looked but failed to see

Looked-but-failed-to-see (LBFTS): the error in which a driver directs gaze toward an object or hazard yet fails to perceive or report it, a perception/attention failure despite adequate fixation, prominent in intersection and motorcycle crash causation. A specific GAZE-DIRECTED detection failure, distinct from hazard_perception (the general skill of recognizing developing dangers), peripheral_attention (objects detected, or missed, outside fixation), and eye_movements_scanning (the pattern of looking, regardless of whether perception followed).

Related elsewhere in the corpus

Topics that co-occur with this one far more than chance predicts — these sit in other categories, so the hierarchy would not have shown them to you.

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Instruments & Measures 165 of 450 declare it
Automation level 94 of 450 declare it
Dataset 136 of 450 declare it

450 paper(s) · ranked by relevance to this topic

  1. Motorcyclists’ speed and “looked-but-failed-to-see” accidents · 2012 · Clabaux, Nicolas et al. · indexed
  2. Looked-but-failed-to-see-errors in traffic · 2003 · Herslund, Mai-Britt et al. · indexed
  3. Why do car drivers fail to give way to motorcycles at t-junctions? · 2012 · Crundall, David et al. · indexed
  4. The basic driver error: late detection · 1990 · RUMAR, KÂRE · indexed
  5. Driver attention in urban intersections when crossing paths with cyclists · 2025 · Ahlström, Christer et al. · archived
  6. Gaze direction and driving behavior of drivers at level crossings · 2016 · Grippenkoven, Jan et al. · indexed
  7. Driver workload during differing driving maneuvers · 1990 · Hancock, P.A. et al. · indexed
  8. When Nurses in an Emergency Situation Look for a Medical Item But Fail to See It · 2024 · Almulhis, Riyadh Saleh H. et al. · indexed
  9. Extending Analysis of Older Drivers’ Scanning Patterns at Intersections · 2016 · Yamani, Yusuke et al. · indexed
  10. Driver eye-scanning behavior at intersections at night. · 2009 · Higgins, Laura L. et al. · archived
  11. Driver Inattention Detection based on Eye Gaze—Road Event Correlation · 2009 · Fletcher, Luke et al. · indexed
  12. Analysis of Driver Gaze and Attention to Traffic Signs · 2022 · Shabani, Shabnam et al. · indexed
  13. Driver Gaze Fixation and Pattern Analysis in Safety Critical Events · 2023 · Bhagat, Hirva et al. · indexed
  14. Rapid holistic perception and evasion of road hazards · 2019 · Wolfe, Benjamin et al. · archived
  15. Navigating Intersections · 2015 · Yamani, Yusuke et al. · indexed
  16. Inattentional Blindness While Driving · 2003 · Wood, Chip et al. · indexed
  17. Where to Look? VR Gaze-Based Analysis in Adverse Weather Driving · 2025 · Bang, Junsik et al. · indexed
  18. Measurements of Gaze Movements While Driving · 1989 · Kito, Tsuneo et al. · indexed
  19. Effects of Inaccurate Gaze Behavior on Young Drivers’ Hazard Anticipation · 2019 · Yahoodik, Sarah et al. · indexed
  20. Inattentional Blindness in a Simulated Driving Task · 2013 · Kennedy, Kellie D. et al. · indexed
  21. Hazard Perception in Driving: A Systematic Literature Review · 2022 · Cao, Shi et al. · archived
  22. Maintaining foveal fixation during a peripheral detection task · 2016 · Fotios, S et al. · indexed
  23. Creating Scanning Pattern Maps of Driver Fixations During Hazards · 2013 · Hardy, A. F. et al. · indexed
