforcement · 1994 · Ulmer, Robert G. et al. · archived
37. Intelligent Seat Belt Reminders—Do They Change Driver Seat Belt Use in Europe? ↗ · 2008 · Lie, Anders et al. · indexed
38. The role of enforcement programs in increasing seat belt use ↗ · 2004 · Williams, Allan F. et al. · indexed
39. Selective Traffic Enforcement Program for Occupant Restraints · 1987 · Rood, Debra H. et al. · archived
40. Safety Belt Usage Rates at High Schools and Colleges in Rhode Island: Final Report · 2004 · Berman, Daniel J. et al. · archived
41. May 2006 Click It or Ticket Seat Belt Mobilization Evaluation: Final Report · 2008 · Tison, Julie et al. · archived
42. Evaluation of the Effects of a Seat Belt Education Program among Elementary School Children in Loudoun County, Virginia · 1972 · Senk, Stanley A. et al. · archived
43. Pilot Tests of a Seat Belt Gearshift Delay on the Belt Use of Commercial Fleet Drivers [Traffic Tech] · 2010 · NHTSA · archived
44. Psychological Constructs Related to Belt Use [Traffic Tech] · 2020 · NHTSA · archived
45. Strategies to Increase the Use of Safety Belts by Youngsters · 1989 · Klein, Nancy · archived
46. Restraint use (seat belt and child passenger seat) survey · 2008 · Hernandez, Bruce. · archived
47. The Use of Seat Belts in Cars with Smart Seat Belt Reminders—Results of an Observational Study ↗ · 2006 · Krafft, Maria et al. · indexed
48. Increasing Seat Belt Use Amongst Rural Populations · 2023 · Solomon, Mark G. et al. · archived
49. The 2016 Motor Vehicle Occupant Safety Survey: Seat Belt Report [Traffic Tech] · 2019 · NHTSA · archived
50. Evaluation of a High-Visibility Seat Belt Enforcement Program on the Blue Ridge Parkway · 2014 · Elliott, K. R. et al. · archived
51. Characteristics and Conditions of Teenage Safety Belt Use · 1997 · Womack, Katie N. et al. · archived
52. Click It or Ticket Evaluation, 2008 - 2009 · 2013 · Solomon, Mark G. et al. · archived
53. The effects of persistent audible seat belt reminders and a speed-limiting interlock on the seat belt use of drivers who do not always use a seat belt ↗ · 2019 · Kidd, David G. et al. · indexed
54. Strategies to Increase Seat Belt Use: An Analysis of Levels of Fines and the Type of Law · 2010 · Nichols, James L. et al. · archived
55. Increasing seat belt use in the United States by promoting and requiring more effective seat belt reminder systems ↗ · 2023 · Kidd, David G. et al. · indexed
56. NHTSA Region IV Click It or Ticket Campaign, May 2001 · 2002 · Solomon, M. G. (Mark Geoffrey) · archived
57. Safety Belt Interlock System Usage Survey [1976] · 1976 · Westefeld, Albert, 1913- et al. · archived
58. Increasing seatbelt usage rate among high school students. · 2010 · Mundorf, Norbert et al. · archived
59. May 2004 Click It or Ticket Seat Belt Mobilization Evaluation [Traffic Safety Facts] · 2007 · NHTSA · archived
60. Using naturalistic driving data to identify variables associated with infrequent, occasional, and consistent seat belt use ↗ · 2013 · Reagan, Ian J. et al. · indexed
61. Evaluation of Click It or Ticket Model Programs · 2002 · Solomon, M. G. (Mark Geoffrey) et al. · archived
62. Seat-belt wearing and driving behavior: An instrumented-vehicle study ↗ · 1994 · Janssen, Wiel · indexed
63. Exploring the Methods to Increase Seat Belt Usage in Kansas · 2007 · Zhao, Yuan · archived
64. Safety Belt Use Laws: Evaluation of Primary Enforcement and Other Provisions · 1995 · Winnicki, John · archived
65. Evaluation of the Washington Nighttime Seat Belt Enforcement Program · 2017 · Thomas, F. Dennis et al. · archived
66. Child safety seat and safety belt use among urban travelers : results of the 1985 survey. · 1986 · Stoke, Charles B · archived
67. An observational survey of safety belt and child safety seat use in Virginia : the 1989 update. · 1991 · Stoke, Charles B · archived
68. Evaluation of Louisiana’s Safety Belt Law Change to Primary Enforcement · 1997 · Preusser, David F. · archived
69. Development and Test of a Motivational Approach and Materials for Increasing Use of Restraints · 1982 · Schwalm, Norman D. et al. · archived
70. Assessment Method of Effectiveness of Passenger Seat Belt Reminder ↗ · 2012 · Akamatsu, Motoyuki et al. · indexed
71. Pilot Tests of a Seat Belt Gearshift Delay on the Belt Use of Commercial Fleet Drivers · 2009 · Van Houten, Ron et al. · archived
72. Safety Belt Interlock System: Usage Survey [1975] · 1975 · Westefeld, Albert, 1913- et al. · archived
73. A study of Michigan safety belt use prior to implementation of standard enforcement · 2000 · Eby, David W. et al. · archived
74. Driver Usage Patterns of Non-Motorized, Door-Mounted, Passive 3-Point Seat Belts ↗ · 1997 · Broadhead, William G. et al. · indexed
75. Process and Outcome Evaluation: The Buckle Up America Initiatives · 2001 · Solomon, M. G. (Mark Geoffrey) et al. · archived
76. The Click It or Ticket evaluation, 2012 [Traffic Safety Facts] · 2014 · Hinch, Mary et al. · archived
77. Achieving a High Seat Belt Use Rate: A Guide for Selective Traffic Enforcement Programs · 2001 · NHTSA · archived
78. Seat belt and shoulder strap use among urban travelers : interim report. · 1974 · Stoke, Charles B · archived
79. The Click It or Ticket Evaluation, 2013 [Traffic Safety Facts] · 2016 · Nichols, James L. et al. · archived
80. Evaluation of Nighttime Seat Belt Enforcement Demonstration Program and Identification of Characteristics of Unbelted High-Risk Drivers · 2018 · Retting, Richard et al. · archived
81. Seat Belt Use in States and Territories with Primary and Secondary Laws -- United States, 2006 ↗ · 2009 · Beck, Laurie F. et al. · indexed
82. Seat belt usage in buses – An observation study of usage and travellers’ perspectives · 2023 · Anund, Anna et al. · archived
83. Presence of Additional Safety Belt Enforcement Increases Safety Belt Use by Drivers ↗ · 2020 · Acosta-Rodriguez, Lusanni et al. · indexed
84. Nighttime enforcement of seat belt laws : an evaluation of three community programs · 2009 · Solomon, M. G. (Mark Geoffrey) et al. · archived
85. An observational survey of safety belt and child safety seat use in Virginia : final report : the 1990 update. · 1992 · Stoke, Charles B · archived
86. Evaluation of Kentucky's "Buckle Up Kentucky : It's the Law & It's Enforced" 2007 campaign. · 2007 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
87. Evaluation of Maryland, Oklahoma and the District of Columbia’s Seat Belt Law Change to Primary Enforcement · 2001 · Solomon, M. G. (Mark Geoffrey) et al. · archived
88. Evaluation of the May 2007 Click It or Ticket Mobilization · 2009 · Solomon, Mark G. et al. · archived
89. The effect of a gearshift interlock on seat belt use by drivers who do not always use a belt and its acceptance among those who do ↗ · 2018 · Kidd, David G. et al. · indexed
90. Does driver seatbelt use increase usage among front seat passengers? An exploratory analysis ↗ · 2021 · Buchman, Tracy · indexed
91. Unconscious Motivators and Situational Safety Belt Use: Literature Review and Results from an Expert Panel Meeting · 2006 · Brittle, Christine et al. · archived
92. Michigan safety belt use immediately following implementation of standard enforcement · 2000 · Eby, David W. et al. · archived
93. Evaluation of the First Year of the Washington Nighttime Seat Belt Enforcement Program · 2010 · Thomas, III, F. Dennis et al. · archived
94. Seat belt and shoulder strap use among urban travelers : a comparison of survey results from 1974, 1975, and 1976. · 1977 · Stoke, Charles B · archived
95. Motor Vehicle Occupant Safety Survey [1995] · 1995 · Boyle, John M., 1947- · archived
96. Increasing Teen Safety Belt Use: A Program and Literature Review · 2005 · Fell, James C. et al. · archived
97. An observational survey of safety belt and child safety seat use in Virginia : the 1988 update. · 1989 · Stoke, Charles B · archived
98. Seat belt and shoulder strap use among urban travelers : a comparison of results from 1974 and 1975 surveys : a report. · 1976 · Stoke, Charles B · archived
99. Determinants of seat belt use among drivers: a BRFSS study from a middle-income country (Vojvodina, Serbia). · 2026 · Rajčević, S et al. · archived
100. Evaluation of a Rural Demonstration Program to Increase Seat Belt Use in the Great Lakes Region · 2009 · Nichols, James L. et al. · archived
101. Restraint System Usage in the Traffic Population. 1983 Annual Report · 1984 · Perkins, David D. et al. · archived
102. Seat belt and shoulder strap use among urban travelers : results of the summer 1977 survey : a report. · 1978 · Stoke, Charles B · archived
103. Evaluation of the May 2005 Click It or Ticket Mobilization [Traffic Safety Facts] · 2007 · NHTSA · archived
104. Observed safety belt use : Fall 2000 national occupant protection use survey · 2001 · NHTSA · archived
105. Evaluation of Kentucky's "Buckle Up Kentucky : It's the Law & It's Enforced" 2006 campaign. · 2006 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
106. Evaluation of a County Enforcement Program with a Primary Seat Belt Ordinance: St. Louis County, Missouri · 2010 · Nichols, J. L. et al. · archived
107. A survey of child safety seat and safety belt use in Virginia : the 1987 update. · 1988 · Stoke, Charles B · archived
108. Taxi driver seat belt wearing in Nanjing, China ↗ · 2009 · Routley, Virginia et al. · indexed
109. Long-Term Effects of Employer-Based Programs to Motivate Safety Belt Use · 1987 · Geller, E. Scott, 1942- et al. · archived
110. Click It or Ticket Evaluation, 2008–2009 [Traffic Tech] · 2013 · NHTSA · archived
111. Impact of Implementing a Primary Enforcement Seat Belt Law in Florida: A Case Study · 2012 · Nichols, J. L. et al. · archived
112. Evaluation of Kentucky's "Buckle Up Kentucky : It's the Law & It's Enforced" 2005 campaign. · 2005 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
113. Seat Belt Use in 2025 – Overall Results [Traffic Safety Facts] · 2026 · NHTSA · archived
114. Seat Belt Use, Especially among Low-Use Drivers, Increases as Florida Upgrades to Primary Seat Belt Enforcement [Traffic Tech] · 2012 · NHTSA · archived
115. Increasing Seat Belt Use Amongst Rural Populations [Traffic Tech] · 2023 · NHTSA · archived
116. Increasing Seat Belt Use among 8- to 15-Year-Olds. Volume II, Appendices · 2008 · Kuhn, Michelle et al. · archived
117. Evaluation of New York State’s Mandatory Occupant Restraint Law: Volume II: Attitudinal Surveys of Licensed Drivers in New York State · 1985 · Rood, Debra H. et al. · archived
