Empirical Findings

behavioral performance data

Primary empirical findings about driver behavior and task performance: reaction times, brake response, lane-keeping variability, speed choice, headway, glance patterns and eyes-off-road time, secondary-task engagement, takeover time. New behavioral data collected from human participants and statistically analyzed. This is reporting measured performance outcomes, NOT a description of how to measure them (measurement_protocol) and NOT pooled results from other studies (quantitative_synthesis).

4250 paper(s) · newest first · see also all information types

  1. Naturalistic Driving Performance During Secondary Tasks · 2007 · Sayer, James et al. · archived
  2. Distractive Tasks and the Influence of Driver Attributes · 2021 · Soares, Sónia et al. · indexed
  3. Driver Workload Metrics Project: Task 2 Final Report · 2006 · U.S. Department of Transportation · indexed
  4. Driver Demand: Eye Glance Measures · 2016 · Seaman, Sean et al. · indexed
  5. Central Interference in Driving · 2006 · Levy, Jonathan et al. · archived
  6. The Impact of N-back-Induced Mental Workload and Time Budget on Takeover Performance · 2025 · Goodridge, Courtney Michael et al. · archived
  7. Secondary task boundaries influence drivers' glance durations · 2015 · Lee, Ja Young et al. · indexed
  8. Effect of Distracting Factors on Driving Performance: A Review · 2022 · Sorum, Neero Gumsar et al. · archived
  9. A Dataset on Takeover during Distracted L2 Automated Driving · 2025 · Hwang, Jiwoo et al. · archived
  10. Identifying Deviations from Normal Driving Behavior · 2022 · Hananeh Alambeigi, H et al. · archived
  11. Behavioral Research and Practical Models of Drivers' Attention · 2021 · Kotseruba, Iuliia et al. · archived
  12. Brake Reaction Times and Driver Behavior Analysis · 2000 · Summala, Heikki · indexed
  13. Visual in-car warnings: How fast do drivers respond? · 2018 · van der Heiden, Remo M.A. et al. · archived
  14. Driver workload at higher speeds. · 2010 · Fitzpatrick, Kay et al. · archived
  15. The influence of attention distraction on the drivers’ behaviour · 2018 · Gąsiorek, Kamila et al. · archived
  16. Distraction of the Driver and Its Impact on Road Safety · 2020 · Tarkowski, Sławomir et al. · indexed
  17. Putting the Brakes on Autonomous Vehicle Control · 2016 · Funkhouser, Kelly et al. · indexed
  18. The Effects of Distraction on Anticipatory Driving · 2018 · He, Dengbo et al. · archived
  19. Driver Eye Glance Behavior During Car Following on the Road · 1999 · Tijerina, Louis · indexed
  20. Effects of Cognitive Tasks on Drivers' Eye Behavior and Performance · 2003 · Zheng, Xianjun Sam et al. · indexed
  21. AN ALTERNATE METHOD TO EVALUATE DRIVER DISTRACTION · 2002 · Curry, Reates et al. · indexed
  22. Highly Automated Driving, Secondary Task Performance, and Driver State · 2012 · Merat, Natasha et al. · archived
  23. Glance analysis of driver eye movements to evaluate distraction · 2002 · Sodhi, Manbir et al. · indexed
  24. Modeling Driver Behavior during Automated Vehicle Platooning Failures · 2021 · McDonald, Anthony D et al. · archived
  25. Vehicle Automation Field Test: Impact on Driver Behavior and Trust · 2020 · Morales-Alvarez, Walter et al. · archived
  26. Take-over performance in evasive manoeuvres · 2017 · Happee, Riender et al. · archived
  27. Driver Distraction: Eye Glance Analysis and Conversation Workload · 2015 · Hickman, Jeffrey S. et al. · archived
  28. Eye Glance Behavior Associated with Cell-Phone Use · 2014 · Bao, Shan et al. · indexed
