temporal

Timing of distraction engagement: when and how long drivers time-share with secondary tasks — individual glance durations, off-road glance frequency, and self-paced timing of device interaction relative to driving demand. The temporal pattern of secondary-task engagement.

536 paper(s) · ranked by relevance to this topic

1. Reading Text While Driving ↗ · 2014 · Liang, Yulan et al. · indexed
2. Event Detection: The Second Dimension of Driver Performance for Visual-Manual Tasks ↗ · 2012 · Young, Richard A. · indexed
3. Individual Differences in Glance Patterns under Distraction in Level 2 Automated Driving ↗ · 2020 · Yang, Shiyan et al. · indexed
4. Evaluating the Effects of Secondary Tasks on Driver Gaze Duration: A Duration Modeling Approach ↗ · 2025 · Ali, Yasir et al. · indexed
5. On the Forces of Driver Distraction: Explainable Predictions for the Visual Demand of In-Vehicle Touchscreen Interactions · 2023 · Ebel, Patrick et al. · archived
6. Eye Glance Analysis of the Surrogate Tests for Driver Distraction · 2015 · Hsieh, Li et al. · archived
7. Time-Sharing of a Visual In-Vehicle Task while Driving: Findings from the Task Occlusion Method ↗ · 2003 · Tsimhoni, Omer · indexed
8. Effects of Distraction in On-Road Level 2 Automated Driving: Impacts on Glance Behavior and Takeover Performance ↗ · 2021 · Yang, Shiyan et al. · indexed
9. Glances That Matter: Applying Quantile Regression to Assess Driver Distraction from Off-Road Glances ↗ · 2018 · Liu, Shu-Yuan et al. · indexed
10. Driver Distraction: Eye Glance Analysis and Conversation Workload · 2015 · Hickman, Jeffrey S. et al. · archived
11. An Empirically Based Suggestion for Reformulating the Glance Duration Criteria in NHTSA's Visual-Manual Interaction Guidelines ↗ · 2013 · Ljung Aust, Mikael et al. · indexed
12. Reading While Driving: A Study on Drivers’ Strategies of In-Vehicle Task Initiation ↗ · 2012 · Liang, Yulan et al. · indexed
13. AN ALTERNATE METHOD TO EVALUATE DRIVER DISTRACTION ↗ · 2002 · Curry, Reates et al. · indexed
14. Predicting driver distraction using computed occlusion task times : estimation of task element times and distributions. · 2015 · Elwart, Tessa et al. · archived
15. Distracted when Using Driving Automation: A Quantile Regression Analysis of Driver Glances Considering Task Type · 2022 · He, Dengbo et al. · archived
16. Effects of Visual Demand and In-Vehicle Task Complexity on Driving and Task Performance as Assessed by Visual Occlusion ↗ · 1999 · Tsimhoni, Omer et al. · indexed
17. Frequency of distracting tasks people do while driving : an analysis of the ACAS FOT data. · 2007 · Oberholtzer, Jessica et al. · archived
18. Keep Your Eyes on the Road: Young Driver Crash Risk Increases According to Duration of Distraction ↗ · 2014 · Simons-Morton, Bruce G. et al. · indexed
19. Naturalistic Driving Performance During Secondary Tasks · 2007 · Sayer, James et al. · archived
20. Visual Demand of Driving and the Execution of Display-Intensive in-Vehicle Tasks ↗ · 2001 · Tsimhoni, Omer et al. · indexed
21. Driving context influences drivers' decision to engage in visual–manual · 2015 · Tivesten, Emma et al. · archived
22. A Looming Crisis ↗ · 2014 · Liang, Yulan et al. · indexed
23. Secondary Behavior of Drivers on Cell Phones ↗ · 2015 · Farmer, Charles M. et al. · indexed
24. Driver Distraction: Eye Glance Analysis and Conversation Workload [Research Brief] · 2015 · NHTSA · archived
25. Evaluating driver eye glance behavior and secondary task engagement while using driving automation systems ↗ · 2020 · Noble, Alexandria M. et al. · indexed
26. Sequential In-Vehicle Glance Distributions ↗ · 2014 · Yamani, Yusuke et al. · indexed
27. Glance strategies for using an in-vehicle touch-screen monitor. · 2009 · Fuller, Helen et al. · archived
28. Detecting driver distraction · 2018 · Liang, Yulan · archived
29. The impact of road traffic context on secondary task engagement while driving · 2023 · Cuentas-Hernandez, Sandra et al. · archived
30. On the Difference Between Necessary and Unnecessary Glances Away From the Forward Roadway: An Occlusion Study on the Motorway · 2019 · Kircher, Katja et al. · archived
31. SPIDER 2.0: Driver Distraction and Visual Attention · 2025 · Strayer, David L. · archived
32. The Influence of Visual-Manual Distractions on Anticipatory Driving · 2022 · He, Dengbo et al. · archived
33. Driver Distraction Analysis on Naturalistic Heavy Vehicle Data: Task 2: Analysis of Sleeper Berth Data for Distraction Events – Draft Final Report · 2001 · Hanowski, Richard J. et al. · archived
34. Driver Workload Metrics Project: Task 2 Final Report ↗ · 2006 · U.S. Department of Transportation · indexed
35. Driver Distraction in Commercial Vehicle Operations · 2009 · Olson, R.L. et al. · archived
36. Off-Road Glance Behavior, Response Time to a Forward Collision Hazard, and Engagement Strategy Effects in Automated Driving ↗ · 2017 · Blommer, Mike et al. · indexed
37. Cognitive distraction impairs drivers' anticipatory glances: An on-road study · 2015 · Biondi, F et al. · archived
38. Glass half-full: On-road glance metrics differentiate crashes from near-crashes in the 100-car data ↗ · 2017 · Seppelt, Bobbie et al. · indexed
39. Determining Fixed Glance Duration for Visual Occlusion Research ↗ · 2011 · Chen, Huei-Yen Winnie et al. · indexed
40. Multi-Modal Vehicle Display Design and Analysis [Driving with Distractions] · 2004 · Cohen, J. et al. · archived
41. The Effect of Driving Automation on Drivers' Anticipatory Glances · 2021 · He, Dengbo et al. · archived
42. How Long <i>Can</i> a Driver (Safely) Glance at an Augmented-Reality Head-Up Display? · 2020 · Faria, Nayara de Oliveira et al. · archived
43. Driver strategies for engaging in distracting tasks using in-vehicle technologies · 2008 · Lerner, Neil et al. · archived
