drowsiness
Drowsiness and sleepiness at the wheel: the subjective and physiological tired state while driving — heavy eyelids, yawning, head-nodding, rising Karolinska/KSS sleepiness. The drowsy STATE itself, distinct from its cause (sleep_deprivation), its discrete events (microsleep), and attentional vigilance decrement (vigilance).
Relevant standards
- Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/1341 — Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/1341 of 23 April 2021 supplementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 of the European Parliament and of the Council by laying down detailed rules concerning the specific test procedures and technical requirements for the type-approval of motor vehicles with regard to their driver drowsiness and attention warning systems and amending that Regulation
- Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1721 — Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1721 of 19 June 2024 laying down rules for the application of Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards uniform procedures and technical specifications for the type-approval of the intelligent speed assistance system, the driver drowsiness and attention warning system, the event data recorder, the alcohol interlock installation facilitation and the advanced driver distraction warning system
- Euro NCAP Assessment Protocol - SA - Safe Driving (v10.4) — Euro NCAP Assessment Protocol - SA - Safe Driving
- Euro NCAP Safe Driving - Driver Engagement Protocol (v1.1) — Euro NCAP Safe Driving Driver Engagement Protocol
- Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 — Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 of the European Parliament and of the Council on type-approval requirements for motor vehicles and their trailers as regards their general safety and the protection of vehicle occupants and vulnerable road users (General Safety Regulation II)
- SAE J3198 — Driver Drowsiness and Fatigue in the Safe Operation of Vehicles - Definition of Terms and Concepts
- UN ECE R182 (draft) — Proposal for a new UN Regulation No. [182] on uniform provisions concerning the approval of motor vehicles with regard to their Driver Drowsiness and Attention Warning (DDAW) system
360 paper(s) · ranked by relevance to this topic
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Analyzing Driver Drowsiness: From Causes to Effects · 2020 · Soares, Sónia et al. · archived
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Driver impairment at night and its relation to physiological sleepiness ↗ · 2008 · Anund, Anna et al. · indexed
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Feeling sleepy? stop driving—awareness of fall asleep crashes · 2023 · Anderson, Clare et al. · archived
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Diagnostic tools for identifying sleepy drivers in the field. · 2013 · Rizzo, Matthew et al. · archived
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Prolonged Eyelid Closure Episodes during Sleep Deprivation in Professional Drivers · 2016 · Alvaro, Pasquale K. et al. · archived
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An Assessment of Driver Drowsiness, Distraction, and Performance in a Naturalistic Setting · 2011 · Barr, Lawrence et al. · archived
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Vehicle-Based Drowsy Driver Detection: Current Status And Future Prospects · 1994 · NHTSA · archived
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Vehicle-Based Drowsy Driver Detection: Current Status and Future Prospects · 1994 · Knipling, Ronald R. et al. · archived
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SUBJECTIVE AND INDIRECT METHODS TO OBSERVE DRIVER’S DROWSINESS AND ALERTNESS: AN OVERVIEW · 2016 · Khamis, Nor Kamaliana et al. · archived
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Drowsiness and Decision Making During Long Drives: A Driving Simulation Study · 2023 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
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The Effects of Driving Situation on Sleepiness Indicators after Sleep Loss: A Driving Simulator Study · 2009 · ANUND, Anna et al. · archived
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Monitoring driver drowsiness in partially automated vehicles: Added value from combining postural and physiological indicators · 2024 · Perrotte, Gaëtan et al. · archived
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Subjective sleepiness, simulated driving performance and blink duration: examining individual differences ↗ · 2006 · Ingre, Michael et al. · indexed
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Drowsy Driving and Automobile Crashes · 1998 · NHTSA · archived
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Drowsy Driving and Automobile Crashes: Report and Recommendations. · 2013 · NHTSA · archived
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Drowsiness in Conditional Automation: Proneness, diagnosis and driving performance effects ↗ · 2016 · Gonçalves, Joel et al. · indexed
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Examining signs of driver sleepiness, usage of sleepiness countermeasures and the associations with sleepy driving behaviours and individual factors · 2015 · Watling, Christopher N. et al. · archived
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An Investigation of Drowsy Lane Departures from Driving Simulator Studies ↗ · 2026 · Schwarz, Chris et al. · indexed
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Behavioral Indicators of Drowsy Driving: Active Search Mirror Checks · 2022 · Meyer, Jason E. et al. · archived
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Driver performance in the moments surrounding a microsleep · 2008 · Boyle, LN et al. · archived
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The severity of driver fatigue in terms of line crossing: a pilot study comparing day- and night time driving in simulator · 2017 · Anund, Anna et al. · archived
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Development of sleepiness in professional truck drivers: Real‐road testing for driver drowsiness and attention warning (<scp>DDAW</scp>) system evaluation · 2024 · Ahlström, Christer et al. · archived
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Driver State Classification: Identifying High Cognitive Load and Drowsiness Through Driver Performance · 2026 · Ayas, Suzan et al. · archived
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Reaction of sleepiness indicators to partial sleep deprivation, time of day and time on task in a driving simulator - the DROWSI project ↗ · 2009 · Åkerstedt, Torbjörn et al. · indexed
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In-Vehicle Drowsy Driving Detection and Alerting [Traffic Tech] · 2023 · Blenner, Jordan A · archived
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Final report on the portable computerized assessments of sleepy drivers in operational environments. · 2011 · Rizzo, Matthew et al. · archived
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The Effect of Partial Sleep Deprivation and Time-on-Task on Young Drivers’ Subjective and Objective Sleepiness ↗ · 2023 · Cellini, Nicola et al. · indexed
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Advanced Driver Fatigue Research · 2008 · NHTSA · archived
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Evaluating Driver Drowsiness Countermeasures · 2017 · Gaspar, John G et al. · archived
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Drowsiness Monitoring By Steering And Lane Data Based Features Under Real Driving Conditions · 2010 · Friedrichs, Fabian · archived
