Display of HUD Warning to Drivers: Determining an Optimal Location
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Summary
This study investigated how the location of head-up display (HUD) warnings affects driver response times and detection probabilities, as well as whether HUDs interfere with detecting road events. Twenty-four participants, divided into younger and older groups, completed tasks in a driving simulator where they responded to both simulated HUD warnings at 15 different locations and specific road events. The results indicated that response times varied significantly by location, with the fastest responses occurring 5 degrees to the right of the center, while detection probabilities remained high across most locations. The presence of the HUD task did not significantly impair the detection of road events, although response times to car signals increased slightly. Older drivers responded significantly slower than younger drivers, particularly for peripheral warnings. The study concluded that a location 5 degrees right or left of the center is optimal, balancing speed and minimal interference with the road scene.
Key finding
The fastest response time to HUD warnings was achieved when the warning was displayed 5 degrees to the right of the center, and the HUD task did not significantly interfere with the detection of road events.
Methodology
simulator
Sample size: 24
Provenance
The full processing record for this entry. Every stage of this paper's journey through the pipeline is logged — what ran, with which tool and model, how many attempts it took, and when it last completed. Discovered via bulk_ingest_rosap on 2026-05-23 (7 acquisition events logged).
| Stage | Outcome | Tool | Model | Prompt | Attempts | Completed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| discover | success | rosap | — | — | 2 | 2026-05-23 |
| archive | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-05-23 |
| extract | skipped | empty | — | — | 4 | 2026-06-10 |
| clean | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-01 |
| chunk | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-01 |
| embed | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-02 |
| enrich | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-05-23 |
| promote | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-05-23 |
| summarize | success | llm | qwen3.6-27b | — | 3 | 2026-06-01 |
| tag | success | vector_similarity | — | — | 19 | 2026-06-11 |
| verify | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-03 |
Summary generated by qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant on 2026-06-01; verification: verified.
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Information type
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- Applied Guidance: design guidelines
- Empirical Findings: behavioral performance data
- Methodological Resource: measurement protocol