evacuation egress

Occupants getting themselves out of the vehicle and away from the crash scene after a collision: opening or forcing doors, escaping a submerged, rolled, or burning vehicle, egress time, and entrapment that prevents escape. The focus is the physical act of exiting to safety. Unlike secondary_collisions (additional vehicle impacts after the first) and post_crash_care_delays (how long until EMS arrives), this is the occupants' own escape; unlike driver_post_crash_behavior, it is leaving the vehicle, not subsequent decisions or actions.

77 paper(s) · ranked by relevance to this topic

1. Human factors issues in motorcoach emergency egress · 2009 · Pollard, John K. et al. · archived
2. Uncovering the role of restraint usage in driver ejection: a data mining investigation of fatal and injury crashes ↗ · 2025 · Das, Subasish · indexed
3. Research into occupant's motion in vehicles during crashes · 2005 · Pelenyte‐VyÅ¡niauskiene, Lina et al. · archived
4. Rollover Car Crashes with Ejection: A Deadly Combination—An Analysis of 719 Patients ↗ · 2014 · Latifi, Rifat et al. · indexed
5. Motor Vehicle Childhood Injuries Caused by Noncrash Falls and Ejections ↗ · 1985 · Agran, Phyllis F. · indexed
6. Analysis of Ejection in Fatal Crashes · 1997 · NHTSA · archived
7. CAUSES AND COSTS OF INJURIES IN MULTIPLE TRAUMA PATIENTS REQUIRING EXTRICATION FROM MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES ↗ · 1993 · Siegel, John H. et al. · indexed
8. Assessing Crash Risks of Evacuation Traffic: A Simulation-based Approach · 2019 · Hasan, Samiul et al. · archived
9. Occupant Dynamics During Crash Avoidance Maneuvers · 2021 · Reed, Matthew P. et al. · archived
10. Collision Avoidance and Accident Survivability Volume 3: Accident Survivability · 1993 · Galganski, Robert A. · archived
11. Observations of Drivers’ Behavior when Opening Car Doors ↗ · 2015 · Huang, Cheng-Yong · indexed
12. Crash safety concerns for out-of-position occupant postures: A look toward safety in highly automated vehicles ↗ · 2018 · McMurry, Timothy L. et al. · indexed
13. Safety of High Speed and Guided Ground Transportation Systems: Collision Avoidance and Accident Survivability: Volume 3: Accident Survivability · 1993 · Galganski, Robert A. · archived
14. ELDERLY DRIVER INGRESS AND EGRESS FROM A VEHICLE: PERCEIVED DISCOMFORT AND TASK DURATION ↗ · 2018 · Kozak, K et al. · indexed
15. Addressing Run Off Road Safety ↗ · 2014 · Jakobsson, Lotta et al. · indexed
16. Semi-Truck Driver Safe Egress Analysis and Renovation ↗ · 2020 · Wells, Arthur et al. · indexed
17. Rear Female Dummy Submarining Research Base on C-NCAP Regulation ↗ · 2014 · Zhu, Hai Tao et al. · indexed
18. Analysis of Occupant Protection Strategies in Train Collisions ↗ · 1995 · Tyrell, David C. et al. · indexed
19. Traffic Signal Timing for Urban Evacuation · 2007 · Chen, Ming et al. · archived
20. Recommended Emergency Preparedness Guidelines for Urban, Rural, and Specialized Transit Systems · 1991 · Hathaway, WT et al. · archived
21. The Contribution of Occupant and Vehicle Dynamics Simulation to Testing Occupant Safety in Passenger Cars During Rollover ↗ · 1999 · Bardini, R. et al. · indexed
22. Improving the Safety Performance of Passenger Rail Car Glazing Systems ↗ · 2018 · Gordon, Jeffrey et al. · indexed
23. Interdependence of flows when merge in rail tunnel evacuations · 2020 · Balboa, Adriana et al. · archived
24. Unsupervised Children in Vehicles: A Risk for Pediatric Trauma ↗ · 1991 · Agran, Phyllis et al. · indexed