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Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Fatigue And Alertness Study: Technical Summary · 1996 · Wylie, CD. et al. · archived
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Quantifying Drowsy Driving [Traffic Safety Facts Research Note] · 2020 · NHTSA · archived
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Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Safety · 2009 · Tregear, Michelle L. et al. · archived
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Detection of Driver Fatigue Caused by Sleep Deprivation · 2009 · Yang, Ji Hyun et al. · archived
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Development and Assessment of a Driver Drowsiness Monitoring System · 2012 · NHTSA · archived
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Assessment of a drowsy driver warning system for heavy-vehicle drivers : final report · 2009 · Blanco, Myra et al. · archived
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Asleep at the Wheel–the Road to Addressing Drowsy Driving · 2017 · Higgins, J. Stephen et al. · archived
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In-vehicle Drowsy Driving Detection and Alerting · 2023 · Gaspar, John G et al. · archived
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Slow eyelid closure as a measure of driver drowsiness and its relationship to performance ↗ · 2015 · Jackson, Melinda L. et al. · indexed
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Vehicle-based drowsy driver detection: Current status and future prospects ↗ · 2013 · Knipling, R R et al. · indexed
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Drowsiness assessment using electroencephalogram in driving simulator environment ↗ · 2015 · Akbar, Izzat Aulia et al. · indexed
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Objective and subjective measures of sleepiness, and their associations with on‐road driving events in shift workers ↗ · 2012 · Ftouni, Suzanne et al. · indexed
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Countermeasures to Reduce Drowsy Driving: Results of a Literature Review and Discussions with Experts · 2022 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
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The effect of daylight versus darkness on driver sleepiness: a driving simulator study ↗ · 2018 · Ahlström, Christer et al. · indexed
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Overview of research on driver drowsiness definition and driver drowsiness detection ↗ · 1995 · Wierwille, Walter W. · indexed
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Overview of research on driver drowsiness definition and driver drowsiness detection ↗ · 1995 · Wierwille, Walter W. · indexed
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A Survey on State-of-the-Art Drowsiness Detection Techniques · 2019 · Ramzan, Muhammad et al. · archived
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Identifying the Causes of Drivers’ Hazardous States Using Driver Characteristics, Vehicle Kinematics, and Physiological Measurements · 2018 · Darzi, Ali et al. · archived
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Drowsiness Mitigation Through Driver State Monitoring Systems: A Scoping Review ↗ · 2024 · Ayas, Suzan et al. · indexed
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Gazing as actual parameter for drowsiness assessment in driving simulators · 2019 · Rumagit, Arthur M. et al. · archived
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Why Do People Have Drowsy Driving Crashes? Input from Drivers Who Just Did · 1999 · Stutts, Jane C. et al. · archived
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An Evaluation of Emerging Driver Fatigue Detection Measures and Technologies [Final report] · 2009 · Barr, Lawrence et al. · archived
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PERCLOS-based technologies for detecting drowsiness: current evidence and future directions ↗ · 2023 · Abe, Takashi · indexed
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Countermeasures That Work – Drowsy Driving [Traffic Tech] · 2021 · NHTSA · archived
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Why Do People Have Drowsy Driving Crashes? Input From Drivers Who Just Did · 1999 · Vaughn, Bradley V. et al. · archived
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Prevalence of Self-Reported Drowsy Driving, United States: 2015 · 2015 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
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Potential for driver attention monitoring system development · 1985 · Bishop, H. et al. · archived
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Stationary gaze entropy predicts lane departure events in sleep-deprived drivers · 2018 · Shiferaw, Brook et al. · archived
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Driving simulator experiments to study drowsiness: A systematic review ↗ · 2020 · Soares, Sónia et al. · indexed
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Detecting sleep in drivers during highly automated driving: the potential of physiological parameters ↗ · 2019 · Wörle, Johanna et al. · indexed
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PERCLOS: A Valid Psychophysiological Measure of Alertness As Assessed by Psychomotor Vigilance · 1998 · NHTSA · archived
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Effects of Partial and Total Sleep Deprivation On Driving Performance · 1999 · Peters, Robert D. et al. · archived
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Driving Vigilance Simulator Test · 1990 · Haraldsson, Per‐Olle et al. · archived
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Eye-Activity Measures of Fatigue and Napping as a Fatigue Countermeasure: Tech Brief · 1999 · NHTSA · archived
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Subjective awareness of sleepiness while driving in younger and older adults · 2023 · Cai, Anna W.T. et al. · archived
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Changing Behaviors to Prevent Drowsy Driving and Promote Traffic Safety: Review of Proven, Promising, and Unproven Techniques · 1998 · Nguyen, Lan T. et al. · archived
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Subjective sleepiness is a sensitive indicator of insufficient sleep and impaired waking function ↗ · 2014 · Åkerstedt, Torbjörn et al. · indexed
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Prevalence of Drowsy Driving Crashes: Estimates from a Large-Scale Naturalistic Driving Study · 2018 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
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Drowsy Driving Among Older Adults: A Literature Review · 2010 · Zanier, Nicole et al. · archived
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Blinks and saccades as indicators of fatigue in sleepiness warnings: looking tired? ↗ · 2008 · Schleicher, Robert et al. · indexed
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Prediction of drowsiness events in night shift workers during morning driving ↗ · 2017 · Liang, Yulan et al. · indexed
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Using driver's head movements evolution as a drowsiness indicator ↗ · 2004 · Popieul, Jean‐Christophe et al. · indexed
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Crashes & Fatalities Related To Driver Drowsiness/Fatigue · 1994 · NHTSA · archived