44. Detection Response Task Evaluation for Driver Distraction Measurement for Auditory-Vocal Tasks: Experiment 2 · 2019 · Ranney, Thomas A. et al. · archived
45. The role of self-regulation in the context of driver distraction: A simulator study ↗ · 2016 · Wandtner, Bernhard et al. · indexed
46. The multitasking motorist and the attention economy · 2021 · Strayer, DL et al. · archived
47. Measuring Inhibitory Control in Driver Distraction ↗ · 2014 · Hoekstra-Atwood, Liberty et al. · indexed
48. Training Novice Drivers to Shorten Distraction Time [Traffic Tech] · 2010 · NHTSA · archived
49. Older driver distraction: A naturalistic study of behaviour at intersections ↗ · 2013 · Charlton, Judith L. et al. · indexed
50. The Effects of a Scheduled Driver Engagement Strategy in Automated Driving ↗ · 2015 · Blommer, Mike et al. · indexed
51. The Relative Risks of Secondary Task Induced Driver Distraction ↗ · 2008 · Dingus, Thomas A. et al. · indexed
52. Modeling Effects of Forward Glance Durations on Latent Hazard Detection ↗ · 2017 · Park, Hyoshin et al. · indexed
53. Measuring Distraction: Task Duration and the Lane-Change Test (LCT) ↗ · 2005 · Burns, Peter C. et al. · indexed
54. Changes in glance and hands-on-wheel behaviors when engaging with non-driving-related tasks while using Tesla Autopilot ↗ · 2025 · Pipkorn, Linda et al. · indexed
55. Driver distraction : a review of the literature ↗ · 2007 · Kircher, Katja · indexed
56. Distraction and Drowsiness in Motorcoach Drivers · 2016 · Hammond, Rebecca, L. et al. · archived
57. The Effect of External Distractions on Novice and Experienced Drivers' Anticipation of Hazards and Vehicle Control · 2023 · Divekar, Gautam · archived
58. Distractive Tasks and the Influence of Driver Attributes ↗ · 2021 · Soares, Sónia et al. · indexed
59. Influence of Driving Experience on Distraction Engagement in Automated Vehicles · 2019 · He, Dengbo et al. · archived
60. Assessment of Secondary Tasks Based on Drivers’ Eye-Movement Features · 2020 · Yao, Ying et al. · archived
61. The Impact of Driver Inattention on Near-Crash/Crash Risk: An Analysis Using the 100-Car Naturalistic Driving Study Data · 2006 · Klauer, Sheila G. et al. · archived
62. Focal and Ambient Visual Contributions and Driver Visual Scanning in Lane Keeping and Hazard Detection ↗ · 2004 · Horrey, William J. et al. · indexed
63. Analysis of Naturalistic Driving Data to Assess Distraction and Drowsiness in Drivers of Commercial Motor Vehicles · 2021 · Hammond, Rebecca L. et al. · archived
64. Effects of Quantity and Size of Buttons of In-Vehicle Touch Screen on Drivers’ Eye Glance Behavior ↗ · 2017 · Feng, Fred et al. · indexed
65. Driver Distraction: A Naturalistic Observation of Secondary Behaviors With the Use of Driver Assistance Systems · 2005 · Sayer, James R et al. · archived
66. Defining Driver Distraction · 2008 · Lee, John et al. · archived
67. How Dangerous Is Looking Away From the Road? Algorithms Predict Crash Risk From Glance Patterns in Naturalistic Driving ↗ · 2012 · Liang, Yulan et al. · indexed
68. Towards a Context-Dependent Multi-Buffer Driver Distraction Detection Algorithm · 2022 · Ahlstrom, Christer et al. · archived
69. Impact of information bandwidth of in-vehicle technologies on drivers' attention maintenance performance: A driving simulator study ↗ · 2018 · Yamani, Yusuke et al. · indexed
70. In-Vehicle Voice Control Interface Evaluation: Preliminary Driver Workload and Risk Analysis · 2020 · Jenness, James et al. · archived
71. Driver Distraction with Wireless Telecommunications and Route Guidance Systems · 2000 · Tijerina, L. et al. · archived
72. Visual-Manual Driver Distraction Guidelines Test Procedures – Task Acceptance Testing Occlusion and Eye Glance Measurement Using Driving Simulator Testing · 2019 · NHTSA · archived
73. Field and Simulator Evaluations of a PC-Based Attention Maintenance Training Program · 2011 · Thomas, F. Dennis et al. · archived
74. Multitasking additional-to-driving: Prevalence, structure, and associated risk in SHRP2 naturalistic driving data · 2020 · Bálint, András et al. · archived
75. A Link Between Trust in Technology and Glance Allocation in On-Road Driving · 2017 · Geitner, Claudia et al. · archived
76. The power and sensitivity of four core driver workload measures for benchmarking the distraction potential of new driver vehicle interfaces · 2021 · McDonnell, AS et al. · archived
77. Assessing the visual and cognitive demands of in-vehicle information systems · 2019 · Strayer, DL et al. · archived
78. Evaluation of Eyes Off Road During L2 Activation on Uncontrolled Access Roadways · 2024 · Anderson, Gabrial T et al. · archived
79. Exploring Naturalistic Driving Data for Distracted Driving Measures · 2017 · Ishak, Sherif S. et al. · archived
80. Assessing Text Reading and Text Entry while Driving Using the Visual Occlusion Technique · 2013 · Ghazizadeh, Mahtab et al. · archived
81. Drivers Glance Like Lizards during Cell Phone Distraction in Assisted Driving ↗ · 2021 · Yang, Shiyan et al. · indexed
82. Secondary Task Engagement During Automated Drives: Friend and Foe? ↗ · 2020 · Shupsky, Taylor et al. · indexed
83. The Effect of Partial Automation on Driver Attention: A Naturalistic Driving Study ↗ · 2019 · Gaspar, John et al. · indexed
84. Driver Engagement in Notifications ↗ · 2014 · Giang, Wayne C.W. et al. · indexed
85. Investigating the Impact of Distracted Driving among Different Socio-Demographic Groups · 2019 · Jeihani, Mansoureh et al. · archived
86. A Gaze-Based Driver Distraction Warning System and Its Effect on Visual Behavior ↗ · 2013 · Ahlstrom, Christer et al. · indexed
87. Minimum Time to Situational Awareness During Transfer of Control Under Varying Levels of Task Load · 2020 · Knodler, Michael A. et al. · archived
