A Systematic Review of Profiles of Speed and Lane Keeping for Driving Simulator Data
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Summary
This systematic review aims to establish a profile of "normal" driving performance by analyzing baseline data from previous studies conducted at the National Advanced Driving Simulator (NADS). The primary motivation was to create a repository of control data that could serve as a reference for future simulator studies, potentially replacing the need to collect new baseline conditions. Additionally, the study sought to identify how experimental design factors, such as driving environment characteristics and subject demographics, influence common driving performance metrics used in impairment research. The methodology involved a two-part process: a literature review to inform data selection and a statistical analysis of pooled NADS data. The literature review utilized Google Scholar and PubMed to identify 43 publications related to impaired driving (e.g., alcohol, cannabis, distraction), focusing on experimental designs, performance measures, and demographics. For the data analysis, researchers mined control/baseline scenarios from NADS-1 and miniSim platforms, specifically excluding data involving impairment, distraction, or drowsiness. Using General Linear Models (GLM), the study analyzed the relationship between independent variables—such as speed limit, traffic presence, lane count, driver age, sex, driving experience, and simulator platform—and dependent variables including standard deviation of lane position (SDLP), lane crossings per minute, relative speed, and standard deviation of speed. The results demonstrated that both environmental and demographic factors significantly affect baseline driving performance. Environmentally, SDLP increased with higher speed limits, the presence of traffic, and a greater number of lanes. Demographically, SDLP and lane crossings exhibited a parabolic relationship with driver age and years of driving experience, suggesting performance variations across different age groups. Lane crossings were higher for female drivers, whereas SDLP and speed variability were not predicted by sex. Furthermore, the simulator platform influenced outcomes: NADS-1 yielded higher SDLP and lower lane crossings compared to the miniSim, while also showing lower speeds and higher speed variability. The significance of this work lies in the creation of a standardized baseline repository for driving simulator research, enhancing the comparability of future impairment studies. By quantifying how specific experimental conditions and participant characteristics alter driving metrics, the findings provide critical guidance for designing robust studies. Researchers can now better account for confounding variables such as simulator type and demographic distributions, ensuring that observed performance changes are attributable to the impairment or intervention being studied rather than baseline variability.
Key finding
Both driving environment characteristics and driver demographic variables significantly affect baseline driving performance measures, including lane position variability and speed consistency.
Methodology
review
Sample size: 43
Provenance
The full processing record for this entry. Every stage of this paper's journey through the pipeline is logged — what ran, with which tool and model, how many attempts it took, and when it last completed. Discovered via bulk_ingest_rosap on 2026-05-23 (6 acquisition events logged).
| Stage | Outcome | Tool | Model | Prompt | Attempts | Completed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| discover | success | rosap | — | — | 2 | 2026-05-23 |
| archive | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-05-23 |
| extract | success | cached | — | — | 2 | 2026-06-10 |
| clean | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-01 |
| chunk | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-01 |
| embed | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-02 |
| enrich | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-05-23 |
| promote | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-05-23 |
| summarize | success | llm | qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant | summ-v5 | 3 | 2026-06-10 |
| tag | success | vector_similarity | — | — | 19 | 2026-06-11 |
| verify | success | — | — | — | 2 | 2026-06-10 |
Summary generated by qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant on 2026-06-10; verification: verified.
Topics
Ranked by relevance to this paper. Hover a topic for its definition.
- lane positioning
- simulator validity fidelity
- speed choice
- simulator sickness
- exposure measurement
- cognitive capacity variation
Information type
What kind of knowledge this paper contributes, grouped by family — independent of topic (what it is about) and method (how it was studied).
- Empirical Findings: behavioral performance data
- Methodological Resource: tool software, validation psychometrics