Understanding risky driving among motorized two-wheeler drivers: time-related anxiety and impunctuality
DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2023.10.022
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Summary
This study investigates the psychological and demographic factors influencing risky driving behaviors among motorized two-wheeler (MTW) drivers, a group disproportionately represented in road fatalities due to vehicle vulnerability. Specifically, the research addresses the underexplored motivations behind traffic violations (red light running), traffic errors (turning without indicating), and non-illegal dangerous maneuvers (lane sharing) in lower-middle-income contexts like India. The authors aim to quantify how time-related anxiety, impunctuality, self-efficacy, and subjective norms interact with demographic attributes to drive these unsafe choices, thereby identifying opportunities for targeted risk management and policy intervention. To achieve this, the researchers collected data from 460 MTW drivers in India via an online questionnaire administered between April and June 2021. The survey captured self-reported tendencies for risky behaviors under both normal and time-pressure conditions, alongside latent psychological factors and demographic details. The analytical approach combined decision tree modeling with binary logistic regression. First, Exhaustive CHAID decision trees were developed to classify risky driving decisions and identify non-linear relationships between predictors and outcomes. These trees generated interaction variables combining psychological and demographic factors. Second, binary logistic regression models were employed to quantify the probability of engaging in risky behaviors based on these interaction variables, main effects of psychological latent constructs, and individual characteristics. The results highlight significant impacts of anxiety and age on driving behavior. As driver anxiety increased, the probability of lane sharing rose from 76.3% to 87.9% in normal driving situations and from 80.3% to 96.6% in time-pressure situations. Decision tree analysis revealed that the presence of a pillion rider was the most decisive factor for red light running, while belief in driving skills over risk was the primary determinant for lane sharing. Furthermore, older drivers exhibited significantly lower odds of running red lights (0.57) and lane sharing (0.68) compared to younger drivers. The study also found that experienced and overconfident drivers were highly likely to engage in lane sharing. The findings underscore the critical role of time-related anxiety and impunctuality in escalating risky driving behaviors, particularly lane sharing. The study concludes that evidence-based policymaking should address the risks associated with time-pressure driving, such as that prevalent in online food delivery systems, and consider the legalization and regulation of lane sharing to mitigate crash risks. By quantifying the combined effects of psychological and demographic factors, the research provides a framework for developing targeted interventions to improve road safety for MTW users.
Key finding
Increased driver anxiety significantly raises the probability of lane sharing, while older age reduces the likelihood of both red light running and lane sharing among motorized two-wheeler drivers.
Methodology
survey
Sample size: 460
Provenance
The full processing record for this entry. Every stage of this paper's journey through the pipeline is logged — what ran, with which tool and model, how many attempts it took, and when it last completed. Discovered via scout_discovery on 2026-05-08 (3 acquisition events logged).
| Stage | Outcome | Tool | Model | Prompt | Attempts | Completed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| discover | partial | scout | — | — | 2 | 2026-05-08 |
| archive | success | canonical_url | — | — | 6 | 2026-06-06 |
| extract | success | cached | — | — | 3 | 2026-06-10 |
| clean | success | clean | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-07 |
| chunk | success | chunk | — | — | 1 | 2026-06-07 |
| embed | success | embed | Qwen/Qwen3-Embedding-8B | — | 1 | 2026-06-07 |
| enrich | failed | — | — | — | 6 | 2026-07-02 |
| promote | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-05-08 |
| summarize | success | llm | qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant | summ-v5 | 2 | 2026-06-10 |
| tag | success | vector_similarity | — | — | 15 | 2026-06-11 |
| verify | success | — | — | — | 2 | 2026-06-10 |
Summary generated by qwen3.6-27b-prismaquant on 2026-06-10; verification: verified.
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Information type
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- Empirical Findings: behavioral performance data, observational prevalence
- Theoretical Contribution: theory or model