118. Safety Belt Usage: Survey of the Traffic Population · 1978 · Stowell, Carol et al. · archived
119. Evaluation of Kentucky's "Click It or Ticket" 2008 campaign. · 2008 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
120. A Guide for Traffic Safety Practitioners: Best Practices for Increasing Seat Belt Use in Rural Communities · 2023 · Graham, L A et al. · archived
121. Daytime and Nighttime Seat Belt Use at Selected Sites in New Mexico · 2007 · Solomon, M. G. (Mark Geoffrey) et al. · archived
122. Effect of Land Use, Time of Day and Vehicle Type on Seat Belt Use in Lagos, Nigeria. · 2012 · Akinyemi, Yingigba C. et al. · archived
123. Safety Belts: The Uncollected Dividends: A Manual for Use by State Legislators and State Officials on Techniques to Increase Safety Belt Usage · 1977 · Wailer, Patricia F. et al. · archived
124. Safety Belt Usage among Drivers. Use of Child Restraint Devices, Passenger Safety Belts and Position of Passengers in Cars. Motorcycle Helmet Usage · 1980 · Phillips, Benjamin M. · archived
125. National Understanding and Acceptance of Occupant Protection Systems · 1986 · Loux, Suzanne B. et al. · archived
126. Primary Laws and Fine Levels Are Associated with Increases in Seat Belt Use, 1997–2008 · 2010 · NHTSA · archived
127. Occupant Protection Issues among Older Drivers and Passengers. Volume 1, Final Report · 2008 · Levi, S. et al. · archived
128. Observed Safety Belt Use in 1996 · 1997 · NHTSA · archived
129. Program Strategies for Increasing Safety Belt Usage in Rural Areas · 1996 · Bradbard, Steven L. et al. · archived
130. Comparison of 2008 national and state-level self-reported and observed seatbelt use estimates ↗ · 2011 · Ibrahimova, Aybaniz et al. · indexed
131. Primary Enforcement Seat Belt Laws · 1996 · NHTSA · archived
132. Automatic Safety Belt Systems: Changes in Owner Usage Over Time in GM Chevettes and VW Rabbits [August 1981] · 1981 · Phillips, Benjamin M. · archived
133. Health Risk Appraisal and Safety Belt Use · 1987 · Perkins, David D. et al. · archived
134. Daytime and Nighttime Seat Belt Use by Fatally Injured Passenger Vehicle Occupants. · 2010 · Tison, Julie et al. · archived
135. Evaluation of Kentucky's Click it or Ticket Campaign · 2001 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
136. Buckle Up Owensboro: Implementation and Evaluation of the 2015–2016 Seat Belt Campaign in Owensboro, Kentucky · 2020 · Retting, Richard et al. · archived
137. Mandatory seat belt use. · 1984 · Grey, Joseph · archived
138. The Effects of Mandatory Seat Belt Laws on Driving Behavior and Traffic Fatalities ↗ · 2001 · Cohen, Alma et al. · indexed
139. Drivers’ Attitudes Toward Front or Rear Child Passenger Belt Use and Seat Belt Reminders at These Seating Positions ↗ · 2014 · Kidd, David G. et al. · indexed
140. Child safety seat and safety belt use among urban travelers. · 1984 · Stoke, Charles B · archived
141. 1991 Annual Report: Restraint System Use in 19 U.S. Cities · 1992 · Datta, Tapan K. et al. · archived
142. Evaluation of Kentucky's "Buckle Up Kentucky : It's the Law & It's Enforced" campaign. · 2003 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
143. Mandatory seat belt use laws. · 1985 · Grey, Joseph · archived
144. Evaluation of Rear-Seat Belt Laws [Traffic Tech] · 2022 · NHTSA · archived
145. Click It or Ticket Evaluation, 2010 · 2013 · Nichols, James L. et al. · archived
146. Child safety seat and safety belt use among urban travelers : results of the 1984 survey. · 1985 · Stoke, Charles B · archived
147. The validity of self-reported seatbelt use in a country where levels of use are low ↗ · 2012 · Özkan, Türker et al. · indexed
148. Restraint System Use in 19 U.S. Cities. 1991 Annual Report · 1992 · Datta, Tapan K. et al. · archived
149. Evaluation of the Buckle Up in Your Truck Programs · 2009 · Nichols, J. L. et al. · archived
150. Evaluation of Rear-Seat Belt Laws · 2022 · Chaudhary, Neil K. et al. · archived
151. Evaluation of Kansas and Missouri Rural Seat Belt Demonstrations. · 2016 · Thomas, F. Dennis et al. · archived
152. 1979 Survey of Public Perceptions on Highway Safety · 1979 · NHTSA · archived
153. A Study of Nighttime Seat Belt Use in Indiana [Final Report] · 2006 · Vivoda, Jonathon M. et al. · archived
154. Evaluation of New York State’s Mandatory Occupant Restraint Law: Volume VI: Final Summary Report · 1987 · Rood, Debra H. et al. · archived
155. Safety restraint use in Virginia : use rate trends from 1983 through 1995. · 1996 · Stoke, Charles B · archived
156. Using Haptic Feedback to Increase Seat Belt Use [Traffic Tech] · 2011 · NHTSA · archived
157. USING ACCELERATOR PEDAL FORCE TO INCREASE SEAT BELT USE OF SERVICE VEHICLE DRIVERS ↗ · 2011 · Van Houten, Ron et al. · indexed
158. Prevalence and Issues in Non-Use of Safety Belts and Child Restraints in a High-Income Developing Country: Lessons for the Future ↗ · 2008 · Barss, Peter et al. · indexed
159. Seatbelt use, attitudes, and changes in legislation ↗ · 2002 · Steptoe, Andrew et al. · indexed
160. Building Community Support for Seat Belt Enforcement: Implementation of Buckle Up Like a Champion Today in Norman, Oklahoma · 2023 · Lococo, Kathy H. et al. · archived
161. Evaluation of a Rural Seat Belt Demonstration Program in Florida, Georgia, and Tennessee · 2016 · Nichols, J. L. et al. · archived
162. Expanding the Seat Belt Program Strategies Toolbox: A Starter Kit for Trying New Program Ideas · 2016 · Thomas, F. Dennis et al. · archived
163. Using naturalistic driving data to examine drivers' seatbelt use behavior: Comparison between teens and adults ↗ · 2015 · Bao, Shan et al. · indexed
164. Belts on bones, not over the bump: reported seat belt use and positioning among pregnant and nonpregnant drivers and passengers in the U.S. ↗ · 2025 · Kidd, David G. et al. · indexed
165. Occupant Protection Special Traffic Enforcement Program Evaluation · 1999 · Solomon, M. G. (Mark Geoffrey) et al. · archived
166. Understanding internal and external influences on seat belt use in the oil and gas extraction industry ↗ · 2026 · Rodríguez-Acosta, Rosa L. et al. · indexed
167. Predictors of safety belt use among crash-involved drivers and front seat passengers: adjusting for over-reporting ↗ · 1999 · Li, Lei et al. · indexed
168. Restraint System Use in 19 U.S. Cities 1989 Annual Report · 1990 · Datta, Tapan K. et al. · archived
169. Assessment of seat belt use in University of Cape Coast campus, Ghana ↗ · 2018 · Ogunleye-Adetona, Comfort et al. · indexed
170. Self-reported and observed seat belt use – A case study: Bosnia and Herzegovina ↗ · 2015 · Lipovac, Krsto et al. · indexed
171. Assessing the prevailing driver seatbelt compliance at Madina Zongo junction in Accra, Ghana: An observational study ↗ · 2024 · Amanor, William Kwaasi et al. · indexed
172. Use of Seat Belt and Enforcement of Seat Belt Laws in Pakistan ↗ · 2014 · Klair, Ashfaq Ahmad et al. · indexed
173. A Study of Nighttime Seat Belt Use in Indiana [Traffic Safety Facts] · 2007 · NHTSA · archived
174. Effectiveness of a comprehensive multisector campaign to increase seat belt use in the greater Athens area, Greece. Hellenic Road Traffic Police Department. ↗ · 1999 · Petridou, E et al. · indexed
175. Evaluation of Teen Seat Belt Demonstration Projects in Colorado and Nevada · 2011 · Nichols, J. et al. · archived
176. Strengthening Seat Belt Use Laws · 1996 · NHTSA · archived
177. Identifying Targets for Improvement in Nighttime Seat Belt Use [Traffic Tech] · 2010 · NHTSA · archived
178. 1998-2000 State Shoulder Belt Use Survey Results · 2001 · NHTSA · archived
179. Automatic Safety Belt Systems Owner Usage and Attitudes In GM Chevettes and VW Rabbits (1980 Models) [February 1981] · 1981 · Phillips, Benjamin M. et al. · archived
180. Deciding to click it : seatbelt use by Missouri teens · 2006 · Richardson Jr, Lilliard E et al. · archived
181. Rural Pickup Truck Drivers and Safety Belt Use: Focus Group Report · 2004 · Nitzburg, Marsha et al. · archived
182. Corporate Incentives for Promoting Safety Belt Use: Rationale, Guidelines, and Examples · 1982 · Geller, E. Scott, 1942- · archived
183. IRTAD Special Report : the availability of seat belt wearing data in OECD member countries, 1995 · 1997 · NHTSA · archived
184. Nighttime Seat Belt Use Is Lower than Daytime in New Mexico [Traffic Tech] · 2007 · NHTSA · archived
185. Effect of enhanced seat belt reminders on driver fatality risk ↗ · 2010 · Farmer, Charles M. et al. · indexed
186. Compliance with the law on car seat-belt use in four cities of Thailand. ↗ · 2000 · Aekplakorn, W et al. · indexed
187. Nighttime Seat Belt Enforcement in Washington State [Traffic Tech] · 2017 · NHTSA · archived
188. Race and Seat Belts in North Carolina ↗ · 1996 · Benjamin, Julian M. et al. · indexed
189. The 2007 Click It or Ticket High-Visibility Seat Belt Mobilization [Traffic Tech] · 2010 · NHTSA · archived
190. SEATBELT USE AMONG DRUNK DRIVERS IN DIFFERENT LEGISLATIVE SETTINGS ↗ · 2014 · Adams, Scott et al. · indexed
191. Sources and Remedies for Restraint System Discomfort and Inconveniences · 1974 · Pierce, B. F. et al. · archived
192. Education on Proper Use of Seat Belts on School Buses · 2021 · Katz, Bryan et al. · archived
193. Automatic Safety Belt Systems Owner Usage and Attitudes In GM Chevettes and VW Rabbits [May 1980] · 1980 · Phillips, Benjamin M. et al. · archived
194. The Effects of Mandatory Seat Belt Laws on Motor Vehicle Fatalities in the United States ↗ · 2001 · Calkins, Lindsay Noble et al. · indexed
195. The effect of population safety belt usage rates on motor vehicle-related fatalities ↗ · 2002 · Derrig, Richard A. et al. · indexed
196. Indirect Effects of School Bus Seat Belt Installation [Traffic Tech] · 2021 · NHTSA · archived
197. National Occupant Protection Use Survey: Shopping Center Study · 1995 · NHTSA · archived
198. Nighttime Enforcement of Seat Belt Laws: An Evaluation of Three Community Programs [Traffic Tech] · 2010 · NHTSA · archived
199. The NHTSA Program of Safety Belt Research ↗ · 1982 · Bigelow, Bruce E. · indexed
200. Explaining state-to-state differences in seat belt use : an analysis of socio-demographic variables. · 2011 · Yang, Yang et al. · archived
201. Traffic Tech: Evaluation of Maryland's Nighttime Seat Belt Demonstration Program · 2018 · NHTSA · archived
202. Evaluation of Kentucky's "Buckle Up Kentucky : It's the Law & It's Enforced" 2004 campaign. · 2004 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
