drowsiness detection algorithms

Computational models and classifiers that detect driver drowsiness, fatigue, or sleepiness from signals such as PERCLOS, blink dynamics, eyelid closure, EEG, steering and lane-keeping variability, or heart-rate features, often validated against KSS or microsleep events. Unlike gaze_based_attention_detection (looking direction / attention) and distraction_detection_algorithms (secondary-task engagement), the target state here is fatigue and falling asleep, not where attention is directed.

469 paper(s) · ranked by relevance to this topic

1. Detecting Driver Fatigue With Eye Blink Behavior · 2024 · Akin, Ali et al. · archived
2. Vehicle-Based Drowsy Driver Detection: Current Status And Future Prospects · 1994 · NHTSA · archived
3. Vehicle-Based Drowsy Driver Detection: Current Status and Future Prospects · 1994 · Knipling, Ronald R. et al. · archived
4. Research On Vehicle-Based Driver Status/Performance Monitoring; Development, Validation, And Refinement Of Algorithms For Detection Of Driver Drowsiness, Final Report · 1994 · NHTSA · archived
5. Drowsiness monitoring based on driver and driving data fusion · 2011 · Daza, Iván García et al. · archived
6. An Evaluation of Emerging Driver Fatigue Detection Measures and Technologies [Final report] · 2009 · Barr, Lawrence et al. · archived
7. A drowsy driver detection system for heavy vehicles ↗ · 2002 · Grace, Richard et al. · indexed
8. Drowsiness Monitoring By Steering And Lane Data Based Features Under Real Driving Conditions · 2010 · Friedrichs, Fabian · archived
9. Development and Assessment of a Driver Drowsiness Monitoring System · 2012 · NHTSA · archived
10. PERCLOS: A Valid Psychophysiological Measure of Alertness As Assessed by Psychomotor Vigilance · 1998 · NHTSA · archived
11. An Efficient Approach for Driver Drowsiness Detection at Moderate Drowsiness Level Based on Electroencephalography Signal and Vehicle Dynamics Data ↗ · 2022 · Houshmand, Sara et al. · indexed
12. PERCLOS-based technologies for detecting drowsiness: current evidence and future directions ↗ · 2023 · Abe, Takashi · indexed
13. An Evaluation of Emerging Driver Fatigue Detection Measures and Technologies [Tech Brief] · 2009 · NHTSA · archived
14. Driver Drowsiness Classification Using Fuzzy Wavelet-Packet-Based Feature-Extraction Algorithm · 2010 · Khushaba, R N et al. · archived
15. Video based detection of driver fatigue ↗ · 2009 · Vural, Esra · indexed
16. Quantifying Drowsy Driving [Traffic Safety Facts Research Note] · 2020 · NHTSA · archived
17. Realtime Driver Drowsiness Detection Using Machine Learning ↗ · 2022 · Al Redhaei, Aneesa et al. · indexed
18. RESEARCH ON VEHICLE-BASED DRIVER STATUS/PERFORMANCE MONITORING; DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION, AND REFINEMENT OF ALGORITHMS FOR DETECTION OF DRIVER DROWSINESS. FINAL REPORT ↗ · 1994 · Wierwille, Walter W. et al. · indexed
19. Estimation of drivers' drowsiness level using a Neural Network Based ‘Error Correcting Output Coding’ method ↗ · 2010 · Tsuchida, Ayumi et al. · indexed
20. Advanced Driver Fatigue Research · 2008 · NHTSA · archived
21. Real-Time Deep Learning-Based Drowsiness Detection: Leveraging Computer-Vision and Eye-Blink Analyses for Enhanced Road Safety ↗ · 2023 · Safarov, Furkat et al. · indexed
22. Sample-Entropy-Based Method for Real Driving Fatigue Detection with Multichannel Electroencephalogram ↗ · 2021 · Zhang, Tao et al. · indexed
23. Drowsiness Detection in Drivers: A Systematic Review of Deep Learning-Based Models · 2025 · Fonseca, Tiago et al. · archived
24. Driving fingerprinting enhances drowsy driving detection: Tailoring to individual driver characteristics ↗ · 2024 · Sun, Yifan et al. · indexed
25. Classifying Features of Electroencephalography Signal to Detect Driver Drowsiness in the Early Drowsy Stage · 2022 · Houshmand, Sara et al. · archived
26. Behavioral Indicators of Drowsy Driving: Active Search Mirror Checks · 2022 · Meyer, Jason E. et al. · archived
27. Evaluation of techniques for ocular measurement as an index of fatigue and as the basis for alertness management · 1998 · Dinges, David F. et al. · archived
28. Classification of Drowsiness and Alertness States Using EEG Signals to Enhance Road Safety: A Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms and Ensemble Techniques ↗ · 2025 · Sistaninezhad, Masoud et al. · indexed
29. A Survey on State-of-the-Art Drowsiness Detection Techniques · 2019 · Ramzan, Muhammad et al. · archived
30. Driver State Classification: Identifying High Cognitive Load and Drowsiness Through Driver Performance · 2026 · Ayas, Suzan et al. · archived
31. Vehicle control and drowsiness ↗ · 2002 · Kircher, Albert et al. · indexed
32. Optimized driver fatigue detection method using multimodal neural networks · 2025 · Cao, Shengli et al. · archived
33. Prolonged Eyelid Closure Episodes during Sleep Deprivation in Professional Drivers · 2016 · Alvaro, Pasquale K. et al. · archived
34. Modelling and Detection of Driver's Fatigue using Ontology · 2022 · Lambert, Alexandre et al. · archived
35. Development of a Monitoring System for Driver Readiness in Prolonged Automated Driving · 2024 · Deb, Shuchisnigdha et al. · archived
36. Sequence Analysis of Monitored Drowsy Driving ↗ · 2023 · Schwarz, Chris et al. · indexed
37. Detecting driver fatigue using heart rate variability: A systematic review · 2022 · Lu, Ke et al. · archived
38. Detecting Driver Drowsiness With Multi-Sensor Data Fusion Combined With Machine Learning · 2021 · Kulhandjian, Hovannes · archived
39. Diagnostic tools for identifying sleepy drivers in the field. · 2013 · Rizzo, Matthew et al. · archived
40. Real-Time System for Monitoring Driver Vigilance ↗ · 2006 · Bergasa, L.M. et al. · indexed
41. Prediction of drowsiness events in night shift workers during morning driving ↗ · 2017 · Liang, Yulan et al. · indexed
42. SUBJECTIVE AND INDIRECT METHODS TO OBSERVE DRIVER’S DROWSINESS AND ALERTNESS: AN OVERVIEW · 2016 · Khamis, Nor Kamaliana et al. · archived
43. Design and Implementation of a Driver Drowsiness Detection System - A Practical Approach · 2014 · Čolić, Aleksandar et al. · archived
44. HybridFatigue: A Real-time Driver Drowsiness Detection using Hybrid Features and Transfer Learning · 2020 · Abbas, Qaisar · archived
45. Heart Rate Variability-Based Driver Drowsiness Detection and Its Validation With EEG · 2018 · Fujiwara, Koichi et al. · archived
46. Camera-based drowsiness reference for driver state classification under real driving conditions ↗ · 2010 · Friedrichs, Fabian et al. · indexed
47. Overview of research on driver drowsiness definition and driver drowsiness detection ↗ · 1995 · Wierwille, Walter W. · indexed
48. Overview of research on driver drowsiness definition and driver drowsiness detection ↗ · 1995 · Wierwille, Walter W. · indexed
49. Driver fatigue transition prediction in highly automated driving using physiological features ↗ · 2020 · Du, Na et al. · indexed
50. Predicting Driver Fatigue in Automated Driving with Explainability · 2021 · Zhou, Feng et al. · archived
51. Real-Time Machine Learning-Based Driver Drowsiness Detection Using Visual Features ↗ · 2023 · Albadawi, Yaman et al. · indexed
52. An Assessment of Driver Drowsiness, Distraction, and Performance in a Naturalistic Setting · 2011 · Barr, Lawrence et al. · archived
53. Slow eyelid closure as a measure of driver drowsiness and its relationship to performance ↗ · 2015 · Jackson, Melinda L. et al. · indexed
54. A Systematic Review on Driver Drowsiness Detection Using Eye Activity Measures ↗ · 2024 · Kolus, Ahmet · indexed
55. Feasibility of smart wearables for driver drowsiness detection and its potential among different age groups ↗ · 2020 · Kundinger, Thomas et al. · indexed
56. Real-time driver drowsiness detection using transformer architectures: a novel deep learning approach · 2025 · Hassan, Osama F. et al. · archived
57. Unobtrusive drowsiness detection by neural network learning of driver steering ↗ · 2001 · Sayed, R et al. · indexed