25. Side Impact Protection - Occupants in the Far-Side Seat ↗ · 1998 · Stolinski, Richard et al. · indexed
26. Effects of seat pan and pelvis angles on the occupant response in a reclined position during a frontal crash · 2021 · Grébonval, Cyrille et al. · archived
27. Model of Household Trip-Chain Sequencing in Emergency Evacuation ↗ · 2003 · Murray‐Tuite, Pamela et al. · indexed
28. Modeling and evaluating evacuation contraflow termination point designs ↗ · 2003 · Lim, Yu Yik · indexed
29. Final Report of 339 Contoured Moving Barrier Impact Into a 1985 Ford Escort 3-Door Hatchback in Support of Crash III Damage Algorithm Reformation · 1990 · Markusic, C. A. · archived
30. Pedestrian Evacuation Simulation Considering Hiding Behavior and Obstacle Configurations Under Violent Attacks · 2025 · Ma, Yaping et al. · archived
31. Research on trajectory planning in emergency situations with multiple objects ↗ · 2006 · Schmidt, C. et al. · indexed
32. Injury Assessment of the Portable Vehicle Arresting Barrier (PVAB) ↗ · 2000 · Bir, Cynthia et al. · indexed
33. Emergency Planning in the Urban-Wildland Interface: Subdivision-Level Analysis of Wildfire Evacuations ↗ · 2007 · Wolshon, Brian et al. · indexed
34. Evacuation modelling in road tunnel fires ↗ · 2012 · Ronchi, Enrico · indexed
35. Human behaviour in road tunnel fires: comparison between egress models (FDS+Evac, STEPS, Pathfinder). ↗ · 2010 · Ronchi, Enrico et al. · indexed
36. Emergency Evacuation Planning with Microscopic Traffic Simulation ↗ · 2004 · Jha, Mithilesh Kumar et al. · indexed
37. Evaluation of Emergency Evacuation Strategies for Downtown Event Traffic Using a Dynamic Network Model ↗ · 2005 · Kwon, Eil et al. · indexed
38. Final report of frontal barrier impacts of a 1985 Ford Escort 3-door hatchback in support of Crash III damage algorithm reformation · 1988 · El-Habash, N. A. · archived
39. Multiobjective Optimization for Multimodal Evacuation ↗ · 2010 · Abdelgawad, Hossam et al. · indexed
40. Math-Based Performance Evaluation of an Experimental Car: Side Impact Protection ↗ · 2002 · Deng, Yih-Charng et al. · indexed
41. An Evacuation Model for Risk Analysis in Spanish Road Tunnels ↗ · 2014 · Alonso, Virginia et al. · indexed
42. A Cellular automaton model for crowd movement and egress simulation ↗ · 2003 · Kluepfel, Hubert Ludwig · indexed
43. Optimal Scheduling of Evacuation Operations ↗ · 2006 · Sbayti, H. et al. · indexed
44. Cervical Airway Injuries as a Result of Impact with Steering Wheel Rim ↗ · 1988 · Mittleman, RE · indexed
45. Vertical Occupant Loading in Car Crashes; Test Methods and Countermeasures ↗ · 2015 · Jakobsson, Lotta et al. · indexed
46. Blocking roads to increase the evacuation efficiency ↗ · 2012 · Huibregtse, Olga et al. · indexed
47. TEVACS: Decision Support System for Evacuation Planning in Taiwan ↗ · 1990 · Han, Anthony F. · indexed
48. Investigation and numerical reconstruction of a full-scale electric bicycle fire experiment in high-rise residential building ↗ · 2022 · Li, Liming et al. · indexed
49. The Analysis of Vehicle Behavior and Occupant Protection Methodology for EURO-Side Impact in a Convertible Car ↗ · 1998 · Cho, Jae-ho et al. · indexed
50. The Effects of Curtain Airbag on Occupant Kinematics and Injury Index in Rollover Crash ↗ · 2018 · Li, Hongyun et al. · indexed
51. Transit-Based Emergency Evacuation with Transit Signal Priority in Sudden-Onset Disaster ↗ · 2016 · Lin, Ciyun et al. · indexed
52. Microsimulation of Neighborhood Evacuations in the Urban–Wildland Interface ↗ · 2002 · Cova, Thomas J. et al. · indexed