  24. The Effects of Momentary Visual Disruption on Hazard Anticipation in Driving · 2013 · Borowsky, Avinoam et al. · indexed
  25. Vision, Visibility, and Perception in Driving · 1980 · Hills, Brian L · indexed
  26. Comparative Analysis of Motorcyclists’ Gaze Behavior in Different Road Environments · 2021 · Lemonakis, Panagiotis et al. · indexed
  27. Eye movements and hazard perception in active and passive driving · 2015 · Mackenzie, Andrew K. et al. · indexed
  28. Shift the gaze · 2026 · Illgner, Johannes et al. · indexed
  29. An investigation of inattentional blindness using gaze and frequency tagging. · 2023 · Hutchinson, Brendan T. et al. · indexed
  30. Study of MTCNN-based driver gaze information visualization · 2022 · Kim, Hyung-Kyu et al. · indexed
  31. Modeling Effects of Forward Glance Durations on Latent Hazard Detection · 2017 · Park, Hyoshin et al. · indexed
  32. Influence of urban road infrastructure on drivers’ gaze behavior · 2025 · Hristov, Borislav et al. · indexed
  33. Feature-based attentional set as a cause of traffic accidents · 2007 · Most, Steven B. et al. · indexed
  34. Age, Skill and Hazard Perception in Driving · 2007 · Borowsky, Avinoam et al. · indexed
  35. Identifying and Remedying Failures of Selective Attention in Younger Drivers · 2006 · Pollatsek, Alexander et al. · indexed
  36. Bicycle accidents and drivers' visual search at left and right turns · 1996 · Summala, Heikki et al. · indexed
  37. Visual motion perception predicts driving hazard perception ability · 2012 · Lacherez, Philippe et al. · indexed
  38. A Looming Crisis · 2014 · Liang, Yulan et al. · indexed
  39. Visual Search of Driving Situations: Danger and Experience · 1998 · Chapman, Peter R et al. · indexed
  40. Detection of Road Hazards by Novice Teen and Experienced Adult Drivers · 2008 · Lee, Suzanne E. et al. · indexed
  41. Driving Hazard Perception Components: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. · 2023 · Habibzadeh, Yasaman et al. · archived
  42. Failures of Visual Awareness: Inattentional Blindness and Attentional Blink · 2011 · Beanland, Vanessa et al. · indexed
  43. Tracking Driver Eye Movements at Permissive Left-Turns · 2005 · Knodler, Michael A et al. · indexed
  44. Ocular Movement during Curbside Turns at Intersections · 2003 · Kitajima, Muneo et al. · indexed
  45. Eye Movements and Road Hazard Detection: Effects of Blur and Distractors · 2016 · Lee, Samantha Sze‐Yee et al. · indexed
  46. Visual Strategies of the Racing Driver · 2025 · Lappi, Otto et al. · indexed
  47. Eye Glance Behavior during Lane Changes and Straight-Ahead Driving · 2005 · Olsen, Erik C. B. et al. · indexed
  48. Gaze-eccentricity effects on road position and steering. · 2002 · Readinger, Wilson O. et al. · indexed
  49. Driver body information analysis for distraction state detection · 2015 · Sato, Kazuhito et al. · indexed
  50. Hemianopic field loss and change blindness in simulated driving · 2021 · Swan, Garrett et al. · indexed
  51. Age, skill, and hazard perception in driving · 2010 · Borowsky, Avinoam et al. · indexed
  52. Gaze Patterns in Pedestrian Interaction with Vehicles · 2019 · Dey, Debargha et al. · indexed
  53. GENDER DIFFERENCES IN DRIVERS' GAZE BEHAVIOR WHILE DRIVING THROUGH CROSSWALKS · 2026 · Hristov, Borislav et al. · indexed
  54. Driving Hazard Perception Tests: A Systematic Review. · 2023 · Omran, Yasaman Habibzadeh et al. · archived
  55. Drivers’ perception of vulnerable road users: A hazard perception approach · 2012 · Borowsky, Avinoam et al. · indexed