58. Visual Monitoring of Driver Inattention · 2008 · Bergasa, Luis M. et al. · archived
59. Steering Wheel Behavior Based Estimation of Fatigue ↗ · 2009 · Krajewski, Jarek et al. · indexed
60. Automatic Detection of Driver Fatigue Based on EEG Signals Using a Developed Deep Neural Network · 2022 · Sheykhivand, Sobhan et al. · archived
61. Predicting driver fatigue using HRV measures and machine learning. · 2026 · Puspasari, MA et al. · archived
62. EVALUATION OF TECHNIQUES FOR OCULAR MEASUREMENT AS AN INDEX OF FATIGUE AND THE BASIS FOR ALERTNESS MANAGEMENT ↗ · 1998 · Dinges, David F. et al. · indexed
63. In-Vehicle Drowsy Driving Detection and Alerting [Traffic Tech] · 2023 · Blenner, Jordan A · archived
64. Assessment of a drowsy driver warning system for heavy-vehicle drivers : final report · 2009 · Blanco, Myra et al. · archived
65. A Review of Recent Developments in Driver Drowsiness Detection Systems ↗ · 2022 · Albadawi, Yaman et al. · indexed
66. Real-Time Driver-Drowsiness Detection System Using Facial Features · 2019 · Deng, Wanghua et al. · archived
67. Evaluation of a Smart Algorithm for Commercial Vehicle Driver Drowsiness Detection ↗ · 2007 · Eskandarian, Azim et al. · indexed
68. Biobehavioral Responses to Drowsy Driving Alarms and Alerting Stimuli · 2000 · Mallis, Malissa M. et al. · archived
69. Application of a new Model for Fatigue Identification of Commercial Vehicles Drivers · 2019 · Davidović, Jelica et al. · archived
70. Monitoring driver drowsiness in partially automated vehicles: Added value from combining postural and physiological indicators · 2024 · Perrotte, Gaëtan et al. · archived
71. The severity of driver fatigue in terms of line crossing: a pilot study comparing day- and night time driving in simulator · 2017 · Anund, Anna et al. · archived
72. An Improved Fatigue Detection System Based on Behavioral Characteristics of Driver · 2017 · Gupta, Rajat et al. · archived
73. Vehicle-based drowsy driver detection: Current status and future prospects ↗ · 2013 · Knipling, R R et al. · indexed
74. Using Image Processing in the Proposed Drowsiness Detection System Design ↗ · 2018 · POURSADEGHIYAN, Mohsen et al. · indexed
75. Driver impairment at night and its relation to physiological sleepiness ↗ · 2008 · Anund, Anna et al. · indexed
76. Subjective sleepiness, simulated driving performance and blink duration: examining individual differences ↗ · 2006 · Ingre, Michael et al. · indexed
77. An effective approach for real-time drowsy driving prediction using quantized fisher-Gabor features and latent-dynamic conditional random fields · 2025 · Bakheet, Samy et al. · archived
78. EEG-Based Deep Learning Approaches for Driver Fatigue Detection in Neurorehabilitation-Oriented Brain-Computer Interfaces ↗ · 2025 · Ganesan, Shobana et al. · indexed
79. A novel convolutional neural network method for subject-independent driver drowsiness detection based on single-channel data and EEG alpha spindles ↗ · 2021 · Houshmand, Sara et al. · indexed
80. Driver Safety Development Real Time Driver Drowsiness Detection System Based on Convolutional Neural Network · 2020 · Hashemi, Maryam et al. · archived
81. An embedded intelligence engine for driver drowsiness detection ↗ · 2022 · Vadlamudi, Shirisha et al. · indexed
82. Drowsiness and Decision Making During Long Drives: A Driving Simulation Study · 2023 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
83. Eye-Activity Measures of Fatigue and Napping as a Fatigue Countermeasure: Tech Brief · 1999 · NHTSA · archived
84. Leading Indicators of Drowsiness in Simulated Driving ↗ · 2005 · Kozak, Ksenia et al. · indexed
85. Real time and non-intrusive driver fatigue monitoring · 2005 · Zhu, Zhiwei et al. · archived
86. Driver Mental Fatigue Detection Based on Head Posture Using New Modified reLU-BiLSTM Deep Neural Network ↗ · 2021 · Ansari, Shahzeb et al. · indexed
87. In-vehicle Drowsy Driving Detection and Alerting · 2023 · Gaspar, John G et al. · archived
88. A Deep Neural Network for Real-Time Driver Drowsiness Detection · 2019 · Toan H., VU et al. · archived
89. Blinks and saccades as indicators of fatigue in sleepiness warnings: looking tired? ↗ · 2008 · Schleicher, Robert et al. · indexed
90. Final report on the portable computerized assessments of sleepy drivers in operational environments. · 2011 · Rizzo, Matthew et al. · archived
91. Driver Drowsiness Warning System Using Visual Information for Both Diurnal and Nocturnal Illumination Conditions · 2010 · Flores, MarcoJavier et al. · archived
92. Reaction of sleepiness indicators to partial sleep deprivation, time of day and time on task in a driving simulator - the DROWSI project ↗ · 2009 · Åkerstedt, Torbjörn et al. · indexed
93. Improving automatic detection of driver fatigue and distraction using machine learning · 2024 · Wu, Dongjiang · archived
94. Assessment of the Potential of Wrist-Worn Wearable Sensors for Driver Drowsiness Detection ↗ · 2020 · Kundinger, Thomas et al. · indexed
95. Gazing as actual parameter for drowsiness assessment in driving simulators · 2019 · Rumagit, Arthur M. et al. · archived
96. Understanding Influences of Driving Fatigue on Driver Fingerprinting Identification Through Deep Learning ↗ · 2023 · Sun, Yifan et al. · indexed
97. Characteristics of fatigued commercial motor vehicle drivers : a preliminary investigation. · 2012 · Khattak, Aemal et al. · archived
98. Car driver fatigue monitoring using Hidden Markov Models and Bayesian networks ↗ · 2013 · Rashwan, Abdullah M. et al. · indexed
99. Drowsy driver detection system using eye blink patterns · 2010 · Danışman, Taner et al. · archived
100. Driver Assistance System With a Dual Control Scheme: Effectiveness of Identifying Driver Drowsiness and Preventing Lane Departure Accidents · 2016 · Saito, Yuichi et al. · archived
101. Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Fatigue And Alertness Study: Technical Summary · 1996 · Wylie, CD. et al. · archived
102. Detecting driver fatigue through the use of advanced face monitoring techniques · 2001 · Veeraraghavan, Harini et al. · archived
103. Evaluating Driver Drowsiness Countermeasures · 2017 · Gaspar, John G et al. · archived
104. Detection of Driver Fatigue Caused by Sleep Deprivation · 2009 · Yang, Ji Hyun et al. · archived
105. The Effect of Partial Sleep Deprivation and Time-on-Task on Young Drivers’ Subjective and Objective Sleepiness ↗ · 2023 · Cellini, Nicola et al. · indexed
106. Driver performance in the moments surrounding a microsleep · 2008 · Boyle, LN et al. · archived
107. Can Low Cost Road Engineering Measures Combat Driver Fatigue? A Driving Simulator Investigation · 2009 · Jamson, A Hamish et al. · archived
108. Detecting Driver Drowsiness with Multi-Sensor Data Fusion Combined with Machine Learning ↗ · 2021 · Kulhandjian, Hovannes · indexed
109. A Semantic Hybrid Temporal Approach for Detecting Driver Mental Fatigue ↗ · 2024 · Ansari, Shahzeb et al. · indexed
110. Analyzing Driver Drowsiness: From Causes to Effects · 2020 · Soares, Sónia et al. · archived
111. Analysis of Naturalistic Driving Data to Assess Distraction and Drowsiness in Drivers of Commercial Motor Vehicles [Research Brief] · 2021 · NHTSA · archived
112. Driver Fatigue Detection Systems: A Review ↗ · 2018 · Sikander, Gulbadan et al. · indexed
113. Detecting sleep in drivers during highly automated driving: the potential of physiological parameters ↗ · 2019 · Wörle, Johanna et al. · indexed
114. A New Approach for a Real-Time Non-Invasive Fatigue Assessment System for Automated Driving ↗ · 2018 · Feldhütter, Anna et al. · indexed
115. The Effects of Driving Situation on Sleepiness Indicators after Sleep Loss: A Driving Simulator Study · 2009 · ANUND, Anna et al. · archived
116. A Framework for Instantaneous Driver Drowsiness Detection Based on Improved HOG Features and Naïve Bayesian Classification ↗ · 2021 · Bakheet, Samy et al. · indexed