203. Seat belt utilisation and awareness in UAE ↗ · 2012 · Bendak, S. et al. · indexed
204. Building Community Support for Seat Belt Enforcement: Implementation of Buckle Up Like a Champion Today in Norman, Oklahoma [Traffic Tech] · 2023 · NHTSA · archived
205. Vital signs: seat belt use among long-haul truck drivers--United States, 2010. ↗ · 2015 · Chen, Guang X. et al. · indexed
206. MACRO MODEL OF SEAT BELT USE BY CAR DRIVERS AND PASSENGERS ↗ · 2013 · JAMROZ, Kazimierz · indexed
207. MACRO MODEL OF SEAT BELT USE BY CAR DRIVERS AND PASSENGERS ↗ · 2013 · JAMROZ, Kazimierz · indexed
208. School Bus Safety Belts: Their Use, Carryover Effects and Administrative Issues: Pertinent Excerpts · 1985 · NHTSA · archived
209. 2002 Safety Belt Usage Survey in Kentucky · 2002 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
210. Assessing the Effectiveness of Montana’s Vehicle Occupant Protection Program [summary] · 2015 · Stanley, Laura et al. · archived
211. Research notes : who doesn't wear a seat belt? · 2006 · NHTSA · archived
212. Determinants of Seat Belt Use Among Drivers in Sabzevar, Iran: A Comparison of Theory of Planned Behavior and Health Belief Model ↗ · 2011 · Ali, Mehri et al. · indexed
213. Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Safety Belt Usage · 2007 · NHTSA · archived
214. Patterns of safety belt use among drivers killed in fatal crashes in Virginia. · 1976 · Mitchell, Deborah · archived
215. Observational study on seatbelt usage among rear-seat passengers in a developing metropolis: Evidence from Pedu intersection, Cape Coast, Ghana ↗ · 2025 · Amanor, William Kwaasi et al. · indexed
216. Mandatory safety belt use legislation : alternatives for Virginia lawmakers : final report. · 1986 · Ginsburg, Jessica A · archived
217. 2005 Survey of Seat Belt Wearing Rates · 2005 · NHTSA · archived
218. Demonstration of the Trauma Nurses Talk Tough Seat Belt Diversion Program in North Carolina. · 2014 · Thomas, F. Dennis et al. · archived
219. Occupant Restraint Use in 2025: Results From the NOPUS Controlled Intersection Study · 2026 · NHTSA · archived
220. Using cameras of automatic number plate recognition system for seat belt enforcement a case study of Sanliurfa (Turkey) ↗ · 2019 · ÖZBARAN, Yavuz et al. · indexed
221. Results of Transport Canada's survey of seat belt use in Canada, 2002-2003 · 2004 · NHTSA · archived
222. Quantifying and recommending seat belt reminder timing using naturalistic driving video data ↗ · 2022 · McGehee, Daniel V. et al. · indexed
223. Observed Seat Belt Use in Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana ↗ · 2010 · Afukaar, Francis K. et al. · indexed
224. Performance Assessment of Prototype Seat Belt Misuse Detection System · 2018 · Mazzae, Elizabeth N. et al. · archived
225. Occupant Restraint Use in 2024: Results From the NOPUS Controlled Intersection Study · 2026 · Werth, Lacey B · archived
226. Demonstration of the Trauma Nurses Talk Tough Seat Belt Diversion Program in North Carolina Reaches High-Risk Drivers [Traffic Tech] · 2014 · NHTSA · archived
227. Transport Canada's Surveys of Seat Belt Use in Canada, 2004-2005 · 2006 · NHTSA · archived
228. Factors related to seat belt use among fatally injured teenage drivers ↗ · 2004 · McCartt, Anne T. et al. · indexed
229. Identifying Information That Promotes Belt-Positioning Booster Use. Volume 1, Summary and Findings · 2008 · Winston, Flaura K. et al. · archived
230. Seat belt utilization in Saudi Arabia and its impact on road accident injuries ↗ · 2005 · Bendak, Salaheddine · indexed
231. Variation in drivers’ seat belt use by indicators of community-level vulnerability ↗ · 2023 · Sartin, Emma B. et al. · indexed
232. Strategies to Increase the Use of Child Safety Seats: An Assessment of Current Knowledge · 1986 · Kernish, Robert et al. · archived
233. Parents’ Knowledge, Attitudes and Behavior about Child Passenger Safety · 1981 · Cunningham, Jo Lynn et al. · archived
234. Development and Test of Motivational Approaches for Increasing Use of Restraints · 1982 · McNabb, Sandra D. et al. · archived
235. Effectiveness of the May 2005 Rural Demonstration Program and the Click It or Ticket Mobilization in the Great Lakes Region: First Year Results · 2007 · Nichols, James L. et al. · archived
236. Indirect Effects of School Bus Seat Belt Installation · 2021 · Kissner, Erin et al. · archived
237. Results of Transport Canada’s September 2004 Survey of Seat Belt Use in Rural Areas of the Country · 2005 · NHTSA · archived
238. Estimating overinvolvement of seat belt nonwearers in crashes and the effect of lap/shoulder restraint use on different crash severity consequences ↗ · 1994 · Cooper, Peter J. · indexed
239. Evaluation of Teen Seat Belt Demonstration Projects in Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, and Texas · 2018 · Nichols, J. L. et al. · archived
240. Passive vs. Active Safety Belt Systems in Volkswagen Rabbits: A Comparison of Owner Use Habits and Attitudes · 1976 · Westefeld, Albert, 1913- et al. · archived
241. Using Haptic Feedback to Increase Seat Belt Use of Service Vehicle Drivers · 2011 · Van Houten, Ron et al. · archived
242. Pilot Study to Assess Sustained and Multifaceted Traffic Safety Activity on North Dakota's Rural Roads · 2011 · Huseth, Andrea et al. · archived
243. Influence of an enforcement campaign on seat-belt and helmet wearing, karachi-hala highway, pakistan. ↗ · 2011 · Bhatti, Junaid A et al. · indexed
244. Papers on Adult Seat Belts–Effectiveness and Use · 1988 · Partyka, Susan C. · archived
245. Identifying Strategies to Improve the Effectiveness of Booster Seat Laws · 2008 · Decina, L. E. (Larry E.) et al. · archived
246. Effectiveness of Seat Belts in Reducing Injuries · 2007 · Dissanayake, Sunanda et al. · archived
247. Motivation of Employers to Encourage Their Employees to Use Safety Belts (Phase 2) · 1983 · Ware, Anita et al. · archived
248. A brief tailored family-centered seat belt intervention for hospitalized trauma patients. · 2010 · Ehrlich, Peter F. et al. · archived
249. Results of Transport Canada’s September 2002 Survey of Seat Belt Use in Rural Areas of the Country · 2003 · NHTSA · archived
250. Synthesis of Studies That Relate Amount of Enforcement to Magnitude Of Safety Outcomes · 2022 · Taylor, Catherine et al. · archived
251. Papers on adult seat belts : effectiveness and use · 1988 · Partyka, Susan C. · archived
252. Investigating the role of health belief model on seat belt use for front seat passengers on urban and rural roads ↗ · 2022 · Zabihi, Farimah et al. · indexed
253. Identifying Strategies to Reduce the Percentage of Unrestrained Young Children · 2009 · Decina, Lawrence E. et al. · archived
254. Seat belt and child restraint use in a developing country metropolitan city ↗ · 2018 · Ojo, Thomas Kolawole · indexed
255. National occupant protection use survey 2000 : controlled intersection study · 2001 · Bondy, N. et al. · archived
256. Seat belt wearing rates in Victoria: 1994 ↗ · 1996 · Diamantopoulou, Kathy et al. · indexed
257. Evaluation of New York State's Mandatory Occupant Restraint Law: Volume III: Observational Surveys of Safety Restraint Use by Children in New York State · 1986 · Rood, Debra H. et al. · archived
258. Seat Belt Use, Race, and Hispanic Origin [Traffic Tech] · 2021 · NHTSA · archived
259. 2006 Seat Belt Use Estimate for Native American Tribal Reservations · 2008 · Chaffe, Robert H. B. et al. · archived
260. Use of Seatbelts and Observable Factors among Public Transport Drivers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ↗ · 2022 · Takele, Semegnew et al. · indexed
261. The use of safety restraint systems in Virginia by occupants under 16 years of age : summer 1998. · 1999 · Stoke, Charles B · archived
262. Seat belts : their use among drivers killed in fatal crashes in Virginia. · 1974 · Lynn, Cheryl et al. · archived
263. Child Passenger Safety State of Knowledge: A Literature Review · 2026 · Passarge, Pamela et al. · archived
264. A study of students’ use of restraint systems in school transportation services in primary and secondary schools in northern Iran: an observational study · 2021 · Yousefzade-Chabok, Shahrokh et al. · archived
265. Results of Transport Canada's September 2009 Survey of Seat Belt use in Rural Areas of the Country · 2010 · NHTSA · archived
266. Reducing Nonuse of Restraints by Children Ages 5 to 7 [Traffic Tech] · 2010 · NHTSA · archived
267. Year 1 of the Washington Nighttime Seat Belt Enforcement Program [Traffic Tech] · 2010 · NHTSA · archived
268. Evaluation of Safety Belt Education Program for Employees · 1980 · Phillips, Benjamin M. · archived
269. Results of Transport Canada's September 2006 Survey of Seat Belt Use in Rural Areas of the Country · 2007 · NHTSA · archived
270. Compendium of Traffic Safety Research Projects 1985–2013 · 2014 · Agimi, Yll et al. · archived
271. A Guide for Traffic Safety Practitioners: Best Practices for Increasing Seat Belt Use in Rural Communities [Traffic Tech] · 2023 · NHTSA · archived
272. Rear seat belt use in the United Arab Emirates ↗ · 2019 · Bendak, Salaheddine et al. · indexed
273. The Impact of The Rear Seat Belt Use on Traffic Safety in the UAE ↗ · 2020 · Najah, Arwa et al. · indexed
274. Motivation of Employers to Encourage Their Employees to Use Safety Belts (Phase 1) · 1982 · Orme, Ted et al. · archived
275. Nighttime Seat Belt Enforcement: A How-To Guide and Case Study Summary [Traffic Tech] · 2024 · NHTSA · archived
276. The Latent Class Multinomial Logit Model for Modeling Front-Seat Passenger Seatbelt Choice, Considering Seatbelt Status of Driver ↗ · 2021 · Rezapour, Mahdi et al. · indexed
277. Communicating Highway Safety: What Works · 2002 · Rodriguez, Lulu et al. · archived
278. Documenting How States Recently Upgraded to Primary Seat Belt Laws · 2011 · St. Louis, Renee M. et al. · archived
279. The use of safety restraint systems in Virginia by occupants under 16 years of age : Summer 1997. · 1998 · Stoke, Charles B · archived
280. Occupants’ seatbelt use are related to vehicle type and usage on a Ghanaian university campus ↗ · 2018 · Ojo, Thomas K. et al. · indexed
281. An Assessment of Traffic Safety Culture Related to Engagement in Efforts to Improve Traffic Safety [Summary Report] · 2016 · Ward, Nic et al. · archived
282. A joint econometric analysis of seat belt use and crash-related injury severity ↗ · 2007 · Eluru, Naveen et al. · indexed
283. IMPROVING THE DRIVING PRACTICES OF PIZZA DELIVERERS: RESPONSE GENERALIZATION AND MODERATING EFFECTS OF DRIVING HISTORY ↗ · 1991 · Ludwig, Timothy D. et al. · indexed