  29. Predicting Driver Errors during Automated Vehicle Takeovers · 2023 · Alambeigi, Hananeh et al. · archived
  30. Normative Values for Driving Simulation Parameters: A Pilot Study · 2009 · Akinwuntan, Abiodun Emmanuel et al. · archived
  31. Laboratory and Closed-Course Measures of Driver Decision Making · 1991 · Ranney, Thomas A. · indexed
  32. Analyzing driver response times for pedestrian intrusions in crash-imminent situations · 2018 · Jurecki, Rafal Stanislaw et al. · indexed
  33. Driving Performance as a Function of Time on the Road · 1987 · Ranney, Thomas A. et al. · indexed
  34. How Long <i>Can</i> a Driver (Safely) Glance at an Augmented-Reality Head-Up Display? · 2020 · Faria, Nayara de Oliveira et al. · archived
  35. Eye Movement Patterns and Driving Performance · 2011 · Bian, Zheng et al. · indexed
  36. Exploring Naturalistic Driving Data for Distracted Driving Measures · 2017 · Ishak, Sherif S. et al. · archived
  37. Detecting driver distraction · 2018 · Liang, Yulan · archived
  38. Measuring Distraction: Task Duration and the Lane-Change Test (LCT) · 2005 · Burns, Peter C. et al. · indexed
  39. The impact of road traffic context on secondary task engagement while driving · 2023 · Cuentas-Hernandez, Sandra et al. · archived
  40. Evaluating In-Car Tasks’ Distraction Effects with Drive-In Lab · 2025 · Kujala, Tuomo et al. · archived
  41. Driver Distraction in Commercial Vehicle Operations · 2009 · Olson, R.L. et al. · archived
  42. Driver Distraction in Commercial Vehicle Operations · 2010 · Olson, Rebecca L. et al. · archived
  43. SPIDER 2.0: Driver Distraction and Visual Attention · 2025 · Strayer, David L. · archived
  44. Drivers’ Psychomotor Reaction Times Tested with a Test Station Method · 2021 · Szydłowski, Tomasz et al. · indexed
  45. Distracted driving and associated crash risks. · 2014 · Ishak, Sherif et al. · archived
  46. Distracted Driving: It is not always a choice · 2016 · Hunter, Michael P. et al. · archived
  47. Virtual Lateral Vehicle Variation Study · 2018 · Bhattacharya, Sylvia et al. · indexed
  48. Analysis of selected off-road glances during driving in real road traffic · 2020 · Bucsuházy, Kateřina et al. · indexed
  49. Description of the Integrated Driver Model · 1995 · Levinson, William H. et al. · archived
  50. Crash Risk: Eye Movement as Indices for Dual Task Driving Workload · 2009 · Kang, Julie J et al. · archived
  51. Surrogate Measures of Visual Demand while Driving · 2000 · Farber, Eugene et al. · indexed
  52. Driver Response to Take-Over Requests in Real Traffic · 2023 · Pipkorn, Linda et al. · indexed
  53. Reaction Times When Switching From Autonomous to Manual Driving Control · 2016 · Funkhouser, Kelly et al. · indexed
  54. Eye-Glance Frequency as a Function of Driver's Intent to Change Lanes · 2018 · Bhattacharya, Sylvia et al. · indexed
  55. Takeover Response Time Prediction Model Based on Observable Behavior · 2026 · Qian, Tianyi et al. · indexed
  56. Shifting Eyes and Thinking Hard Keep Us in Our Lanes · 2009 · Cooper, Joel M. et al. · indexed
  57. Guiding Driver Responses During Manual Takeovers from Automated Vehicles · 2023 · Greatbatch, Richard et al. · archived
  58. Profiles in cell phone-induced driver distraction · 2011 · Strayer, DL et al. · indexed
  59. Distraction and Drowsiness in Motorcoach Drivers · 2016 · Hammond, Rebecca, L. et al. · archived
  60. Older driver distraction: A naturalistic study of behaviour at intersections · 2013 · Charlton, Judith L. et al. · indexed
  61. Differences of drivers’ reaction times according to age and mental workload · 2007 · Makishita, Hiroshi et al. · indexed