117. Driver Monitoring System Using Computer Vision for Real-Time Detection of Fatigue, Distraction and Emotion via Facial Landmarks and Deep Learning. · 2026 · Zambrano, Tamia et al. · archived
118. A Study on the Correlation Between Driving Behavior and ECG Data in Driving Fatigue. ↗ · 2026 · Wang J et al. · indexed
119. A Vision-Based System for Monitoring the Loss of Attention in Automotive Drivers · 2013 · Dasgupta, Anirban et al. · archived
120. Detection and Predictive Analysis of Drowsiness Using Non-contact Doppler Sensor · 2025 · In, Chung Kyo et al. · archived
121. Vision-based method for detecting driver drowsiness and distraction in driver monitoring system ↗ · 2011 · Jo, Jaeik · indexed
122. Correlation of Steering Behavior with Heavy-Truck Driver Fatigue ↗ · 1996 · Siegmund, Gunter P. et al. · indexed
123. Electrooculogram analysis and development of a system for defining stages of drowsiness ↗ · 2004 · Thorslund, Birgitta · indexed
124. Examining signs of driver sleepiness, usage of sleepiness countermeasures and the associations with sleepy driving behaviours and individual factors · 2015 · Watling, Christopher N. et al. · archived
125. Advanced Driver Fatigue Research · 2007 · Eskandarian, Azim et al. · archived
126. Real-time Driver Drowsiness Detection for Android Application Using Deep Neural Networks Techniques ↗ · 2018 · Jabbar, Rateb et al. · indexed
127. Using driver's head movements evolution as a drowsiness indicator ↗ · 2004 · Popieul, Jean‐Christophe et al. · indexed
128. Driving simulator experiments to study drowsiness: A systematic review ↗ · 2020 · Soares, Sónia et al. · indexed
129. Detecting Driver Drowsiness Based on Sensors: A Review ↗ · 2012 · Sahayadhas, Arun et al. · indexed
130. Automation Detection of Driver Fatigue Using Visual Behavior Variables · 2018 · Yonggang, Wang et al. · archived
131. Towards a Reliable Ground Truth for Drowsiness: A Complexity Analysis on the Example of Driver Fatigue ↗ · 2020 · Kundinger, Thomas et al. · indexed
132. Drowsiness assessment using electroencephalogram in driving simulator environment ↗ · 2015 · Akbar, Izzat Aulia et al. · indexed
133. Predicting Driver Fatigue in Monotonous Automated Driving with Explanation using GPBoost and SHAP ↗ · 2021 · Zhou, Feng et al. · indexed
134. Development of Game-Like System Using Active Behavior Input for Wakefulness-Keeping Support in Driving · 2020 · Ibe, Tatsuro et al. · archived
135. Development of Drowsiness Detection Method by Integrating Heart Rate Variability Analysis and Multivariate Statistical Process Control ↗ · 2016 · Abe, Erika et al. · indexed
136. The utility of the AusEd driving simulator in the clinical assessment of driver fatigue · 2007 · Desai, Anup V. et al. · archived
137. It’s Out of Our Hands Now! Effects of Non-Driving Related Tasks During Highly Automated Driving on Drivers’ Fatigue ↗ · 2017 · Jarosch, Oliver et al. · indexed
138. How to Reduce Work-Related Road Deaths? Driver Fatigue Monitoring – Case Study · 2025 · DAVIDOVIĆ, Jelica et al. · archived
139. Driving Fatigue Detection from EEG Using a Modified PCANet Method ↗ · 2019 · Ma, Yuliang et al. · indexed
140. Prevalence of Drowsy Driving Crashes: Estimates from a Large-Scale Naturalistic Driving Study · 2018 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
141. Countermeasures to Reduce Drowsy Driving: Results of a Literature Review and Discussions with Experts · 2022 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
142. Potential for driver attention monitoring system development · 1984 · NHTSA · archived
143. Feeling sleepy? stop driving—awareness of fall asleep crashes · 2023 · Anderson, Clare et al. · archived
144. Correlation of Heavy-Truck Driver Fatigue with Vehicle-Based Control Measures ↗ · 1995 · Siegmund, Gunter P. et al. · indexed
145. Application of Fully Adaptive Symbolic Representation to Driver Mental Fatigue Detection Based on Body Posture ↗ · 2021 · Ansari, Shahzeb et al. · indexed
146. ID3RSNet: cross-subject driver drowsiness detection from raw single-channel EEG with an interpretable residual shrinkage network · 2025 · Feng, Xiao et al. · archived
147. Potential for driver attention monitoring system development · 1985 · Bishop, H. et al. · archived
148. Real-Time System for Driver Fatigue Detection Based on a Recurrent Neuronal Network ↗ · 2020 · Ed-Doughmi, Younes et al. · indexed
149. Brain Dynamics in Predicting Driving Fatigue Using a Recurrent Self-Evolving Fuzzy Neural Network · 2015 · Liu, Yuting et al. · archived
150. Impact of Missing Inter-Beat Intervals on Heart Rate Variability Features and Driver Drowsiness Detection ↗ · 2025 · Styanidis, Aristotelis et al. · indexed
151. Vision-Based Fatigue Driving Recognition Method Integrating Heart Rate and Facial Features ↗ · 2020 · Du, Guanglong et al. · indexed
152. Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Safety · 2009 · Tregear, Michelle L. et al. · archived
153. Particle swarm optimization of feedforward neural networks for the detection of drowsy driving ↗ · 2008 · Sandberg, David et al. · indexed
154. Vehicle and Highway Adaptations to Compensate for Sleepy Drivers ↗ · 2019 · Howard, Mark E. et al. · indexed
155. Development of sleepiness in professional truck drivers: Real‐road testing for driver drowsiness and attention warning (<scp>DDAW</scp>) system evaluation · 2024 · Ahlström, Christer et al. · archived
156. Driver Behavior Analysis for Safe Driving: A Survey ↗ · 2015 · Kaplan, Sinan et al. · indexed
157. An Investigation of Drowsy Lane Departures from Driving Simulator Studies ↗ · 2026 · Schwarz, Chris et al. · indexed
158. Improving Methods to Measure Attentiveness through Driver Monitoring · 2022 · Miller, Marty et al. · archived
159. Evaluation of Lane Departure Warnings for Drowsy Drivers · 2006 · Blommer, Mike et al. · archived
160. Multimodal Features for Detection of Driver Stress and Fatigue: Review · 2020 · Němcová, Andrea et al. · archived
161. Drowsiness in Conditional Automation: Proneness, diagnosis and driving performance effects ↗ · 2016 · Gonçalves, Joel et al. · indexed
162. Driver’s Fatigue Detection Based on Yawning Extraction ↗ · 2014 · Alioua, Nawal et al. · indexed
163. Research On Vehicle-Based Driver Status/Performance Monitoring, Part I · 1996 · Wierwille, Walter W. et al. · archived
164. Driver Alertness and Fatigue: Summary of Completed Research Projects, 1995-98 · 2000 · NHTSA · archived
165. Driver Cognitive Load Classification Based on Physiological Data—Case Study 7 · 2021 · He, Dengbo et al. · archived
166. Driver Drowsiness Multi-Method Detection for Vehicles with Autonomous Driving Functions ↗ · 2024 · Beles, Horia et al. · indexed
167. Crashes &amp; Fatalities Related To Driver Drowsiness/Fatigue · 1994 · NHTSA · archived
168. Detecting passive fatigue with brain-computer interface in drowsy driving and stroke rehabilitation ↗ · 2019 · Foong, Ruyi · indexed
169. Unsupervised Patterns of Driver Mental Fatigue State Based on Head Posture Using Gaussian Mixture Model ↗ · 2020 · Ansari, Shahzeb et al. · indexed
170. Drowsiness Mitigation Through Driver State Monitoring Systems: A Scoping Review ↗ · 2024 · Ayas, Suzan et al. · indexed
171. Real-Time Detection System of Driver Distraction Using Machine Learning · 2013 · Tango, Fabio et al. · archived
172. Evaluating the Effect of Fatigue on Driver’s Performance · 2024 · Jirgl, Miroslav et al. · archived
173. Driver State and Behavior Detection Through Smart Wearables · 2021 · Tavakoli, Arash et al. · archived
174. Wireless and Wearable EEG System for Evaluating Driver Vigilance ↗ · 2014 · Lin, Chin‐Teng et al. · indexed
175. The effect of three low-cost engineering treatments on driver fatigue: A driving simulator study · 2013 · Merat, Natasha et al. · archived
176. Drowsy Driving Detection Based on the Driver's Head Movement using Infrared Sensors ↗ · 2008 · Heo, Seongkook · indexed
177. Intelligent driver monitoring systems based on physiological sensor signals: A review ↗ · 2013 · Begum, Shahina · indexed
178. In-Vehicle Stress Monitoring Based on EEG Signal · 2017 · Begum, Shahina et al. · archived
