drowsiness detection algorithms

Computational models and classifiers that detect driver drowsiness, fatigue, or sleepiness from signals such as PERCLOS, blink dynamics, eyelid closure, EEG, steering and lane-keeping variability, or heart-rate features, often validated against KSS or microsleep events. Unlike gaze_based_attention_detection (looking direction / attention) and distraction_detection_algorithms (secondary-task engagement), the target state here is fatigue and falling asleep, not where attention is directed.

Relevant standards

  • Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/1341 — Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/1341 of 23 April 2021 supplementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 of the European Parliament and of the Council by laying down detailed rules concerning the specific test procedures and technical requirements for the type-approval of motor vehicles with regard to their driver drowsiness and attention warning systems and amending that Regulation
  • GB/T 39263-2020 — Road vehicles—Advanced driver assistance systems—Terms and definitions
  • GB/T 41797-2022 — Performance requirements and test methods for driver attention monitoring system
  • UN ECE R182 (draft) — Proposal for a new UN Regulation No. [182] on uniform provisions concerning the approval of motor vehicles with regard to their Driver Drowsiness and Attention Warning (DDAW) system

Related elsewhere in the corpus

Topics that co-occur with this one far more than chance predicts — these sit in other categories, so the hierarchy would not have shown them to you.

Narrow by how the study was done

Counts are papers in this topic that declare the facet — these facets are sparsely declared, so a small number means few papers said, not few papers did. All facets.

Method 1083 of 3373 declare it
Instruments & Measures 2861 of 3373 declare it
Automation level 300 of 3373 declare it
Dataset 137 of 3373 declare it

3373 paper(s) · ranked by relevance to this topic

  1. Drowsiness monitoring based on driver and driving data fusion · 2011 · Daza, Iván García et al. · archived
  2. Drowsiness Detection and Alarming System · 2025 · Girijannavar, Laxmi R et al. · archived
  3. A Survey on State-of-the-Art Drowsiness Detection Techniques · 2019 · Ramzan, Muhammad et al. · archived
  4. Analysis of Driver Drowsiness Detection using EEG and EOG · 2018 · K Firke, Omprakash et al. · archived
  5. Detecting Driver Fatigue With Eye Blink Behavior · 2024 · Akin, Ali et al. · archived
  6. Drowsiness Detection System Based on PERCLOS and Facial Physiological Signal · 2022 · Chang, Robert Chen-Hao et al. · indexed
  7. Driver Drowsiness Detection Based on Face Feature and PERCLOS · 2018 · Junaedi, Suhandi et al. · indexed
  8. Vehicle-Based Drowsy Driver Detection: Current Status and Future Prospects · 1994 · Knipling, Ronald R. et al. · archived
  9. Driver Drowsiness Detection Based on Face Feature and Perclos · 2021 · Gopi, S. et al. · indexed
  10. A drowsy driver detection system for heavy vehicles · 2002 · Grace, Richard et al. · indexed
  11. Drowsiness Detection Using Ocular Indices from EEG Signal · 2022 · Tarafder, Sreeza et al. · indexed
  12. Driver Fatigue Detection: A Survey · 2006 · Qiong Wang et al. · indexed
  13. The detection of drowsiness using a driver monitoring system · 2019 · Schwarz, Chris et al. · indexed
  14. Controlled inducement and measurement of drowsiness in a driving simulator · 2010 · De Rosario, H. et al. · indexed
  15. Driver Sleepiness Detection System Based on Eye Movements Variables · 2013 · Jin, Lisheng et al. · indexed