  62. Minimum and Comfortable Driving Headways: Reality versus Perception · 2001 · Meirav Taieb‐Maimon et al. · indexed
  63. The Impact of N-back-Induced Cognitive Load and Time Budget on Takeover Performance · 2025 · Goodridge, Courtney Michael et al. · indexed
  64. A comprehensive examination of naturalistic lane-changes · 2004 · Lee, Suzanne E. et al. · archived
  65. A meta-analysis of the effects of cell phones on driver performance · 2008 · Caird, Jeff K. et al. · indexed
  66. Driver Performance at High Speeds Using a Simulator · 2012 · Fitzpatrick, Kay et al. · indexed
  67. The multitasking motorist and the attention economy · 2021 · Strayer, DL et al. · archived
  68. Review of driving performance parameters critical for distracted driving research · 2017 · Papantoniou, Panagiotis et al. · indexed
  69. After-Effects of Driver‑Paced Transitions of Control · 2018 · Eriksson, Alexander et al. · indexed
  70. Measuring Inhibitory Control in Driver Distraction · 2014 · Hoekstra-Atwood, Liberty et al. · indexed
  71. On-Road Eye Movement Tracking-Glance Analysis of Dynamic Scenes · 2005 · Sodhi, Manbir S. · indexed
  72. Glance strategies for using an in-vehicle touch-screen monitor. · 2009 · Fuller, Helen et al. · archived
  73. Hierarchical Task Analysis for Driving under Divided Attention · 2019 · Yang, Xiaonan et al. · indexed
  74. Differences in Off-Road Glances: Effects on Young Drivers’ Performance · 2010 · Donmez, Birsen et al. · indexed
  75. Multitasking in the Automobile · 2006 · Strayer, David L. et al. · indexed
  76. Trade-off between jerk and time headway as an indicator of driving style. · 2017 · Itkonen, Teemu H et al. · archived
  77. Research on Driving Distraction Based on Peripheral Detection Task · 2015 · Zhang, Haichao et al. · indexed
  78. Dissociating Eye Movements and Workload on Lateral Lane Position Variability · 2010 · Medeiros-Ward, Nathan et al. · indexed
  79. Measuring the Effects of Driver Distraction · 2008 · Young, Kristie et al. · archived
  80. Spare visual capacity and driver inattention in lateral vehicle control · 2025 · Sarkar, Abhishek et al. · indexed
  81. How visual information influences dual-task driving and tracking · 2020 · Broeker, Laura et al. · archived
  82. Effects of Reading Text While Driving: A Driving Simulator Study · 2020 · Prevedouros, Panos D et al. · archived
  83. Modeling Driver Response to Lead Vehicle Decelerating · 2004 · Najm, Wassim et al. · archived
  84. What Can Be Predicted from Six Seconds of Driver Glances? · 2017 · Fridman, Lex et al. · archived
  85. Identifying Mind-wandering behind the Wheel · 2009 · He, Jibo et al. · archived
  86. Age-Related Decrements in Automobile Instrument Panel Task Performance · 1989 · Hayes, Brian C. et al. · indexed
  87. Cognitive Distraction While Multitasking in the Automobile · 2011 · Strayer, David L. et al. · indexed
  88. An Empirical Investigation into Dual-Task Trade-offs while Driving and Dialing · 2007 · Brumby, Duncan P. et al. · indexed
  89. Evaluation of the Minimum Forward Roadway Glance Duration · 2015 · Samuel, Siby et al. · indexed
  90. Reading Text While Driving · 2014 · Liang, Yulan et al. · indexed
  91. Assessing cognitive distraction in the automobile · 2015 · Strayer, DL et al. · archived
  92. Rapid holistic perception and evasion of road hazards · 2019 · Wolfe, Benjamin et al. · archived
  93. Strategies of Visual Search by Novice and Experienced Drivers · 1972 · Mourant, Ronald R. et al. · archived