179. A Methodological Review on Prediction of Multi-Stage Hypovigilance Detection Systems Using Multimodal Features · 2021 · Abbas, Qaisar et al. · archived
180. Drivers Performance Evaluation using Physiological Measurement in a Driving Simulator ↗ · 2018 · Koohestani, Afsaneh et al. · indexed
181. Exploratory Development of Algorithms for Determining Driver Attention Status · 2024 · Herbers, Eileen et al. · archived
182. Effectiveness of Workload-Based Drowsy Driving Countermeasures ↗ · 2019 · Rayes, Freddy et al. · indexed
183. Effects of Partial and Total Sleep Deprivation On Driving Performance · 1999 · Peters, Robert D. et al. · archived
184. Drowsy Driving and Automobile Crashes: Report and Recommendations. · 2013 · NHTSA · archived
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186. Asleep at the Wheel–the Road to Addressing Drowsy Driving · 2017 · Higgins, J. Stephen et al. · archived
187. Drowsy Driving and Automobile Crashes · 1998 · NHTSA · archived
188. SUITABILITY OF HEART RATE RECORDING AS PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASURES TOOL TO DETERMINE DRIVERS' PERFORMANCE IMPAIRMENT: A PRELIMINARY STUDY · 2016 · Khamis, Nor Kamaliana et al. · archived
189. Non-intrusive Drowsiness Detection Techniques and Their Application in Detecting Early Dementia in Older Drivers ↗ · 2022 · Jan, Muhammad Tanveer et al. · indexed
190. Countermeasures That Work – Drowsy Driving [Traffic Tech] · 2021 · NHTSA · archived
191. Stationary gaze entropy predicts lane departure events in sleep-deprived drivers · 2018 · Shiferaw, Brook et al. · archived
192. Statistical, Probability and Spectral Analysis of Test Driver Trajectories - 24 Hours Monitoring ↗ · 2016 · Havlíková, Marie et al. · indexed
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194. Driver distraction detection and recognition using RGB-D sensor · 2015 · Craye, Celine et al. · archived
195. Drowsy Driving in Fatal Crashes, United States, 2017–2021 · 2024 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
196. Camera-Based Driver Monitoring System for Abnormal Behavior Detection · 2020 · Aljaafreh, Ahmad · archived
197. Uppiggande effekter av sömnskattningar: Hur påverkar det GSR och förarövervakning? · 2026 · Ahlström, Christer et al. · archived
198. An Effective Framework for Driver Fatigue Recognition Based on Intelligent Facial Expressions Analysis ↗ · 2018 · Khan, Sajid Ali et al. · indexed
199. DEVELOPMENT OF A DROWSINESS WARNING SYSTEM ↗ · 1995 · Kaneda, Masayuki et al. · indexed
200. A Review of Psychophysiological Measures to Assess Cognitive States in Real-World Driving · 2019 · Strayer, David L. · archived
201. Driver Inattention Monitoring System for Intelligent Vehicles: A Review ↗ · 2011 · Dong, Yanchao et al. · indexed
202. Development of drowsy driving accident prediction by heart rate variability analysis ↗ · 2014 · Abe, Erika et al. · indexed
203. Drivers Awareness Evaluation using Physiological Measurement in a Driving Simulator ↗ · 2019 · Koohestani, Afsaneh et al. · indexed
204. Testing of commercially available fatigue monitors ↗ · 1991 · Haworth, Narelle et al. · indexed
205. Driver Impairment Detection and Safety Enhancement Through Comprehensive Volatility Analysis · 2020 · Khattak, Asad J. et al. · archived
206. The Prevalence and Impact of Drowsy Driving · 2010 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
207. A DEEP LEARNING APPROACH FOR NOISY IMAGE CLASSIFICATION IN AUTOMATED DRIVER DROWSINESS DETECTION ↗ · 2021 · Hussein, Marwa K. et al. · indexed
208. In-vehicle fragrance administration as a countermeasure for driver fatigue · 2024 · Dahlman, Anna Sjörs et al. · archived
209. Identifying the Causes of Drivers’ Hazardous States Using Driver Characteristics, Vehicle Kinematics, and Physiological Measurements · 2018 · Darzi, Ali et al. · archived
210. Automatic stress detection in car drivers based on non-invasive physiological signals using machine learning techniques · 2023 · Siam, Ali I. et al. · archived
211. The Long Road Home: Driving Performance and Ocular Measurements of Drowsiness Following Night Shift-Work · 2013 · Horrey, William J. et al. · archived
212. The Influence of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems on Fatigue Development Among Long-Haul Truck Drivers · 2025 · Huang, Chunxi et al. · archived
213. Assessment of Driver Monitoring Systems for Alcohol Impairment Detection and Level 2 Automation · 2024 · Prendez, David M et al. · archived
214. Analysis of Naturalistic Driving Data to Assess Distraction and Drowsiness in Drivers of Commercial Motor Vehicles · 2021 · Hammond, Rebecca L. et al. · archived
215. Fatigue risk management based on self-reported fatigue: Expanding a biomathematical model of fatigue-related performance deficits to also predict subjective sleepiness ↗ · 2021 · McCauley, Mark et al. · indexed
216. Investigating Driver Fatigue versus Alertness Using the Granger Causality Network · 2015 · Kong, Wanzeng et al. · archived
217. Classification of Driver Cognitive Load: Exploring the Benefits of Fusing Eye-Tracking and Physiological Measures ↗ · 2022 · He, Dengbo et al. · indexed
218. Monitoring Driver Fatigue Via Driving Performance ↗ · 2020 · Fairclough, Stephen · indexed
219. Physiological Methods and Measurements in Driving Simulation ↗ · 2004 · Rizzo, Matthew · indexed
220. Comprehensive study of driver behavior monitoring systems using computer vision and machine learning techniques · 2024 · Furht, Borko · archived
221. Why Do People Have Drowsy Driving Crashes? Input from Drivers Who Just Did · 1999 · Stutts, Jane C. et al. · archived
222. Comparative analysis of drowsiness and performance in conditionally automated driving and manual driving considering the effect of circadian rhythm ↗ · 2022 · Zhang, Qi et al. · indexed
223. Driver inattention and highway safety · 1985 · Sussman, E. D. et al. · archived
224. Real-Time Detection of Driver Cognitive Distraction Using Support Vector Machines ↗ · 2007 · Liang, Yulan et al. · indexed
225. Impact of Local/Short Haul Operations on Driver Fatigue [Report] · 2000 · Hanowski, Richard J. · archived
226. Analyzing Gaze Data During Rest Time/Driving Simulator Operation Using Machine Learning · 2022 · Fujikake, Kazuhiro et al. · archived
227. Why Do People Have Drowsy Driving Crashes? Input From Drivers Who Just Did · 1999 · Vaughn, Bradley V. et al. · archived
228. Prevalence of Self-Reported Drowsy Driving, United States: 2015 · 2015 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
229. Driver impairment detection using decision tree based feature selection and classification ↗ · 2023 · Çetinkaya, Mert et al. · indexed
230. Music as a countermeasure to fatigue: A driving simulator study · 2024 · Orsini, Federico et al. · archived
231. DrowSFormer-XAI: A Cross-Attentive Neural Network-Transformer Fusion Framework for Drowsiness Detection with Explainable AI · 2026 · Rajalingam, Kathirvel et al. · archived
232. Driver fatigue detection : A survey ↗ · 2009 · Coetzer, R.C. et al. · indexed
233. Multimodal Driver State Modeling through Unsupervised Learning · 2021 · Tavakoli, Arash et al. · archived
234. CVO driver fatigue and complex in-vehicle systems · 1997 · Lee, Jacsik et al. · archived
235. MEASUREMENT OF HEART RATE TO DETERMINE CAR DRIVERS' PERFORMANCE IMPAIRMENT IN SIMULATED DRIVING: AN OVERVIEW ↗ · 2016 · Ismail, Faizul Rizal et al. · indexed
236. Low-light driver drowsiness detection for real-time safety assistance using dual attention mechanisms in deep learning model. · 2026 · Saxena S et al. · archived
237. Revised Estimates Of The U.S. Drowsy Driver Crash Problem Size Based On General Estimates System Case Reviews · 1995 · NHTSA · archived
238. Three-in-One Vehicle Operator Sensor · 1995 · Hamlin, Richard P. · archived
239. Objective and subjective measures of sleepiness, and their associations with on‐road driving events in shift workers ↗ · 2012 · Ftouni, Suzanne et al. · indexed