88. The Impact of Driver Inattention on Near-Crash/Crash Risk: An Analysis Using the 100-Car Naturalistic Driving Study Data · 2006 · Klauer, S. G. et al. · archived
89. Impact of duration of monitoring before takeover request on takeover time with insights into eye tracking data ↗ · 2023 · Huang, Chao et al. · indexed
90. Radio tuning effects on visual and driving performance measures : simulator and test track studies. · 2013 · Perez, Miguel et al. · archived
91. Description of the Integrated Driver Model · 1995 · Levinson, William H. et al. · archived
92. Visual and Cognitive Demands of a Large Language Model-Powered In-vehicle Conversational Agent · 2026 · Monk, Chris et al. · archived
93. Visual gaze and engagement with non-driving related tasks: a driving simulator study with automated vehicles ↗ · 2025 · Pradhan, Anuj K. · indexed
94. Crash risk associated with eyes-off-road duration by road control type and intersection type · 2025 · Han, Shu et al. · archived
95. State-of-Knowledge on Distracted Driving Due to Portable Electronic Device Use: 2008 – 2022 Update · 2024 · Wright, Timothy J. et al. · archived
96. The Effects of Distraction on Anticipatory Driving · 2018 · He, Dengbo et al. · archived
97. Age-related differences in the cognitive, visual, and temporal demands of in-vehicle information systems · 2020 · Cooper, JM et al. · archived
98. Your Interface, Your Control: Adapting Takeover Requests for Seamless Handover in Semi-Autonomous Vehicles · 2025 · Gomaa, Amr et al. · archived
99. Some On-Road Glances are More Equal Than Others: Measuring Engagement in the Driving Task ↗ · 2019 · Hoekstra-Atwood, Liberty et al. · indexed
100. THE IMPACT OF COGNITIVE DISTRACTION ON DRIVER VISUAL BEHAVIOUR AND VEHICLE CONTROL ↗ · 2002 · Harbluk, Joanne L. et al. · indexed
101. Distracted Driving Among Newly Licensed Teen Drivers · 2012 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
102. Inferring Hidden Attentional States in Driving: A Bayesian Approach to Modeling Distraction and Secondary Task Engagement. ↗ · 2026 · Dheeraj Kashyap L et al. · indexed
103. Driving Performance while Engaged in MP-3 Player Interaction: Effects of Practice and Task Difficulty on PRT and Eye Movements · 2007 · Chisholm, Susan et al. · archived
104. Looking at the Road When Driving Around Bends: Influence of Vehicle Automation and Speed · 2019 · Schnebelen, Damien et al. · archived
105. The residual costs of multitasking: Causing trouble down the road ↗ · 2016 · Turrill, J et al. · indexed
106. Impact of Smart Phones’ Interaction Modality on Driving Performance for Conventional and Autonomous Vehicles · 2020 · Favaro, Francesca M · archived
107. Capturing Voluntary, Involuntary, and Habitual Components of Driver Distraction in a Self-Reported Questionnaire · 2015 · Marulanda, Susana et al. · archived
108. Measures and Methods Used to Assess the Safety and Usability of Driver Information Systems · 1995 · Green, Paul · archived
109. Effects of a PC-Based Attention Maintenance Training Program on Driver Behavior Can Last Up to Four Months: Simulator Study ↗ · 2016 · Divekar, Gautam et al. · indexed
110. A Surrogate Test for Cognitive Demand: Tactile Detection Response Task (TDRT) ↗ · 2015 · Hsieh, Li et al. · indexed
111. It's All in the Timing: Using the Attend Algorithm to Assess Texting in the Naturalistic Driving Study · 2017 · Seaman, Sean et al. · archived
112. What Can Be Predicted from Six Seconds of Driver Glances? · 2017 · Fridman, Lex et al. · archived
113. Takeover Time in Highly Automated Vehicles: Noncritical Transitions to and From Manual Control ↗ · 2017 · Eriksson, Alexander et al. · indexed
114. Impact of Temporary Browsing Restrictions on Drivers’ Situation Awareness When Interacting with In-Vehicle Infotainment Systems · 2022 · Meyer, Jason et al. · archived
115. Secondary Tasks and Autonomous Vehicles ↗ · 2019 · Jones, Vanessa et al. · indexed
116. Sensor-based assessment of the in-situ quality of human computer interaction in the cars : final research report. · 2016 · Kim, SeungJun et al. · archived
117. Field Measurement of Naturalistic Backing Behavior · 1997 · Huey, R. et al. · archived
118. Heavy vehicle driver workload assessment. Task 4, review of workload and related research · 1996 · Wierwille, W. et al. · archived
119. Surrogate Measures of Visual Demand while Driving ↗ · 2000 · Farber, Eugene et al. · indexed
120. Prevalence and distribution of young driver distraction errors in naturalistic driving · 2014 · Carney, Cher et al. · archived
121. Visual and cognitive demands of using in-vehicle infotainment systems · 2017 · Strayer, DL et al. · archived
122. Comparison of Two Eye-Gaze Based Real-Time Driver Distraction Detection Algorithms in a Small-Scale Field Operational Test · 2009 · Kircher, Katja et al. · archived
123. Memory for a Hazard is Interrupted by Performance of a Secondary In-Vehicle Task ↗ · 2014 · Borowsky, Avinoam et al. · indexed
124. The prevalence of and crash risk associated with primarily cognitive secondary tasks ↗ · 2019 · Dingus, Thomas A. et al. · indexed
125. The distraction potential of driving a partially automated vehicle through a construction zone · 2025 · Biondi, F et al. · archived
126. Examining Distracted Drivers&#039; Underestimation of Time and Overestimation of Speed · 2017 · Knodler, Michael A. et al. · archived
127. How Do Automation Modes Influence the Frequency of Advanced Driver Distraction Warnings? A Simulator Study ↗ · 2023 · Koniakowsky, Ina Marie et al. · indexed
128. Visual and cognitive demands of using in-vehicle infotainment systems · 2017 · Cooper, JM et al. · archived
129. Theoretical Review of the Secondary Task Methodology for Evaluating Intelligent Automobile Displays ↗ · 1987 · Noy, Y. Ian · indexed