284. New Materials Promote Safety Belt Usage · 1977 · NHTSA · archived
285. The Relation Between Perceived Risk and Preventive Action: A Within‐Subject Analysis of Perceived Driving Risk and Intentions to Wear Seatbelts ↗ · 1990 · Stasson, Mark et al. · indexed
286. Strategies to Increase the Use of Child Safety Seats among Toddlers. Volume 1 · 1987 · Kernish, Robert et al. · archived
287. 2001 Safety Belt Usage Survey in Kentucky · 2001 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
288. Evaluation of Child Safety Seat Enforcement Strategies · 1989 · NHTSA · archived
289. Results of Transport Canada's July 2001 survey of seat belt use in Canada · 2001 · NHTSA · archived
290. A Comparison of the Comfort and Convenience of Automatic Safety Belt Systems among Selected 1988–1989 Model Year Automobiles · 1989 · Finn, Peter, 1940- et al. · archived
291. North Dakota Statewide Traffic Safety Survey, 2012 : Traffic Safety Performance Measures for State and Federal Agencies · 2012 · Vachal, Kimberly et al. · archived
292. Local Police Enforcement, Public Information and Education Strategies to Foster More and Proper Use of Child Safety Seats by Toddlers: Evaluation of a Demonstration Project · 1994 · Decina, L. E. (Larry E.) et al. · archived
293. Underutilization of occupant restraint systems in motor vehicle injury crashes: A quantitative analysis from Qatar ↗ · 2016 · El-Menyar, Ayman et al. · indexed
294. Association between road safety habits and risky health behaviours in Latvian adult population · 2022 · Bukova-Zideluna, Aija et al. · archived
295. Synthesis of Studies That Relate Amount of Enforcement to Magnitude of Safety Outcomes [Traffic Tech] · 2022 · NHTSA · archived
296. Determining the Relationship of Primary Seat Belt Laws to Minority Ticketing · 2011 · Tison, Julie et al. · archived
297. Nighttime Seat Belt Enforcement: A How-To Guide and Case Study Summary · 2024 · Miller, Richard J et al. · archived
298. An Investigation of Safety Belt Usage and Effectiveness · 1975 · Hochberg, Yosef et al. · archived
299. An Assessment of Traffic Safety Culture Related to Engagement in Efforts to Improve Traffic Safety [Final Report] · 2016 · Otto, Jay et al. · archived
300. Determinants of Mobile Phone Use and Seat Belt Non-compliance Among Vehicle Drivers in Nigeria: An Observational Study ↗ · 2022 · Akinyemi, Yingigba Chioma · indexed
301. The Impact of a Child Passenger Restraint Law and a Public Information and Education Program on Child Passenger Safety in Tennessee · 1980 · Perry, Randy L. et al. · archived
302. 2006 safety belt usage survey in Kentucky. · 2006 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
303. Effectiveness of High School Safety Belt Instruction · 1982 · Cushman, William D. et al. · archived
304. Seat Belt Legislation and Seat Belt Effectiveness in the Federal Republic of Germany ↗ · 1987 · MARBURGER, ERNST A. et al. · indexed
305. Fatality reduction by safety belts for front-seat occupants of cars and light trucks : updated and expanded estimates based on 1986-99 FARS data · 2000 · Kahane, C. J. · archived
306. Passenger car size and driver seat belt use. ↗ · 1983 · O'Neill, B et al. · indexed
307. Identification of safety belt restraint usage characteristics related to four- to thirteen-year-olds. · 2013 · Dissanayake, Sunanda et al. · archived
308. Seat Belt Use in North Dakota, 2025 · 2025 · Andersen, Jaclyn et al. · archived
309. 2005 safety belt usage survey in Kentucky. · 2005 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
310. 2009 safety belt usage survey in Kentucky. · 2009 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
311. Evaluation of Community-Oriented Enforcement Demonstration Projects [Traffic Tech] · 2023 · NHTSA · archived
312. National roadside survey of child restraint system use in Belgium ↗ · 2013 · Roynard, Mathieu et al. · indexed
313. Drivers Characteristics with Respect to Accident Involvement and Seat Belt Utilization ↗ · 2002 · Al-Madani, Hashim M.N. et al. · indexed
314. 2010 safety belt usage survey in Kentucky. · 2010 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
315. Automobile Safety Belt Activities Book · 1972 · Haughey, Betty Ellen et al. · archived
316. Seat Belt Attitudes, Habits, and Behaviors: An Adaptive Amendment to the Fishbein Model ↗ · 1983 · And, John Wttenbraker et al. · indexed
317. Seatbelt Use and Speeding among Crash-Involved versus Crash-Free Drivers and the Effects of Annual Driving Distance ↗ · 2022 · Shehab, Mahdi · indexed
318. Evaluation of Community-Oriented Enforcement Demonstration Projects · 2023 · Decina, Lawrence E. et al. · archived
319. Evaluation of Buckle Up Phone Down in Jackson, Mississippi, and Sioux Falls, South Dakota · 2026 · Raymond, Paula D. et al. · archived
320. Prevalence of seat belt use among reproductive-aged women and prenatal counseling to wear seat belts ↗ · 2005 · Beck, Laurie F. et al. · indexed
321. 2004 safety belt usage survey in Kentucky. · 2004 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
322. North Dakota Statewide Traffic Safety Survey, 2011 : Traffic Safety Performance Measures for State and Federal Agencies · 2011 · Vachal, Kimberly et al. · archived
323. How would increasing seat belt use affect the number of killed or seriously injured light vehicle occupants? ↗ · 2016 · Høye, Alena · indexed
324. 2000 Safety Belt Usage Survey in Kentucky · 2000 · Agent, Kenneth R. · archived
325. 2003 safety belt usage survey in Kentucky. · 2003 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
326. Too Small for a Seatbelt: Predictors of Booster Seat Use by Child Passengers ↗ · 2003 · Ebel, Beth E. et al. · indexed
327. 2008 safety belt usage survey in Kentucky. · 2008 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
328. 2007 safety belt usage survey in Kentucky. · 2007 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
329. Effects of Seat Belt Usage on Injury Pattern and Outcome of Vehicle Occupants After Road Traffic Collisions: Prospective Study ↗ · 2011 · Abu‐Zidan, Fikri M. et al. · indexed
330. Barriers to correct child restraint use: A qualitative study of child restraint users and their needs · 2018 · Hall, Alexandra et al. · archived
331. Public Awareness Survey Recommendations of the NHTSA-GHSA Working Group · 2011 · Hedlund, J. et al. · archived
332. Summary Report: Field Test of Combined Speed, Alcohol, and Safety Belt Enforcement Strategies · 1995 · Jones, R et al. · archived
333. Countermeasures That Work: A Highway Safety Countermeasure Guide for State Highway Safety Offices, Fourth Edition, 2009 · 2009 · NHTSA · archived
334. Belt Use: Comparison of NASS-CDS and Police Crash Reports ↗ · 2009 · Viano, David C. et al. · indexed
335. Driver Attitudes and Choices: Speed Limits, Seat Belt Use, and Drinking-and-Driving ↗ · 2010 · Kweon, Young-Jun et al. · indexed
336. North Dakota Statewide Traffic Safety Survey, 2010 : Traffic Safety Performance Measures for State and Federal Agencies · 2010 · Vachal, Kimberly et al. · archived
337. Compendium of Traffic Safety Research Projects: 1985-1995 and Beyond · 1996 · NHTSA · archived
338. More Cops More Stops: Evaluation of a Combined Enforcement Program in Oklahoma and Tennessee · 2016 · Nichols, James L. et al. · archived
339. The effectiveness of seat belt legislation in reducing various driver-involved injury rates in California∗ ↗ · 1993 · Loeb, Peter D. · indexed
340. The constitutionality of mandatory seat belt laws. · 1986 · Booz, Mark L · archived
341. Compendium of Traffic Safety Research Projects: 1987–1997 · 1997 · NHTSA · archived
342. Feasibility of Modeling the Relationship between Seat Belt Program Inputs and Outcomes · 2018 · Romano, Eduardo et al. · archived
343. Countermeasures That Work: A Highway Safety Countermeasure Guide For State Highway Safety Offices, Sixth Edition, 2011 · 2011 · NHTSA · archived
344. Premature graduation of children in child restraint systems: An observational study ↗ · 2007 · Vesentini, Lara et al. · indexed
345. Changes in child safety restraint use and parental driving behaviours in Italy ↗ · 2008 · Collarile, Paolo et al. · indexed
346. Road Traffic Violations and Seat Belt Use in Kuwait: Study of Driver Behavior in Motion ↗ · 1998 · Koushki, P. A. et al. · indexed
347. 2017 safety belt usage survey in Kentucky. · 2017 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
348. 2006 Motor Vehicle Occupant Protection Facts · 2008 · NHTSA · archived
349. 2010 driver attitudes and awareness survey. · 2010 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
350. Local and Rural Road Safety Briefing Sheets - Behavioral Safety Strategies for Drivers on Rural Roads · 2014 · NHTSA · archived
351. Patterns of Misuse of Child Safety Seats · 1996 · Decina, L. E. (Larry E.) et al. · archived
352. Defining Contextual Variables Related to Seat Belt Use in Fatal Crashes [Traffic Tech] · 2021 · NHTSA · archived
353. 2016 safety belt usage survey in Kentucky. · 2016 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
354. Countermeasures That Work: A Highway Safety Countermeasure Guide for State Highway Safety Offices, Seventh Edition, 2013 · 2013 · Goodwin, Arthur H. et al. · archived
355. Seat Belts and the Law: Mandatory Use Laws and the Legal Consequences of Non-Use · 1990 · Bohan, Barry F. et al. · archived
356. Public Attitudes toward Passive Restraints · 1978 · Hart, Peter D. · archived
357. Impact of Travel Patterns and Driving Behavior on Crash Involvement · 1983 · Benson, Stephen D. · archived
358. Effects of mandatory seatbelt use laws on highway fatalities in 1985 · 1987 · Hoxie, Paul et al. · archived
359. Nonconformities in Real-World Fatal Crashes— Electronic Stability Control and Seat Belt Reminders ↗ · 2012 · Lie, Anders · indexed
360. The Premature Graduation of Children from Child Restraints to Vehicle Safety Belts · 2000 · Winston, Flaura K. et al. · archived
361. Feasibility Planning Study for a Behavior Database. Volume III Appendix B, Compendium of Survey Questions on Drinking and Driving and Occupant Restraints · 1987 · Wolfe, Arthur C. et al. · archived
362. Countermeasures That Work: A Highway Safety Countermeasure Guide for State Highway Safety Offices, Eighth Edition, 2015 · 2015 · Goodwin, Arthur H. et al. · archived
363. Casualty Risk Reduction from Safety Seat Belts in a Desert Country ↗ · 1994 · Bener, A. et al. · indexed