  16. Driving sleepiness detection using electrooculogram analysis and grey wolf optimizer · 2022 · Jasim, Sarah Saadoon et al. · indexed
  17. Driver Drowsiness Detection System · 2026 · Kushwaha, Abhishek · archived
  18. Driver Drowsiness Detection using Percentage Eye Closure Method · 2020 · Sankaran, K.Sakthidasan et al. · indexed
  19. Driver Drowsiness Detection Using Eye Movement Behavior · 2025 · Biradar, Sonali et al. · archived
  20. Video based detection of driver fatigue · 2009 · Vural, Esra · indexed
  21. Real-Time Driver Fatigue Detection for Enhanced Road Safety · 2025 · Sujathakumari B A et al. · archived
  22. Realtime Driver Drowsiness Detection Using Machine Learning · 2022 · Al Redhaei, Aneesa et al. · indexed
  23. Sober-Drive: A smartphone-assisted drowsy driving detection system · 2014 · Lunbo Xu et al. · indexed
  24. A Multi-Model Analysis for Driving Fatigue Detection using EEG Signals · 2022 · Jantan, Sadiah et al. · indexed
  25. Gazing as actual parameter for drowsiness assessment in driving simulators · 2019 · Rumagit, Arthur M. et al. · archived
  26. Development of Drowsy Driving Detection System Using EEG · 2026 · Seo, Ssang-Hee · archived
  27. Multi-sensor driver monitoring for drowsiness prediction · 2023 · Schwarz, Chris et al. · indexed
  28. Driving State Recognizing Based on Driving Behavior Signals · 2010 · Hu, Dunli et al. · indexed
  29. Driver drowsiness recognition based on computer vision technology · 2012 · Zhang, Wei et al. · indexed
  30. Detection of Driver Fatigue Caused by Sleep Deprivation · 2009 · Yang, Ji Hyun et al. · archived
  31. Driver Drowsiness Detection with Commercial EEG Headsets · 2023 · Delrobaei, Mehdi et al. · archived
  32. A contextual and temporal algorithm for driver drowsiness detection · 2018 · McDonald, Anthony D. et al. · indexed
  33. Driver Drowsiness Detection System · 2021 · V, Kiranmayee · indexed
  34. Driver Drowsiness Detection · 2024 · Zeki Ablahd, Ann et al. · archived
  35. EEG based Drowsiness Prediction Using Machine Learning Approach · 2021 · Priya, V. Vijay et al. · indexed
  36. Advanced Driver Fatigue Research · 2008 · NHTSA · archived
  37. Driver Drowsiness Detection with Commercial EEG Headsets · 2022 · Rezaee, Qazal et al. · archived
  38. A Measure of Strong Driver Fatigue · 2009 · Sommer, David et al. · indexed
  39. Driver drowsiness detection system · 2026 · Dalvi, Spandan et al. · archived
  40. Non-Intrusive Detection of Drowsy Driving Based on Eye Tracking Data · 2019 · Zandi, Ali Shahidi et al. · indexed
  41. Fusion of EEG and Eye Blink Analysis for Detection of Driver Fatigue · 2023 · Shahbakhti, Mohammad et al. · indexed
  42. Research on Driving Fatigue Detection Based on PERCLOS · 2017 · ZHANG, CUIQING et al. · indexed
  43. Real-Time Detection of Drowsiness Related Lane Departures Using Steering Wheel Angle · 2012 · McDonald, Anthony D. et al. · indexed
  44. Driver fatigue monitoring method based on eyes state classification · 2008 · Yanli Liu et al. · indexed
  45. An Effective Driver Fatigue Monitoring System · 2010 · Zhang, Shanshan et al. · indexed
  46. Drowsiness Detection of Driver · 2022 · Jyothi, B et al. · indexed
  47. Drowsy Driver Monitor and Warning System · 2001 · Grace, Richard et al. · indexed
  48. Driver Fatigue Detection Based on Machine Vision · 2018 · Jiang, Junye et al. · indexed
  49. Driver Drowsiness Detection Using ECG Signals and Machine Learning Models · 2022 · Mansour Alnasheet, Meshal · indexed
  50. Real-Time Driver Fatigue Detection Based on Eye State Recognition · 2013 · Sun, Chao et al. · indexed