  94. On-Road Investigation of Driver Following and Deceleration on Surface Streets · 2000 · McLaughlin, Shane et al. · indexed
  95. Brake Perception-Reaction Times of Older and Younger Drivers · 1993 · Lerner, Neil · indexed
  96. Sequential In-Vehicle Glance Distributions · 2014 · Yamani, Yusuke et al. · indexed
  97. Drivers' Brake Reaction Times · 1971 · Johansson, Gunnar et al. · indexed
  98. Driver Collision Avoidance Behavior After Braking · 2013 · You, Shikai et al. · indexed
  99. Transition of Control: Automation Giving Back Control to the Driver · 2021 · Willemsen, Dehlia et al. · archived
  100. Comparing Methods of Detecting Mind Wandering While Driving · 2017 · Barragan, Daniela et al. · archived
  101. Driver's adaptive glance behavior to in-vehicle information systems · 2015 · Peng, Yiyun et al. · indexed
  102. Perception/Reaction Time Values for Accident Reconstruction · 1989 · Sens, Michael J. et al. · indexed
  103. DeepTake: Prediction of Driver Takeover Behavior using Multimodal Data · 2020 · Pakdamanian, Erfan et al. · archived
  104. Assessing Drivers’ Vigilance State During Monotonous Driving · 2007 · Schmidt, Eike A et al. · archived
  105. A Framework for Modelling and Analysing Variability in Visual Occlusion Experiments · 2013 · Chen, Huei-Yen Winnie et al. · indexed
  106. A Research Synthesis of Text Messaging and Driving Performance · 2013 · Caird, Jess K et al. · indexed
  107. A Looming Crisis · 2014 · Liang, Yulan et al. · indexed
  108. Preferred time-headway of highway drivers · 2002 · Ayres, Thomas J. et al. · indexed
  109. Determining Fixed Glance Duration for Visual Occlusion Research · 2011 · Chen, Huei-Yen Winnie et al. · indexed
  110. Brain Correlates of Lane Changing Reaction Time in Simulated Driving · 2015 · Zhang, Huaijian et al. · indexed
  111. The Interrelationships between Speed Limits, Geometry, and Driver Behavior · 2018 · Savolainen, Peter T. et al. · archived
  112. Attentional blink during simulated driving · 2017 · Sager, Bertrand et al. · indexed
  113. Assessing Driver Performance of Lane-Merge Tasks Using Video Capture Method · 2018 · Bernadin, Shonda et al. · indexed
  114. Primary Task Disruption from Multiple In-Vehicle Systems · 2002 · Lansdown, Terry C. et al. · indexed
  115. How do Environmental Factors Affect Drivers' Gaze and Head Movements? · 2021 · Tavakoli, Arash et al. · archived
  116. “Take over!” How long does it take to get the driver back into the loop? · 2013 · Gold, Christian et al. · indexed
  117. Driver Performance While Texting: Even a Little is Too Much · 2013 · McKeever, Joshua D. et al. · indexed
  118. Driver inattention and highway safety · 1985 · Sussman, E. D. et al. · archived
  119. Secondary Behavior of Drivers on Cell Phones · 2015 · Farmer, Charles M. et al. · indexed
  120. Behavioral Impact of Drivers' Roles in Automated Driving · 2016 · Reimer, Bryan et al. · indexed
  121. Back to the future: Brake reaction times for manual and automated vehicles · 2006 · Young, Mark S. et al. · indexed
  122. Driver Movement Patterns Indicate Distraction and Engagement · 2017 · Radwin, Robert G. et al. · indexed
  123. Study of Driver’s Reaction Time (DRT) during Car Following · 2015 · Xing, Cui Fang et al. · indexed
  124. Evaluation of Driver’s Reaction Time Measured in Driving Simulator · 2022 · Čulík, Kristián et al. · indexed
  125. Human Performance in Vehicle Driving · 2026 · Abendroth, Bettina et al. · archived
  126. Driver distraction · 2018 · Neyens, David Michael · archived
  127. Effects of Non-Driving Related Tasks During Self-Driving Mode · 2022 · Minhas, Saad et al. · indexed