  56. Did You See That? A Study of Change Blindness · 2003 · Smyser, Tara et al. · indexed
  57. Inattentional blindness in medicine · 2024 · Hults, Connor M. et al. · indexed
  58. Inattentional Blindness During Driving in Younger and Older Adults · 2019 · Saryazdi, Raheleh et al. · indexed
  59. In-Vehicle Glance Duration · 2007 · Horrey, William J. et al. · indexed
  60. Prioritizing improvements to truck driver vision. · 2006 · Reed, Matthew P. et al. · archived
  61. Hazard Perception in Driving · 2016 · Horswill, Mark S. · indexed
  62. A visual comparison of gaze behavior from pedestrians and cyclists · 2018 · Trefzger, Mathias et al. · indexed
  63. Age Effects on Inattentional Blindness: Implications for Driving · 2016 · Stothart, Cary et al. · archived
  64. Understanding Novice Drivers' Hazard Perception Skills · 2011 · Chen, Na et al. · indexed
  65. Robust inattentional blindness · 2005 · Rensink, R. A. · indexed
  66. Who's in the Back Seat? A Study of Driver Inattention · 2006 · Arndt, Steven R. et al. · indexed
  67. Critical older driver errors in a national sample of serious U.S. crashes · 2015 · Cicchino, Jessica B. et al. · indexed
  68. Task-dependent gaze priorities in driving · 2011 · Sullivan, B. et al. · indexed
  69. Perceptual Load Induces Inattentional Blindness in Drivers · 2016 · Murphy, Gillian et al. · indexed
  70. Inattentional Blindness · 2003 · Mack, Arien · indexed
  71. Influence of Road Geometry on Driver’s Gaze Behavior on Motorways · 2019 · Hristov, Borislav · indexed
  72. What attracts attention during police pursuit driving? · 2005 · Crundall, David et al. · indexed
  73. Do Expert Gaze Patterns Causally Improve Lap Times in Circuit Driving? · 2026 · Yasuda, Hiroshi et al. · indexed
  74. Look right! The influence of bicycle crossing design on drivers’ approaching behavior · 2023 · Berghoefer, Frauke Luise et al. · indexed
  75. Modeling gaze priorities in driving · 2010 · Sullivan, B. et al. · indexed
  76. Attentional capture and inattentional blindness · 2000 · Simons, Daniel J. · indexed
  77. At the cross-roads: An on-road examination of driving errors at intersections · 2013 · Young, Kristie L. et al. · indexed
  78. Inattentional blindness for a gun during a simulated police vehicle stop · 2017 · Simons, Daniel J. et al. · indexed
  79. DRIVER INATTENTION · 2004 · Richard, TAY et al. · indexed
  80. Under High Perceptual Load, Observers Look but Do Not See · 2017 · Greene, Ciara M. et al. · indexed
  81. Simple gaze-contingent cues guide eye movements in a realistic driving simulator · 2013 · Pomarjanschi, Laura et al. · indexed
  82. Direct gaze captures visuospatial attention · 2005 · Senju, Atsushi et al. · indexed
  83. The role of gaze and road edge information during high-speed locomotion. · 2012 · Kountouriotis, Georgios K. et al. · indexed
  84. Lane change behavior with a side blind zone alert system · 2008 · Kiefer, Raymond J. et al. · indexed
  85. Basic Characteristics of Inattentional Blindness · 2025 · Rensink, Ronald A. · indexed
  86. Subspace eyetracking for driver warning · 2004 · De la Torre, F. et al. · indexed
  87. Ich sehe was, was du nicht siehst · 2017 · Kreitz, Carina · indexed
  88. Evaluating the Effect of Google Glass on Driver Distraction · 2018 · Fisher, Donald L. et al. · archived
  89. Beyond the tangent point: Gaze targets in naturalistic driving · 2013 · Lappi, Otto et al. · indexed