  51. Behavioral Indicators of Drowsy Driving: Active Search Mirror Checks · 2022 · Meyer, Jason E. et al. · archived
  52. Drowsy Driver Detection Using Discriminant Analysis · 1986 · Skipper, Julie H. et al. · indexed
  53. Driver drowsiness detection methods using EEG signals: a systematic review · 2022 · Hussein, Raed Mohammed et al. · indexed
  54. Driver Fatigue Detection Method Based on Eye Multi-Feature Fusion · 2018 · Liu, Qinghua et al. · indexed
  55. Driver Drowsiness Detection Based on Respiratory Signal Analysis · 2019 · Guede-Fernandez, Federico et al. · indexed
  56. Driver Sleepiness Detection Algorithm Based on Relevance Vector Machine · 2021 · Wei, Lingxiang et al. · indexed
  57. PERCLOS Threshold for Drowsiness Detection during Real Driving · 2012 · Lin, S. T. et al. · indexed
  58. Real time and non-intrusive driver fatigue monitoring · 2005 · Zhu, Zhiwei et al. · archived
  59. Vehicle control and drowsiness · 2002 · Kircher, Albert et al. · indexed
  60. Drowsy driver detection system using eye blink patterns · 2010 · Danışman, Taner et al. · archived
  61. Driver Drowsiness Classification using Machine Learning and Heart Rate Variability · 2023 · Meneses, Miguel V. P. R. et al. · indexed
  62. Driver fatigue detection based on head gesture and PERCLOS · 2012 · Jian-Feng Xie et al. · indexed
  63. Eye tracking system to detect driver drowsiness · 2015 · Nguyen, T. P. et al. · indexed
  64. Camera-Based Eye Blink Detection Algorithm for Assessing Driver Drowsiness · 2019 · Baccour, Mohamed Hedi et al. · indexed
  65. Driving Alertness System Using Deep Learning · 2024 · Vaidya, Prof. R. S. · archived
  66. Modelling and Detection of Driver's Fatigue using Ontology · 2022 · Lambert, Alexandre et al. · archived
  67. Spontaneous Driver Fatigue Discernment System Using Artificial Intelligence · 2022 · Kumar, Rishabh et al. · indexed
  68. Sequence Analysis of Monitored Drowsy Driving · 2023 · Schwarz, Chris et al. · indexed
  69. EEG-Based Driver Fatigue Detection Using FAWT and Multiboosting Approaches · 2022 · Subasi, Abdulhamit et al. · archived
  70. Real-time driver fatigue detection based on face alignment · 2017 · Tao, Huanhuan et al. · indexed
  71. Real Time Driver Fatigue Detection System Based on Multi-Task ConNN · 2020 · Savas, Burcu Kir et al. · indexed
  72. Multimodal Features for Detection of Driver Stress and Fatigue: Review · 2020 · Němcová, Andrea et al. · archived
  73. Real-time driver fatigue detection based on simplified landmarks of AAM · 2010 · Hua-Zhi Dong et al. · indexed
  74. EEG-Based Multiple Entropy Analysis for Assessing Driver Fatigue · 2019 · Hu, Jianfeng et al. · indexed
  75. Multimodal System to Detect Driver Fatigue Using EEG, Gyroscope, and Image Processing · 2020 · Karuppusamy, Naveen Senniappan et al. · archived
  76. Driver Fatigue Detection System Based on Eye Movements · 2013 · Niu, Qingning et al. · indexed
  77. Automatic Driver Fatigue Detection using EEG Microstate Features · 2024 · Yaddasht, Zahra et al. · indexed
  78. Drowsiness Detection using EEG signals and Machine Learning Algorithms · 2022 · Joshi, Adinath et al. · archived
  79. Using Facial Features to Detect Driver’s Drowsiness State · 2023 · Krity, Kaushiki et al. · indexed
  80. Evaluation of driver drowsiness based on respiratory metrics · 2024 · Khanehshenas, Farin et al. · indexed
  81. Driver Drowsiness Detection and Monitoring System using Machine Learning · 2022 · Chinthalachervu, Rohith et al. · indexed
  82. Learning based Driver Drowsiness Detection Model · 2020 · Singh, Jagendra · indexed
  83. Real Time Driver Fatigue Detection Based on SVM Algorithm · 2018 · Savas, Burcu Kir et al. · indexed