364. Effectiveness and Acceptance of Enhanced Seat Belt Reminder Systems: Characteristics of Optimal Reminder Systems ↗ · 2009 · Freedman, Mark et al. · indexed
365. Child Restraint use and Seating Position in Motor Vehicles: An Observational Survey in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria ↗ · 2024 · Akinyemi, Yingigba et al. · indexed
366. Observed Patterns of Misuse of Child Safety Seats · 1996 · NHTSA · archived
367. Safety belt and motorcycle helmet use in Virginia : the 2000 update. · 2000 · Stoke, Charles B · archived
368. 2014 safety belt usage survey in Kentucky. · 2014 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
369. Predictors of seatbelt use in American Indian motor vehicle crash trauma victims on and off the reservation ↗ · 2007 · Gross, Eric A. et al. · indexed
370. Countermeasures That Work: A Highway Safety Countermeasure Guide for State Highway Safety Offices, 11th Edition, 2023 · 2023 · Kirley, Bevan et al. · archived
371. Countermeasures That Work: A Highway Safety Countermeasure Guide for State Highway Safety Offices, 10th Edition, 2020 · 2021 · Venkatraman, Vindhya et al. · archived
372. An investigation of behavioural adaptation to airbags and antilock brakes among taxi drivers ↗ · 1997 · Sagberg, Fridulv et al. · indexed
373. Child Passenger Safety State of Knowledge: A Literature Review [Traffic Tech] · 2026 · NHTSA · archived
374. Driver hand-held mobile phone use and safety belt use ↗ · 2003 · Eby, David W et al. · indexed
375. Compendium of Research and Evaluations in Traffic Safety Published · 1996 · NHTSA · archived
376. Traffic Safety Facts - Research Note: Additional Analysis of National Child Restraint Use Special Study: Characteristics of Those Not Restrained · 2018 · Raymond, Paula D. et al. · archived
377. Designing and evaluating a persuasive child restraint television commercial · 2016 · Lewis, Ioni et al. · archived
378. Countermeasures That Work: A Highway Safety Countermeasure Guide for State Highway Safety Offices, Ninth Edition, 2017 · 2018 · Richard, Christian M. et al. · archived
379. 2016 Motor Vehicle Occupant Safety Survey; Volume 1, Methodology Report · 2019 · Bailly, Kisha et al. · archived
380. More Cops More Stops: Evaluation of a Combined HVE Program in Oklahoma and Tennessee [Traffic Tech] · 2016 · NHTSA · archived
381. Kansas Adult Observational Safety Belt Usage Rates · 2011 · NHTSA · archived
382. Comparison of reporting of seat belt use by police and crash investigators: variation in agreement by injury severity ↗ · 2004 · Schiff, Melissa A. et al. · indexed
383. IMPACT OF THE NEW ZEALAND SEAT BELT LAW ↗ · 1991 · Garbacz, Christopher · indexed
384. Safety Belt Use Estimate for Native American Tribal Reservations · 2005 · Leaf, W. A. et al. · archived
385. North Dakota Statewide Traffic Safety Survey, 2021: Traffic Safety Performance Measures for State and Federal Agencies · 2021 · Vachal, Kimberly et al. · archived
386. North Dakota Statewide Traffic Safety Survey, 2025: Traffic Safety Performance Measures for State and Federal Agencies · 2025 · Vachal, Kimberly et al. · archived
387. Safety belt and motorcycle helmet use in Virginia : the Summer 2005 update. · 2005 · Lynn, Cheryl et al. · archived
388. A direct observation of the use of child safety seats in metropolitan areas of Virginia during summer 1993 : final report. · 1994 · Stoke, Charles B · archived
389. Urban safety restraint use by infants and children under 16 years of age in Virginia : the 2002 survey results. · 2003 · Lynn, Cheryl et al. · archived
390. Comparison between the risks in road safety behaviour in urban and rural areas in Latvia in 2016 · 2019 · Bukova-Zideluna, Aija et al. · archived
391. 2015 safety belt usage survey in Kentucky. · 2015 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
392. High Five Rural Seat Belt Program Demonstration and Evaluation · 2026 · Elliott, Kim R et al. · archived
393. Booster Seat Law Enforcement: Examples from Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Washington · 2010 · Decina, Lawrence E. et al. · archived
394. Misuse of Child Restraints · 2004 · Decina, L. E. (Larry E.) et al. · archived
395. Defining Contextual Variables Related to Seat Belt Use in Fatal Crashes · 2021 · Raymond, Paula et al. · archived
396. Counseling about Proper Use of Motor Vehicle Occupant Restraints and Avoidance of Alcohol Use while Driving: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement ↗ · 2007 · U.S. Preventive Services Task Force* · indexed
397. Safety belt and motorcycle helmet use in Virginia : the December 2003 update. · 2004 · Kennedy, Jami L et al. · archived
398. Safety belt and motorcycle helmet use in Virginia : the December 2002 update. · 2003 · Lynn, Cheryl et al. · archived
399. North Dakota Statewide Traffic Safety Survey, 2024: Traffic Safety Performance Measures for State and Federal Agencies · 2024 · Vachal, Kimberly et al. · archived
400. Safety belt and motorcycle helmet use in Virginia : the Summer 2008 update. · 2008 · Lynn, Cheryl et al. · archived
401. North Dakota Statewide Traffic Safety Survey, 2022: Traffic Safety Performance Measures for State and Federal Agencies · 2022 · Vachal, Kimberly et al. · archived
402. Factors predicting incorrect use of restraints by children travelling in cars: a cluster randomised observational study ↗ · 2010 · Bilston, Lynne E. et al. · indexed
403. Safety belt and motorcycle helmet use in Virginia : the Summer 2004 update. · 2004 · Lynn, Cheryl et al. · archived
404. Site Report: Wichita, Kansas Field Test of Combined Speed, Alcohol, and Safety Belt Enforcement Strategies · 1995 · Jones, R. K. (Ralph K.) et al. · archived
405. A systemic analysis of the usage of safety items among Malaysian private vehicle users ↗ · 2016 · Jawi, Z.M. et al. · indexed
406. Seatbelt compliance and mortality in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries in comparison with other high-income countries ↗ · 2011 · Abbas, Alaa K. et al. · indexed
407. Traffic Safety Facts 1995: Occupant Protection · 1996 · NHTSA · archived
408. Legislating child restraint usage –Its effect on self-reported child restraint use rates in a central city ↗ · 2010 · Brixey, Suzanne et al. · indexed
409. Safety belt and motorcycle helmet use in Virginia : the Summer 2006 update. · 2006 · Lynn, Cheryl et al. · archived
410. Compendium of Highway Safety Questionnaire Items · 1980 · NHTSA · archived
411. Safety belt and motorcycle helmet use in Virginia : the Summer 2007 update. · 2007 · Kennedy, Jami L et al. · archived
412. Effects of in-vehicle monitoring on the driving behavior of teenagers ↗ · 2010 · Farmer, Charles M. et al. · indexed
413. Seatbelts and road traffic collision injuries · 2011 · Abbas, Alaa K. et al. · archived
414. The effect of seatbelt legislation on hospital admissions with road traffic injuries in an oil-rich, fast-developing country ↗ · 2007 · Bener, Abdulbari et al. · indexed
415. Urban safety restraint use by infants, preschoolers, and older children in Virginia : the 2004 survey results. · 2005 · Lynn, Cheryl et al. · archived
416. Safety belt and motorcycle helmet use in Virginia : the 2002 update. · 2002 · Lynn, Cheryl · archived
417. 116 Variation in drivers’ seat belt use by community-level social vulnerability ↗ · 2022 · Sartin, Emma et al. · indexed
418. A Statistical Analysis of Seat Belt Effectiveness in 1973–1975 Model Cars Involved in Towaway Crashes. Volume 1 · 1976 · Reinfurt, Donald W. et al. · archived
419. Safety belt and motorcycle helmet use in Virginia : the 1996 update. · 1996 · Stoke, Charles B · archived
420. Buckle Up Phone Down in Jackson, Mississippi and Sioux Falls, South Dakota [Traffic Tech] · 2026 · Tucker, Annette et al. · archived
421. Use of child safety seats in metropolitan areas of Virginia during summer 1994 : final report. · 1994 · Stoke, Charles B · archived
422. Evaluation of the Comfort and Convenience of Safety Belt Systems in 1980 and 1981 Model Vehicles · 1981 · Tom, J. C. et al. · archived
423. Consumer awareness, trust and cultural challenges in the use of child car seats in Iran: Current status and improvement strategies. · 2026 · Nasirabadi, EZ et al. · archived
424. Pediatric Seat Belt Use in Motor Vehicle Collisions: The Need for Driver Education Programs ↗ · 2020 · Elkbuli, Adel et al. · indexed
425. 2016 Motor Vehicle Occupant Safety Survey; Volume 3: Child Passenger Safety Report · 2020 · Martin, Kelly et al. · archived
426. Use of child safety seats in metropolitan areas of Virginia during Summer 1996. · 1997 · Stoke, Charles B · archived
427. Factors Influencing Booster Seat Use in a Multiethnic Community: Lessons for Program Implementation ↗ · 2009 · Johnston, Brian D. et al. · indexed
428. 2007 Motor Vehicle Occupant Safety Survey: Volume 5: Child Safety Seat Report · 2009 · Boyle, John M. et al. · archived
429. Impacts of culture on driver knowledge and safety device usage among Hispanic farm workers ↗ · 1999 · Stiles, Martha C. et al. · indexed
430. Child restraint device use and misuse in Michigan · 1997 · Eby, David W. et al. · archived
431. Safety belt and motorcycle helmet use in Virginia : the 1999 update · 1999 · Stoke, Charles B. · archived
432. Guidance on Messaging to Avoid Psychological Reactance and Address Moral Disengagement · 2021 · Otto, Jay et al. · archived
433. Driver Report of Improper Seat Belt Position Among 4- to 9-Year-old Children ↗ · 2011 · Macy, Michelle L. et al. · indexed
434. National occupant protection use survey : controlled intersection detailed study · 1997 · NHTSA · archived
435. Public Supports Traffic Safety Laws and Their Active Enforcement · 1996 · NHTSA · archived
436. 2000 Motor Vehicle Occupant Safety Survey. Volume 5, Child Safety Seat Report · 2002 · Block, Alan W. · archived
437. North Dakota Statewide Traffic Safety Survey, 2023: Traffic Safety Performance Measures for State and Federal Agencies · 2023 · Vachal, Kimberly et al. · archived
438. Safety First: Safety Precautions on a Rural Road · 2005 · Lewis, Sherman et al. · archived
439. The constitutionality of mandatory seat belt use legislation. · 1972 · Ames, W. Allen. · archived
440. Countermeasures That Work – Child Passenger Safety [Traffic Tech] · 2021 · NHTSA · archived
441. Consumer Acceptance of the Volvo Passive Belt System ↗ · 1972 · Bohlin, Nils et al. · indexed
442. Epidemiology of Motor Vehicle Injuries in Suffolk County, New York before and after Enactment of the New York State Seat Belt Use Law · 1989 · Barancik, J. I. et al. · archived