130. Assessing driver distraction from in-vehicle information system: an on-road study exploring the effects of input modalities and secondary task types · 2024 · Zhong, Qi et al. · archived
131. Prevalence and Distribution of Young Driver Distraction Errors in Naturalistic Driving · 2014 · Carney, Cher et al. · archived
132. Task Interruption and Control Recovery Strategies After Take-Over Requests Emphasize Need for Measures of Situation Awareness ↗ · 2020 · Vogelpohl, Tobias et al. · indexed
133. The Effects of Momentary Visual Disruption on Hazard Anticipation and Awareness in Driving ↗ · 2014 · Borowsky, Avinoam et al. · indexed
134. Occlusion Paradigm as a Tool to Assess Visual Distraction from In-Vehicle Telematics ↗ · 2002 · Frank, Tracy L. et al. · indexed
135. A Simulation Approach for Evaluating the Relative Safety Impact of Driver Distraction during Secondary Tasks ↗ · 2005 · Smith, David L. et al. · indexed
136. Effects of Varying Text Message Length and Driving Speed on the Disruptive Effects of Texting on Driving Simulator Performance: Differential Effects on Eye Glance Measures ↗ · 2024 · Taneja, Rimzim et al. · indexed
137. Driver Distraction in Commercial Vehicle Operations (TechBrief) · 2009 · NHTSA · archived
138. Driver Distractions In Commercial Vehicle Operations · 2009 · Olson, Rebecca L. et al. · archived
139. Driver behavior while using Level 2 vehicle automation: A hybrid naturalistic study · 2023 · Cooper, JM et al. · archived
140. Driver Distraction in Commercial Motor Vehicle Operations · 2017 · Hanowski, Richard J. et al. · archived
141. Smartwatches vs. Smartphones · 2017 · Giang, Wayne C.W. et al. · archived
142. Impact of Cognitive Distractions on Drivers’ Hazardous Event Anticipation and Mitigation Behavior in Vehicle–Bicycle Conflict Situations ↗ · 2020 · Ebadi, Yalda et al. · indexed
143. Smartwatches vs. Smartphones · 2019 · Giang, Wayne C.W. et al. · archived
144. Multitasking in the Automobile ↗ · 2006 · Strayer, David L. et al. · indexed
145. The effect of a secondary task on drivers’ gap acceptance and situational awareness at junctions ↗ · 2021 · Robbins, Chloe J. et al. · indexed
146. Mining patterns of near-crash events with and without secondary tasks ↗ · 2021 · Das, Subasish · indexed
147. The effects of focused attention training on the duration of novice drivers' glances inside the vehicle ↗ · 2011 · Pradhan, A.K. et al. · indexed
148. Distraction and Drowsiness in Motorcoach Drivers: Research Brief · 2016 · NHTSA · archived
149. Gaze-Based Indicators of Driver Cognitive Distraction: Effects of Different Traffic Conditions and Adaptive Cruise Control Use · 2025 · Halin, Anaïs et al. · archived
150. Second-generation UMTRI coding scheme for classifying driver tasks in distraction studies and application to the ACAS FOT video clips. · 2006 · Yee, Serge et al. · archived
151. How do distracted and normal driving differ : an analysis of the ACAS naturalistic driving data · 2007 · Green, Paul E. et al. · archived
152. Getting away with texting: Behavioural adaptation of drivers engaging in visual-manual tasks while driving · 2018 · Oviedo-Trespalacios, Óscar · archived
153. Observed Driver Glance Behavior at Roadside Advertising Signs ↗ · 2004 · Beijer, Daan et al. · indexed
154. A Taxonomy of Strategies For Supporting Time-Sharing With Non-Driving Tasks in Automated Driving · 2019 · He, Dengbo et al. · archived
155. Shifting Eyes and Thinking Hard Keep Us in Our Lanes ↗ · 2009 · Cooper, Joel M. et al. · indexed
156. Strategic changes in task performance in simulated car driving as an adaptive response to task demands · 2000 · Cnossen, Fokie et al. · archived
157. Determining Sample Measures of Distracted Driving, Distracted Pedestrian Activities and Impacts of Such Behavior on Traffic Operations at Signalized Intersections · 2022 · Abou-Senna, Hatem et al. · archived
158. Distraction Becomes Engagement in Automated Driving ↗ · 2015 · Miller, David et al. · indexed
159. Spoken Dialog Planning to Reduce User Distraction in Mobile Environments · 2015 · Glass, James et al. · archived
160. What is the difference between perceived and actual risk of distracted driving? A field study on a real highway. · 2020 · Li, Zhen et al. · archived
161. Driver Performance While Texting: Even a Little is Too Much ↗ · 2013 · McKeever, Joshua D. et al. · indexed
162. Heavy vehicle driver workload assessment. Task 3, task analysis data collection · 1996 · Kiger, Steven et al. · archived
163. Examining the Role of Driver Perception in Takeover Time: Application of Task-Capability Interface Theory ↗ · 2024 · Liang, Kexin et al. · indexed
164. Head-Up Displays and Distraction Potential · 2023 · Russell, Sheldon M. et al. · archived
165. Information as a Source of Distraction · 2015 · Inman, Vaughan W. et al. · archived
166. Visual demand of curves and fog-limited sight distance and its relationship to brake response time. · 2006 · Cullinane, Brian et al. · archived
167. Assessing the Ghanaian driver's susceptibility to distraction engagement · 2025 · Sam, Enoch F. · archived
168. Identifying Mind-wandering behind the Wheel · 2009 · He, Jibo et al. · archived
169. Analysis of the distraction impact on driving performance across driving styles: A driving simulator study in various speed conditions · 2025 · Faqani, Mobina et al. · archived
170. Leveraging the Second Strategic Highway Research Program Naturalistic Driving Study: Examining Driver Behavior When Entering Rural High-Speed Intersections · 2017 · Jackson, Steven · archived
171. Role of Habits in Cell Phone-Related Driver Distractions · 2020 · Hansma, Braden Joseph et al. · archived
172. Understanding the Impact of Technology: Do Advanced Driver Assistance and Semi-Automated Vehicle Systems Lead to Improper Driving Behavior? · 2019 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