  84. An Improved Driver Drowsiness Detection using Haar Cascade Classifier · 2023 · S. Saranya, S. et al. · indexed
  85. Diagnostic tools for identifying sleepy drivers in the field. · 2013 · Rizzo, Matthew et al. · archived
  86. Real-Time System for Monitoring Driver Vigilance · 2006 · Bergasa, L.M. et al. · indexed
  87. Drowsiness Detection and Alertness Using Eye Motion Monitoring · 2023 · Asghar, Rabia et al. · archived
  88. Literature Review on Driver’s Drowsiness and Fatigue Detection · 2020 · Laouz, Hamed et al. · indexed
  89. Driver Drowsiness Detection Using Deep Learning · 2023 · Ojha, Dhiren et al. · indexed
  90. PERCLOS+:Moving Beyond Single-Metric Drowsiness Monitors · 2008 · Hanowski, Richard J. et al. · indexed
  91. Driver Drowsiness Detection using CNN · 2024 · Bankar, Jaitee · archived
  92. Drowsy driver detection using representation learning · 2014 · Dwivedi, Kartik et al. · indexed
  93. Vision-based drowsiness detector for a realistic driving simulator · 2010 · Garcia, I. et al. · indexed
  94. A Deep Learning-Based System for Driver Fatigue Detection · 2024 · Benmohamed, Abderrahim et al. · indexed
  95. Analyzing Driver Drowsiness: From Causes to Effects · 2020 · Soares, Sónia et al. · archived
  96. Detecting driving drowsiness using EEG, EOG and driving quality signals · 2015 · Noori, Seyed Mohammad Reza et al. · indexed
  97. Real-time EEG-based Driver's Fatigue Detection System using Deep Neural Network · 2021 · Asghar, Muhammad Adeel et al. · indexed
  98. Efficient driver drowsiness detection at moderate levels of drowsiness · 2013 · Forsman, Pia M. et al. · indexed
  99. Detection of Driver Fatigue State using Deep Neural Network · 2021 · Anwar, Noreen et al. · indexed
  100. Physiological-based Driver Monitoring Systems: A Scoping Review · 2022 · Abdul Razak, Siti Fatimah et al. · archived
  101. The Study of Driver Fatigue Monitor Algorithm Combined PERCLOS and AECS · 2008 · Lang, Liying et al. · indexed
  102. Assessment of Driver Mental Fatigue Using Facial Landmarks · 2019 · Cheng, Qian et al. · indexed
  103. Vision-based drowsiness detector for real driving conditions · 2012 · Garcia, I. et al. · indexed
  104. Driver's Drowsiness Monitoring and Alarming Auto-System Based on EOG Signals · 2019 · Hayawi, Ali Amer et al. · indexed
  105. Detection of Drowsy Driving Using Wearable Sensors · 2023 · Pereira, Duarte et al. · indexed
  106. Driver fatigue discrimination method based on visual features · 2022 · Zhang, Shuwei et al. · indexed
  107. Embedded system based driver drowsiness detection system · 2010 · Islam, Syed Zahidul et al. · indexed
  108. Monitoring Driver’s Drowsiness Status at Night Based on Computer Vision · 2021 · Valsan A, Vidhu et al. · indexed
  109. A Portable Fuzzy Driver Drowsiness Estimation System · 2020 · Celecia, Alimed et al. · indexed
  110. Research on Driver Fatigue State Detection Method Based on Deep Learning · 2021 · Wang, Yonghui et al. · indexed
  111. A real-time system for monitoring driver fatigue · 2016 · Li, Yao-hua et al. · indexed
  112. Multi-sensor driver drowsiness monitoring · 2008 · Boyraz, P et al. · indexed
  113. Drowsiness Detection using CNN · 2024 · Bhosale, Ashwini · archived
  114. Driver fatigue monitoring system based on eye state analysis · 2014 · Punitha, A. et al. · indexed
  115. Driver drowsiness detection through HMM based dynamic modeling · 2014 · Tadesse, Eyosiyas et al. · indexed
  116. Driver Fatigue Detection Based on Eye Status · 2010 · Zhao, Sanyuan et al. · indexed
  117. Driver Drowsiness Detection Based on LiDAR-Based Road Boundary Detection · 2024 · Teoh, Tai Shie et al. · indexed
