drowsiness

Drowsiness and sleepiness at the wheel: the subjective and physiological tired state while driving — heavy eyelids, yawning, head-nodding, rising Karolinska/KSS sleepiness. The drowsy STATE itself, distinct from its cause (sleep_deprivation), its discrete events (microsleep), and attentional vigilance decrement (vigilance).

Relevant standards

  • Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/1341 — Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/1341 of 23 April 2021 supplementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 of the European Parliament and of the Council by laying down detailed rules concerning the specific test procedures and technical requirements for the type-approval of motor vehicles with regard to their driver drowsiness and attention warning systems and amending that Regulation
  • Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1721 — Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1721 of 19 June 2024 laying down rules for the application of Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards uniform procedures and technical specifications for the type-approval of the intelligent speed assistance system, the driver drowsiness and attention warning system, the event data recorder, the alcohol interlock installation facilitation and the advanced driver distraction warning system
  • Euro NCAP Assessment Protocol - SA - Safe Driving (v10.4) — Euro NCAP Assessment Protocol - SA - Safe Driving
  • Euro NCAP Safe Driving - Driver Engagement Protocol (v1.1) — Euro NCAP Safe Driving Driver Engagement Protocol
  • Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 — Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 of the European Parliament and of the Council on type-approval requirements for motor vehicles and their trailers as regards their general safety and the protection of vehicle occupants and vulnerable road users (General Safety Regulation II)
  • SAE J3198 — Driver Drowsiness and Fatigue in the Safe Operation of Vehicles - Definition of Terms and Concepts
  • UN ECE R182 (draft) — Proposal for a new UN Regulation No. [182] on uniform provisions concerning the approval of motor vehicles with regard to their Driver Drowsiness and Attention Warning (DDAW) system

360 paper(s) · ranked by relevance to this topic

  1. Analyzing Driver Drowsiness: From Causes to Effects · 2020 · Soares, Sónia et al. · archived
  2. Feeling sleepy? stop driving—awareness of fall asleep crashes · 2023 · Anderson, Clare et al. · archived
  3. Diagnostic tools for identifying sleepy drivers in the field. · 2013 · Rizzo, Matthew et al. · archived
  4. Vehicle-Based Drowsy Driver Detection: Current Status and Future Prospects · 1994 · Knipling, Ronald R. et al. · archived
  5. Drowsiness and Decision Making During Long Drives: A Driving Simulation Study · 2023 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  6. Leading Indicators of Drowsiness in Simulated Driving · 2005 · Kozak, Ksenia et al. · indexed
  7. Drowsy Driving and Automobile Crashes · 1998 · NHTSA · archived
  8. An Investigation of Drowsy Lane Departures from Driving Simulator Studies · 2026 · Schwarz, Chris et al. · indexed
  9. Behavioral Indicators of Drowsy Driving: Active Search Mirror Checks · 2022 · Meyer, Jason E. et al. · archived
  10. Driver performance in the moments surrounding a microsleep · 2008 · Boyle, LN et al. · archived
  11. In-Vehicle Drowsy Driving Detection and Alerting [Traffic Tech] · 2023 · Blenner, Jordan A · archived
  12. Awareness of sleepiness when driving · 2003 · Horne, James A. et al. · indexed
  13. Advanced Driver Fatigue Research · 2008 · NHTSA · archived
  14. Evaluating Driver Drowsiness Countermeasures · 2017 · Gaspar, John G et al. · archived
  15. Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Safety · 2009 · Tregear, Michelle L. et al. · archived
  16. Detection of Driver Fatigue Caused by Sleep Deprivation · 2009 · Yang, Ji Hyun et al. · archived