173. Electronic Device Use: A Review of the Literature on Addictive Behaviors · 2023 · Hoekstra-Atwood, Liberty et al. · archived
174. A validation study of a fixed‐based, medium fidelity driving simulator for human–machine interfaces visual distraction testing ↗ · 2023 · Large, David R. et al. · indexed
175. Driver's lane keeping ability with eyes off road: Insights from a naturalistic study ↗ · 2012 · Peng, Yiyun et al. · indexed
176. Effects of Secondary Task Demands on Drivers’ Responses to Events During Driving: Surrogate Methods and Issues · 2007 · Angell, Linda S · archived
177. Model-Based Analysis and Classification of Driver Distraction Under Secondary Tasks ↗ · 2010 · Ersal, Tulga et al. · indexed
178. Development of a Human Performance Simulation Model to Evaluate In-Vehicle Information and Control Systems in Commercial Trucking Operations · 2007 · Griffin, Meredith J. et al. · archived
179. Modeling Drivers’ Takeover Behavior Depending on the Criticality of Driving Situations and the Complexity of Secondary Tasks ↗ · 2019 · Tanshi, Foghor et al. · indexed
180. The Driver Distraction Detection Algorithm AttenD ↗ · 2017 · Kircher, Katja et al. · indexed
181. The influence of attention distraction on the drivers’ behaviour · 2018 · Gąsiorek, Kamila et al. · archived
182. Are child occupants a significant source of driving distraction? ↗ · 2011 · Koppel, Sjaan et al. · indexed
183. Considerations When Calculating Percent Road Centre From Eye Movement Data in Driver Distraction Monitoring · 2009 · Ahlstrom, Christer et al. · archived
184. The Impact of Hand-Held and Hands-Free Cell Phone Use on Driving Performance and Safety-Critical Event Risk · 2013 · Fitch, Gregory M. et al. · archived
185. A quantitative model of takeover request time budget for conditionally automated driving · 2024 · Tanshi, Foghor et al. · archived
186. Using Naturalistic Driving Performance Data to Develop an Empirically Defined Model of Distracted Driving · 2016 · Bingham, C. Raymond et al. · archived
187. Age-Related Differences in the Cognitive, Visual and Temporal Demands of In-Vehicle Information Systems · 2019 · Cooper, Joel M. et al. · archived
188. Driver Visual Behavior in the Presence of Commercial Electronic Variable Message Signs (CEVMS) · 2011 · Perez, William A. et al. · archived
189. Analysis of Naturalistic Driving Data to Assess Distraction and Drowsiness in Drivers of Commercial Motor Vehicles [Research Brief] · 2021 · NHTSA · archived
190. Impact of non-driving related tasks while operating automated driving systems (ADS): A systematic review ↗ · 2023 · Pradhan, Anuj K. · indexed
191. Adaptations of drivers’ gaze behaviour during car-following as a function of vehicle automation, duration of use and prior driving experience · 2026 · Schnebelen, Damien et al. · archived
192. Age-Related Differences in Vehicle Control and Eye Movement Patterns at Intersections: Older and Middle-Aged Drivers · 2016 · Yamani, Yusuke et al. · archived
193. Signal-Adaptive and Uninhibited Driver Distraction During Crosswalk Approach: Evidence from the SHRP2 Naturalistic Driving Study ↗ · 2026 · Douglas, Grace et al. · indexed
194. Low-distraction Interaction · 2019 · Lane, Ian et al. · archived
195. An Observational Evaluation of Safety and Operations Resulting From Driver Distraction · 2015 · Romoser, Matthew R. E. et al. · archived
196. Impact of Cognitive Distractions on Drivers’ Hazard Anticipation Behavior in Complex Scenarios ↗ · 2019 · Ebadi, Yalda et al. · indexed
197. Human Factors Issues Associated with Limited Ability Autonomous Driving Systems: Drivers’ Allocation of Visual Attention to the Forward Roadway ↗ · 2013 · Llaneras, Robert E. et al. · indexed
198. Driver Distraction in Commercial Vehicle Operations · 2010 · Olson, Rebecca L. et al. · archived
199. New knowledge and methods for mitigating driver distraction · 2018 · Geitner, Claudia · archived
200. The effects of a mobile telephone task on driver behaviour in a car following situation · 1995 · Alm, Håkan et al. · archived
201. How Do Drivers Interact with In-Vehicle Information Systems in Everyday Driving? Evidence from Large-Scale Naturalistic Data ↗ · 2026 · Hilbert, Jan et al. · indexed
202. Mental workload accumulation effect of mobile phone distraction in L2 autopilot mode · 2022 · Zhao, Hongfei et al. · archived
203. Development of a personal computer-based secondary task procedure as a surrogate for a driving simulator · 2007 · Schrock, Steve (Steven Dale) · archived
204. Measuring Cognitive Distraction in the Automobile III: A Comparison of Ten 2015 In-Vehicle Information Systems · 2015 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
205. Effects of Hybrid Interface on Ecodriving and Driver Distraction ↗ · 2011 · Hallihan, Gregory M. et al. · indexed
206. Driver distraction · 2018 · Neyens, David Michael · archived
207. The Effect of Urgency of Take-Over Requests During Highly Automated Driving Under Distraction Conditions · 2021 · Naujoks, Frederik et al. · archived
208. Age-Related Differences in the Cognitive, Visual and Temporal Demands of In-Vehicle Information Systems · 2019 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
209. Potential Benefits and Costs of Concurrent Task Engagement to Maintain Vigilance · 2011 · Atchley, Paul et al. · archived
210. Assessing Driver Distraction Due to In-Vehicle Video Systems through Field Testing at the Pecos Research and Testing Center · 2007 · Funkhouser, Dillon et al. · archived
211. Surprise Braking Trials, Time-to-Collision Judgments, and “First Look” Maneuvers Under Realistic Rear-End Crash Scenarios · 2005 · Kiefer, R. J. et al. · archived
212. Factors Related to Drivers' Self-Reported Willingness to Engage in Distracting In-Vehicle Activities ↗ · 2008 · Horrey, William J. et al. · indexed