  118. DRIVER DROWSINESS DETECTION FOR BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS · 2022 · Yadav, Shivani · indexed
  119. An Experimental Study Using EEG to Detect Driver Drowsiness · 2008 · Leng, Hongjie et al. · indexed
  120. Driver Hypo-vigilance Detection Based on Eyelid Behavior · 2009 · Sigari, Mohamad Hoseyn · indexed
  121. Fatigue driving detection system based on Perclos algorithm optimization · 2022 · Liang, Jiachen et al. · indexed
  122. Feeling sleepy? stop driving—awareness of fall asleep crashes · 2023 · Anderson, Clare et al. · archived
  123. Driver fatigue detection system · 2016 · Chellappa, Yogesh et al. · indexed
  124. Driver Drowsiness Detection Algorithms Using Electrocardiogram Data Analysis · 2019 · Babaeian, Mohsen et al. · indexed
  125. Driver Fatigue Detection Based on Eye State Recognition · 2017 · Zhang, Fang et al. · indexed
  126. DROWSY DRIVER DETECTION SYSTEM – VIA FACIAL RECOGNITION AND DRIVING DATA · 2024 · Azharudin, Nur Iman Kamila et al. · indexed
  127. Deep CNN Based Approach for Driver Drowsiness Detection · 2022 · R, Jumana et al. · indexed
  128. Research on the Prediction of Driver Fatigue State Based on EEG Signals · 2025 · Wang, Zhanyang et al. · indexed
  129. Technology to Detect Driver Sleepiness · 2019 · Penzel, Thomas et al. · indexed
  130. Monitoring driver fatigue using facial analysis techniques · 2003 · Singh, S. et al. · indexed
  131. Predicting driver fatigue using HRV measures and machine learning. · 2026 · Puspasari, MA et al. · archived
  132. Detecting of Driver's Drowsiness Using Multiwavelet Packet Energy Spectrum · 2009 · Zhao, ShuanFeng et al. · indexed
  133. Estimation of driver sleepiness based on EEG analysis · 2012 · Golz, M. et al. · indexed
  134. Detecting driver sleepiness from EEG alpha wave during daytime driving · 2017 · Jiao, Yingying et al. · indexed
  135. Detecting driver drowsiness based on single electroencephalography channel · 2016 · Belakhdar, Ibtissem et al. · indexed
  136. Driver Drowsiness Monitoring using Convolutional Neural Networks · 2021 · Victoria, D. Rosy Salomi et al. · indexed
  137. A Review on EEG-Based Automatic Sleepiness Detection Systems for Driver · 2018 · Balandong, Rodney Petrus et al. · indexed
  138. Driver Drowsiness Detection using Deep Learning · 2021 · Suresh, Yeresime et al. · indexed
  139. Real-Time Driver-Drowsiness Detection System Using Facial Features · 2019 · Deng, Wanghua et al. · archived
  140. Multiple robust approaches for EEG-based driving fatigue detection and classification · 2023 · Prabhakar, Sunil Kumar et al. · indexed
  141. Research on driver fatigue detection · 2018 · Zhang, Ting et al. · indexed
  142. Visual Monitoring of Driver Inattention · 2008 · Bergasa, Luis M. et al. · archived
  143. A pre-Tranind Model for Driver Drowsiness Detection · 2023 · Ahmed, Amira · indexed
  144. Steering Wheel Behavior Based Estimation of Fatigue · 2009 · Krajewski, Jarek et al. · indexed
  145. Drowsy driver detection by EEG analysis using Fast Fourier Transform · 2015 · Ben Dkhil, Mejdi et al. · archived
  146. Clustering-Based Detection of Driver Drowsiness with Ear-EEG · 2026 · Mutlu, Eray et al. · indexed
  147. A hybrid observer approach for driver drowsiness detection · 2011 · Cario, Gianni et al. · indexed
  148. A real-time fatigue driving detection system design and implementation · 2015 · Ma, Zhao-Bin et al. · indexed
  149. Fatigue Driving Detection Based on Eye Features · 2025 · Yao, Shengnan et al. · indexed
  150. A Hybrid System for Driver Assistance Using Computer Vision Methods · 2025 · Mafteiu-Scai, Liviu Octavian et al. · indexed