240. Effects of Sleep Schedules on Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Performance - Part 2 [Tech Brief] · 2000 · NHTSA · archived
241. Spectral analysis of heart rate variability as an indicator of driver fatigue ↗ · 1982 · Egelund, Niels · indexed
242. Fatigue and mental underload further pronounced in L3 conditionally automated driving: Results from an EEG experiment on a test track · 2024 · Figalova, Nikol et al. · archived
243. Drowsy Driving Among Older Adults: A Literature Review · 2010 · Zanier, Nicole et al. · archived
244. Classification of Driver Cognitive Load in Conditionally Automated Driving: Utilizing Electrocardiography and Eye Tracking · 2024 · Shi, Wenxin et al. · archived
245. The arousal paradox in critical task performance in automated driving during sleep inertia using a quasi experimental approach · 2025 · Tomzig, Markus et al. · archived
246. Fatigued driving : prevalence, risk factors and groups, and the law ↗ · 2009 · Radun, Igor · indexed
247. Impact of Sleeper Berth Usage on Commercial Driver Fatigue, Task 1 · 1999 · NHTSA · archived
248. Changing Behaviors to Prevent Drowsy Driving and Promote Traffic Safety: Review of Proven, Promising, and Unproven Techniques · 1998 · Nguyen, Lan T. et al. · archived
249. Truck Driver Fatigue Assessment Using a Virtual Reality System · 2016 · Ali, Ayman et al. · archived
250. DriveAware: Multimodal Wearable Sensing–Based Machine Learning Approaches to Detect Driver Distraction ↗ · 2026 · Montaser, Heba et al. · indexed
251. Joint Driver State Classification Approach: Face Classification Model Development and Facial Feature Analysis Improvement ↗ · 2025 · Akhmedov, Farkhod et al. · indexed
252. Enhancing Mental Fatigue Detection through Physiological Signals and Machine Learning Using Contextual Insights and Efficient Modelling ↗ · 2023 · Cos, Carole-Anne et al. · indexed
253. Tracking drivers’ minds: Continuous evaluation of mental load and cognitive processing in a realistic driving simulator scenario by means of the EEG ↗ · 2023 · Wascher, Edmund et al. · indexed
254. Driver State Modeling through Latent Variable State Space Framework in the Wild · 2022 · Tavakoli, Arash et al. · archived
255. Relation between time to falling asleep behind the wheel on a closed track and changes in subsidiary reaction time during prolonged driving on a motorway ↗ · 1986 · Lisper, Hans–Olof et al. · indexed
256. Detecting driver distraction using stimuli-response EEG analysis · 2019 · Bajwa, Garima et al. · archived
257. The Psychomotor Vigilance Test Compared to a Divided Attention Steering Simulation in Patients with Moderate or Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea ↗ · 2020 · Huang Y et al. · indexed
258. 2012 Traffic Safety Culture Index: Motorists Admit to Driving Drowsy · 2012 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
259. Identifying Deviations from Normal Driving Behavior · 2022 · Hananeh Alambeigi, H et al. · archived
260. Real-time monitoring of driver distraction: State-of-the-art and future insights · 2023 · Michelaraki, Eva et al. · archived
261. Real-Time Driver's Stress Event Detection ↗ · 2011 · Rigas, George et al. · indexed
262. Review of Eye-related Measures of Drivers’ Mental Workload ↗ · 2015 · Marquart, Gerhard et al. · indexed
263. Classification of Driver Cognitive Load based on Physiological Data: Exploring Recurrent Neural Networks · 2022 · Kumar, Shekhar et al. · archived
264. Estimating vigilance from the pre‐work shift sleep using an under‐mattress sleep sensor ↗ · 2024 · Manners, Jack et al. · indexed
265. Non-intrusive Driver Fatigue and Stress Monitoring Using Ambient Vibration Sensing · 2017 · Noh, Hae Young et al. · archived
266. Assessment of Drowsy Driving Associated Characteristics Using Deep Learning ↗ · 2023 · Naeem, Marwan et al. · indexed
267. Development of a Camera-Based Driver State Monitoring System for Cost-Effective Embedded Solution ↗ · 2020 · Zhou, Xunfei et al. · indexed
268. Identification of driving simulator sessions of depressed drivers: A comparison between aggregated and time-series classification · 2020 · Katrakazas, Christos et al. · archived
269. A bibliometric review of research on driver fatigue under conditional automated driving ↗ · 2026 · Ni, Dingan et al. · indexed
270. Low-Latency Embedded Driver Monitoring System with a Multi-Task Neural Network · 2026 · Scribano, Carmelo et al. · archived
271. Driver Fatigue Detection Systems Using Multi-Sensors, Smartphone, and Cloud-Based Computing Platforms: A Comparative Analysis ↗ · 2020 · Abbas, Qaisar et al. · indexed
272. Revised estimates of the U.S. drowsy driver crash problem size based on general estimates system case reviews ↗ · 1995 · Knipling, R R et al. · indexed
273. COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE DRIVER FATIGUE AND ALERTNESS STUDY: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ↗ · 1996 · Wylie, Carol et al. · indexed
274. Driver Fatigue and Accidents - Can Visual Sensitivity Predict Drivers Ability to Drive Safely ? ↗ · 2000 · Alm, Håkan · indexed
275. DRIVER FATIGUE: CONCEPTS, MEASUREMENT AND CRASH COUNTERMEASURES ↗ · 1988 · Haworth, Narelle et al. · indexed
276. Accident Prevention System for Cars, Buses, Trucks · 2024 · Garje, Avantika · archived
277. Semantically-Enhanced Feature Extraction with CLIP and Transformer Networks for Driver Fatigue Detection ↗ · 2024 · Gao, Zhen et al. · indexed
278. The Evolution of Driver Monitoring Systems: A Shortened Story on Past, Current and Future Approaches How Cars Acquire Knowledge About the Driver's State ↗ · 2020 · Manstetten, Dietrich et al. · indexed
279. Beyond Detection: A Systematic Review of Driver Passive Fatigue Prevention and Mitigation Strategies ↗ · 2025 · Rasouli, Shiva et al. · indexed
280. The NHTSA &amp; NCSDR Program to Combat Drowsy Driving: A Report to Congress on the Collaboration between National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the National Center on Sleep Disorders Research (NCSDR) · 1999 · NHTSA · archived
281. Crashes and Fatalities Related to Driver Drowsiness/Fatigue ↗ · 1994 · Knipling, R R · indexed
282. A Multi-Camera Deep Neural Network for Detecting Elevated Alertness in Drivers · 2018 · Gideon, John et al. · archived
283. Prevalence of Motor Vehicle Crashes Involving Drowsy Drivers, United States, 2009-2013 · 2014 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
284. The Maintenance of Wakefulness Test and Driving Simulator Performance ↗ · 2005 · Banks, Siobhan et al. · indexed
285. Predicting Changes in Driving Safety Performance on an Individualized Level Under Naturalistic Driving Conditions · 2019 · Cavuoto, Lora et al. · archived
286. Impact of Local/Short-Haul Operations on Driver Fatigue: Field Study [TechBrief] · 2001 · NHTSA · archived
287. Active and passive fatigue in simulated driving: Discriminating styles of workload regulation and their safety impacts. · 2013 · Saxby, Dyani et al. · archived
288. Estimate of Driver&amp;#8217;s Fatigue Through Steering Motion ↗ · 2006 · TAKEI, Yasuhito et al. · indexed
289. Accident Prevention System for Drivers Safety · 2025 · Garje, Avantika · archived
290. Context-Aware Quantitative Risk Assessment Machine Learning Model for Drivers Distraction · 2024 · Fasanmade, Adebamigbe et al. · archived
291. Monitoring Driver Physiological Parameters for Improved Safety ↗ · 2006 · Partin, Dale L. et al. · indexed
292. Awareness of sleepiness when driving ↗ · 2003 · Horne, James A. et al. · indexed
293. On-the-Fly Sleep Scoring Algorithm with Heart Rate, RR Intervals and Accelerometer as Input ↗ · 2025 · Guagnano, Michele et al. · indexed
294. Wakefulness-Keeping Effect and Driving Safety by Active Action While Driving · 2017 · Ibe, Tatsuro et al. · archived
295. Motorcoach Driver Fatigue Study 2011 · 2012 · Belenky, Gregory et al. · archived
296. Owl and Lizard: Patterns of Head Pose and Eye Pose in Driver Gaze Classification · 2015 · Fridman, Lex et al. · archived