  128. Driver-initiated Tesla Autopilot Disengagements in Naturalistic Driving · 2020 · Morando, Alberto et al. · archived
  129. Driver Assessment with Measures of Continuous Control Behavior · 2005 · Allen, R Wade et al. · indexed
  130. The effects of text messaging on young novice driver performance · 2006 · Hosking, S. et al. · archived
  131. Distraction Effects of Phone Use During a Crucial Driving Maneuver · 2001 · Hancock, Peter A et al. · indexed
  132. Driving Etiquette · 2019 · Peng, Huei et al. · archived
  133. Using Driver State Detection in Automated Vehicles · 2018 · Gaspar, John et al. · archived
  134. Take-Over Requests for Automated Driving · 2015 · Melcher, Vivien et al. · indexed
  135. Tunneled In · 2017 · Mok, Brian et al. · indexed
  136. Secondary Tasks and Autonomous Vehicles · 2019 · Jones, Vanessa et al. · indexed
  137. A systematic study of driver steering behaviour · 1981 · REID, L. D. et al. · indexed
  138. Human Factors Study on the Use of Colors for Express Lane Delineators · 2019 · Abou-Senna, Hatem et al. · archived
  139. EFFECTS OF TWO DIFFERENT MENTAL TASKS ON VISUAL SEARCH BEHAVIOUR WHILE DRIVING · 1999 · Recarte, Miguel A. et al. · indexed
  140. Evaluation of Imminent Take-Over Requests With Real Automation on a Test Track · 2021 · Wintersberger, Philipp et al. · indexed
  141. Take-Over Time in Highly Automated Vehicles · 2018 · Eriksson, Alexander et al. · indexed
  142. Hierarchical Control and Driving · 2013 · Medeiros-Ward, Nathan · indexed
  143. The distraction effects of phone use during a crucial driving maneuver · 2003 · Hancock, P.A. et al. · indexed
  144. Travtek Evaluation Task C3: Camera Car Study · 1995 · NHTSA · archived
  145. The Effects of Reading and Writing Text-Based Messages While Driving · 2012 · Yager, Christine E. et al. · archived
  146. Gaze doesn’t always lead steering · 2018 · Lehtonen, Esko et al. · indexed
  147. Development of Countermeasures for Driver Maneuver Errors · 1999 · Hanscom, Fred R et al. · archived
  148. Effects of Cell Phone Conversations on Younger and Older Drivers · 2003 · Strayer, David L. et al. · indexed
  149. Young Adult Drivers: Simulated Behaviour in a Car-following Situation · 2017 · Jurecki, Rafał et al. · indexed
  150. Accounting for time-dependent covariates in driving simulator studies · 2008 · Donmez, Birsen et al. · indexed
  151. Psychological factors of the transfer of control in an automated vehicle · 2021 · Odachowska, Ewa et al. · indexed
  152. Human factors of vehicle-based lane departure warning systems : final report. · 2015 · Edwards, Christopher J. et al. · archived
  153. Driving Maneuvers Analysis Using Naturalistic Highway Driving Data · 2015 · Li, Guofa et al. · indexed
  154. Driving performance impairments due to hypovigilance on monotonous roads · 2011 · Larue, Grégoire S. et al. · archived
  155. Driver behavior in traffic. · 2012 · Abbas, Montasir et al. · archived
  156. Road Accident: Driver Behaviour, Learning and Driving Task · 2014 · Silva, Fátima Pereira da et al. · indexed
  157. Lane Keeping Under Cognitive Load · 2013 · He, Jibo et al. · indexed
  158. Impact of Regular and Narrow AV-Exclusive Lanes on Manual Driver Behavior · 2020 · Machiani, Sahar Ghanipoor et al. · archived
  159. Predicting Driver Takeover Time in Conditionally Automated Driving · 2021 · Ayoub, Jackie et al. · archived
  160. Non-Driving-Related Task Engagement: The Role of Speed · 2022 · Seaman, Sean et al. · indexed
  161. Is driving assisted behaviour infectious? · 2015 · Stemmler, Eric et al. · indexed