  90. Driver Gaze Region Estimation without Use of Eye Movement · 2016 · Fridman, Lex et al. · indexed
  91. Driver Gaze Behavior in Critical Cornering · 2006 · Nozaki, Hiromichi · indexed
  92. The visual control of bicycle steering: The effects of speed and path width · 2013 · Vansteenkiste, Pieter et al. · indexed
  93. How Blind is Inattentional Blindness in Mixed Hybrid search? · 2023 · Mitra, Ava et al. · indexed
  94. Improved Perception of Motorcycles by Simulator-Based Driving Education · 2022 · Eichberger, Arno et al. · indexed
  95. Using Eye Movements to Study and Improve Driving Safety · 2023 · Pollatsek, Alexander et al. · indexed
  96. Adolescence, Attention Allocation, and Driving Safety · 2014 · Romer, Daniel et al. · indexed
  97. Driver's distraction detection based on gaze estimation · 2016 · Maralappanavar, Shweta et al. · indexed
  98. Study on Hazard Perception of Malaysian Drivers · 2014 · Syed Shazali, Syed Tarmizi et al. · indexed
  99. Improved perception-reaction time information for intersection sight distance · 2002 · Hostetter, Robert S. et al. · archived
  100. Ascertainment of On-Road Safety Errors Based on Video Review · 2009 · Dawson, Jeffrey D et al. · archived
  101. Gorillas in Our Midst: Sustained Inattentional Blindness for Dynamic Events · 1999 · Simons, Daniel J et al. · indexed
  102. Exploring Bicyclists’ Visual Attention during Conflicts with Truck Traffic · 2022 · Abadi, Masoud Ghodrat et al. · indexed
  103. What’s “inattentional” about inattentional blindness? · 2010 · Most, Steven B. · indexed
  104. Malfunction of a Traffic Light Assistant Application on a Smartphone · 2015 · Krause, Michael et al. · indexed
  105. Repeated Induction of Inattentional Blindness in a Simulated Aviation Environment · 2017 · Kennedy, Kellie D. et al. · indexed
  106. Curvilinear Approach to an Intersection and Visual Detection of a Collision · 1993 · Berthelon, Catherine et al. · indexed
  107. Eye-head coordination during driving · 2002 · Land, M.F. · indexed
  108. Change blindness and inattentional blindness · 2011 · Jensen, Melinda S. et al. · indexed
  109. Gaze and Eye Tracking: Techniques and Applications in ADAS · 2019 · Khan, Muhammad Qasim et al. · indexed
  110. Pre-trial Gaze Stability Predicts Momentary Slips of Attention · 2021 · Zhang, Han et al. · indexed
  111. The Detection of Gaze Direction: A Stare-In-The-Crowd Effect · 1995 · von Grünau, Michael et al. · indexed
  112. DGAZE: Driver Gaze Mapping on Road · 2020 · Dua, Isha et al. · indexed
  113. Interaction between car drivers and vulnerable road users at roundabouts · 2016 · Vignali, Valeria et al. · archived
  114. Young Driver Gaze (YDGaze): Dataset for driver gaze analysis · 2022 · Çeven, Süleyman et al. · indexed
  115. A Sign Reading Driver Assistance System Using Eye Gaze · 2006 · Fletcher, L. et al. · indexed
  116. Large reductions are possible in older driver crashes at intersections · 2016 · Samuel, Siby et al. · indexed
  117. Driver Gaze Tracking and Eyes Off the Road Detection System · 2015 · Vicente, Francisco et al. · indexed
  118. Gaze Supervision for Mitigating Causal Confusion in Driving Agents · 2024 · Biswas, Abhijat et al. · archived
  119. Traffic Dynamics at Intersections Subject to Random Misperception · 2022 · Berkhahn, Volker et al. · indexed
  120. Eye Contact between Pedestrians and Drivers · 2019 · AlAdawy, Dina et al. · indexed