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Self-reported Drowsiness and Safety Outcomes While Driving After an Extended Duration Work Shift in Trainee Physicians · 2017 · Anderson, Clare et al. · archived
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The Prevalence and Impact of Drowsy Driving · 2010 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
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Relation between time to falling asleep behind the wheel on a closed track and changes in subsidiary reaction time during prolonged driving on a motorway ↗ · 1986 · Lisper, Hans–Olof et al. · indexed
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RESEARCH ON VEHICLE-BASED DRIVER STATUS/PERFORMANCE MONITORING; DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION, AND REFINEMENT OF ALGORITHMS FOR DETECTION OF DRIVER DROWSINESS. FINAL REPORT ↗ · 1994 · Wierwille, Walter W. et al. · indexed
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The Long Road Home: Driving Performance and Ocular Measurements of Drowsiness Following Night Shift-Work · 2013 · Horrey, William J. et al. · archived
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2012 Traffic Safety Culture Index: Motorists Admit to Driving Drowsy · 2012 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
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The arousal paradox in critical task performance in automated driving during sleep inertia using a quasi experimental approach · 2025 · Tomzig, Markus et al. · archived
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Sleepiness of Occupational Drivers · 2005 · Philip, Pierre · archived
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Comparative analysis of drowsiness and performance in conditionally automated driving and manual driving considering the effect of circadian rhythm ↗ · 2022 · Zhang, Qi et al. · indexed
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SLEEP DEPRIVATION EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS OF DRIVING BEHAVIOR ↗ · 1958 · Forbes, T. W. et al. · indexed
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Driver Drowsiness Classification Using Fuzzy Wavelet-Packet-Based Feature-Extraction Algorithm · 2010 · Khushaba, R N et al. · archived
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Effectiveness of Workload-Based Drowsy Driving Countermeasures ↗ · 2019 · Rayes, Freddy et al. · indexed
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EVALUATION OF TECHNIQUES FOR OCULAR MEASUREMENT AS AN INDEX OF FATIGUE AND THE BASIS FOR ALERTNESS MANAGEMENT ↗ · 1998 · Dinges, David F. et al. · indexed
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An Evaluation of Emerging Driver Fatigue Detection Measures and Technologies [Tech Brief] · 2009 · NHTSA · archived
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Evaluation of techniques for ocular measurement as an index of fatigue and as the basis for alertness management · 1998 · Dinges, David F. et al. · archived
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Camera-based drowsiness reference for driver state classification under real driving conditions ↗ · 2010 · Friedrichs, Fabian et al. · indexed
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Modelling and Detection of Driver's Fatigue using Ontology · 2022 · Lambert, Alexandre et al. · archived
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Effects of Partial and Total Sleep Deprivation on Driving Performance · 1995 · Peters, Robert D. et al. · archived
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Effects of Sleep Schedules on Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Performance · 2000 · Balkin, T. et al. · archived
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Characteristics of fatigued commercial motor vehicle drivers : a preliminary investigation. · 2012 · Khattak, Aemal et al. · archived
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Sleepy drivers on a slippery road: A pilot study using a driving simulator ↗ · 2021 · Radun, Igor et al. · indexed
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Potential for driver attention monitoring system development · 1984 · NHTSA · archived
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Vehicle and Highway Adaptations to Compensate for Sleepy Drivers ↗ · 2019 · Howard, Mark E. et al. · indexed
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Driver inattention and highway safety · 1985 · Sussman, E. D. et al. · archived
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A Systematic Review on Driver Drowsiness Detection Using Eye Activity Measures ↗ · 2024 · Kolus, Ahmet · indexed
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Driving fingerprinting enhances drowsy driving detection: Tailoring to individual driver characteristics ↗ · 2024 · Sun, Yifan et al. · indexed
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Biobehavioral Responses to Drowsy Driving Alarms and Alerting Stimuli · 2000 · Mallis, Malissa M. et al. · archived
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Development of Game-Like System Using Active Behavior Input for Wakefulness-Keeping Support in Driving · 2020 · Ibe, Tatsuro et al. · archived
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CVO driver fatigue and complex in-vehicle systems · 1997 · Lee, Jacsik et al. · archived
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Development of a Monitoring System for Driver Readiness in Prolonged Automated Driving · 2024 · Deb, Shuchisnigdha et al. · archived
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An Efficient Approach for Driver Drowsiness Detection at Moderate Drowsiness Level Based on Electroencephalography Signal and Vehicle Dynamics Data ↗ · 2022 · Houshmand, Sara et al. · indexed
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Fatigue States are Multidimensional: Evidence from Studies of Simulated Driving ↗ · 2007 · Saxby, Dyani et al. · indexed
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Active and passive fatigue in simulated driving: Discriminating styles of workload regulation and their safety impacts. · 2013 · Saxby, Dyani et al. · archived
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Sleepiness, near-misses and driving accidents among a representative population of French drivers ↗ · 2010 · SAGASPE, PATRICIA et al. · indexed
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The Psychomotor Vigilance Test Compared to a Divided Attention Steering Simulation in Patients with Moderate or Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea ↗ · 2020 · Huang Y et al. · indexed
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The Interaction Between Highly Automated Driving and the Development of Drowsiness ↗ · 2015 · Schömig, Nadja et al. · indexed
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Effects of Operating Practices on Commercial Driver Alertness · 1999 · O'Neill, T. R. et al. · archived
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Assessment of Drowsy Driving Associated Characteristics Using Deep Learning ↗ · 2023 · Naeem, Marwan et al. · indexed
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Sleepiness at the wheel across Europe: a survey of 19 countries · 2015 · Gonçalves, Marta et al. · archived
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Impairment of Driving Performance Caused by Sleep Deprivation or Alcohol: A Comparative Study ↗ · 1999 · Fairclough, Stephen et al. · indexed
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An Investigation of Factors Affecting Driver Alertness · 1970 · Sussman, E. Donald et al. · archived