213. Relationship Between Gaze Behavior and Steering Performance for Driver–Automation Shared Control: A Driving Simulator Study ↗ · 2019 · Wang, Zheng et al. · indexed
214. Towards Mitigating Teenagers’ Distracted Driving Behaviors · 2016 · Merrikhpour, Maryam et al. · archived
215. Prediction of take-over time in highly automated driving by two psychometric tests · 2015 · Körber, Moritz et al. · archived
216. Time to Focus on the Road: Adaptive Monitoring Requests Design for Attentional Shift in Conditional Automated Driving ↗ · 2025 · Lim, Yeonsu et al. · indexed
217. Visual and cognitive demands of using Apple's CarPlay, Google's Android Auto and five different OEM infotainment systems · 2018 · Strayer, DL et al. · archived
218. Towards Safe and Comfortable Vehicle Control Transitions: A Systematic Review of Takeover Time, Time Budget, and Takeover Performance · 2025 · Liang, Kexin et al. · archived
219. Visual and cognitive demands of using Apple's CarPlay, Google's Android Auto and five different OEM infotainment systems · 2018 · Cooper, JM et al. · archived
220. Systematic Review of Research on Driver Distraction in the Context of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems ↗ · 2021 · Pradhan, Anuj K. · indexed
221. Investigation of distracted driving activities at highway-rail grade crossings (HRGC). · 2013 · Khattak, Aemal et al. · archived
222. The Effects of Non-Driving-Related Task Engagement on Automated Driving Takeover Performance During the Nighttime ↗ · 2022 · Liang, Nade et al. · indexed
223. Impact of Distracted Driving on Congestion · 2011 · Stavrinos, Despina et al. · archived
224. Look Up! An Eye-Tracking Study on Situation Awareness During Automated Vehicle Takeover ↗ · 2021 · Liang, Nade et al. · indexed
225. Psychophysiological responses to takeover requests in conditionally automated driving · 2020 · Du, Na et al. · archived
226. In-Vehicle Glance Duration ↗ · 2007 · Horrey, William J. et al. · indexed
227. Where drivers are looking at during takeover: Implications for safe takeovers during conditionally automated driving ↗ · 2023 · Huang, Chao et al. · indexed
228. The Effects of Age and Distraction on Reaction Time in a Driving Simulator · 2001 · Owens, Justin M et al. · archived
229. Car Drivers' Pattern of Eye Fixations on the Road and in the Laboratory ↗ · 1981 · Cohen, Amos S. · indexed
230. Determination of Takeover Time Budget Based on Analysis of Driver Behavior · 2022 · Tanshi, Foghor et al. · archived
231. Eyeglance Behavior of Novice Teen and Experienced Adult Drivers ↗ · 2006 · Lee, Suzanne et al. · indexed
232. The effects of age on crash risk associated with driver distraction ↗ · 2016 · Guo, Feng et al. · indexed
233. On the impact of on-road partially-automated driving on drivers’ cognitive workload and attention allocation ↗ · 2024 · Biondi, FN et al. · indexed
234. The influence of alcohol and automation on drivers visual behavior during test track driving · 2023 · Tivesten, Emma · archived
235. Susceptibility to Driver Distraction Questionnaire · 2014 · Feng, Jing et al. · archived
236. Sensitivity of Detection Response Task (DRT) to the Driving Demand and Task Difficulty · 2013 · Bruyas, Marie-Pierre et al. · archived
237. Assessment of Truck Driver Distraction Problem and Research Needs · 2005 · Llaneras, Robert E. et al. · archived
238. Take-Over Performance and Safety Analysis Under Different Scenarios and Secondary Tasks in Conditionally Automated Driving · 2019 · Wu, Chaozhong et al. · archived
239. Effects of Practice on Interference from an Auditory Task While Driving: A Simulation Study · 2004 · Shinar, David et al. · archived
240. Predicting the visual demand of finger-touch pointing tasks in a driving context ↗ · 2015 · Large, David R. et al. · indexed
241. Investigating the roles of touchscreen and physical control interface characteristics on driver distraction and multitasking performance. · 2016 · Ferris, Thomas K. et al. · archived
242. Visual and Cognitive Demands of Using In-Vehicle Information Systems · 2017 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety et al. · archived
243. Coming back into the loop: Drivers’ perceptual-motor performance in critical events after automated driving · 2017 · Louw, Tyron et al. · archived
244. Contextual Analysis of Strategies and Interaction Motivations with Smartphones in Vehicles ↗ · 2016 · Quaresma, Manuela et al. · indexed
245. Smartwatches vs. smartphones ↗ · 2015 · Giang, Wayne C.W. et al. · indexed
246. Drowsiness and distraction while driving: A study based on smartphone app data ↗ · 2020 · Soares, Sónia et al. · indexed
247. Measuring Distraction at the Levels of Tactical and Strategic Control: The Limits of Capacity-Based Measures for Revealing Unsafe Visual Sampling Models · 2011 · Kujala, Tuomo et al. · archived
248. Dynamic workload measurement and modeling: Driving and conversing · 2023 · Castro, SC et al. · archived
249. U33: Impact of Distraction and Health on Commercial Driving Performance Final Report · 2012 · Fine, Philip Russ et al. · archived
250. Analysis of Naturalistic Driving Study Data: Safer Glances, Driver Inattention, and Crash Risk ↗ · 2014 · Victor, Trent et al. · indexed
251. Night Vision - Reduced Driver Distraction, Improved Safety and Satisfaction · 2009 · Fuchs, Klaus et al. · archived
252. Engagement in Non-Driving Related Tasks as a Non-Intrusive Measure for Mode Awareness: A Simulator Study ↗ · 2020 · Forster, Yannick et al. · indexed
253. Mobile Phone Use in a Car-Following Situation: Impact on Time Headway and Effectiveness of Driver’s Rear-End Risk Compensation Behavior via a Driving Simulator Study ↗ · 2020 · Chen, Yunxing et al. · indexed
254. Examining potential confounds in use of the detection response task for in-vehicle system evaluation · 2017 · Goethe, RM et al. · archived