  151. Effects of partially automated driving on the development of driver sleepiness · 2021 · Ahlström, Christer et al. · archived
  152. Driving fatigue detection with fusion of EEG and forehead EOG · 2016 · Xue-Qin Huo et al. · indexed
  153. Fatigue driving detection system based on EEG Signal · 2021 · Jingwei, Feng · indexed
  154. Driver's Drowsiness Detection · 2019 · Yashwanth, Challa et al. · indexed
  155. Development of Driver Fatigue Detection System By Using Video Images · 2019 · SavaĢ, Burcu Kır et al. · indexed
  156. Modular design of fatigue detection in naturalistic driving environments · 2018 · Al-libawy, Hilal et al. · indexed
  157. Identifying Distracted and Drowsy Drivers Using Naturalistic Driving Data · 2018 · Yadawadkar, Sujay et al. · indexed
  158. Classification of driving fatigue based on EEG signals · 2020 · Qin, Xuebin et al. · indexed
  159. Toward Applicable EEG-Based Drowsiness Detection Systems: A Review · 2022 · Sheibani Asl, Nasrin et al. · indexed
  160. Prototype of Driver Fatigue Detection System Using Convolutional Neural Network · 2019 · Nikolskaia, Kseniia et al. · indexed
  161. Real-Time Driver-Drowsiness Detection System Using Facial Features · 2019 · Deng, Wanghua et al. · indexed
  162. In-Vehicle Drowsy Driving Detection and Alerting [Traffic Tech] · 2023 · Blenner, Jordan A · archived
  163. Automatic drowsiness detection using electroencephalogram signal · 2020 · Dutta, A. et al. · indexed
  164. Eye Movement Detection for Assessing Driver Drowsiness by Electrooculography · 2013 · Ebrahim, Parisa et al. · indexed
  165. A Review of Recent Developments in Driver Drowsiness Detection Systems · 2022 · Albadawi, Yaman et al. · indexed
  166. Survey and Synthesis of State of the Art in Driver Monitoring · 2021 · Halin, Anaïs et al. · archived
  167. Driver Drowsiness Detection Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network · 2021 · Farahnakian, Farshad et al. · indexed
  168. A Novel Method for Identifying the Drowsiness while Driving · 2015 · B., Hemantkumar et al. · indexed
  169. Review on Driver Fatigue Detection Technology · 2007 · Shi, Xiu-jian et al. · indexed
  170. Driver State Analysis for ADAS using EEG Signals · 2019 · Kulkarni, Aishwarya M. et al. · indexed
  171. Predicting Reduced Driver Alertness on Monotonous Highways · 2015 · Larue, Gregoire S. et al. · archived
  172. Classifying Driving Fatigue by Using EEG Signals · 2022 · Zeng, Changqing et al. · indexed
  173. A Survey on Fatigue and Drowsiness Detection Techniques in Driving · 2021 · Rather, Adil Ahmad et al. · indexed
  174. Biobehavioral Responses to Drowsy Driving Alarms and Alerting Stimuli · 2000 · Mallis, Malissa M. et al. · archived
  175. Detecting Driver Drowsiness Using Eye State · 2018 · Liu, Xuefei et al. · indexed
  176. Driver Fatigue: An Experimental Investigation · 2020 · Richardson, John et al. · indexed
  177. Multi-Feature Driver Drowsiness Detection · 2021 · Abdulrahman, Hajar et al. · indexed
  178. Prevention of road accidents due to drowsiness detection using PERCLOS algorithm · 2021 · Srivastava, Devesh Kumar et al. · indexed
  179. Hardware Implementation of Driver Fatigue Detection System · 2017 · Biradar, Vijayalaxmi · indexed
  180. Towards Driver's State Recognition on Real Driving Conditions · 2011 · Rigas, George et al. · indexed
  181. The driver fatigue monitoring system based on face recognition technology · 2013 · Luo, Xiao-qing et al. · indexed
  182. Driver Fatigue Detection System Based on DM3730 · 2015 · Cai, Ming et al. · indexed
  183. On Driver Eye Closure Recognition for Commercial Vehicles · 2008 · Hammoud, Riad I. et al. · indexed