  162. Predictors of Mind-Wandering While Driving · 2017 · Rodd, Heather E K et al. · archived
  163. Head-Up Displays and Distraction Potential · 2023 · Russell, Sheldon M. et al. · archived
  164. Drivers’ steering reaction to a light stimulus on a dark road · 1981 · Summala, Heikki · indexed
  165. Predicting Driver Takeover Time in Conditionally Automated Driving · 2022 · Ayoub, Jackie et al. · archived
  166. Impact of Distracted Driving on Congestion · 2011 · Stavrinos, Despina et al. · archived
  167. Modeling the Effect of Subtask Boundaries on Driver Glance Behavior · 2017 · Lee, Ja Young et al. · indexed
  168. Improved perception-reaction time information for intersection sight distance · 2002 · Hostetter, Robert S. et al. · archived
  169. Effect of Selected In-Vehicle Route Guidance Systems on Driver Reaction Times · 1997 · Srinivasan, Raghavan et al. · indexed
  170. Driver/Vehicle Steering Response Latencies · 1981 · Summala, Heikki · indexed
  171. The Spatial Extent of Attention During Driving · 2005 · Anderson, George J et al. · indexed
  172. Does automated driving affect time-to-collision judgments? · 2018 · Lodinger, Natalie R. et al. · indexed
  173. Low-distraction Interaction · 2019 · Lane, Ian et al. · archived
  174. Influence of mental workload on reaction time while driving a car · 2005 · MAKISHITA, Hiroshi et al. · archived
  175. Simulator Study of Involuntary Driver Distraction Under Different Perceptual Loads · 2017 · Hoekstra-Atwood, Liberty et al. · indexed
  176. Response preparation in a lane change task · 2013 · Hofmann, Peter et al. · indexed
  177. A Gaze-Based Driver Distraction Warning System and Its Effect on Visual Behavior · 2013 · Ahlstrom, Christer et al. · indexed
  178. Human cognitive reliability analysis on driver by driving simulator · 2010 · Nakayasu, Hidetoshi et al. · indexed
  179. Driving with Visual Field Loss: An Exploratory Simulation Study · 2009 · Lockhart, Julie et al. · archived
  180. Driving Simulator as a Tool for Reaction Time Measurement · 2022 · Čulík, Kristián et al. · indexed
  181. Effects of Visual Latency on Vehicle Driving Behavior · 2017 · Blissing, Björn et al. · indexed
  182. Distraction Becomes Engagement in Automated Driving · 2015 · Miller, David et al. · indexed
  183. Using Pre-stimulus EEG to Predict Driver Reaction Time To Road Events · 2022 · Rahman, Shams Ur et al. · archived
  184. Time of day variations in driving performance · 1997 · Lenné, Michael G. et al. · indexed
  185. Developing Baseline Data on Heavy Vehicle Driver Visual Workload · 1995 · Kiger, Steven M. et al. · indexed
  186. Simulating On-the-Road Behavior Using a Driving Simulator · 2010 · Riener, Andreas · indexed
  187. Investigation of Time and Speed Perception using a Driving Simulator · 2018 · Keklikoglou, Andronikos et al. · indexed
  188. Estimation of Driver Reaction Time from Car-Following Data · 2006 · Ma, Xiaoliang et al. · indexed
  189. Effect of External Distractions · 2012 · Divekar, Gautam et al. · indexed
  190. Talking to your car can drive you to distraction · 2016 · Strayer, DL et al. · archived
  191. A comparison of the cell-phone driver and the drunk driver · 2006 · Strayer, D. L. et al. · archived
  192. Driver behavior in mixed and virtual reality – A comparative study · 2019 · Blissing, Björn et al. · archived
  193. Eye movements and hazard perception in active and passive driving · 2015 · Mackenzie, Andrew K. et al. · indexed
  194. Driver Adaptive Task Allocation: A Field Driving Study · 2017 · Lei, S. et al. · archived