  17. Asleep at the Wheel–the Road to Addressing Drowsy Driving · 2017 · Higgins, J. Stephen et al. · archived
  18. In-vehicle Drowsy Driving Detection and Alerting · 2023 · Gaspar, John G et al. · archived
  19. Drowsiness assessment using electroencephalogram in driving simulator environment · 2015 · Akbar, Izzat Aulia et al. · indexed
  20. A Survey on State-of-the-Art Drowsiness Detection Techniques · 2019 · Ramzan, Muhammad et al. · archived
  21. Sequence Analysis of Monitored Drowsy Driving · 2023 · Schwarz, Chris et al. · indexed
  22. Gazing as actual parameter for drowsiness assessment in driving simulators · 2019 · Rumagit, Arthur M. et al. · archived
  23. Vehicle control and drowsiness · 2002 · Kircher, Albert et al. · indexed
  24. Why Do People Have Drowsy Driving Crashes? Input From Drivers Who Just Did · 1999 · Vaughn, Bradley V. et al. · archived
  25. Prevalence of Self-Reported Drowsy Driving, United States: 2015 · 2015 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  26. Potential for driver attention monitoring system development · 1985 · Bishop, H. et al. · archived
  27. Driving simulator experiments to study drowsiness: A systematic review · 2020 · Soares, Sónia et al. · indexed
  28. Effects of Partial and Total Sleep Deprivation On Driving Performance · 1999 · Peters, Robert D. et al. · archived
  29. Driving Vigilance Simulator Test · 1990 · Haraldsson, Per‐Olle et al. · archived
  30. Drowsy Driving Among Older Adults: A Literature Review · 2010 · Zanier, Nicole et al. · archived
  31. Using driver's head movements evolution as a drowsiness indicator · 2004 · Popieul, Jean‐Christophe et al. · indexed
  32. The Prevalence and Impact of Drowsy Driving · 2010 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  33. 2012 Traffic Safety Culture Index: Motorists Admit to Driving Drowsy · 2012 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  34. Driving in States of Fatigue or Stress · 2011 · Matthews, Gerald et al. · indexed
  35. Sleepiness of Occupational Drivers · 2005 · Philip, Pierre · archived
  36. SLEEP DEPRIVATION EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS OF DRIVING BEHAVIOR · 1958 · Forbes, T. W. et al. · indexed
  37. A drowsy driver detection system for heavy vehicles · 2002 · Grace, Richard et al. · indexed
  38. Effectiveness of Workload-Based Drowsy Driving Countermeasures · 2019 · Rayes, Freddy et al. · indexed
  39. The Sleep of Long-Haul Truck Drivers · 1997 · Mitler, Merrill M. et al. · indexed
  40. Detecting Driver Drowsiness Based on Sensors: A Review · 2012 · Sahayadhas, Arun et al. · indexed
  41. Modelling and Detection of Driver's Fatigue using Ontology · 2022 · Lambert, Alexandre et al. · archived
  42. Effects of Partial and Total Sleep Deprivation on Driving Performance · 1995 · Peters, Robert D. et al. · archived
  43. Vehicle and Highway Adaptations to Compensate for Sleepy Drivers · 2019 · Howard, Mark E. et al. · indexed
  44. Vehicle accidents related to sleep: a review. · 1999 · Horne, Jennifer et al. · indexed
  45. Driver inattention and highway safety · 1985 · Sussman, E. D. et al. · archived
  46. Biobehavioral Responses to Drowsy Driving Alarms and Alerting Stimuli · 2000 · Mallis, Malissa M. et al. · archived
  47. CVO driver fatigue and complex in-vehicle systems · 1997 · Lee, Jacsik et al. · archived
  48. Determinants of sleepiness in automobile drivers · 1996 · Philip, Pierre et al. · indexed
  49. Driver sleepiness · 1995 · Horne, James A. et al. · indexed
  50. Sleepiness and driving: the experience of UK car drivers · 1996 · Maycock, G · indexed
  51. Video based detection of driver fatigue · 2009 · Vural, Esra · indexed
  52. Effects of Operating Practices on Commercial Driver Alertness · 1999 · O'Neill, T. R. et al. · archived
  53. Sleepiness at the wheel across Europe: a survey of 19 countries · 2015 · Gonçalves, Marta et al. · archived
  54. An Investigation of Factors Affecting Driver Alertness · 1970 · Sussman, E. Donald et al. · archived