443. Safety belt and motorcycle helmet use in Virginia : results of the 1992 through 1995 surveys. · 1995 · Stoke, Charles B · archived
444. The Effects of Seat Belt Legislation on British Road Casualties: A Case Study in Structural Time Series Modelling ↗ · 1986 · Harvey, Andrew et al. · indexed
445. Traffic safety issues in North Dakota : phase II : driver knowledge, attitude, behavior and beliefs : focus group : young male drivers · 2008 · VanWechel, Tamara et al. · archived
446. Safety attitudes, behaviour, anxiety and perceived control among professional and non-professional drivers ↗ · 2012 · Nordfjærn, Trond et al. · indexed
447. Child Restraint Use Survey: LATCH Use and Misuse · 2006 · Decina, L. E. (Larry E.) et al. · archived
448. Seat Belts: 1949-1956 · 1979 · Ronan, Larry · archived
449. Effects of Information on Risk Perception regarding the Use of Booster Seats ↗ · 2001 · Stevens, Suzanne L. et al. · indexed
450. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Child Safety Restraints · 1987 · Hall, William L. (William Leslie), 1952- · archived
451. Evaluation of effectiveness of safety seatbelt legislation in the United Arab Emirates ↗ · 2003 · El-Sadig, Mohammed et al. · indexed
452. FMCSA's Advanced System Testing Utilizing a Data Acquisition System on the Highways (FAST DASH) Safety Technology Evaluation Project #2: Technology Brief · 2016 · NHTSA · archived
453. Systematic review of child passenger safety laws and their associations with child restraint system use, injuries and deaths · 2021 · Sartin, Emma B et al. · archived
454. Preliminary Data Indicate That Booster Seat Laws Increase Child Safety Seat Use · 2007 · NHTSA · archived
455. Child restraint system use and misuse in six states ↗ · 2005 · Decina, L E et al. · indexed
456. An Instructional Guide for Building a High Five Rural Seat Belt Program · 2026 · Elliott, Kim R et al. · archived
457. Safety belt and motorcycle helmet use in Virginia : the 1998 update. · 1998 · Stoke, C. B. · archived
458. Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration's Advanced System Testing Utilizing a Data Acquisition System on the Highways (FAST DASH) Safety Technology Evaluation Project #2: Driver Monitoring Final Report · 2016 · Krum, Andrew et al. · archived
459. Use and Misuse of Automobile Child Restraint Devices ↗ · 1992 · Margolis, Lewis H. · indexed
460. Safety belt and motorcycle helmet use in Virginia : the 2001 update. · 2001 · Jernigan, Jack D et al. · archived
461. Junior High School Occupant Protection Materials · 1989 · Edberg, Mark et al. · archived
462. Identification of Motivations for Unsafe Driving Actions and Potential Countermeasures · 1982 · Marks, M. E. (Mary E.) et al. · archived
463. Deep Learning Based Vehicle Seat Belt Detection Algorithm for Driver and Passenger Seat Occupants ↗ · 2022 · Feng, Weihua et al. · indexed
464. Analysis of Restraint Use by Children in Michigan · 1999 · Eby, David W et al. · archived
465. Pilot Project to Develop and Implement a Rural Youth Occupant Protection Education Platform · 2010 · Huseth, Andrea et al. · archived
466. Public Awareness Survey Recommendations of the NHTSA-GHSA Working Group [Traffic Tech] · 2010 · NHTSA · archived
467. School Bus Seat Belts and Carryover Effects in Elementary School Children · 2009 · Smither, Dereece D. et al. · archived
468. Evaluating teen driving knowledge and behaviors following educational outreach · 2020 · Monroe, Kathy et al. · archived
469. Enforcing Child Passenger Safety Laws: Eight Community Strategies · 1990 · NHTSA · archived
470. The Characteristics of Incorrect Restraint Use Among Children Traveling in Cars in New South Wales, Australia ↗ · 2010 · Brown, Julie et al. · indexed
471. Review of Risk Communication Strategies And Existing Alcohol-Impaired and Distracted Driving Safety Messages: Technical Report · 2023 · Zakrajsek, Jennifer et al. · archived
472. Awareness and Availability of Child Passenger Safety Information Resources · 2020 · Levi, Sharon et al. · archived
473. Attaining 100% Turn Signal Usage Using Low Cost Automated Driver-in-the-Loop System ↗ · 2009 · Ponziani, Richard L. · indexed
474. Effectiveness of Child Safety Seats vs Seat Belts in Reducing Risk for Death in Children in Passenger Vehicle Crashes ↗ · 2006 · Elliott, Michael R. et al. · indexed
475. Evaluation and comparison of parametric and non-parametric methods for driving behavior analysis ↗ · 2021 · Kasarla, Pranaykumar et al. · indexed
476. Safety belt and motorcycle helmet use in Virginia : results of the 1994 survey : technical assistance report. · 1994 · Stoke, Charles B · archived
477. Countermeasures That Work: An Introductory Resource for Rural Communities · 2024 · Kostrzewski, Holly et al. · archived
478. Effects of child restraint misuse on dynamic performance ↗ · 2019 · Manary, Miriam A. et al. · indexed
479. Strategic Highway Research Program and traffic safety on two continents. Conference in Gothenburg, Sweden, September 18-20, 1991. Part 4 : Simulation and measurement of operator and vehicle performance. Strategies to increase the use of restraint systems. Proceedings ↗ · 1991 · Asp, Kenneth · indexed
480. Proceedings of the National Transportation Safety Board Public Forum on Air Bags and Child Passenger Safety · 1997 · NHTSA · archived
481. Understanding Driver Responses to Automated Traffic Enforcement Systems: A Qualitative Analysis of Behavioral Adaptation and Traffic Safety Perceptions ↗ · 2026 · KABAKUŞ, Nuriye et al. · indexed
482. Belt-Positioning Booster Seats for Children: National Perspectives from Emergency Physicians and Parents · 2011 · Macy, Michelle L · archived
483. Evaluation of NHTSA Distracted Driving High-Visibility Enforcement Demonstration Projects in California and Delaware · 2015 · Chaudhary, Neil K. et al. · archived
484. Evaluation of NHTSA Distracted Driving Demonstration Projects in Connecticut and New York · 2012 · Chaudhary, Neil K. et al. · archived
485. North Dakota Statewide Traffic Safety Survey, 2011 : Issue Brief, Summer 2011 · 2011 · NHTSA · archived
486. Safety Study: The Performance and use of Child Restraint Systems, Seatbelts, and Air Bags for Children in Passenger Vehicles. Volume 1:Analysis · 1996 · NHTSA · archived
487. Traffic Safety Facts 1994: Occupant Protection · 1995 · NHTSA · archived
488. Safety belt and motorcycle helmet use in Virginia : results of the 1993 survey to qualify for incentive funds under ISTEA, Section 153. · 1993 · Stoke, Charles B et al. · archived
489. Side impact motor vehicle crashes: driver, passenger, vehicle and crash characteristics for fatally and nonfatally-injured rear-seated adults ↗ · 2016 · Liu, Chang et al. · indexed
490. Guidelines to observe and estimate statewide seat belt use at night. · 2010 · Chaudhary, Neil et al. · archived
491. Impact of safety belt use on road accident injury and injury type in Kuwait ↗ · 2002 · Koushki, Parviz A et al. · indexed
492. Estimation of seatbelt and frontal-airbag effectiveness in trucks : U.S. and Chinese perspectives. · 2013 · Hu, Jingwen et al. · archived
493. Recognizing the Common Problem of Child Automobile Restraint Misuse ↗ · 1988 · Margolis, Lewis H. et al. · indexed
494. Behavioural Adaptation to Mobile Phone Legislation: Could There Be Unintended Consequences of Partial Bans? · 2009 · Rudin-Brown, Christine M. et al. · archived
495. Evaluation of interventions to make top tether hardware more visible during child restraint system (CRS) installations ↗ · 2019 · Mansfield, Julie A. et al. · indexed
496. Temporal Trends in Indicators of Traffic Safety Culture among Drivers in the United States, 2009–2012 · 2013 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
497. Estimating alcohol involvement in fatal crashes in light of increases in restraint use · 1998 · Klein, Terry M. et al. · archived
498. Ticketing Aggressive Cars and Trucks in Washington State: High Visibility Enforcement Applied to Share the Road Safely · 2006 · Nerup, Penny et al. · archived
499. Use of Telephone Surveys to Determine Awareness of Tennessee’s Child Passenger Protection Law · 1980 · Philpot, John W. et al. · archived
500. Evaluation of devices to improve shoulder belt fit. · 1994 · Sullivan, Lisa K. et al. · archived
501. Observed use of tethers in forward-facing child restraint systems ↗ · 2011 · Jermakian, Jessica S et al. · indexed
502. Teaching adolescents safe driving and passenger behaviors: Effectiveness of the You Hold the Key Teen Driving Countermeasure ↗ · 2008 · King, Keith A. et al. · indexed
503. A Peer-to-Peer Traffic Safety Campaign Program · 2014 · Stanley, Laura et al. · archived
504. Reducing death on the road: the effects of minimum safety standards, publicized crash tests, seat belts, and alcohol. ↗ · 1996 · Robertson, Leon S. · indexed
505. Seat belt tension in child restraint system (CRS) installations with and without belt tensioning and lock-off features ↗ · 2025 · Mansfield, Julie A. et al. · indexed
506. North Carolina Seat Belt Law: Questions Commonly Asked. · 1999 · NHTSA · archived
507. Safety seat and seat belt use among child motor vehicle occupants, Cluj-Napoca, Romania ↗ · 2019 · Dulf, Diana et al. · indexed
508. Safety belt and motorcycle helmet use in Virginia : results of the 1992 survey to qualify for incentive funds under ISTEA, section 153. · 1993 · Jernigan, Jack D · archived
509. A Methodology for Analyzing General Categorical Data with Misclassification Errors with an Application in Studying Seat Belt Effectiveness · 1977 · Hochberg, Yosef · archived
510. Effects of high levels of obesity on driver seat belt fit : final report. · 2016 · Jones, Monica L. H. et al. · archived
511. A utility maximization model of driver traffic safety behavior ↗ · 1986 · Blomquist, Glenn · indexed
512. The constitutionality and effectiveness of legislation requiring child passenger restraints. · 1982 · Regan, Daniel John · archived
513. Four High-Visibility Enforcement Demonstration Waves in Connecticut and New York Reduce Hand-Held Phone Use · 2011 · Cosgrove, Linda et al. · archived
514. The impact of perceived safety, weather condition and convenience on motorcycle helmet use: The mediating role of traffic law enforcement and road safety education ↗ · 2023 · Akuh, Raymond et al. · indexed
515. Melbourne Drivers’ Observed Use of Mobile Phones: Could there be Unintended Consequences of Partial Bans? ↗ · 2017 · Rudin-Brown, Christina M. et al. · indexed
516. Child Restraint Use in Canadian Provinces With and Without Legislation in 2010 ↗ · 2013 · Simniceanu, Alice et al. · indexed