  195. Detecting and Quantifying Mind Wandering during Simulated Driving · 2017 · Baldwin, Carryl L. et al. · archived
  196. The residual costs of multitasking: Causing trouble down the road · 2016 · Turrill, J et al. · indexed
  197. Spatial and temporal EEG dynamics of dual-task driving performance · 2011 · Lin, Chin-Teng et al. · archived
  198. Predicting takeover response to silent automated vehicle failures · 2020 · Mole, Callum et al. · indexed
  199. Shift the gaze · 2026 · Illgner, Johannes et al. · indexed
  200. Multitasking induced contextual blindness · 2025 · Cooper, JM et al. · archived
  201. Improving Driver Engagement During L2 Automation: A Pilot Study · 2019 · Pradhan, Anuj K et al. · archived
  202. Predicting Driver Emergency Response Onset using Time-to-Impact · 2022 · Erazo, Fabian et al. · indexed
  203. Driver Distraction: Evaluation with Event Detection Paradigm · 2003 · Greenberg, Jeff et al. · indexed
  204. Behavioral Indicators of Drowsy Driving: Active Search Mirror Checks · 2022 · Meyer, Jason E. et al. · archived
  205. Sleep in highly automated driving: Takeover performance after waking up · 2020 · Wörle, Johanna et al. · indexed
  206. Factors Affecting the Variability of Driver Gap-Acceptance Behaviour · 1978 · BOTTOM, C. G. et al. · indexed
  207. The effects of mobile telephoning on driving performance · 1991 · Brookhuis, Karel et al. · archived
  208. Reaction-time task during car-following with an active gas pedal · 2005 · Mulder, Mark et al. · indexed
  209. The Relative Risks of Secondary Task Induced Driver Distraction · 2008 · Dingus, Thomas A. et al. · indexed
  210. Cognitive workload and visual behavior in elderly drivers with hearing loss · 2014 · Thorslund, Birgitta et al. · indexed
  211. Exploring the effect of cognitive load in scenarios of daily driving · 2024 · Felisberti, Fatima M. et al. · archived
  212. Stereoscopic 3D dashboards · 2020 · Weidner, Florian et al. · archived
  213. The Effect of Takeover Lead Time on Driver Workload · 2019 · Yun, Yongdeok et al. · indexed
  214. Factors That Affect Drivers’ Perception of Closing and an Immediate Hazard · 2023 · Weaver, Bradley W. et al. · archived
  215. An Investigation of Drowsy Lane Departures from Driving Simulator Studies · 2026 · Schwarz, Chris et al. · indexed
  216. Investigation of force and reaction time on car pedals during natural driving · 2024 · Chan, Dylan Zydan et al. · indexed
  217. Analysis of Time-to-Lane-Change-Initiation Using Realistic Driving Data · 2024 · Jokhio, Sarang et al. · indexed
  218. Hierarchical control and driving. · 2013 · Strayer, David L. · indexed
  219. Investigation of Driver Adaptations in a Mixed Traffic Environment · 2024 · Kondyli, Alexandra et al. · archived
  220. The Dimensions of Driver Performance during Secondary Manual Tasks · 2003 · Young, Richard A et al. · indexed
  221. Inattentional Blindness While Driving · 2003 · Wood, Chip et al. · indexed
  222. Attentional Biases during Steering Behavior · 2013 · Bieg, Hans-Joachim et al. · archived
  223. Mobile Phone Use “on the Road”: A Self-Report Study on Young Drivers · 2021 · Fraschetti, Angelo et al. · archived
  224. Sequential Dependencies in Driving · 2012 · Doshi, Anup et al. · indexed
  225. Behavioral Entropy as a Measure of Driving Performance · 2001 · Boer, Erwin R · indexed
  226. Modeling distracted performance · 2019 · Hawkins, Guy E. et al. · archived
  227. Modeling Effects of Forward Glance Durations on Latent Hazard Detection · 2017 · Park, Hyoshin et al. · indexed