297. Assessment of driver fatigue-related brain responses and causal factors during driving under different traffic conditions · 2024 · Adachi, Masataka et al. · archived
298. Multimodal Sensing and Computational Intelligence for Situation Awareness Classification in Autonomous Driving ↗ · 2023 · Liang, Nade et al. · indexed
299. The impact of alcohol consumption on commercial eye blink drowsiness detection technology ↗ · 2023 · Cori, Jennifer M. et al. · indexed
300. Subjective sleepiness is a sensitive indicator of insufficient sleep and impaired waking function ↗ · 2014 · Åkerstedt, Torbjörn et al. · indexed
301. The effect of daylight versus darkness on driver sleepiness: a driving simulator study ↗ · 2018 · Ahlström, Christer et al. · indexed
302. Fatigue States are Multidimensional: Evidence from Studies of Simulated Driving ↗ · 2007 · Saxby, Dyani et al. · indexed
303. Research on drowsiness detection in UAV operators based on the random decision forest method · 2026 · Wojtowicz, Konrad et al. · archived
304. An Eye-Fixation Related Electroencephalography Technique for Predicting Situation Awareness: Implications for Driver State Monitoring Systems ↗ · 2023 · Liang, Nade et al. · indexed
305. What's on your mind? A Mental and Perceptual Load Estimation Framework towards Adaptive In-vehicle Interaction while Driving · 2022 · Gomaa, Amr et al. · archived
306. Probability of Detection (POD)-based Metric for Evaluation of Classifiers Used in Driving Behavior Prediction · 2019 · Ameyaw, Daniel Adofo et al. · archived
307. Detection of driver manual distraction via image-based hand and ear recognition · 2020 · Li, Li et al. · archived
308. Towards Intelligent Data Analytics: A Case Study in Driver Cognitive Load Classification ↗ · 2020 · Barua, Shaibal et al. · indexed
309. A framework for context-aware driver status assessment systems · 2013 · Craye, Céline · archived
310. Countermeasures to Loss of Alertness in Motor Vehicle Drivers: A Taxonomy and Evaluation ↗ · 1991 · Mackie, Robert R. et al. · indexed
311. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and Eye tracking for Cognitive Load classification in a Driving Simulator Using Deep Learning · 2024 · Khan, Mehshan Ahmed et al. · archived
312. Road Vehicle Automation and Its Effects on Fatigue, Sleep, Rest, and Recuperation ↗ · 2023 · Ahlström, Christer et al. · indexed
313. Counteracting driver fatigue in the context of conditional automated driving: an individualized and overarching approach ↗ · 2026 · Loew, Alexandra et al. · indexed
314. Analysis of Causal Factor of Driver Fatigue in the Driving in Different Driving Conditions ↗ · 2024 · Adachi, Masataka et al. · indexed
315. Detecting fatigued drivers with vehicle simulators ↗ · 2019 · Stein, Anthony C. · indexed
316. A non-rigid motion estimation algorithm for yawn detection in human drivers ↗ · 2009 · Mohanty, Mihir et al. · indexed
317. Thermal imaging for the detection of driver impairment: evidence from a high-fidelity driving simulator study · 2026 · Göbel, Jan-Philipp et al. · archived
318. Classifying Drivers' Cognitive Load Using EEG Signals ↗ · 2017 · Barua Shaibal et al. · indexed
319. Real-time monitoring of driver cognitive states: linking driving behavior to neural oscillations ↗ · 2026 · Alyan, Emad et al. · indexed
320. A Fuzzy-Logic Approach to Dynamic Bayesian Severity Level Classification of Driver Distraction Using Image Recognition · 2020 · Fasanmade, Adebamigbe et al. · archived
321. Classification of Inter-Urban Highway Drivers’ Resting Behavior for Advanced Driver-Assistance System Technologies using Vehicle Trajectory Data from Car Navigation Systems · 2020 · Choi, Jaeheon et al. · archived
322. Age and gender comparisons of driving while sleepy: Behaviours and risk perceptions · 2011 · Obst, Patricia et al. · archived
323. Effects of Driver Fatigue Monitoring – An Expert Survey · 2007 · Karrer, Katja et al. · archived
324. Classification of Human Driver Distraction Using 3D Convolutional Neural Networks ↗ · 2023 · Kwakye, Kelvin et al. · indexed
325. Detection and Prediction of Driver Drowsiness for the Prevention of Road Accidents Using Deep Neural Networks Techniques · 2021 · Nasri, Ismail et al. · archived
326. Commercial Truck Driver Fatigue, Alertness, and Countermeasures Survey · 1999 · NHTSA · archived
327. A Study of Prevalence of Sleep Apnea Among Commercial Truck Drivers [Final Report] · 2002 · Pack, Allan I. et al. · archived
328. Evaluation on induction of driver fatigue in driving different traffic condition: An EEG study ^* ↗ · 2023 · Adachi, Masataka et al. · indexed
329. How to Counteract Driver Fatigue during Conditional Automated Driving—A Systematic Review ↗ · 2024 · Loew, Alexandra et al. · indexed
330. Advancements in the Intelligent Detection of Driver Fatigue and Distraction: A Comprehensive Review ↗ · 2024 · Fu, Shichen et al. · indexed
331. Identifying changes in EEG information transfer during drowsy driving by transfer entropy ↗ · 2015 · Huang, Chih-Sheng et al. · indexed
332. Sleep Inertia Countermeasures in Automated Driving: A Concept of Cognitive Stimulation ↗ · 2020 · Wörle, Johanna et al. · indexed
333. The Interaction Between Highly Automated Driving and the Development of Drowsiness ↗ · 2015 · Schömig, Nadja et al. · indexed
334. Sleepiness, Driving, and Motor Vehicle Crashes ↗ · 1998 · Lyznicki, James M. · indexed
335. Deep InSight: A Driver-State Estimation Platform for Processing Naturalistic Driving Data · 2024 · Sharma, Anuj et al. · archived
336. How Facial Features Convey Attention in Stationary Environments · 2022 · Domantay, Janelle et al. · archived
337. Enhancing the Performance of a Model to Predict Driving Distraction with the Random Forest Classifier ↗ · 2021 · Ahangari, Samira et al. · indexed
338. Using vehicle-based sensors of driver behavior to detect alcohol impairment. · 2011 · Lee, John et al. · archived
339. Driver sleepiness ↗ · 1995 · Horne, James A. et al. · indexed
340. Subjective awareness of sleepiness while driving in younger and older adults · 2023 · Cai, Anna W.T. et al. · archived
341. Drivers’ subjective perceptions of the contextual factors influencing fatigue: A qualitative study of suburban bus drivers in Iran ↗ · 2022 · Khanehshenas, Farin et al. · indexed
342. Directed Brain Network Analysis for Fatigue Driving Based on EEG Source Signals ↗ · 2022 · Qin, Yingmei et al. · indexed
343. Detection of Driver Cognitive Distraction Using Driver Performance Measures, Eye-Tracking Data and a D-FFNN Model ↗ · 2023 · Shajari, Arian et al. · indexed
344. Gaze dynamics reveal age-related physiological patterns across driving events ↗ · 2026 · Strle, Gregor et al. · indexed
345. Human-Centered Multi-Sensor Framework for Identifying Driving Patterns Associated with Cognitive Decline Through Quantitative Analysis · 2026 · Moshfeghi, Sonia et al. · archived
346. A Portable Multi-Modal Cushion for Continuous Monitoring of a Driver’s Vital Signs · 2023 · Linschmann, Onno et al. · archived
347. The 10-Year Risk of Verifed Motor Vehicle Crashes in Relation to Physiologic Sleepiness ↗ · 2010 · Drake, Christopher L. et al. · indexed
348. Lane keeping performances subjected to whole-body vibrations · 2018 · Azizan, Amzar et al. · archived
349. Cognitive Workload Estimation in Conditionally Automated Vehicles Using Transformer Networks Based on Physiological Data · 2024 · Wang, Ange et al. · archived
350. Relations Between Performance and Subjective Ratings of Sleepiness During a Night Awake ↗ · 1994 · Gillberg, Mats et al. · indexed
351. How to measure monotony-related fatigue? A systematic review of fatigue measurement methods for use on driving tests ↗ · 2018 · Bier, Lukas et al. · indexed
352. Can Pupillometry be used to Detect Driver Hazard Awareness? ↗ · 2024 · Tamura, Kimimasa et al. · indexed
353. Automated Vehicle Driver Monitoring Dataset from Real-World Scenarios · 2024 · Sabry, Mohamed et al. · archived
354. Impairment of Driving Performance Caused by Sleep Deprivation or Alcohol: A Comparative Study ↗ · 1999 · Fairclough, Stephen et al. · indexed