  121. A study of precrash factors involved in traffic accidents · 1980 · Treat, J R · indexed
  122. Pedestrian Interaction with Vehicles · 2017 · Dey, Debargha et al. · indexed
  123. Transient Signals and Inattentional Blindness in a Multi-object Tracking Task · 2018 · Palmer, Dakota B. et al. · indexed
  124. Driver gaze tracker using deformable template matching · 2011 · Wang, Wei et al. · indexed
  125. Automation and Inattentional Blindness in a Simulated Flight Task · 2014 · Kennedy, Kellie D. et al. · indexed
  126. Animacy, perceptual load, and inattentional blindness · 2013 · Calvillo, Dustin P. et al. · indexed
  127. Motorcycling experience and hazard perception · 2013 · Crundall, David et al. · indexed
  128. DashGaze: Driver Gaze Through Dashcam · 2025 · John, Thrupthi Ann et al. · indexed
  129. 55 Rides: attention annotated head and gaze data during naturalistic driving · 2021 · Kübler, Thomas C et al. · indexed
  130. Predictable eye-head coordination during driving · 1992 · Land, Michael F. · indexed
  131. Visual/cognitive correlates of vehicle accidents in older drivers. · 1991 · Owsley, Cynthia et al. · indexed
  132. The Invisible Gorilla Strikes Again · 2013 · Drew, Trafton et al. · indexed
  133. Head pose-free eye gaze prediction for driver attention study · 2017 · Yafei Wang et al. · indexed
  134. Cognitive load affects gaze dynamics during real-world tasks · 2025 · Martinez-Cedillo, Astrid Priscilla et al. · archived
  135. Visual field defects, eye-movements and driving · 2013 · Mole, C. et al. · indexed
  136. Eye Movements While Driving Cars around Curves · 1977 · Cohen, Amos S. et al. · indexed
  137. Inattentional blindness in psychotherapy · 2006 · Varvogli, Liza · archived
  138. Inattentional blindness in psychotherapy · 2006 · Liza, Varvogli · archived
  139. Driving Hazard Detection with a Bioptic Telescope · 2013 · Doherty, Amy et al. · indexed
  140. I Thought I Saw “Zorro”: An Inattentional Blindness Study · 2017 · Oktay, Bahadir et al. · indexed
  141. Auditory Attention Causes Visual Inattentional Blindness · 2008 · Pizzighello, Silvia et al. · indexed
  142. In Manually-Assisted Search, Perception Supervises Rather Than Directs Action · 2013 · Solman, Grayden J. F. et al. · indexed
  143. Probabilistic Risk Metrics for Navigating Occluded Intersections · 2019 · McGill, Stephen G. et al. · indexed
  144. The use of eye-tracking in maritime simulator-based training · 2025 · Bouyssou Chen, Anne et al. · indexed
  145. Bioptic Telescopic Spectacles and Driving Performance: A Study in Texas · 1988 · Lippmann, O. et al. · indexed
  146. Shifting Visual Attention to Reduce Bias in Legal DecisionMaking · 2021 · Balcetis, Emily · indexed
  147. Steering-wheel ocular injuries · 1988 · Traboulsi, Elias I. et al. · indexed
  148. Effect of Skill Level on Allocation of Visual Attention in Volleyball Blocking · 2019 · Laffer, Jason C. et al. · indexed
  149. Unwanted reflex-like saccades in visual extinction patients · 1999 · Fanini, Alessandra et al. · indexed
  150. Blind Spot Detection System for Phinisi Ship Navigation Safety · 2026 · Burhanuddin, Hanifah et al. · indexed
  151. Azygos lobe mimicking pneumothorax in trauma: a case report · 2025 · Alruways, Abdullah et al. · indexed
  152. GEORGES BATAILLE: O PRAZER DO PEDAÇO E DA DISSOLUÇÃO · 2019 · Andrade, Fabio Cavalcante · indexed
  153. Is cellular fusion a driver mechanism in the oncogenesis of leiomyosarcomas? · 2026 · Brito Accurso, Ariadna · indexed