  228. Driver secondary tasks in Germany: Using interviews to estimate prevalence · 2011 · Huemer, Anja Katharina et al. · indexed
  229. Driver's exposure to distractions in their natural driving environment · 2005 · Stutts, J C et al. · indexed
  230. Improving Methods to Measure Attentiveness through Driver Monitoring · 2022 · Miller, Marty et al. · archived
  231. Automation Detection of Driver Fatigue Using Visual Behavior Variables · 2018 · Yonggang, Wang et al. · archived
  232. Assessment of Naturalistic Use Patterns of Advanced Infotainment Systems · 2014 · Perez, Miguel A. et al. · indexed
  233. Driving performance of drivers with impaired central visual field acuity · 2002 · Lamble, Dave et al. · indexed
  234. A Driver Reaction Time Detection System Design · 2022 · Cheng, Yuhui et al. · indexed
  235. CAR DRIVER BEHAVIOR DURING PRE-CRASH SITUATION: ANALYSIS WITH THE BCD MODEL · 2011 · Pacaux‐Lemoine, Marie‐Pierre et al. · indexed
  236. The impact of mind wandering on physiological measures in delegated driving · 2025 · Mazeres, Florence et al. · archived
  237. Driver Workload Management During Cell Phone Conversations Chip Wood, · 2005 · Hurwitz, Joshua et al. · archived
  238. Effects of non-driving related tasks during autonomous driving · 2023 · Horáková, Miroslava · archived
  239. Driver Behavior Analysis for Advanced Driver Assistance System · 2018 · Chen, Hua et al. · indexed
  240. Cocktail Party Effect&amp; Attention Capture in Semi-Autonomous Driving · 2013 · Tobias, Crystal et al. · archived
  241. Analysis of Distribution, Frequency, and Duration of Naturalistic Lane Changes · 2002 · Olsen, Erik C. B. et al. · indexed
  242. A field study on braking responses during driving. I. Triggering and modulation · 1995 · LIEBERMANN, D. G. et al. · indexed
  243. Evaluating Pro- and Re-Active Driving Behavior by Means of the EEG · 2018 · Wascher, Edmund et al. · archived
  244. Control Task Substitution in Semiautomated Driving · 2012 · Carsten, Oliver et al. · archived
  245. Information as a Source of Distraction · 2015 · Inman, Vaughan W. et al. · archived
  246. The Effects of Momentary Visual Disruption on Hazard Anticipation in Driving · 2013 · Borowsky, Avinoam et al. · indexed
  247. Requirements for cooperative vehicle guidance · 2013 · Dambock, D. et al. · indexed
  248. Older Drivers’ Self-Regulation and Exposure · 2020 · Thomas, Dennis et al. · archived
  249. Online experiments as a supplement of automated driving simulator studies · 2019 · Hock, Philipp et al. · indexed
  250. Driving With the Wandering Mind · 2013 · Yanko, Matthew R. et al. · indexed
  251. What Attracts the Driver’s Eye? Attention as a Function of Task and Events · 2022 · Eisma, Yke Bauke et al. · indexed
  252. Detection of Driver Fatigue Caused by Sleep Deprivation · 2009 · Yang, Ji Hyun et al. · archived
  253. Mind Wandering Behind the Wheel · 2011 · He, Jibo et al. · indexed
  254. EVALUATION OF DRIVER DISTRACTION USING AN EVENT DETECTION PARADIGM · 2003 · Greenberg, Jeff et al. · indexed
  255. Field Measurement of Naturalistic Backing Behavior · 1997 · Huey, R. et al. · archived
  256. Older Driver Support System Field Operational Test · 2019 · Libby, David et al. · archived
  257. Behavioral adaptation of drivers when driving among automated vehicles · 2022 · Aramrattana, Maytheewat et al. · archived
  258. Gaming to Safety · 2016 · Xie, Jeanne Y. et al. · indexed
  259. Driver Performance Assessment with a Car Following Model · 2005 · Boer, Erwin R et al. · indexed
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