More Than Just “Stressful”? Testing the Mediating Role of Fatigue on the Relationship Between Job Stress and Occupational Crashes of Long-Haul Truck Drivers

Useche, Sergio A.; Alonso, Francisco; Cendales, Boris; Llamazares, Javier · 2021 · OpenAlex-citations

DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s305687

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Summary

This report by the Traffic Injury Research Foundation examines the magnitude, trends, and characteristics of collisions involving heavy trucks (defined as vehicles greater than 4,500 kg) in Canada. The study focuses specifically on crashes resulting in injury or death, prioritizing these outcomes due to their higher health and social costs and the greater reliability of available data compared to property-damage-only incidents. The analysis utilizes data from Transport Canada’s Traffic Accident Information Database (TRAID) and the Traffic Injury Research Foundation’s Fatality Database, covering the period from 1994 to 2001, with detailed characteristic analyses focused on 2001. The findings reveal that heavy trucks are significantly overrepresented in fatal crashes. In 2001, heavy trucks accounted for 19% of all motor vehicle fatalities and 5% of injuries, despite representing only 4% of registered vehicles. Per-vehicle fatality rates for heavy trucks were substantially higher than for all vehicle types combined (8.0 vs. 1.5 per 10,000 registered vehicles). Furthermore, per-distance fatality rates for heavy trucks were more than double the rate for all vehicles. However, heavy trucks exhibited lower per-distance injury rates compared to other vehicles. A critical finding is that the vast majority of casualties occurred among non-truck occupants: 87% of deaths and 74% of injuries involved people in other passenger vehicles, pedestrians, or cyclists, rather than heavy truck occupants. This disparity is attributed to the significant weight difference between heavy trucks and passenger vehicles and the prevalence of heavy truck travel on high-speed highways. Trend analysis from 1994 to 2001 shows a decline in both deaths (12%) and injuries (7%) involving heavy trucks, mirroring similar declines in overall motor vehicle statistics. Consequently, the proportion of total traffic deaths and injuries attributable to heavy trucks remained stable at approximately 17–19% and 5%, respectively. The report notes that while Canadian registration data limitations prevented precise trend analysis of per-vehicle rates, United States data from the same period indicated improvements in heavy truck safety, suggesting that factors driving these reductions likely affected all vehicle types rather than being specific to heavy trucks. Regarding crash characteristics, most heavy truck occupants killed or injured were middle-aged males. Tractor-trailers were involved in 70% of fatal crashes, whereas single-unit trucks were more prevalent in injury crashes. Multi-vehicle collisions accounted for the majority of deaths (72%) and injuries (64%). Contributory factors varied by crash type; alcohol use was relatively low among heavy truck drivers compared to passenger vehicle drivers. Fatigue and inattention were more frequently cited in single-vehicle crashes involving heavy trucks, while "driving too fast for conditions" was the most common factor in single-vehicle fatal and injury crashes. The report concludes that heavy truck crashes pose a disproportionate risk to other road users, highlighting the need for continued safety monitoring and intervention.

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