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The 10-Year Risk of Verifed Motor Vehicle Crashes in Relation to Physiologic Sleepiness ↗ · 2010 · Drake, Christopher L. et al. · indexed
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Lane keeping performances subjected to whole-body vibrations · 2018 · Azizan, Amzar et al. · archived
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Classifying Features of Electroencephalography Signal to Detect Driver Drowsiness in the Early Drowsy Stage · 2022 · Houshmand, Sara et al. · archived
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Detecting Driver Drowsiness With Multi-Sensor Data Fusion Combined With Machine Learning · 2021 · Kulhandjian, Hovannes · archived
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Drowsiness monitoring based on driver and driving data fusion · 2011 · Daza, Iván García et al. · archived
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Identifying changes in EEG information transfer during drowsy driving by transfer entropy ↗ · 2015 · Huang, Chih-Sheng et al. · indexed
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Effects of daylight and darkness at daytime versus nighttime on driver sleepiness: A driving simulator study · 2024 · Meyerson, Amanda et al. · archived
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Wakefulness-Keeping Effect and Driving Safety by Active Action While Driving · 2017 · Ibe, Tatsuro et al. · archived
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Uppiggande effekter av sömnskattningar: Hur påverkar det GSR och förarövervakning? · 2026 · Ahlström, Christer et al. · archived
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Relations Between Performance and Subjective Ratings of Sleepiness During a Night Awake ↗ · 1994 · Gillberg, Mats et al. · indexed
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Effect of Drowsiness on Driver Performance and Traffic Safety ↗ · 2020 · Elbaz, Yousef et al. · indexed
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Classification of Drowsiness and Alertness States Using EEG Signals to Enhance Road Safety: A Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms and Ensemble Techniques ↗ · 2025 · Sistaninezhad, Masoud et al. · indexed
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Drowsy Driving in Fatal Crashes, United States, 2017–2021 · 2024 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
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Evaluation of a Smart Algorithm for Commercial Vehicle Driver Drowsiness Detection ↗ · 2007 · Eskandarian, Azim et al. · indexed
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Driver sleepiness and risk of serious injury to car occupants: population based case control study ↗ · 2002 · Connor, Jennie et al. · indexed
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Evaluation of Lane Departure Warnings for Drowsy Drivers · 2006 · Blommer, Mike et al. · archived
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Real-Time Deep Learning-Based Drowsiness Detection: Leveraging Computer-Vision and Eye-Blink Analyses for Enhanced Road Safety ↗ · 2023 · Safarov, Furkat et al. · indexed
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Prevalence of drowsy driving and modeling its intention: An Indonesian case study ↗ · 2023 · Rahmadiyani, Rani et al. · indexed
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Fatigued driving : prevalence, risk factors and groups, and the law ↗ · 2009 · Radun, Igor · indexed
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Analysis of Causal Factor of Driver Fatigue in the Driving in Different Driving Conditions ↗ · 2024 · Adachi, Masataka et al. · indexed
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Evaluation on induction of driver fatigue in driving different traffic condition: An EEG study <sup>*</sup> ↗ · 2023 · Adachi, Masataka et al. · indexed
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Prevalence of Motor Vehicle Crashes Involving Drowsy Drivers, United States, 2009-2013 · 2014 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
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It’s Out of Our Hands Now! Effects of Non-Driving Related Tasks During Highly Automated Driving on Drivers’ Fatigue ↗ · 2017 · Jarosch, Oliver et al. · indexed
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Are Drivers Allowed to Sleep? Sleep Inertia Effects Drivers’ Performance after Different Sleep Durations in Automated Driving ↗ · 2023 · Schwarze, Doreen et al. · indexed
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Detecting Driver Fatigue With Eye Blink Behavior · 2024 · Akin, Ali et al. · archived
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Investigating Driver Fatigue versus Alertness Using the Granger Causality Network · 2015 · Kong, Wanzeng et al. · archived
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Drowsy Driving Detection Based on the Driver's Head Movement using Infrared Sensors ↗ · 2008 · Heo, Seongkook · indexed
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Countermeasures to Loss of Alertness in Motor Vehicle Drivers: A Taxonomy and Evaluation ↗ · 1991 · Mackie, Robert R. et al. · indexed
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The Effects of Fatigue and Alcohol on Highway Safety · 1981 · Ryder, Joan M. et al. · archived
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In-vehicle fragrance administration as a countermeasure for driver fatigue · 2024 · Dahlman, Anna Sjörs et al. · archived
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A Review of Psychophysiological Measures to Assess Cognitive States in Real-World Driving · 2019 · Strayer, David L. · archived
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Unobtrusive drowsiness detection by neural network learning of driver steering ↗ · 2001 · Sayed, R et al. · indexed
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Electrooculogram analysis and development of a system for defining stages of drowsiness ↗ · 2004 · Thorslund, Birgitta · indexed
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The utility of the AusEd driving simulator in the clinical assessment of driver fatigue · 2007 · Desai, Anup V. et al. · archived
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Sleep {middle dot} 5: Driving and automobile crashes in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome ↗ · 2004 · George, C. F. · indexed
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Can Low Cost Road Engineering Measures Combat Driver Fatigue? A Driving Simulator Investigation · 2009 · Jamson, A Hamish et al. · archived
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The Maintenance of Wakefulness Test and Driving Simulator Performance ↗ · 2005 · Banks, Siobhan et al. · indexed
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Revised estimates of the U.S. drowsy driver crash problem size based on general estimates system case reviews ↗ · 1995 · Knipling, R R et al. · indexed
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Deterioration in Driving Performance During Sleep Deprivation Is Similar in Professional and Nonprofessional Drivers ↗ · 2013 · Howard, Mark E. et al. · indexed
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Assessment of driver fatigue-related brain responses and causal factors during driving under different traffic conditions · 2024 · Adachi, Masataka et al. · archived
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Habitually Sleepy Drivers Have a High Frequency of Automobile Crashes Associated with Respiratory Disorders during Sleep ↗ · 2000 · Masa, Juan F. et al. · indexed