  184. Driver fatigue detection system · 2015 · Clement, F. S. C. et al. · indexed
  185. Steering in a Random Forest · 2013 · McDonald, Anthony D. et al. · indexed
  186. Driver Drowsiness Detection using Deep Learning · 2022 · Nandhini, P.S. et al. · indexed
  187. DROWSINESS DETECTION AND MONITORING SYSTEM · 2020 · Ghole, Uzair et al. · archived
  188. Hierarchical HMMs on Eyes for Driver Drowsiness Detection · 2020 · Gong, Wei et al. · indexed
  189. Real-Time Vision-Based Driver Drowsiness/Fatigue Detection System · 2010 · Yao, K. P. et al. · indexed
  190. Using the Active Appearance Model to detect driver fatigue · 2007 · Saeed, Isaam et al. · indexed
  191. Detection and analysis: driver state with electrocardiogram (ECG) · 2020 · Murugan, Suganiya et al. · indexed
  192. System-on-Chip Based Driver Drowsiness Detection and Warning System · 2022 · Yazici, Berkay et al. · indexed
  193. Driving Fatigue Identification Based on Multiple Non-intrusive Indicators · 2021 · Huang, Yanwen et al. · indexed
  194. Driver Fatigue Detection Based on Eye Tracking · 2008 · Devi, Mandalapu Sarada et al. · indexed
  195. Detection and analysis of driver fatigue stages with EEG signals · 2022 · Demir, Ahmet et al. · archived
  196. Automation Detection of Driver Fatigue Using Visual Behavior Variables · 2018 · Yonggang, Wang et al. · archived
  197. Using Image Processing in the Proposed Drowsiness Detection System Design · 2018 · POURSADEGHIYAN, Mohsen et al. · indexed
  198. Fatigue driving detection based on facial state recognition · 2023 · Wu, Yue et al. · indexed
  199. Driver performance in the moments surrounding a microsleep · 2008 · Boyle, LN et al. · archived
  200. Driving Fatigue Detection Based on EEG Signal · 2015 · Wang, Yuan et al. · indexed
  201. Driver fatigue detection technology in active safety systems · 2011 · Qiong Wang et al. · indexed
  202. Using Image Processing in the Proposed Drowsiness Detection System Design · 2018 · POURSADEGHIYAN, Mohsen et al. · indexed
  203. Driver Drowsiness Detection through a Vehicle's Active Probe Action · 2019 · Yang, Sen et al. · indexed
  204. Comparative Analysis of Techniques for Driver Drowsiness Detection · 2023 · Lavanya, G. et al. · indexed
  205. Driver Drowsiness Detection with Commercial EEG Headsets · 2023 · Rezaee, Qazal et al. · indexed
  206. A method of driving fatigue detection based on eye location · 2011 · Li, Liling et al. · indexed
  207. Driver Drowsiness Detection using Machine Learning · 2022 · Nirwan, Himnish · indexed
  208. Fatigue Driving Detection System Based on Face Feature · 2019 · Li, Zhao et al. · indexed
  209. Driver fatigue detection system based on machine vision · 2008 · Zhibin Zhang et al. · indexed
  210. Drowsiness estimation from identified driver model · 2015 · Tokutake, Hiroshi · indexed
  211. Driver Drowsiness Detection based on Monitoring of Eye Blink Rate · 2022 · Baby Shamini, P et al. · indexed
  212. Indicators of Sleepiness in an ambulatory EEG study of night driving · 2006 · Papadelis, Christos et al. · indexed
  213. Application of a Heavy Vehicle Drowsy Driver Detection System · 1999 · Grace, Richard et al. · indexed
  214. An embedded intelligence engine for driver drowsiness detection · 2022 · Vadlamudi, Shirisha et al. · indexed
  215. Driver Drowsiness Monitoring System using Machine Learning · 2023 · Srivastava, Sanjeevani · indexed
  216. Drowsiness and Decision Making During Long Drives: A Driving Simulation Study · 2023 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  217. A Review on Driver Face Monitoring Systems for Fatigue and Distraction Detection · 2014 · Sigari, Mohamad-Hoseyn et al. · indexed
