Influence of Riding Experience on Glance Behavior, Brake Response Time and Deceleration Rates by Drivers and Motorcyclists
DOI: 10.17077/drivingassessment.1433
archive: archived pipeline: cataloged verified
Get this paper ↗ (DOI — opens at the source; we link to it, we don't host it)
Summary
This study investigates the differences in crash avoidance behaviors between drivers and motorcyclists, specifically focusing on attention maintenance, hazard anticipation, and risk mitigation. Motivated by rising motorcycle fatality rates despite overall declines in traffic deaths, the research aims to identify how riding experience and vehicle mode influence glance behavior, brake response time (BRT), and deceleration rates. The authors sought to determine if motorcyclists exhibit distinct behavioral patterns that may increase crash risk compared to when the same individuals operate cars. The methodology involved 23 participants (17 males, 6 females, ages 20–69) who operated both a 2009 Dodge Charger and a 2008 Kawasaki Ninja 650R on a controlled, low-volume course. Each participant completed five laps in each vehicle. Data collection utilized ASL MobileEye eye-tracking systems to record glance behaviors, including pavement glances and time spent looking off-road. On-board accelerometers and string potentiometers measured braking inputs and deceleration. Participants performed hard braking maneuvers in response to red LED cues and navigated intersections requiring hazard anticipation glances. Experience was categorized by age (under/over 25) and years licensed. The results revealed significant differences in visual behavior and braking performance based on vehicle mode. Motorcyclists spent significantly more time glancing off the road (21.8% vs. 8.1% for drivers) and made fewer anticipatory glances toward the greatest threat before turning (42% vs. 60% for drivers). While brake response times were statistically similar between modes for most groups, younger motorcyclists responded nearly one second slower than other operators. Crucially, motorcyclists decelerated less aggressively than drivers, achieving an average deceleration of 0.44 Gs’ compared to 0.55 Gs’ for drivers. Riders also braked less aggressively when pedestrians were present. Age and licensing duration did not significantly alter glance behaviors, though younger riders exhibited slower response times. The findings suggest that motorcyclists expose themselves to unnecessary risk by failing to maintain proper visual attention and employing suboptimal braking techniques. The tendency to look away from the road ahead and neglect final hazard checks before turns indicates a deficit in hazard anticipation. Furthermore, the reduced deceleration rates imply that riders do not mitigate risk as effectively as they do when driving cars. The authors conclude that training curricula should specifically target attention maintenance, hazard anticipation, and efficient braking, particularly for young and novice riders, to address these behavioral gaps and improve safety outcomes.
Provenance
The full processing record for this entry. Every stage of this paper's journey through the pipeline is logged — what ran, with which tool and model, how many attempts it took, and when it last completed.
| Stage | Outcome | Tool | Model | Prompt | Attempts | Completed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| discover | success | Crossref | — | — | 1 | 2026-08-09 |
| archive | success | canonical_url | — | — | 1 | 2026-08-09 |
| extract | success | cached | — | — | 3 | 2026-08-10 |
| clean | success | clean | — | — | 1 | 2026-08-09 |
| chunk | success | chunk | — | — | 1 | 2026-08-09 |
| embed | success | embed | Qwen/Qwen3-Embedding-8B | — | 1 | 2026-08-09 |
| promote | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-08-09 |
| summarize | success | llm | qwen3.6-27b-nvidia | summ-v5 | 2 | 2026-08-10 |
| tag | success | vector_similarity | — | — | 10 | 2026-08-11 |
| verify | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-08-10 |
Summary generated by qwen3.6-27b-nvidia on 2026-08-10; verification: verified.
Topics
Ranked by relevance to this paper. Hover a topic for its definition.
Information type
What kind of knowledge this paper contributes, grouped by family — independent of topic (what it is about) and method (how it was studied).
- Empirical Findings: behavioral performance data, observational prevalence
- Methodological Resource: measurement protocol