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Drowsiness Detection in Drivers: A Systematic Review of Deep Learning-Based Models · 2025 · Fonseca, Tiago et al. · archived
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Factors Associated with Stopping to Rest During Long Night-Time Simulated Drives ↗ · 2023 · Gaspar, John et al. · indexed
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Visual Monitoring of Driver Inattention · 2008 · Bergasa, Luis M. et al. · archived
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Fatigue and mental underload further pronounced in L3 conditionally automated driving: Results from an EEG experiment on a test track · 2024 · Figalova, Nikol et al. · archived
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Drivers’ subjective perceptions of the contextual factors influencing fatigue: A qualitative study of suburban bus drivers in Iran ↗ · 2022 · Khanehshenas, Farin et al. · indexed
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Driving impairment due to sleepiness is exacerbated by low alcohol intake ↗ · 2003 · Horne, James A. et al. · indexed
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Towards a Reliable Ground Truth for Drowsiness: A Complexity Analysis on the Example of Driver Fatigue ↗ · 2020 · Kundinger, Thomas et al. · indexed
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Characteristics of crashes attributed to the driver having fallen asleep ↗ · 1995 · Pack, Allan I et al. · indexed
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Characterization of the effects of vibration on seated driver alertness ↗ · 2014 · Azizan, Mohd Amzar et al. · indexed
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Driver State Modeling through Latent Variable State Space Framework in the Wild · 2022 · Tavakoli, Arash et al. · archived
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Impact of Local/Short Haul Operations on Driver Fatigue [Report] · 2000 · Hanowski, Richard J. · archived
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Detection and Predictive Analysis of Drowsiness Using Non-contact Doppler Sensor · 2025 · In, Chung Kyo et al. · archived
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Estimation of drivers' drowsiness level using a Neural Network Based &#x2018;Error Correcting Output Coding&#x2019; method ↗ · 2010 · Tsuchida, Ayumi et al. · indexed
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Application of a new Model for Fatigue Identification of Commercial Vehicles Drivers · 2019 · Davidović, Jelica et al. · archived
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Automation Detection of Driver Fatigue Using Visual Behavior Variables · 2018 · Yonggang, Wang et al. · archived
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Age and gender comparisons of driving while sleepy: Behaviours and risk perceptions · 2011 · Obst, Patricia et al. · archived
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Non-intrusive Drowsiness Detection Techniques and Their Application in Detecting Early Dementia in Older Drivers ↗ · 2022 · Jan, Muhammad Tanveer et al. · indexed
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Heart Rate Variability-Based Driver Drowsiness Detection and Its Validation With EEG · 2018 · Fujiwara, Koichi et al. · archived
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Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity and Subjective State as Indices of Resource Utilization during Sustained Driving ↗ · 2008 · Reinerman, Lauren E. et al. · indexed
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Unsupervised Patterns of Driver Mental Fatigue State Based on Head Posture Using Gaussian Mixture Model ↗ · 2020 · Ansari, Shahzeb et al. · indexed
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A bibliometric review of research on driver fatigue under conditional automated driving ↗ · 2026 · Ni, Dingan et al. · indexed
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SUITABILITY OF HEART RATE RECORDING AS PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASURES TOOL TO DETERMINE DRIVERS' PERFORMANCE IMPAIRMENT: A PRELIMINARY STUDY · 2016 · Khamis, Nor Kamaliana et al. · archived
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Hazard perception in novice and experienced drivers: The effects of sleepiness · 2009 · Smith, Simon S. et al. · archived
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Realtime Driver Drowsiness Detection Using Machine Learning ↗ · 2022 · Al Redhaei, Aneesa et al. · indexed
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High risk of near-crash driving events following night-shift work ↗ · 2015 · Lee, Michael L. et al. · indexed
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Sleep Quality in Later Life: How Does It Affect Driving Safety? ↗ · 2026 · Barrett, Anne E. et al. · indexed
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The effect of three low-cost engineering treatments on driver fatigue: A driving simulator study · 2013 · Merat, Natasha et al. · archived
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Task-induced fatigue states and simulated driving performance ↗ · 2002 · Matthews, Gerald et al. · indexed
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Effects Of Moderate Sleep Deprivation and Low-Dose Alcohol On Driving Simulator Performance and Perception In Young Men ↗ · 2007 · Vakulin, Andrew et al. · indexed
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Detecting driver fatigue using heart rate variability: A systematic review · 2022 · Lu, Ke et al. · archived
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DRIVER FATIGUE: CONCEPTS, MEASUREMENT AND CRASH COUNTERMEASURES ↗ · 1988 · Haworth, Narelle et al. · indexed
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Prevalence of sleepiness while driving four-wheel motor vehicles in Fiji: a population-based survey (TRIP 9) ↗ · 2013 · Herman, Josephine et al. · indexed
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Circadian timing, drowsy driving, and health risk behavior in adolescent drivers. · 2016 · Keating, Daniel et al. · archived
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Impact of Sleeper Berth Usage on Commercial Driver Fatigue, Task 1 · 1999 · NHTSA · archived
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SLEEP QUALITY IN LATER LIFE: HOW DOES IT AFFECT RISKY DRIVING BEHAVIORS AND CRASH INCIDENCE? ↗ · 2024 · Barrett, Anne et al. · indexed
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Sleep Inertia Countermeasures in Automated Driving: A Concept of Cognitive Stimulation ↗ · 2020 · Wörle, Johanna et al. · indexed
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Design and Implementation of a Driver Drowsiness Detection System - A Practical Approach · 2014 · Čolić, Aleksandar et al. · archived
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A novel convolutional neural network method for subject-independent driver drowsiness detection based on single-channel data and EEG alpha spindles ↗ · 2021 · Houshmand, Sara et al. · indexed
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Drowsiness and distraction while driving: A study based on smartphone app data ↗ · 2020 · Soares, Sónia et al. · indexed
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Assessment of the Potential of Wrist-Worn Wearable Sensors for Driver Drowsiness Detection ↗ · 2020 · Kundinger, Thomas et al. · indexed
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Wireless and Wearable EEG System for Evaluating Driver Vigilance ↗ · 2014 · Lin, Chin‐Teng et al. · indexed