255. Assessment of visual demand of typical data entry tasks in automotive navigation systems for iPhone ↗ · 2012 · Quaresma, Manuela · indexed
256. Dynamic workload fluctuations in driver/non-driver conversational dyads · 2017 · Strayer, DL et al. · archived
257. Caltrans UAS and Driver Safety: Driver Distraction in the Presence of UAS · 2024 · Akhavian, Reza et al. · archived
258. The Risk of a Safety-Critical Event Associated With Mobile Device Use in Specific Driving Contexts ↗ · 2014 · Fitch, Gregory M. et al. · indexed
259. Multitasking induced contextual blindness · 2025 · Cooper, JM et al. · archived
260. Educating Younger Drivers in the Pacific Northwest Regarding the Dangers of Distracted Driving (Phase II) · 2015 · Hurwitz, David et al. · archived
261. Task analysis of intersection driving scenarios : information processing bottlenecks · 2006 · Richard, Christian M. et al. · archived
262. Tunneled In ↗ · 2017 · Mok, Brian et al. · indexed
263. Detection thresholds in car following situations and peripheral vision: implications for positioning of visually demanding in-car displays ↗ · 1999 · Lamble, Dave et al. · indexed
264. Stabilization Time after Mode Switch in Conditionally Automated Driving: Focusing on Drivers Cognitive Load and Visual Attention ↗ · 2025 · Li, Yujin et al. · indexed
265. Mobile Telephone Use and Reaction Time in Drivers With Glaucoma ↗ · 2019 · Ogata, Nara G. et al. · indexed
266. Temporal Analysis of Cognitive Workload During Manual and Partial Driving Automation Based on the Detection Response Task ↗ · 2025 · Mahmoodzadeh, Mobina et al. · indexed
267. Temporal Analysis of Cognitive Workload During Manual and Partial Driving Automation Based on the Detection Response Task ↗ · 2025 · Strayer, David L. · indexed
268. Disruption in the Driver’s Seat: How Technological Advancements are Changing What We Do in the Car and on the Road · 2013 · NHTSA · archived
269. Dual-task Interference in a Simulated Driving Environment: Serial or Parallel Processing? ↗ · 2019 · Abbaszadeh, Mojtaba et al. · indexed
270. Investigation of Time and Speed Perception using a Driving Simulator ↗ · 2018 · Keklikoglou, Andronikos et al. · indexed
271. Behavioral Indicators of Drowsy Driving: Active Search Mirror Checks · 2022 · Meyer, Jason E. et al. · archived
272. Stabilization Time after Mode Switch in Conditionally Automated Driving: Focusing on Drivers’ Cognitive Load and Visual Attention ↗ · 2025 · Li, Yujin et al. · indexed
273. Understanding the Psychological Factors Underlying Smartphone Related Distracted Driving: Exploratory Analysis Using a Nationwide Survey · 2018 · Konduri, Karthik et al. · archived
274. Naturalistic Study of Level 2 Driving Automation Functions · 2018 · Russell, Sheldon M. et al. · archived
275. Analysis of an Incentive-Based Smartphone Application for Young Drivers · 2021 · Henk, Russell H. et al. · archived
276. Characterizing Technology's Influence on Distractive Behavior at Signalized Intersections · 2023 · Boni, Jobaidul Alam et al. · archived
277. Effects of Reading Text While Driving: A Driving Simulator Study · 2020 · Prevedouros, Panos D et al. · archived
278. Autonomous Vehicles that Alert Humans to Take-Over Controls: Modeling with Real-World Data · 2021 · Rangesh, Akshay et al. · archived
279. Effects of In-Vehicle Touchscreen Location on Driver Task Performance, Eye Gaze Behavior, and Workload During Conditionally Automated Driving: Nondriving-Related Task and Take-Over ↗ · 2024 · Ban, Gayoung et al. · indexed
280. Identifying Deviations from Normal Driving Behavior · 2022 · Hananeh Alambeigi, H et al. · archived
281. Factors related to drivers' perception of interference from in-vehicle activities ↗ · 2010 · Horrey, William J. et al. · indexed
282. The impact of secondary in-vehicle display animations and their location on driver attention and glance behavior · 2024 · Befelein, Dennis et al. · archived
283. Educating Teenage Drivers in the Pacific Northwest Regarding the Dangers of Distracted Driving (Phase I) · 2014 · Hurwitz, David S. et al. · archived
284. Evaluating Effects of Cognitive Load, Takeover Request Lead Time, and Traffic Density on Drivers' Takeover Performance in Conditionally Automated Driving ↗ · 2020 · Du, Na et al. · indexed
285. The role of take-over cue informativity in interrupted take-over requests in a semi-automated driving scenario · 2026 · Berger, Alexander et al. · archived
286. Passenger-Driver Distinguishing Test for Pokémon Go · 2017 · Khanade, Kunal et al. · archived
287. Touch-screen task-element times for improving SAE recommended practice J2365 : a first proposal. · 2015 · Green, Paul et al. · archived
288. Determining Sample Measures of Distracted Driving, Distracted Pedestrian Activities and Impacts of Such Behavior on Traffic Operations at Signalized Intersections [Brief] · 2023 · Ballard, Tricia (Labud) et al. · archived
289. Frequency and severity of in-vehicle distractions:A self-report survey ↗ · 2009 · Lansdown, Terry C. · indexed
290. Travtek Evaluation Task C3: Camera Car Study · 1995 · NHTSA · archived
291. The impact of repeated cognitive tasks on driving performance and visual attention ↗ · 2010 · Wang, Ying et al. · indexed
292. The effects of secondary task performance on the temporal and spatial cueing of visual attention · 2010 · Cooper, JM · archived
293. Hazard perception performance and psychological factors of distracted drivers: what are the associations? ↗ · 2024 · Watling, Christopher N. et al. · indexed
294. Relationship of Near-Crash/Crash Risk to Time Spent on a Cell Phone While Driving ↗ · 2015 · Farmer, Charles M. et al. · indexed
295. Shift the gaze ↗ · 2026 · Illgner, Johannes et al. · indexed
296. Passenger and cell phone conversations in simulated driving. ↗ · 2008 · Strayer, David L. et al. · indexed