  218. Leading Indicators of Drowsiness in Simulated Driving · 2005 · Kozak, Ksenia et al. · indexed
  219. A visual based approach for drowsiness detection · 2013 · Akrout, Belhassen et al. · indexed
  220. Drowsiness Transitions Detection Using a Wearable Device · 2023 · Antunes, Ana Rita et al. · indexed
  221. Drivers drowsiness detection in embedded system · 2007 · Tianyi Hong et al. · indexed
  222. Driver fatigue alarm based on eye detection and gaze estimation · 2007 · Sun, Xinghua et al. · indexed
  223. A CNN-Based Wearable System for Driver Drowsiness Detection · 2023 · Li, Yongkai et al. · indexed
  224. Driver Fatigue Countermeasure System · 2023 · Gonuguntla, Ahalya Rani et al. · indexed
  225. Driver Drowsiness Detection Using Machine Learning Algorithm · 2022 · Prasath, N et al. · indexed
  226. Driver Drowsiness Detection using Haar Cascade · 2022 · Spourgeon, V. Andrew · indexed
  227. Wristband-Type Driver Vigilance Monitoring System Using Smartwatch · 2015 · Lee, Boon-Giin et al. · indexed
  228. Wearable Sensors for Evaluating Driver Drowsiness and High Stress · 2019 · Becerra-Sánchez, Enriqueta Patricia et al. · indexed
  229. In-vehicle Drowsy Driving Detection and Alerting · 2023 · Gaspar, John G et al. · archived
  230. Drowsiness measures for commercial motor vehicle operations · 2019 · Sparrow, Amy R. et al. · indexed
  231. Drowsiness Detection of Driver · 2022 · Vaishnavi Shivdas et al. · indexed
  232. Driver Drowsiness Detection Using Convolutional Neural Networks · 2020 · Kepesiova, Zuzana et al. · indexed
  233. Driver Drowsiness Detection Using Eye-Closeness Detection · 2016 · Khunpisuth, Oraan et al. · indexed
  234. Human and Vehicle-Driver Drowsiness Detection by Facial Expression · 2013 · Hachisuka, Satori · indexed
  235. Driver Alertness Detection Research Using Capacitive Sensor Array · 2001 · Kithil, Philp W · indexed
  236. A Driver Fatigue Recognition Model Based on BP Neural Network · 2011 · Li, Shiwu et al. · indexed
  237. Driver drowsiness detection using the in-ear EEG · 2016 · Hwang, Taeho et al. · indexed
  238. Driver fatigue monitoring system using Support Vector Machines · 2012 · Sacco, Matthew et al. · indexed
  239. Examining driver sleepiness based on his visual actions with ML Techniques · 2024 · Rawat, Vandana et al. · indexed
  240. Driver Drowsiness Detection System with OpenCV & Keras · 2021 · Srivastava, Mayank et al. · indexed
  241. Real-Time Drowsiness Detection Algorithm for Driver State Monitoring Systems · 2018 · Baek, Jang Woon et al. · indexed
  242. Driver Drowsiness Detection System Using Deep Neural Network · 2022 · Nalavade, Jagannath E. et al. · indexed
  243. Advanced Driver Fatigue Research · 2007 · Eskandarian, Azim et al. · archived
  244. Detection of Driver Dynamics with VGG16 Model · 2022 · Aytekin, Alper et al. · indexed
  245. Driver Drowsiness Detection (SLEEP GUARDIAN) · 2024 · Pandey, Vishal · indexed
  246. PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION OF DRIVER FATIGUE CLASSIFICATION USING HYBRID DBN-DQN · 2025 · Abdubrani, Rafiuddin et al. · indexed
  247. Wearable driver drowsiness detection using electrooculography signal · 2016 · Ma, Zheren et al. · indexed
  248. Modeling human vehicle driving which integrate models of fatigue · 2009 · ShuanFeng Zhao et al. · indexed
  249. Driver Drowsiness Detection Using Deep Learning · 2021 · Pawar, Rupali et al. · indexed
  250. Wearable Driver Monitoring System · 2024 · Benusa, Michael et al. · indexed
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