Brake testing methodology study : driver effects testing

Johnston, S. A.; Tijerina, L. M.; Garrott, W. R.; Guenther, D. A.; Heydinger, Gary J. · 1999 · ROSA P / United States. Department of Transportation. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

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Summary

This study investigated the variability in light vehicle stopping distance tests attributable to differences between drivers to support the development of standardized brake testing procedures. Researchers conducted 648 stopping distance tests using three expert drivers, three different vehicles, and varying conditions including wet and dry asphalt surfaces with anti-lock brake systems either enabled or disabled. The analysis revealed that while driver differences had a statistically significant effect on stopping distances, the magnitude of this effect was relatively small compared to vehicle-to-vehicle differences. The interaction between ABS status and surface condition was also significant, indicating that ABS performance varied more notably on wet surfaces. The study concluded that the test procedure could distinguish between vehicles with high statistical certainty, though it required a large number of replications and drivers, suggesting that fewer resources might suffice for detecting large performance differences.

Key finding

Differences between drivers had a statistically significant but small effect on stopping distance compared to the larger variability caused by differences between vehicles.

Methodology

lab_experiment

Sample size: 3

Provenance

The full processing record for this entry. Every stage of this paper's journey through the pipeline is logged — what ran, with which tool and model, how many attempts it took, and when it last completed. Discovered via bulk_ingest_rosap on 2026-05-23 (7 acquisition events logged).

StageOutcomeToolModelPromptAttemptsCompleted
discover success rosap 2 2026-05-23
archive success 1 2026-05-23
extract skipped empty 4 2026-06-10
clean success 1 2026-06-01
chunk success 1 2026-06-01
embed success 1 2026-06-02
enrich success 1 2026-05-23
promote success 1 2026-05-23
summarize success llm qwen3.6-27b 3 2026-06-01
tag success vector_similarity 19 2026-06-11
verify success 1 2026-06-03

Summary generated by qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant on 2026-06-01; verification: verified.

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