355. Sleepiness and driving: the experience of UK car drivers ↗ · 1996 · Maycock, G · indexed
356. Evidence Report: Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Safety (Comprehensive Review): Volume 1 [November 21 2007] · 2007 · NHTSA · archived
357. Measuring and Predicting Drivers’ Takeover Readiness and Supporting Takeover Transitions in Automated Driving · 2023 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
358. Comparison of Video-based Driver Gaze Region Estimation Techniques ↗ · 2022 · Yang, Tongxiao et al. · indexed
359. Next-Day Effects of Social Drinking on Driver Fatigue and Driving Performance · 2026 · Ahlström, Christer et al. · archived
360. Individual differences in peripheral physiology and implications for the real-time assessment of driver state (phase I &amp; II). · 2013 · Reimer, Bryan · archived
361. Quantitative Identification of Driver Distraction: A Weakly Supervised Contrastive Learning Approach · 2023 · Yang, Haohan et al. · archived
362. Data and methods for studying commercial motor vehicle driver fatigue, highway safety and long-term driver health · 2018 · Stern, Hal S. et al. · archived
363. Survey and Synthesis of State of the Art in Driver Monitoring · 2021 · Halin, Anaïs et al. · archived
364. MONITORING DRIVER STATUS THROUGH IN-VEHICLE PARAMETERS ↗ · 1991 · Brookhuis, Karel · indexed
365. Functional Equivalence of Sleep Loss and Time on Task Effects in Sustained Attention ↗ · 2017 · Veksler, Bella Z. et al. · indexed
366. Predicting cognitive load in immersive driving scenarios with a hybrid CNN-RNN model · 2024 · Khan, Mehshan Ahmed et al. · archived
367. Maintenance of Wakefulness Test as a Predictor of Driving Performance in Patients With Untreated Obstructive Sleep Apnea ↗ · 2007 · Sagaspe, Patricia et al. · indexed
368. Wake Up and Take Over! The Effect of Fatigue on the Take-over Performance in Conditionally Automated Driving ↗ · 2018 · Feldhutter, Anna et al. · indexed
369. Effects of a Motion Seat System on Driver’s Passive Task-Related Fatigue: An On-Road Driving Study ↗ · 2020 · Lee, Seunghoon et al. · indexed
370. Predicting driver takeover performance in conditionally automated driving ↗ · 2020 · Du, Na et al. · indexed
371. Understanding the drowsy driving crash patterns from correspondence regression analysis ↗ · 2022 · Das, Subasish · indexed
372. Cognitive Distraction Detection Using Gaze and Pupil with an Interpretable Approach · 2025 · Tamura, Kimimasa et al. · archived
373. Commercial Motor Vehicle (CMV) Driver Restart Study: Final Report · 2017 · Dinges, David F. et al. · archived
374. European NCAP Program Developments to Address Driver Distraction, Drowsiness and Sudden Sickness ↗ · 2021 · Fredriksson, Rikard et al. · indexed
375. Predicting Drowsy Driver Break Taking During Long Drives ↗ · 2024 · Gaspar, John et al. · indexed
376. Driver emotion recognition framework based on electrodermal activity measurements during simulated driving conditions · 2016 · Ooi, Jonathan Shi Khai et al. · archived
377. The association between physiological and eye-tracking metrics and cognitive load in drivers: A meta-analysis · 2024 · Wang, Ange et al. · archived
378. Evaluation of Drivers’ Attention Level by a Driving Simulator ↗ · 2012 · Bartolozzi, Riccardo et al. · indexed
379. Non-intrusive Detection of Driver Distraction using Machine Learning Algorithms ↗ · 2010 · Fabio, Tango et al. · indexed
380. Fatigue in transportation operations: A contextual factors survey among Iranian suburban drivers ↗ · 2023 · Khanehshenas, Farin et al. · indexed
381. Beyond Breathalyzers: Towards Pre-Driving Sobriety Testing with a Driver Monitoring Camera · 2025 · Stent, Simon et al. · archived
382. Affective Driver State Monitoring for Personalized, Adaptive ADAS ↗ · 2018 · Govindarajan, Vijay et al. · indexed
383. Iot-Enabled Real-Time Driver Monitoring System for Drowsiness and Alcohol Detection Using Arduino and OpenCV · 2026 · Rani, B Usha et al. · archived
384. Electrogastrogram-Derived Features for Automated Sickness Detection in Driving Simulator · 2022 · Jakus, Grega et al. · archived
385. Sleepiness at the wheel across Europe: a survey of 19 countries · 2015 · Gonçalves, Marta et al. · archived
386. Sleepiness, near-misses and driving accidents among a representative population of French drivers ↗ · 2010 · SAGASPE, PATRICIA et al. · indexed
387. Sensitivity and validity of psychometric tests for assessing driving impairment: effects of sleep deprivation. · 2015 · Jongen, Stefan et al. · archived
388. Using real-life alert-based data to analyse drowsiness and distraction of commercial drivers ↗ · 2018 · Ferreira, Sara et al. · indexed
389. Characterization of the effects of vibration on seated driver alertness ↗ · 2014 · Azizan, Mohd Amzar et al. · indexed
390. The Next Generation of Fatigue Prediction Models: Evaluating Current Trends in Biomathematical Modelling for Safety Optimization ↗ · 2022 · Wilson, Micah Kate et al. · indexed
391. Drivers' fatigue studies ↗ · 1997 · Milošević, Špiro · indexed
392. Driver sleepiness and risk of serious injury to car occupants: population based case control study ↗ · 2002 · Connor, Jennie et al. · indexed
393. Validity and sensitivity of a brief psychomotor vigilance test (PVT-B) to total and partial sleep deprivation · 2011 · Basner, Mathias et al. · archived
394. Associations Between Heavy-Vehicle Driver Compensation Methods, Fatigue-Related Driving Behavior, and Sleepiness ↗ · 2014 · Thompson, Jason et al. · indexed
395. Characteristics of crashes attributed to the driver having fallen asleep ↗ · 1995 · Pack, Allan I et al. · indexed
396. Multimodal Detection of Driver Distraction · 2017 · Eskenazi, Maxine et al. · archived
397. Using Smartbands, Pupillometry and Body Motion to Detect Discomfort in Automated Driving · 2018 · Beggiato, Matthias et al. · archived
398. A Transformer-Enhanced BiLSTM Model for Classifying Driver States from Physiological and Motion Signals Under Auditory Stimuli ↗ · 2025 · Shajari, Arian et al. · indexed
399. Driver identification using driving behavior signals ↗ · 2005 · Wakita, T. et al. · indexed
400. Relationship between obstructive sleep apnoea, driving simulator performance, and risk of road traffic accidents ↗ · 2001 · Turkington, P M · indexed
401. Self-reported Drowsiness and Safety Outcomes While Driving After an Extended Duration Work Shift in Trainee Physicians · 2017 · Anderson, Clare et al. · archived
402. Local changes in the wake electroencephalogram precedes lane departures ↗ · 2017 · Ahlstrom, Christer et al. · indexed
403. Synchronization-based fusion of EEG and eye blink signals for enhanced decoding accuracy · 2024 · Alyan, Emad et al. · archived
404. Regional brain wave activity changes associated with fatigue ↗ · 2012 · Craig, Ashley et al. · indexed
405. Driver Classification for Optimization of Energy Usage in a Vehicle ↗ · 2012 · Kedar-Dongarkar, Gurunath et al. · indexed
406. Driver sleepiness and risk of motor vehicle crash injuries: A population-based case control study in Fiji (TRIP 12) ↗ · 2013 · Herman, Josephine et al. · indexed
407. Driver sleepiness and individual differences in preferences for countermeasures ↗ · 2008 · Anund, Anna et al. · indexed
408. Extracting Sections of Simulated Driving Routes that Elicit Driving Responses Predictive of ADHD via Recursively Constructed Ensembles · 2022 · Grethlein, David · archived
409. Identification of a Linear Parameter Varying Driver Model for the Detection of Distraction ↗ · 2015 · Ameyoe, Ablamvi et al. · indexed
410. Freeway crashes involving drowsy driving: Crash characteristics and severity in South Korea ↗ · 2021 · Kim, Sungyop et al. · indexed
411. Effect of Drowsiness on Driver Performance and Traffic Safety ↗ · 2020 · Elbaz, Yousef et al. · indexed
412. Application of a BiLSTM Model for Detecting Driver Distraction Caused by Hand-Held Mobile Phones, Utilizing Physiological Signals and Head Motion Data ↗ · 2024 · Shajari, Arian et al. · indexed
