Safety in Occupational Driving: Development of a Driver Behavior Scale for the Workplace Context
DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-0597.2011.00448.x
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Summary
This study addresses the lack of a validated measurement tool for unsafe driving behaviors specific to the occupational context. While road crashes are a leading cause of workplace injury and death, previous research relied on general driver behavior scales that failed to account for organizational factors like work overload. The authors aimed to develop and validate the Occupational Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (ODBQ) to identify behaviors prevalent in workplace settings. Guided by Hockey’s Cognitive-Energetical Model, the authors proposed that work overload leads to four specific behavioral decrements: speeding, rule violations, inattention, and driving while tired. The scale development involved content validation through 38 interviews with occupational drivers and a literature review, resulting in a 15-item initial scale. The study utilized three distinct samples of Australian occupational drivers: Sample 1 (n=145) consisted of executive-level salary-sacrificed drivers; Sample 2 (n=645) comprised community nursing staff; and Sample 3 (n=248) included additional nursing staff. Data from Sample 1 were used for Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to refine the scale items. Sample 2 data supported the four-factor structure through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), demonstrating good model fit and establishing internal reliability via Cronbach’s Alpha. Construct validity was confirmed by showing significant positive correlations between work overload and all four behavioral dimensions. Sample 3 was used to establish criterion validity by correlating the ODBQ with the established Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ). The results indicated that the ODBQ is a reliable and valid measure, with the four factors distinctively capturing unsafe behaviors influenced by workplace demands. The study concludes that the ODBQ provides a theoretically grounded and empirically validated tool for assessing occupational driver behavior. By distinguishing between behaviors driven by organizational pressure (such as inattention due to work thoughts) and general driving errors, the scale offers a more precise instrument for research and organizational safety monitoring. This development allows for better identification of predictors and outcomes of unsafe driving at work, facilitating targeted interventions to reduce occupational crash rates.
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| Stage | Outcome | Tool | Model | Prompt | Attempts | Completed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| discover | success | OpenAlex-citations | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-17 |
| archive | success | openalex | — | — | 5 | 2026-06-25 |
| extract | success | cached | — | — | 2 | 2026-06-26 |
| clean | success | clean | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-18 |
| chunk | success | chunk | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-18 |
| embed | success | embed | Qwen/Qwen3-Embedding-8B | — | 1 | 2026-06-18 |
| promote | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-17 |
| summarize | success | llm | qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant | summ-v5 | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
| tag | success | vector_similarity | — | — | 6 | 2026-06-18 |
| verify | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-26 |
Summary generated by qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant on 2026-06-26; verification: verified.
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- Empirical Findings: observational prevalence
- Methodological Resource: validation psychometrics
- Theoretical Contribution: theory or model