517. Investigation of the Use and Feasibility of Speed Warning Systems · 2014 · De Leonardis, D. et al. · archived
518. Health Promotion Interventions on Helmet Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pre-Test and Post-Test Studies · 2023 · Jahangiry, Leila et al. · archived
519. A Survey of Traffic Safety Culture Among Iowa Adults · 2012 · Gonnerman Jr, Melvin E et al. · archived
520. Determinants of child restraint system selection and installation practices: implications for injury prevention and public health implementation. ↗ · 2026 · Kopańska M et al. · indexed
521. Participant Characteristics and Speeding Behavior during an Advisory Warning and Cash Incentive Intervention ↗ · 2012 · Berlin, Sharon et al. · indexed
522. Teen driver support system (TDSS) field operational test : final report. · 2015 · Creaser, Janet et al. · archived
523. Evaluation of the ticketing aggressive cars and trucks (TACT) program in Pennsylvania (071408). · 2009 · NHTSA · archived
524. Direct observation of driving, self reports of driver behaviour, and accident involvement ↗ · 1993 · West, Robert et al. · indexed
525. The Impact of New Legislation on Child Restraint System (CRS) Misuse and Inappropriate Use in Australia ↗ · 2013 · Koppel, S. et al. · indexed
526. Child Restraint Workshop Series. Volume 1 · 1979 · Orr, Beverly T. et al. · archived
527. Attitudinal segmentaion of drivers in Pakistan: The potential for effective road safety campaigns · 2018 · Batool, Zahara et al. · archived
528. Evaluation of Five Years of GM Funding for Public Information and Education Programs · 2009 · Blomberg, Richard D. et al. · archived
529. Evaluation of Kentucky's "You Drink and Drive. You Lose" campaign · 2002 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
530. How traffic law enforcement can contribute to safer roads ↗ · 2016 · Adminaite, D et al. · indexed
531. 2001 traffic safety issues opinion survey. · 2002 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
532. Driver Response to Dynamic Message Sign Safety Campaign Messages · 2020 · Shealy, Tripp et al. · archived
533. Capital Beltway Update: Beltway User Focus Groups · 1998 · NHTSA · archived
534. The influence of harness type on child restraint system misuse. ↗ · 2002 · Arbogast, Kristy B. et al. · indexed
535. Determinants of Behavior of Students as Pedestrian and Car Occupants in Relation to Traffic Laws in 2013, Gorgan, Iran; An Application of Health Belief Model ↗ · 2014 · Heshmati, Hashem et al. · indexed
536. Seat belt-related injuries: A surgical perspective ↗ · 2017 · Masudi, Tahir et al. · indexed
537. North Dakota Statewide Traffic Safety Survey, 2010 : Issue Brief, August 2010 · 2010 · NHTSA · archived
538. Update to Special Reports on Traffic Safety during the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency: Third Quarter Data: Third Quarter Data [Traffic Safety Facts] · 2021 · NHTSA · archived
539. Misuse of booster seats · 2000 · Morris, Shannon D et al. · archived
540. Correct Use of Three-Point Seatbelt by Pregnant Occupants ↗ · 2017 · Acar, B. Serpil et al. · indexed
541. Effects of Driver Characteristics on Seat Belt Fit ↗ · 2013 · Reed, Matthew P. et al. · indexed
542. 2014 Traffic Safety Culture Index · 2015 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
543. Investigation of Behavioral Adaptation to Lane Departure Warnings ↗ · 2002 · Rudin-Brown, Christina M. et al. · indexed
544. Child Passenger Safety Perception and Practices in Ride-Sharing Vehicles · 2024 · De Leonardis, Doreen et al. · archived
545. Survivors of motor vehicle trauma ↗ · 1993 · Redelmeier, Donald A. et al. · indexed
546. Community-based programs to promote car seat restraints in children 0–16 years – a systematic review ↗ · 2005 · Turner, Cathy et al. · indexed
547. Estimated medical cost savings in Utah by implementation of a primary seat belt law · 2010 · Chaudhary, Neil et al. · archived
548. Media Messages and Tools to Reduce Serious Single Vehicle Run-Off-the-Road Crashes Resulting from Impaired Driving · 2012 · Linkenbach, Jeff W. et al. · archived
549. In-vehicle nudging for increased Adaptive Cruise Control use: a field study · 2024 · Gustavsson, Pär et al. · archived
550. Observed LATCH use and misuse characteristics of child restraint systems in seven states ↗ · 2007 · Decina, Lawrence E. et al. · indexed
551. Passenger vehicle driver cell phone use : results from the fall 2000 National Occupant Protection Use Survey · 2001 · Utter, Dennis · archived
552. Evaluating the Enforceability of Texting Laws: Strategies Tested in Connecticut and Massachusetts · 2017 · Retting, Richard et al. · archived
553. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards Road Traffic Regulations Among University Students, Malaysia · 2010 · Aa, Redhwan et al. · archived
554. 4D.001 Innovating road safety communication: Identifying engagement factors for motivating safer driver behaviour ↗ · 2021 · Carroll, Tom et al. · indexed
555. Young and unaffected by road policing strategies: Using deterrence theory to explain provisional drivers’ (non)compliance ↗ · 2015 · Bates, Lyndel et al. · indexed
556. 249 Alaska young driver safety: distracted driving, seat belt use and drinking and driving interventions ↗ · 2016 · Savage, Shannon et al. · indexed
557. Guidelines for Developing a High-Visibility Enforcement Campaign to Reduce Unsafe Driving Behaviors among Drivers of Passenger and Commercial Motor Vehicles: A Selective Traffic Enforcement Program (STEP) Based on the Ticketing Aggressive Cars and Trucks (TACT) Pilot Project · 2007 · NHTSA · archived
558. Development and Evaluation of a Belt Restraint System for Small Cars Using Force Limiting · 1979 · Walsh, Michael J. et al. · archived
559. Investigation of predictors of air pollution-reducing behaviors among taxi drivers in Tehran based on the health belief model in 2024 · 2025 · Mokhtari, Mohammadreza et al. · archived
560. Driving Behaviors and On-Duty Road Accidents: A French Case-Control Study ↗ · 2013 · Fort, Emmanuel et al. · indexed
561. Matching Countermeasures to Driver Types and Speeding Behavior · 2017 · Richard, Christian M. et al. · archived
562. A risky treat: exploring parental perceptions of the barriers to seating their children in the rear seats of passenger vehicles · 2007 · Lennon, Alexia · archived
563. 2012 Traffic Safety Culture Index · 2013 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
564. Two Community Distracted Driving Programs Reduce Hand-Held Phone Use [Traffic Tech] · 2014 · NHTSA · archived
565. Seatbelt detection based on cascade Adaboost classifier ↗ · 2013 · Li, Wei et al. · indexed
566. Estimated Medical Cost Savings in New Hampshire by Implementation of a Primary Seat Belt Law · 2008 · Chaudhary, Neil K. et al. · archived
567. Traffic Safety Materials Catalog: 2004 [NHTSA] · 2004 · NHTSA · archived
568. PROSPECTS FOR ELECTRONIC COMPLIANCE WITH BELT FIT REQUIREMENTS ↗ · 1998 · Noy, Y. Ian · indexed
569. Slow Down, Move Over Laws: Investigating Factors Influencing Drivers’ Behavior and Compliance · 2025 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
570. 31 Use of protective devices among motor vehicle crashes ↗ · 2015 · El-Menyar, Ayman et al. · indexed
571. Understanding school zone driving behavior using structural equation modeling based on the extended theory of planned behavior · 2025 · Khan, Muhammad Hakim et al. · archived
572. Improving traffic safety culture in Iowa : phase II. · 2013 · Albrecht, Chris et al. · archived
573. 2008 Traffic Safety Culture Index · 2008 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
574. Population-level estimates of child restraint practices among children aged 0–12 years in NSW, Australia ↗ · 2010 · Brown, Julie et al. · indexed
575. Evaluating the Effect of a Mechanical Adjunct to Improve the Installation of Child Restraint Systems to Vehicles ↗ · 2015 · Mirman, Jessica H. et al. · indexed
576. Restraint Use and Injury Patterns of Young Drivers and Passengers Admitted to Hospitals in New South Wales, Australia ↗ · 2014 · Brown, Julie et al. · indexed
577. 2011 National Survey of Speeding Attitudes and Behaviors · 2013 · Schroeder, Paul et al. · archived
578. Drinking-driving attitudes, knowledge and behavior : an analysis of the first two telephone surveys of the Fairfax Alcohol Safety Action Project. · 1976 · Lynn, Cheryl · archived
579. Summary of vehicle occupant protections laws · 2007 · NHTSA · archived
580. 2008 traffic safety culture index · 2008 · NHTSA · archived
581. Estimation of Driver's Posture Using Body Pressure Level from Seat Belt ↗ · 2010 · Imai, Akihiro et al. · indexed
582. Effect of Seat Belts and Shoulder Harnesses on Functional Arm Reach ↗ · 1982 · Garg, Arun et al. · indexed
583. Attitudes of Virginians toward transportation safety : results of the 1978 transportation safety opinion poll : final report. · 1979 · Lynn, Cheryl · archived
584. Seat Belt Buckle Release Force: Cause for Entrapment? ↗ · 1993 · Noy, Y. Ian · indexed
585. Passenger muscle responses in lane change and lane change with braking maneuvers using two belt configurations: Standard and reversible pre-pretensioner ↗ · 2019 · Ghaffari, Ghazaleh et al. · indexed
586. The Effects of Belt Use and Driver Characteristics on Injury Risk in Frontal Airbag Crashes ↗ · 2001 · Huelke, Donald F. · indexed
587. Testing of Seats and Seat Belts for Rollover Protection Systems in Motor Vehicles ↗ · 1998 · Arndt, Mark W. · indexed
588. Development of Oblique Restraint Countermeasures · 2019 · Hu, Jingwen et al. · archived
589. 448 Using health belief model to explain speeding behaviour among Omani male drivers ↗ · 2016 · Maniri, Abdullah Al et al. · indexed
590. Development of a Surrogate Shoulder Belt Retractor for Sled Testing of Booster Seats · 2019 · Manary, Miriam A. et al. · archived
591. Highway safety attitudes of Virginians : Results of the 1977 highway safety public opinion poll, final Report. · 1978 · Lynn, Cheryl · archived
592. Road Traffic Accidents in Iraq and the Seat Belts Benefit in Minimizing the Injuries ↗ · 2023 · Tofiq, Ali Hakeem et al. · indexed
593. A Computational Investigation on Seat Belt Use for Pregnant Drivers in Airbag Equipped Automobiles ↗ · 2010 · Acar, B. Serpil et al. · indexed
594. High-Visibility Enforcement: Assessing Change and Identifying Opportunities · 2021 · Byrne, Angie et al. · archived