  55. Lane keeping performances subjected to whole-body vibrations · 2018 · Azizan, Amzar et al. · archived
  56. Physiological Methods and Measurements in Driving Simulation · 2004 · Rizzo, Matthew · indexed
  57. Drowsiness monitoring based on driver and driving data fusion · 2011 · Daza, Iván García et al. · archived
  58. Effect of Drowsiness on Driver Performance and Traffic Safety · 2020 · Elbaz, Yousef et al. · indexed
  59. Sleepiness, Driving, and Motor Vehicle Crashes · 1998 · Lyznicki, James M. · indexed
  60. Drowsy Driving in Fatal Crashes, United States, 2017–2021 · 2024 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  61. Evaluation of Lane Departure Warnings for Drowsy Drivers · 2006 · Blommer, Mike et al. · archived
  62. Driver impairment monitoring by physiological measures · 2019 · Brookhuis, Karel · indexed
  63. DEVELOPMENT OF A DROWSINESS WARNING SYSTEM · 1995 · Kaneda, Masayuki et al. · indexed
  64. Prevalence of Motor Vehicle Crashes Involving Drowsy Drivers, United States, 2009-2013 · 2014 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  65. Detecting Driver Fatigue With Eye Blink Behavior · 2024 · Akin, Ali et al. · archived
  66. The Effects of Fatigue and Alcohol on Highway Safety · 1981 · Ryder, Joan M. et al. · archived
  67. In-vehicle fragrance administration as a countermeasure for driver fatigue · 2024 · Dahlman, Anna Sjörs et al. · archived
  68. The Maintenance of Wakefulness Test and Driving Simulator Performance · 2005 · Banks, Siobhan et al. · indexed
  69. Visual Monitoring of Driver Inattention · 2008 · Bergasa, Luis M. et al. · archived
  70. <i>Sleep Deprivation and Vigilant Attention</i> · 2008 · Lim, Julian et al. · indexed
  71. Driving impairment due to sleepiness is exacerbated by low alcohol intake · 2003 · Horne, James A. et al. · indexed
  72. Driver Behavior Analysis for Safe Driving: A Survey · 2015 · Kaplan, Sinan et al. · indexed
  73. Characteristics of crashes attributed to the driver having fallen asleep · 1995 · Pack, Allan I et al. · indexed
  74. Sleepiness and Ethanol Effects on Simulated Driving · 1994 · Roehrs, Timothy et al. · indexed
  75. Characterization of the effects of vibration on seated driver alertness · 2014 · Azizan, Mohd Amzar et al. · indexed
  76. Impact of Local/Short Haul Operations on Driver Fatigue [Report] · 2000 · Hanowski, Richard J. · archived
  77. Automation Detection of Driver Fatigue Using Visual Behavior Variables · 2018 · Yonggang, Wang et al. · archived
  78. Crashes and Fatalities Related to Driver Drowsiness/Fatigue · 1994 · Knipling, R R · indexed
  79. Real-Time System for Monitoring Driver Vigilance · 2006 · Bergasa, L.M. et al. · indexed
  80. Realtime Driver Drowsiness Detection Using Machine Learning · 2022 · Al Redhaei, Aneesa et al. · indexed
  81. High risk of near-crash driving events following night-shift work · 2015 · Lee, Michael L. et al. · indexed
  82. Sleep Quality in Later Life: How Does It Affect Driving Safety? · 2026 · Barrett, Anne E. et al. · indexed
  83. Driver Fatigue · 1994 · Brown, I D · indexed
  84. Task-induced fatigue states and simulated driving performance · 2002 · Matthews, Gerald et al. · indexed
  85. The Perils of Drowsy Driving · 1997 · Dement, William C. · indexed
  86. DRIVER FATIGUE: CONCEPTS, MEASUREMENT AND CRASH COUNTERMEASURES · 1988 · Haworth, Narelle et al. · indexed
  87. Wireless and Wearable EEG System for Evaluating Driver Vigilance · 2014 · Lin, Chin‐Teng et al. · indexed
  88. Road Vehicle Automation and Its Effects on Fatigue, Sleep, Rest, and Recuperation · 2023 · Ahlström, Christer et al. · indexed
  89. Multimodal Driver State Modeling through Unsupervised Learning · 2021 · Tavakoli, Arash et al. · archived
  90. Using Image Processing in the Proposed Drowsiness Detection System Design · 2018 · POURSADEGHIYAN, Mohsen et al. · indexed
  91. Driver Fatigue Detection Systems: A Review · 2018 · Sikander, Gulbadan et al. · indexed
  92. Predicting driver fatigue using HRV measures and machine learning. · 2026 · Puspasari, MA et al. · archived