53. Development of a side facing seat and seat belt system for the Australian Army Perentie 4×4 ↗ · 1999 · Richardson, Shane et al. · indexed
54. A Study of the Performance and Stability of Articulated Towing Vehicle and Boat Trailer Combinations ↗ · 1999 · Redelinghuys, Christiaan · indexed
55. Tabu-Based Heuristic Approach for Optimization of Network Evacuation Contraflow ↗ · 2006 · Tuydes, Hediye et al. · indexed
56. Tabu-Based Heuristic Approach for Optimization of Network Evacuation Contraflow ↗ · 2006 · Tuydes, Hediye et al. · indexed
57. Optimal Evacuation Plan Design with IP-Solver · 2009 · Janacek, Jaroslav et al. · archived
58. Systems thinking in road tunnel safety: Feasibility of evacuation shelters for single-tube road tunnels ↗ · 2025 · Wiebes, Jeroen et al. · indexed
59. Mechanical Construction and Propulsion Analysis of a Rescue Underwater Robot in the case of Drowning Persons ↗ · 2018 · Bonfitto, Angelo et al. · indexed
60. Pedestrian–bus route and pickup location planning for emergency evacuation · 2021 · Lu, Weike et al. · archived
61. Performance of two load-limiting subfloor concepts in full-scale general aviation airplane crash tests ↗ · 1984 · CARDEN, H. · indexed
62. Evacuation Management System for Major Disasters ↗ · 2022 · González-Villa, Javier et al. · indexed
63. Proposed Framework for Simultaneous Optimization of Evacuation Traffic Destination and Route Assignment ↗ · 2006 · Yuan, Fang et al. · indexed
64. Isolated Blowout Distal Esophageal Injury From Blunt Thoraco-Abdominal Trauma Following Airbag Deployment in an Unrestrained Driver: A Case Report ↗ · 2024 · Dagestani, Hatoon et al. · indexed
65. Effect of Material on Crashworthiness for Side Doors and B Pillar Subjected to Euro NCAP Side Impact Crash Test ↗ · 2013 · Lilehkoohi, A. H. et al. · indexed
66. Effect of Material and Thickness of Side Doors and B Pillar on Crashworthiness in Euro NCAP Side Impact Crash Test ↗ · 2013 · Lilehkoohi, A. H. et al. · indexed
67. Design and Reinforcement of a B-Pillar for Occupants Safety in Conventional Vehicle Applications ↗ · 2017 · Ikpe, Aniekan Essienubong et al. · indexed
68. Heuristic Framework for Optimizing Hurricane Evacuation Operations ↗ · 2008 · Afshar, Abbas Mohasel et al. · indexed
69. Study on the oblique water entry impact performance of AUV under different launch conditions based on coupled FEM-ALE method ↗ · 2020 · Chaudhry, Ahmad Zamir et al. · indexed
70. Environmental risk of maritime territory subjected to accidental phenomena: Correlation of oil spill and ship grounding in the Exxon Valdez's case ↗ · 2019 · Prabowo, Aditya Rio et al. · indexed
71. KESIAPAN JALUR DAN LOKASI EVAKUASI PUBLIK MENGHADAPI RESIKO BENCANA GEMPA DAN TSUNAMI DI KOTA PADANG (Studi Manajemen Bencana) ↗ · 2014 · Alhadi, Zikri · indexed
72. On the Dual Nature of Atmospheric Escape ↗ · 2026 · Modirrousta-Galian, Darius et al. · indexed
73. Subcutaneous emphysema to the head and neck: an unlikely traumatic origin ↗ · 2018 · Hajiioannou, Jiannis et al. · indexed
74. A Sea Ice Entrapment Event in the Southern Chukchi Sea: Analysis and Prediction ↗ · 2026 · Moore, G. W. K. et al. · indexed
75. The Return: The Long Road Home of Female Concentration Camp Inmates ↗ · 2020 · Muller, Anna · indexed
76. Críticas submarinas: Derek Walcott y Édouard Glissant Underwater criticism: Derek Walcott and Édouard Glissant ↗ · 2025 · Aguirre Aguirre, Carlos · indexed
77. La Russie et les russes dans les écrits des prisonniers de la Grande Armée, une approche comparée ↗ · 2012 · Rey, Marie-Pierre · indexed