595. Ingress Clearance Requirements and Seat Positioning for Automatic Belt Systems · 1981 · Woodson, Wesley E. et al. · archived
596. THREE DIMENSIONAL ANALYSES OF SEAT BELT AND DRIVER IN CASE OF SUDDEN BRAKING ↗ · 2019 · Macuzic, Slavica et al. · indexed
597. BIOMECHANICS OF CAR CRASH RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE VEHICLE OCCUPANT AND THE VEHICLES RESTRAINT SYSTEM IN TIME OF A CRASH: SEAT BELT SYNDROME CASE REPORT ↗ · 2023 · Emmergency General Surgery Department, Ibn Sina Hospital, Rabart, Morocco. et al. · indexed
598. Human factors research in motor vehicle occupant restraint systems ↗ · 1968 · Brown, P. · indexed
599. Seat Belt Laws: Why We Should Keep Them ↗ · 2008 · Allsop, Richard et al. · indexed
600. belt law · 2007 · Tison, Julie et al. · archived
601. Use of Advanced In-Vehicle Technology by Young and Older Early Adopters. Survey Results on Sensor-Based Backing Aid Systems and Rear-View Video Cameras · 2007 · Jenness, James W. et al. · archived
602. Seatbelt sign following blunt trauma is associated with increased incidence of abdominal injury. ↗ · 1997 · Chandler, CH et al. · indexed
603. Vehicle occupant restraint systems impact on eye injuries: A review ↗ · 2014 · AlMahmoud, Tahra et al. · indexed
604. Impact of a school-based helmet promotion program on knowledge, attitudes and practices of eligible adolescent drivers ↗ · 2010 · Germeni, E et al. · indexed
605. Seat belt protection of train driver during secondary impact ↗ · 2016 · Wang, Wenbin et al. · indexed
606. Female kinematics and muscle responses in lane change and lane change with braking maneuvers ↗ · 2021 · Ghaffari, Ghazaleh et al. · indexed
607. Association of driver air bags with driver fatality: a matched cohort study ↗ · 2002 · Cummings, Peter et al. · indexed
608. The Effect of Side Impact Collision Delta-V, Restraint Status, and Occupant Position on Injury Outcome ↗ · 2010 · Imler, Stacy M. et al. · indexed
609. The Use of Bicycle Helmets in a Western Canadian Province Without Legislation ↗ · 2003 · Nykolyshyn, Kathy et al. · indexed
610. Feedback from Naturalistic Driving Improves Treatment Compliance in Drivers with Obstructive Sleep Apnea ↗ · 2015 · Dawson, Jeffrey D et al. · indexed
611. Study of Detection Method on Real-time and High Precision Driver Seatbelt ↗ · 2020 · Yang, Dongsheng et al. · indexed
612. How Can We Teach Them about Neurotrauma Prevention? Prospective and Randomized “Pense Bem—Caxias do Sul” Study with Multiple Interventions in Preteens and Adolescent ↗ · 2015 · Falavigna, S. Asdrubal et al. · indexed
613. Determination of the Pressure Distribution Beneath Two- and Three-Inch Wide Racing Safety Belts ↗ · 2008 · Melvin, John W. et al. · indexed
614. Compliance with seat belt enforcement law in Saudi Arabia ↗ · 2006 · Bendak, S. · indexed
615. Reflecting on non‐reflective action: An exploratory think‐aloud study of self‐report habit measures · 2014 · Gardner, Benjamin et al. · archived
616. Pregnancy: Protecting Your Unborn Child In A Car · 1996 · NHTSA · archived
617. The electronic belt-fit test device (eBTD): A method for certifying safe seat belt fit ↗ · 2001 · Brown, Christina M. et al. · indexed
618. Estimated Minimum Savings to the Medicaid Budget in Colorado by Implementing a Primary Seat Belt Law · 2007 · Tison, Julie et al. · archived
619. Testing for Occupant Rollover Protection ↗ · 1998 · Arndt, Mark W. · indexed
620. Face Mask Use Among Commercial Drivers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Accra, Ghana · 2021 · Agyemang, Ernest et al. · archived
621. The effects of police duty belt and seat design changes on lumbar spine posture, driver contact pressure and discomfort ↗ · 2012 · Holmes, M.W.R. et al. · indexed
622. Injury severity in relation to seatbelt use ↗ · 2014 · Abu-Zidan, Fikri M · indexed
623. Estimated Minimum Savings to a State’s Medicaid Budget by Implementing a Primary Seat Belt Law: Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, and Missouri [Traffic Tech] · 2007 · NHTSA · archived
624. Seat Belt Assembly Tensile Test Procedure Development · 2021 · Wietholter, Kedryn et al. · archived
625. Anthropomorphic Dummy Positioning and Repeatability Measurements · 1981 · NHTSA · archived
626. High-Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle Rollover Accidents and Injuries to U.S. Army Soldiers by Reported Occupant Restraint Use, 1992–2013 ↗ · 2017 · Lo, Michael C. et al. · indexed
627. Estimated Minimum Savings to the Medicaid Budget in Florida by Implementing a Primary Seat Belt Law · 2007 · Chaudhary, Neil K. et al. · archived
628. Risk Factors for Pilot Fatalities in General Aviation Airplane Crash Landings ↗ · 1998 · Rostykus, Paul S. · indexed
629. Driver Restraint Systems: Assuring a Rational Level of Driver Safety ↗ · 2002 · Strout, Richard et al. · indexed
630. The impact of police uniforms in changing views of police legitimacy and driving intentions among young people: an experimental trial · 2023 · Anderson, Levi et al. · archived
631. Late Breaking Abstract - Identifying and addressing patient beliefs driving SABA use and over-reliance ↗ · 2019 · Horne, Rob et al. · indexed
632. Computer Experiments for Optimal FMVSS 208 and NCAP Performance ↗ · 1994 · Deng, Yih-Charng et al. · indexed
633. Air Bag Deployment Characteristics · 1992 · Sullivan, Lisa K. et al. · archived
634. Integrated Seat Belt System Model Development · 2022 · Bridges, Wade et al. · archived
635. Automotive Occupant Dynamics Optimization ↗ · 1991 · Bennett, J. A. et al. · indexed
636. Self-regulated use of retrieval practice: associations with individual differences in non-cognitive and cognitive factors · 2024 · Bertilsson, Frida et al. · archived
637. Duty belt or load-bearing vest? Discomfort and pressure distribution for police driving standard fleet vehicles ↗ · 2019 · Larsen, Louise Bæk et al. · indexed
638. The Application of a Piezo-Resistive Cardiorespiratory Sensor System in an Automobile Safety Belt ↗ · 2015 · Hamdani, Syed et al. · indexed
639. The automatic component of habit in health behavior: Habit as cue-contingent automaticity. ↗ · 2010 · Orbell, Sheina et al. · indexed
640. Identification of Approaches for the Control of Health; Environmental; and Safety Hazards Associated With Air Bag Use and Disposal · 1979 · Little, Arthur D. · archived
641. Cue Consistency Associated with Physical Activity Automaticity and Behavior ↗ · 2015 · Pimm, Rosemary et al. · indexed
642. Effects of Prepaid Monetary Incentives on Mail Survey Response Rates and on Self-reporting about Delinquency - Empirical findings ↗ · 2011 · Becker, Rolf et al. · indexed
643. Modeling Health Behavior Change: How to Predict and Modify the Adoption and Maintenance of Health Behaviors ↗ · 2008 · Schwarzer, Ralf · indexed
644. Interlaboratory Study of Proposed Compliance Test Protocol for Wheelchair Tiedown and Occupant Restraint Systems ↗ · 1994 · Shaw, Greg et al. · indexed
645. Seat belt aorta: acute dissection and thrombosis of the abdominal aorta. ↗ · 1979 · Dajee, Himmet et al. · indexed
646. Development of an Emergency Locking Unit for a Belt-In-Seat (BIS) System Using a MEMS Acceleration Sensor ↗ · 2010 · Baek, Chang Hyun et al. · indexed
647. Air Bag Loading on In-Position Hybrid III Dummy Neck ↗ · 2001 · Kang, Jian et al. · indexed
648. Toward optimal implementation of cancer prevention and control programs in public health: a study protocol on mis-implementation · 2018 · Padek, Margaret et al. · archived
649. Profiling users and non-users of meal delivery services in Belgium using latent class analysis ↗ · 2025 · Oostenbach, Laura Helena et al. · indexed
650. Soil-transmitted helminth surveillance in Benin: A mixed-methods analysis of factors influencing non-participation in longitudinal surveillance activities ↗ · 2023 · Murphy, Emma et al. · indexed
651. Do women who intermittently attend breast screening differ from those who attend every invitation and those who never attend? ↗ · 2014 · Coyle, C et al. · indexed
652. Work Experiences and Tobacco Use: Findings From the Gear Up for Health Study ↗ · 2009 · Sorensen, Glorian et al. · indexed
653. Situational dynamic implementation intentions of mobile shopping behaviour: Based on the perspective of dual contextual cues ↗ · 2022 · Wang, Lin et al. · indexed
654. Explaining reviewing effort: Existing reviews as potential driver ↗ · 2022 · Rohde, Christoph et al. · indexed
655. Incentives for HIV testing at the workplace in the automotive industry in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality: Ethical considerations ↗ · 2017 · Weihs, Martin et al. · indexed
656. Hygiene Behavior and COVID-19 Pandemic: Opportunities of COVID-19-Imposed Changes in Hygiene Behavior ↗ · 2023 · Ali, Adnan Sirage et al. · indexed
657. Bon usage des antibiotiques en santé ambulatoire ↗ · 2026 · Essilini, Anaïs · indexed
658. Penerapan Reward dan Konsekuensi untuk Meningkatkan Kedisiplinan Siswa Kelas II SD Sekolah Kristen ABC [The Implementation of Rewards and Consequences to Improve Students’ Discipline in Grade II of Christian School ABC] ↗ · 2016 · Gultom, Lasria et al. · indexed
659. Deterrents intended to mitigate mining effects mostly fail to change nesting behavior of Arctic breeding birds ↗ · 2024 · Holmes, Gill I et al. · indexed
660. Factors driving growers’ selection and implementation of an apple crop protection strategy at the farm level ↗ · 2016 · Pissonnier, Solène et al. · indexed
661. Exposure to Lead, Cadmium and Chromium among Spray Painters in Automobile Body Repair Shops ↗ · 2005 · Vitayavirasuk, Banjong et al. · indexed
662. Activating Students to Speak English by Using ELTIS Resource Pack ↗ · 2019 · Nurchalis, Nur Fadillah et al. · indexed
663. Understanding Agrochemical Overuse in Bangladesh: Evidence from Farmers in Naogaon District ↗ · 2025 · Alam, Md Shamsul et al. · indexed
664. The use of anchored words and the discontinued words in the case of their enunciation in the narration of Robb-Grillet L’emploi des énoncés ancrés et des énoncés coupés dans la narration de Robbe-Grillet ↗ · 2019 · Hasan, Lubna Abdullah Mohammed · indexed
665. Seatbelt Reminder & Anti-Seatbelt Reminder Device: “Antara Dua Darjat” ↗ · 2021 · Abu Kassim, K.A. · indexed
666. Reefs under Siege—the Rise, Putative Drivers, and Consequences of Benthic Cyanobacterial Mats ↗ · 2018 · Ford, Amanda K. et al. · indexed
667. L’utilisation de la religion dans la légitimation du pouvoir : quelques pistes de recherche pour les années 44-42 av. J.-C. ↗ · 2011 · Laignoux, Raphaëlle · indexed