Driver Alertness and Fatigue: Summary of Completed Research Projects, 1995-98

NHTSA · 2000 · ROSA P / United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration

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Summary

This document summarizes completed research projects conducted between 1995 and 1998 under the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration’s (FMCSA) Driver Alertness and Fatigue Research and Technology focus area. The work was motivated by the need to support hours-of-service (HOS) rulemaking, develop fatigue management technologies, and address driver fatigue as a significant risk factor in commercial transportation. The summary covers eight major projects and several conferences aimed at improving safety through data-driven analysis and innovative programs. The most comprehensive study, the Driver Fatigue and Alertness Study (DFAS), involved 80 drivers, four driving schedules, and over 200,000 miles of real revenue runs. It measured alertness, performance, and physiology during off-duty sleep. Key findings indicated that driver alertness was more strongly correlated with time-of-day than time-on-task, with drowsiness episodes eight times more likely between midnight and 6 a.m. Drivers averaged only five hours of sleep, significantly less than the ideal seven hours, and their self-assessments of alertness did not correlate well with objective performance measures. Significant individual differences in alertness were also observed. Other projects evaluated specific technologies and operational factors. A fitness-for-duty testing project demonstrated the feasibility of using short (5–10 minute) psychomotor tests on in-terminal or in-vehicle computers to identify fatigued drivers. A study on multi-trailer combination vehicles found that while triple-trailer configurations increased stress and fatigue compared to single trailers, individual driver differences had a much larger impact on alertness than vehicle configuration. Research on rest areas identified a significant shortage of parking for commercial vehicles, leading to policy changes allowing weigh stations to serve as rest areas. Additionally, laboratory experiments validated PERCLOS (eye closure measure) as the most promising real-time indicator of driver alertness for in-vehicle monitoring systems. Further analyses examined regulatory compliance and crash data. A study on local/short-haul trucks found that trip distance significantly affected fatigue-related fatal crash rates, with shorter trips associated with lower incidence. Research on shipper involvement confirmed that delivery demands contribute to HOS violations, highlighting the role of dispatchers and shippers in compliance. An assessment of electronic on-board recorders (EOBRs) revealed average acquisition costs of $2,000 per vehicle and annual maintenance costs of $200, with benefits primarily consisting of time savings in log maintenance. The document concludes by noting ongoing efforts to deploy these technologies and improve fatigue management strategies across the transportation sector.

Key finding

Driver alertness and performance were more consistently related to time-of-day than to time-on-task, with drowsiness episodes occurring eight times more frequently between midnight and 6 a.m.

Methodology

mixed_methods

Sample size: 80

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