Mild Cognitive Impairment and Driving Performance

Staplin, Loren; Lococo, Kathy H.; Mastromatto, Tia; Gish, Kenneth W.; Golembiewski, Gary; Sifrit, Kathy J. · 2019 · ROSA P / United States. Department of Transportation. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

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Summary

This study, conducted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), investigates the relationship between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and driving performance in older adults. Motivated by the growing aging population and the prevalence of MCI as an intermediary state between normal aging and dementia, the research aimed to determine how MCI affects safe driving maneuvers and driving exposure. The project sought to provide evidence-based guidance for clinicians and licensing agencies regarding when to recommend driving cessation or further evaluation. The researchers employed a quasi-experimental design involving 38 participants aged 62 to 88, recruited from Virginia communities. The sample included drivers with MCI or moderate cognitive impairment and a comparison group of cognitively intact drivers. Data collection involved three components: clinical assessments, on-road driving evaluations, and naturalistic driving exposure monitoring. Clinical measures included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Trail-Making Test, Maze Test, and Functional Activities Questionnaire, alongside vision and mobility tests to rule out confounding factors. Certified Driver Rehabilitation Specialists (CDRS) administered on-road tests on routes designed to include risky maneuvers, scoring performance on operational, tactical, and strategic tasks. Additionally, 29 participants had their vehicles instrumented with GPS loggers and cameras for approximately one month to record driving exposure, including trip distance, duration, and conditions. The results indicated that cognitive status significantly predicted on-road driving performance, particularly for tactical tasks such as gap judgment and lane control. Regression analyses revealed that MoCA scores were the strongest predictor of road test outcomes, with lower scores associated with greater point deductions. The Maze Test also showed moderate predictive value. In contrast, the relationship between cognitive status and driving exposure was weak; clinical measures accounted for less than 12% of the variance in total trips, hours, or miles driven. While drivers with MCI received significantly more points off on road tests than unimpaired drivers, there was no significant statistical model linking cognitive impairment to self-restriction of driving exposure. The study concludes that the MoCA is a practical and effective screening tool for identifying older drivers who may require comprehensive driving evaluations. The findings underscore that while MCI negatively impacts specific driving skills, particularly tactical decision-making, it does not necessarily lead to significant self-restriction of driving exposure. This suggests that clinicians should rely on objective performance assessments rather than self-reported driving habits when evaluating the safety of drivers with cognitive decline. The research supports the use of rapid cognitive screening to facilitate timely referrals for further assessment, aiding in the development of safer driving policies for older adults.

Key finding

Lower Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores were significantly associated with poorer on-road driving performance, specifically regarding tactical tasks, whereas cognitive status did not significantly predict driving exposure metrics.

Methodology

mixed_methods

Sample size: 38

Provenance

The full processing record for this entry. Every stage of this paper's journey through the pipeline is logged — what ran, with which tool and model, how many attempts it took, and when it last completed. Discovered via bulk_ingest_rosap on 2026-05-23 (6 acquisition events logged).

StageOutcomeToolModelPromptAttemptsCompleted
discover success rosap 2 2026-05-23
archive success 1 2026-05-23
extract success cached 2 2026-06-10
clean success 1 2026-06-01
chunk success 1 2026-06-01
embed success 1 2026-06-02
enrich success 1 2026-05-23
promote success 1 2026-05-23
summarize success llm qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant summ-v5 3 2026-06-10
tag success vector_similarity 19 2026-06-11
verify partial 2 2026-06-10

Summary generated by qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant on 2026-06-10; verification: verified_with_issues.

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