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Development of Active and Passive Fatigue Manipulations Using a Driving Simulator ↗ · 2007 · Saxby, Dyani et al. · indexed
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Simulated driving performance following prolonged wakefulness and alcohol consumption: separate and combined contributions to impairment ↗ · 2000 · Arnedt, J. Todd et al. · indexed
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A Study on the Correlation Between Driving Behavior and ECG Data in Driving Fatigue. ↗ · 2026 · Wang J et al. · indexed
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The Influence of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems on Fatigue Development Among Long-Haul Truck Drivers · 2025 · Huang, Chunxi et al. · archived
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Road Vehicle Automation and Its Effects on Fatigue, Sleep, Rest, and Recuperation ↗ · 2023 · Ahlström, Christer et al. · indexed
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Driver Fatigue and Accidents - Can Visual Sensitivity Predict Drivers Ability to Drive Safely ? ↗ · 2000 · Alm, Håkan · indexed
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Intelligent driver monitoring systems based on physiological sensor signals: A review ↗ · 2013 · Begum, Shahina · indexed
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Can talking on the phone keep the driver awake?: results of a field-study using telephoning as a countermeasure against fatigue while driving ↗ · 2011 · Jellentrup, Nina et al. · indexed
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Driver fatigue transition prediction in highly automated driving using physiological features ↗ · 2020 · Du, Na et al. · indexed
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Multimodal Driver State Modeling through Unsupervised Learning · 2021 · Tavakoli, Arash et al. · archived
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Fatigue risk management based on self-reported fatigue: Expanding a biomathematical model of fatigue-related performance deficits to also predict subjective sleepiness ↗ · 2021 · McCauley, Mark et al. · indexed
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Using Image Processing in the Proposed Drowsiness Detection System Design ↗ · 2018 · POURSADEGHIYAN, Mohsen et al. · indexed
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Fatigue and Secondary Media Impacts in the Automated Vehicle: A Multidimensional State Perspective ↗ · 2023 · Neubauer, Catherine et al. · indexed
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A New Approach for a Real-Time Non-Invasive Fatigue Assessment System for Automated Driving ↗ · 2018 · Feldhütter, Anna et al. · indexed
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Driver sleepiness and individual differences in preferences for countermeasures ↗ · 2008 · Anund, Anna et al. · indexed
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Simple reaction time, duration of driving and sleep deprivation in young versus old automobile drivers ↗ · 1999 · Philip, Pierre et al. · indexed
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Prevalence of Driver Sleepiness in a Random Population-based Sample of Car Driving ↗ · 2001 · Connor, Jennie et al. · indexed
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Sustained Attention Performance during Sleep Deprivation Associates with Instability in Behavior and Physiologic Measures at Baseline ↗ · 2014 · Chua, Eric Chern-Pin et al. · indexed
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Driver sleepiness and risk of motor vehicle crash injuries: A population-based case control study in Fiji (TRIP 12) ↗ · 2013 · Herman, Josephine et al. · indexed
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Predicting driver fatigue using HRV measures and machine learning. · 2026 · Puspasari, MA et al. · archived
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Sensitivity and validity of psychometric tests for assessing driving impairment: effects of sleep deprivation. · 2015 · Jongen, Stefan et al. · archived
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Driver Assistance System With a Dual Control Scheme: Effectiveness of Identifying Driver Drowsiness and Preventing Lane Departure Accidents · 2016 · Saito, Yuichi et al. · archived
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A Semantic Hybrid Temporal Approach for Detecting Driver Mental Fatigue ↗ · 2024 · Ansari, Shahzeb et al. · indexed
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Effects of sleep deprivation and hazard types on the hazard perception of young novice drivers: An ERP study ↗ · 2024 · Sun, Long et al. · indexed
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Freeway crashes involving drowsy driving: Crash characteristics and severity in South Korea ↗ · 2021 · Kim, Sungyop et al. · indexed
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A Study of Prevalence of Sleep Apnea Among Commercial Truck Drivers [Final Report] · 2002 · Pack, Allan I. et al. · archived
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Advanced Driver Fatigue Research · 2007 · Eskandarian, Azim et al. · archived
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Music as a countermeasure to fatigue: A driving simulator study · 2024 · Orsini, Federico et al. · archived
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Fatigue in transportation operations: A contextual factors survey among Iranian suburban drivers ↗ · 2023 · Khanehshenas, Farin et al. · indexed
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Driving fatigue increases after the Spring transition to Daylight Saving Time in young male drivers: A pilot study · 2023 · Orsini, Federico et al. · archived
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The Interactive Effects of Extended Wakefulness and Low-dose Alcohol on Simulated Driving and Vigilance · 2007 · Howard, Mark E. et al. · archived
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Impact of Local/Short-Haul Operations on Driver Fatigue: Field Study [TechBrief] · 2001 · NHTSA · archived
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A dataset on the physiological state and behavior of drivers in conditionally automated driving ↗ · 2023 · Meteier, Quentin et al. · indexed
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Survey and Synthesis of State of the Art in Driver Monitoring · 2021 · Halin, Anaïs et al. · archived
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TASK-INDUCED FATIGUE EFFECTS ON SIMULATED DRIVING PERFORMANCE ↗ · 1998 · Desmond, Paula A. et al. · indexed
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Impaired alertness and performance driving home from the night shift: a driving simulator study ↗ · 2005 · Åkerstedt, Torbjörn et al. · indexed
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Common Neural Correlates for Subjective and Objective Sleepiness Indices: A Functional Connectivity Study ↗ · 2025 · Motomura Y et al. · indexed
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An embedded intelligence engine for driver drowsiness detection ↗ · 2022 · Vadlamudi, Shirisha et al. · indexed
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Counteracting driver fatigue in the context of conditional automated driving: an individualized and overarching approach ↗ · 2026 · Loew, Alexandra et al. · indexed
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Correlation of Steering Behavior with Heavy-Truck Driver Fatigue ↗ · 1996 · Siegmund, Gunter P. et al. · indexed