  93. A Semantic Hybrid Temporal Approach for Detecting Driver Mental Fatigue · 2024 · Ansari, Shahzeb et al. · indexed
  94. Advanced Driver Fatigue Research · 2007 · Eskandarian, Azim et al. · archived
  95. Music as a countermeasure to fatigue: A driving simulator study · 2024 · Orsini, Federico et al. · archived
  96. Driver fatigue detection : A survey · 2009 · Coetzer, R.C. et al. · indexed
  97. Fatigue in Simulated Car Driving · 1972 · DUREMAN, By E. I. et al. · indexed
  98. Predicting Drowsy Driver Break Taking During Long Drives · 2024 · Gaspar, John et al. · indexed
  99. Survey and Synthesis of State of the Art in Driver Monitoring · 2021 · Halin, Anaïs et al. · archived
  100. TASK-INDUCED FATIGUE EFFECTS ON SIMULATED DRIVING PERFORMANCE · 1998 · Desmond, Paula A. et al. · indexed
  101. An embedded intelligence engine for driver drowsiness detection · 2022 · Vadlamudi, Shirisha et al. · indexed
  102. Correlation of Steering Behavior with Heavy-Truck Driver Fatigue · 1996 · Siegmund, Gunter P. et al. · indexed
  103. Steering Wheel Behavior Based Estimation of Fatigue · 2009 · Krajewski, Jarek et al. · indexed
  104. Research On Vehicle-Based Driver Status/Performance Monitoring, Part I · 1996 · Wierwille, Walter W. et al. · archived
  105. Monitoring Driver Fatigue Via Driving Performance · 2020 · Fairclough, Stephen · indexed
  106. Real time and non-intrusive driver fatigue monitoring · 2005 · Zhu, Zhiwei et al. · archived
  107. Drivers' fatigue studies · 1997 · Milošević, Špiro · indexed
  108. Real-Time Driver-Drowsiness Detection System Using Facial Features · 2019 · Deng, Wanghua et al. · archived
  109. The use of psychophysiology to assess driver status · 1993 · Brookhuis, Karel et al. · indexed
  110. Next-Day Effects of Social Drinking on Driver Fatigue and Driving Performance · 2026 · Ahlström, Christer et al. · archived
  111. Kinesthesia in a sustained-attention driving task · 2014 · Chuang, Chun‐Hsiang et al. · archived
  112. Driver Inattention Monitoring System for Intelligent Vehicles: A Review · 2011 · Dong, Yanchao et al. · indexed
  113. MONITORING DRIVER STATUS THROUGH IN-VEHICLE PARAMETERS · 1991 · Brookhuis, Karel · indexed
  114. A Deep Neural Network for Real-Time Driver Drowsiness Detection · 2019 · Toan H., VU et al. · archived
  115. Daytime sleepiness: a risk factor in community life · 1992 · Martikainen, Kirsti et al. · indexed
  116. Consensus Statement: Fatigue and accidents in transport operations · 2000 · Åkerstedt, Torbjörn · indexed
  117. The impact of self-initiated breaks during drowsy driving · 2025 · Gaspar, John et al. · indexed
  118. Acute Sleep Deprivation and Risk of Motor Vehicle Crash Involvement · 2016 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  119. Hypersomnolence and Accidents in Truck Drivers: A Cross‐Sectional Study · 2006 · de Pinho, Rachel S. N. et al. · indexed
  120. Towards a transactional ergonomics for driver stress and fatigue · 2002 · Matthews, Gerald · indexed
  121. Fits and Other Causes of Loss of Consciousness while Driving · 1986 · Parsons, Malcolm · indexed
  122. Validation of a one-item acute stress scale for driving tasks · 2024 · Dahlman, Anna Sjörs et al. · archived
  123. The Effects of Coffee and Napping on Nighttime Highway Driving · 2006 · Philip, Pierre et al. · indexed
  124. Local changes in the wake electroencephalogram precedes lane departures · 2017 · Ahlstrom, Christer et al. · indexed
  125. Daytime sleepiness and other sleep disorders in Parkinson’s disease · 2001 · Ondo, William G. et al. · indexed
  126. Visual Attention and Poor Sleep Quality · 2022 · Abdolalizadeh, AmirHussein et al. · archived
  127. Blink rate during tests of executive performance after nocturnal traffic noise · 2009 · Griefahn, Barbara et al. · indexed
  128. Fatigue and cognitive fatigability in patients with chronic pain · 2024 · Holmqvist, Anna et al. · archived
  129. Obstructive Sleep Apnea · 2002 · Flemons, W. Ward · indexed