Analysis of Restraint Use by Children in Michigan
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Summary
This study aimed to establish a baseline for child occupant restraint use in Michigan to evaluate the impact of a special enforcement program. Researchers conducted a direct observational survey at 128 stratified random sites, including schools and non-school locations, during April 1999. Trained observers recorded restraint use for children under 16 years of age across all seating positions in passenger vehicles. The results indicated an overall child restraint use rate of 66.1 percent, with significantly higher usage among children under four years old compared to those aged 4 to 15. Restraint use was strongly correlated with driver belt use and varied by vehicle type and seating position, but showed no significant differences based on the child's sex, trip purpose, or day of the week.
Key finding
The overall child occupant restraint use rate in Michigan was 66.1 percent, with usage rates exceeding 90 percent for children under four years of age and showing a strong positive correlation with driver safety belt use.
Methodology
field_study
Sample size: 2635
Provenance
The full processing record for this entry. Every stage of this paper's journey through the pipeline is logged — what ran, with which tool and model, how many attempts it took, and when it last completed. Discovered via bulk_ingest_rosap on 2026-05-23 (7 acquisition events logged).
| Stage | Outcome | Tool | Model | Prompt | Attempts | Completed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| discover | success | rosap | — | — | 2 | 2026-05-23 |
| archive | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-05-23 |
| extract | skipped | empty | — | — | 4 | 2026-06-10 |
| clean | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-01 |
| chunk | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-01 |
| embed | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-02 |
| enrich | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-05-23 |
| promote | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-05-23 |
| summarize | success | llm | qwen3.6-27b | — | 3 | 2026-06-01 |
| tag | success | vector_similarity | — | — | 24 | 2026-06-11 |
| verify | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-03 |
Summary generated by qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant on 2026-06-01; verification: verified.
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- Empirical Findings: observational prevalence