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Pink Elephants on the Road: Visual Illusions and Distortions when Driving during Significant Sleep Deprivation ↗ · 2020 · Craig, Curtis M. et al. · indexed
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Research On Vehicle-Based Driver Status/Performance Monitoring, Part I · 1996 · Wierwille, Walter W. et al. · archived
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Driver Alertness and Fatigue: Summary of Completed Research Projects, 1995-98 · 2000 · NHTSA · archived
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Further Evidence That Sleep Deprivation Effects and the Vigilance Decrement Are Functionally Equivalent: Comment on Altmann (2018) ↗ · 2018 · Gunzelmann, Glenn et al. · indexed
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Driving Fatigue and Performance among Occupational Drivers in Simulated Prolonged Driving · 2010 · Seen, Kee Sze et al. · archived
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Real time and non-intrusive driver fatigue monitoring · 2005 · Zhu, Zhiwei et al. · archived
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Impact of free-choice non-driving related activities on driver fatigue and performance in the context of conditional automated driving ↗ · 2025 · Loew, Alexandra et al. · indexed
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Driver Drowsiness Multi-Method Detection for Vehicles with Autonomous Driving Functions ↗ · 2024 · Beles, Horia et al. · indexed
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The Evolution of Driver Monitoring Systems: A Shortened Story on Past, Current and Future Approaches How Cars Acquire Knowledge About the Driver's State ↗ · 2020 · Manstetten, Dietrich et al. · indexed
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Gaze dynamics reveal age-related physiological patterns across driving events ↗ · 2026 · Strle, Gregor et al. · indexed
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Real-Time Driver-Drowsiness Detection System Using Facial Features · 2019 · Deng, Wanghua et al. · archived
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Highway driving safety the day after using sleep medication: the direction of lapses and excursions out‐of‐lane in drowsy drivers · 2018 · Verster, Joris C. et al. · archived
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Sleep deficiency and motor vehicle crash risk in the general population: a prospective cohort study · 2018 · Gottlieb, Daniel J. et al. · archived
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Directed Brain Network Analysis for Fatigue Driving Based on EEG Source Signals ↗ · 2022 · Qin, Yingmei et al. · indexed
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How Tired is Too Tired to Drive? A Systematic Review Assessing the Use of Prior Sleep Duration to Detect Driving Impairment · 2023 · Sprajcer, Madeline et al. · archived
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Real-time monitoring of driver cognitive states: linking driving behavior to neural oscillations ↗ · 2026 · Alyan, Emad et al. · indexed
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Analysis of Head Micromovements and Body Posture for Vigilance Decrement Assessment · 2024 · Rossi, Dario et al. · archived
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The Effect of Acute Sleep Deprivation on Visual Evoked Potentials in Professional Drivers ↗ · 2008 · Jackson, Melinda L. et al. · indexed
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Driver Drowsiness Warning System Using Visual Information for Both Diurnal and Nocturnal Illumination Conditions · 2010 · Flores, MarcoJavier et al. · archived
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The Effect of Passenger Interaction on Situation Awareness and Driving Performance in Sleep-Deprived Condition ↗ · 2019 · Rizalmi, Sigit Rahmat et al. · indexed
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Real-time driver drowsiness detection using transformer architectures: a novel deep learning approach · 2025 · Hassan, Osama F. et al. · archived
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Fatigue Among Indonesian Commercial Vehicle Drivers: A Study Examining Changes in Subjective Responses and Ocular Indicators · 2023 · Zainy, Muhammad Lutfi Shadiq et al. · archived
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Effect of Active and Passive Fatigue on Performance Using a Driving Simulator ↗ · 2008 · Saxby, Dyani et al. · indexed
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Next-Day Effects of Social Drinking on Driver Fatigue and Driving Performance · 2026 · Ahlström, Christer et al. · archived
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Sleep Apnea, Sleep Debt and Daytime Sleepiness Are Independently Associated with Road Accidents. A Cross-Sectional Study on Truck Drivers · 2016 · Garbarino, Sergio et al. · archived
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A National Sleep Foundation's Conference Summary: The National Summit to Prevent Drowsy Driving and a New Call to Action · 2005 · Drobnich, Darrel · archived
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Feasibility of smart wearables for driver drowsiness detection and its potential among different age groups ↗ · 2020 · Kundinger, Thomas et al. · indexed
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Understanding Influences of Driving Fatigue on Driver Fingerprinting Identification Through Deep Learning ↗ · 2023 · Sun, Yifan et al. · indexed
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Kinesthesia in a sustained-attention driving task · 2014 · Chuang, Chun‐Hsiang et al. · archived
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Driver Inattention Monitoring System for Intelligent Vehicles: A Review ↗ · 2011 · Dong, Yanchao et al. · indexed
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Development of Drowsiness Detection Method by Integrating Heart Rate Variability Analysis and Multivariate Statistical Process Control ↗ · 2016 · Abe, Erika et al. · indexed
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Driver Mental Fatigue Detection Based on Head Posture Using New Modified reLU-BiLSTM Deep Neural Network ↗ · 2021 · Ansari, Shahzeb et al. · indexed
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A Deep Neural Network for Real-Time Driver Drowsiness Detection · 2019 · Toan H., VU et al. · archived
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Theory-Based Determinants of Stopping Drowsy Driving Behavior in College Students: A Cross-Sectional Study ↗ · 2024 · Akhter, Md Sohail et al. · indexed
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Sleep Habits and Accident Risk Among Truck Drivers: A Cross-Sectional Study in Argentina ↗ · 2005 · Pérez-Chada, Daniel et al. · indexed
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Associations Between Heavy-Vehicle Driver Compensation Methods, Fatigue-Related Driving Behavior, and Sleepiness ↗ · 2014 · Thompson, Jason et al. · indexed
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Investigation of the Effects of Split Sleep Schedules on Commercial Vehcle Driver Safety and Health · 2012 · NHTSA · archived
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Sleepiness, Sleep-disordered Breathing, and Accident Risk Factors in Commercial Vehicle Drivers ↗ · 2004 · Howard, Mark E. et al. · indexed
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Underload on the Road: Measuring Vigilance Decrements During Partially Automated Driving · 2021 · McWilliams, Thomas et al. · archived