413. Managing driver fatigue in the long-distance road transport industry: interim report of a national research programme ↗ · 2019 · Feyer, Anne-Marie et al. · indexed
414. Sleepy drivers on a slippery road: A pilot study using a driving simulator ↗ · 2021 · Radun, Igor et al. · indexed
415. Reducing passive driver fatigue through a suitable secondary motor task by means of an interactive seating system ↗ · 2022 · Lampe, Dario et al. · indexed
416. Evaluate Impact of Sleep Habit on Driving Fatigue and Safety Risk using SHRP 2 Naturalistic Driving Study ↗ · 2017 · Pérez, Miguel A. et al. · indexed
417. Fitness for Duty ↗ · 2011 · Basner, Mathias et al. · indexed
418. Sensitivity of Physiological Measures of Acute Driver Stress: A Meta-Analytic Review · 2021 · Kerautret, Laora et al. · archived
419. Toward Emotion Recognition in Car-Racing Drivers: A Biosignal Processing Approach ↗ · 2008 · Katsis, C.D. et al. · indexed
420. On validating a generic camera-based blink detection system for cognitive load assessment · 2023 · Biondi, Francesco N. et al. · archived
421. Prevalence of Fatigue and Its Determinants among Chemical Transportation Drivers in Chonburi · 2017 · Phatrabuddha, Sujee et al. · archived
422. Let Complexity Bring Clarity: A Multidimensional Assessment of Cognitive Load Using Physiological Measures · 2022 · Nilsson, Emma J. et al. · archived
423. Impact of free-choice non-driving related activities on driver fatigue and performance in the context of conditional automated driving ↗ · 2025 · Loew, Alexandra et al. · indexed
424. Habitually Sleepy Drivers Have a High Frequency of Automobile Crashes Associated with Respiratory Disorders during Sleep ↗ · 2000 · Masa, Juan F. et al. · indexed
425. Prevalence of drowsy driving and modeling its intention: An Indonesian case study ↗ · 2023 · Rahmadiyani, Rani et al. · indexed
426. Driver Fatigue and Safety: A Transactional Perspective ↗ · 2017 · Neubauer, Catherine et al. · indexed
427. Driver Identification Using Driving Behavior Signals ↗ · 2006 · Wakita, Toshihiro · indexed
428. Driver Activity Classification Using Generalizable Representations from Vision-Language Models · 2024 · Greer, Ross et al. · archived
429. Computer recognition of human emotions ↗ · 2002 · Li, H. · indexed
430. Driver’s Facial Expression Recognition in Real-Time for Safe Driving ↗ · 2018 · Jeong, Mira et al. · indexed
431. Modeling Driver Physiological State Using EEG Under Auditory Real-time Travel Information Provision · 2019 · Agrawal, Shubham et al. · archived
432. Evaluating Smartwatch-based Sleep Quality Indicators of Fitness to Work ↗ · 2017 · Yassierli et al. · indexed
433. Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms to Diagnose Stress for Vehicle Drivers Based on Physiological Sensor Signals ↗ · 2015 · Barua Shaibal et al. · indexed
434. Neural network model of human intoxication functional state determining in some problems of transport safety solution · 2018 · Akhmetvaleev, A. M. et al. · archived
435. A Comparison of Random and Sinusoidal Vibration Effect on Human Alertness Level · 2026 · Amzar Azizan, Mohd et al. · archived
436. Time-Change-Fuzzy-Based Intelligent Vehicle Control System for Safe Emergency Lane Transition During Driver Lethargic State · 2018 · Kamarulzaman, Syafiq Fauzi et al. · archived
437. Improving Driving Safety by Detecting Negative Emotions with Biological Signals: Which Is the Best? ↗ · 2022 · Habibifar, Naser et al. · indexed
438. A multimodal physiological dataset for driving behaviour analysis · 2024 · Tao, Xiaoming et al. · archived
439. Recognition of multiple drivers&amp;#x2019; emotional state ↗ · 2008 · Wang, Jinjun et al. · indexed
440. Emotion and Gesture Recognition with Soft Computing Tool for Drivers Assistance System in Human Centered Transportation ↗ · 2013 · Agrawal, Urvashi et al. · indexed
441. A real time classifier for emotion and stress recognition in a vehicle driver ↗ · 2012 · Paschero, M. et al. · indexed
442. Cepstral Analysis of Driving Behavioral Signals for Driver Identification · 2006 · Miyajima, C. et al. · archived
443. 3115 Analysis on EEG of a driver manipulating a driving simulator with PARAFAC · 2008 · NAKANO, Kimihiko et al. · archived
444. La modélisation numérique au service de la détection de la fatigue mentale ↗ · 2025 · Lambert, A. et al. · indexed
445. Why nonlinear models matter: unified analysis of cognitive load, stress, and exercise using wearable physiological signals ↗ · 2026 · Shahriar, Khondakar Ashik · indexed
446. Unsupervised Clustering of Individuals Sharing Selective Attentional Focus Using Physiological Synchrony ↗ · 2022 · Stuldreher, Ivo V. et al. · indexed
447. A Brain-Inspired Decision-Making Linear Neural Network and Its Application in Automatic Drive ↗ · 2021 · Sun, Tianjun et al. · indexed
448. Adaptation of a clinical practice guideline for Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT) ↗ · 2020 · Sadeghniiat-Haghighi, Kh et al. · indexed
449. Machine learning validation of EEG+tACS artefact removal · 2020 · Kohli, Siddharth et al. · archived
450. Data-driven subtyping of early Parkinson’s disease via mutual cross-attention fusion of EEG and dual-task gait features · 2026 · Wang, Deyu et al. · archived
451. EEG and the Test for the Early Detection of Dementia with Discrimination from Depression (TE4D): a validation study ↗ · 2004 · Brinkmeyer, Jürgen et al. · indexed
452. Facial Expressions Based Automatic Pain Assessment System ↗ · 2022 · Alghamdi, Thoria et al. · indexed
453. Adaptive battery state-of-health estimation for electric vehicles under diverse driving styles using reinforcement learning. · 2026 · Singh, S et al. · archived
454. Analysis of unsupervised learning approach for classification of vehicle fuel type using psychoacoustic features ↗ · 2024 · Milivojčević, Marko et al. · indexed
455. Deep Neural Network Based Vehicle and Pedestrian Detection for Autonomous Driving: A Survey ↗ · 2021 · Chen, Long et al. · indexed
456. An Adaptive Algorithm for Battery Charge Monitoring based on Frequency Domain Analysis ↗ · 2021 · Ganguly, Poulomi et al. · indexed
457. Switched Causal Modeling of Transmission With Clutch in Hybrid Electric Vehicles ↗ · 2008 · Lhomme, W. et al. · indexed
458. Non-Cantilever Fatigue Remaining-Life Simulation Software Using Probabilistic Wind Model for All Counties in Kansas · 2025 · Al Shboul, Khalid W et al. · archived
459. State of Charge Estimation for Lithium-Ion Battery Using Recurrent NARX Neural Network Model Based Lighting Search Algorithm ↗ · 2018 · Lipu, Molla S. Hossain et al. · indexed
460. Machine Learning Accelerated PDE Backstepping Observers · 2022 · Shi, Yuanyuan et al. · archived
461. Modeling of an Automotive Planetary Gear Set Based on Karnopp Model for Clutch Friction ↗ · 2003 · Deur, Josˇko et al. · indexed
462. Li-ion battery parameter estimation for state of charge ↗ · 2011 · Tang, Xidong et al. · indexed
463. Blockchain-Assisted Machine Learning with Hybrid Metaheuristics-Empowered Cyber Attack Detection and Classification Model ↗ · 2023 · Albakri, Ashwag et al. · indexed
464. Data-Driven Approaches for State-of-Charge Estimation in Battery Electric Vehicles Using Machine and Deep Learning Techniques ↗ · 2024 · El-Sayed, Ehab Issa et al. · indexed
465. A comparative study between causal and non-causal algorithms for the energy management of hybrid storage systems ↗ · 2013 · Pinto, Cláudio et al. · indexed
466. H∞ Switched Observer Design for Fault-Tolerant State-of-Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries ↗ · 2026 · EL YOUSSFI, Naoufal · indexed
467. Modeling and Computational Methods for Kinetic Equations · 2004 · Degond, Pierre et al. · archived
468. A Variational Bayes Based State-of-Charge Estimation for Lithium-Ion Batteries Without Sensing Current · 2021 · Hou, Jing et al. · archived
469. Enhancing the LCO 18,650 Battery Charging/Discharging Using Temperature and Electrical Based Model ↗ · 2022 · Al-Refai, Abdullah et al. · indexed