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Vision-based method for detecting driver drowsiness and distraction in driver monitoring system ↗ · 2011 · Jo, Jaeik · indexed
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How to measure monotony-related fatigue? A systematic review of fatigue measurement methods for use on driving tests ↗ · 2018 · Bier, Lukas et al. · indexed
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Consensus Statement: Fatigue and accidents in transport operations ↗ · 2000 · Åkerstedt, Torbjörn · indexed
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No Evidence That Sleep Deprivation Effects and the Vigilance Decrement Are Functionally Equivalent: Comment on Veksler and Gunzelmann (2017) ↗ · 2017 · Altmann, Erik M. · indexed
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Truck Driver Fatigue Management Survey Appendix · 2006 · NHTSA · archived
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Individual differences in peripheral physiology and implications for the real-time assessment of driver state (phase I & II). · 2013 · Reimer, Bryan · archived
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Quantitative indicators of street lighting with mood, fatigue, mental workload and sleepiness in car drivers ↗ · 2023 · Madvari, Rohollah Fallah et al. · indexed
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ID3RSNet: cross-subject driver drowsiness detection from raw single-channel EEG with an interpretable residual shrinkage network · 2025 · Feng, Xiao et al. · archived
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Acute Sleep Deprivation and Risk of Motor Vehicle Crash Involvement · 2016 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
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European NCAP Program Developments to Address Driver Distraction, Drowsiness and Sudden Sickness ↗ · 2021 · Fredriksson, Rikard et al. · indexed
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Insomnia is associated with road accidents. Further evidence from a study on truck drivers. · 2017 · Garbarino, Sergio et al. · archived
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Slow‐release caffeine as a countermeasure to driver sleepiness induced by partial sleep deprivation ↗ · 2001 · De Valck, Elke et al. · indexed
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Hypersomnolence and Accidents in Truck Drivers: A Cross‐Sectional Study ↗ · 2006 · de Pinho, Rachel S. N. et al. · indexed
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Optimized driver fatigue detection method using multimodal neural networks · 2025 · Cao, Shengli et al. · archived
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Towards a transactional ergonomics for driver stress and fatigue ↗ · 2002 · Matthews, Gerald · indexed
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Maintenance of Wakefulness Test as a Predictor of Driving Performance in Patients With Untreated Obstructive Sleep Apnea ↗ · 2007 · Sagaspe, Patricia et al. · indexed
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Real-Time Machine Learning-Based Driver Drowsiness Detection Using Visual Features ↗ · 2023 · Albadawi, Yaman et al. · indexed
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Effects of driver sleepiness and fatigue on violations among truck drivers in India ↗ · 2019 · Mahajan, Kirti et al. · indexed
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Decreased Attentional Responsivity During Sleep Deprivation: Orienting Response Latency, Amplitude, and Habituation ↗ · 1997 · McCarthy, Michele E. et al. · indexed
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Stress and Fatigue Effects of Driving Longer-Combination Vehicles · 2000 · NHTSA · archived
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Fatal distraction: a case series of fatal fall‐asleep road accidents and their medicolegal outcomes ↗ · 2003 · Desai, Anup V et al. · indexed
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Validation of a one-item acute stress scale for driving tasks · 2024 · Dahlman, Anna Sjörs et al. · archived
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Age-Related Changes in the Time Course of Vigilant Attention During 40 Hours Without Sleep in Men ↗ · 2006 · Adam, Martin et al. · indexed
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The Effects of Coffee and Napping on Nighttime Highway Driving ↗ · 2006 · Philip, Pierre et al. · indexed
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Body Mass Index (BMI) as a First-Line Screening Criterion for Detection of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness Among Professional Drivers ↗ · 2006 · Dagan, Yaron et al. · indexed
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Local changes in the wake electroencephalogram precedes lane departures ↗ · 2017 · Ahlstrom, Christer et al. · indexed
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Seasonal Variation of Falling Asleep while Driving: An Examination of Fatal Road Accidents ↗ · 2006 · Radun, Igor et al. · indexed
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Driver Safety Development Real Time Driver Drowsiness Detection System Based on Convolutional Neural Network · 2020 · Hashemi, Maryam et al. · archived
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How Sleep and Mental Disorders Are Related to Complaints of Daytime Sleepiness ↗ · 1997 · Ohayon, Maurice M. · indexed
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Daytime sleepiness and other sleep disorders in Parkinson’s disease ↗ · 2001 · Ondo, William G. et al. · indexed
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Guidelines for the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT): A Standard Measure of Sleepiness ↗ · 1986 · Carskadon, Mary A. · indexed
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Under reporting of sleepiness and driving impairment in patients with sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome ↗ · 1997 · Engleman, Heather M. et al. · indexed
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Visual Attention and Poor Sleep Quality · 2022 · Abdolalizadeh, AmirHussein et al. · archived
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Trial-by-Trial Variations in Subjective Attentional State are Reflected in Ongoing Prestimulus EEG Alpha Oscillations ↗ · 2011 · Macdonald, James S. P. et al. · indexed
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Blink rate during tests of executive performance after nocturnal traffic noise ↗ · 2009 · Griefahn, Barbara et al. · indexed
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0101 Clouded Cognitive Awareness: The Role of Subjective and Objective Sleep in Older Adults’ Awareness of Cognitive Functioning ↗ · 2025 · Costa, Amy et al. · indexed
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EEG markers confirm the arousing effect of moderate hyperthermia in healthy subjects as opposed to sleep restriction ↗ · 2025 · Beauchamps, Vincent et al. · indexed
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Fatigue and cognitive fatigability in patients with chronic pain · 2024 · Holmqvist, Anna et al. · archived
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Mindfulness meditation styles differently modulate source-level MEG microstate dynamics and complexity · 2024 · Antea D’Andrea et al. · archived
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Pensiero, immagini mentali e creativit&agrave; in diversi stati di vigilanza: il contributo della scuola di Marcello Cesa-Bianchi · 2021 · Antonietti, Alessandro et al. · archived