297. Profiles in driver distraction : effects of cell phone conversations on younger and older drivers · 2004 · Drews, Frank A. et al. · archived
298. Comparison of driver distraction evaluations across two simulator platforms and an instrumented vehicle · 2013 · Chrysler, ST et al. · archived
299. Measuring driver distraction – Evaluation of the box task method as a tool for assessing in-vehicle system demand ↗ · 2020 · Morgenstern, Tina et al. · indexed
300. In-Vehicle Information Systems Behavioral Model and Design Support: Final Report · 2000 · Hankey, J. M. et al. · archived
301. Emergency, Automation Off: Unstructured Transition Timing for Distracted Drivers of Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2015 · Mok, Brian et al. · indexed
302. Comparison of Static and Driving Simulator Venues for the Tactile Detection Response Task · 2013 · Engström, Johan et al. · archived
303. The Effects of Lead Time of Take-Over Request and Nondriving Tasks on Taking-Over Control of Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2018 · Wan, Jingyan et al. · indexed
304. Effects of practice, age, and task demands, on interference from a phone task while driving · 2004 · Shinar, David et al. · archived
305. National Survey on Distracted Driving Attitudes and Behaviors - 2015 · 2018 · Schroeder, Paul et al. · archived
306. Comparison of Visual Sampling Patterns Under Simulated L2 and L0 Systems ↗ · 2018 · Hatfield, Nathan et al. · indexed
307. Decoding Driver Takeover Behaviour in Conditional Automation with Immersive Virtual Reality · 2024 · Ansar, Muhammad Sajjad et al. · archived
308. Display formats and commercial vehicle operator (CVO) workload · 1997 · Carney, Cher et al. · archived
309. Anticipatory Driving in Automated Vehicles: The Effects of Driving Experience and Distraction · 2023 · He, Dengbo et al. · archived
310. Eye Behaviors: How Driving Simulators can Expand their Role in Science and Engineering ↗ · 2011 · Fisher, Donald L. et al. · indexed
311. New Measure of Inattentiveness to Forward Roadway ↗ · 2012 · Pollatsek, Alexander et al. · indexed
312. A Naturalistic Driving Study Across the Lifespan. Final Report · 2014 · Stavrinos, Despina et al. · archived
313. Characterizing Level 2 Automation in a Naturalistic Driving Fleet · 2024 · Perez, Miguel A et al. · archived
314. Determining Key Parameters with Data-Assisted Analysis of Conditionally Automated Driving · 2023 · Gruden, Timotej et al. · archived
315. Effect of Adaptive and Fixed Shared Steering Control on Distracted Driver Behavior · 2021 · Wang, Zheng et al. · archived
316. IAP Project: Driver Behavior and Performance in the Vicinity of Closely Spaced Interchange Ramps on Urban Freeways - Proof of Concept ↗ · 2015 · Strayer, David L. · indexed
317. National Survey on Distracted Driving Attitudes and Behaviors -- 2012 · 2013 · Schroeder, Paul et al. · archived
318. Automotive Collision Avoidance System Field Operational Test · 2005 · Llaneras, Robert E. et al. · archived
319. Exploring Monitoring Systems Data for Driver Distraction and Drowsiness Research ↗ · 2020 · Lobo, António et al. · indexed
320. Behavioral and physiological responses to takeovers in different scenarios during conditionally automated driving ↗ · 2024 · Du, Na et al. · indexed
321. Impact of Video Advertising on Driver Fixation Patterns ↗ · 2004 · Smiley, Alison et al. · indexed
322. Computer Training Program Improves Teen Drivers’ Attention to the Road [Traffic Tech] · 2011 · NHTSA · archived
323. Frequently Used Vehicle Controls While Driving: A Real-World Driving Study Assessing Internal Human–Machine Interface Task Frequencies and Influencing Factors ↗ · 2025 · Harms, Ilse M. et al. · indexed
324. Drivers’ Responses to Lead Vehicles: Thresholds for Triggering an Emergency Response, Age Differences, Crash Risks, and Influence of Secondary Task Engagement ↗ · 2021 · Muttart, Jeffrey et al. · indexed
325. A comprehensive examination of naturalistic lane-changes · 2004 · Lee, Suzanne E. et al. · archived
326. Commercial motor vehicle driving performance: An examination of attentional resources and control using a driving simulator. ↗ · 2017 · McManus, Benjamin et al. · indexed
327. Role of Peripheral Vision in Brake Reaction Time During Safety Critical Events ↗ · 2021 · Sarkar, Abhijit et al. · indexed
328. Studying Person-Specific Pointing and Gaze Behavior for Multimodal Referencing of Outside Objects from a Moving Vehicle · 2020 · Gomaa, Amr et al. · archived
329. Driver workload at higher speeds. · 2010 · Fitzpatrick, Kay et al. · archived
330. Effect of Partially Automated Driving on Mental Workload, Visual Behavior and Engagement in Nondriving-Related Tasks: A Meta-Analysis · 2025 · Vasta, N et al. · archived
331. Behavior change associated with using partial automation among three samples of drivers during a 4-week field trial ↗ · 2025 · Reagan, Ian J. et al. · indexed
332. In-Vehicle Avatars to Elicit Social Response and Change Driving Behaviour ↗ · 2011 · Rakotonirainy, Andry et al. · indexed
333. Blink Rate as a Measure of Driver Workload during Simulated Driving ↗ · 2020 · Yahoodik, Sarah et al. · indexed
334. Using SHRP2-Nds Data to Investigate Freeway Operations, Human Factors, and Safety: Final Report · 2018 · Avelar, Raul Eduardo et al. · archived
335. Transition to manual: Driver behaviour when resuming control from a highly automated vehicle ↗ · 2014 · Merat, Natasha et al. · indexed
336. Disturbance of Information in Superior Parietal Lobe during Dual-task Interference in a Simulated Driving Task ↗ · 2020 · Abbaszadeh, Mojtaba et al. · indexed
337. This is your brain on autopilot 2.0: The influence of practice on driver workload and engagement during on-road, partially automated driving · 2024 · McDonnell, AS et al. · archived
338. The effects of text messaging on young novice driver performance · 2006 · Hosking, S. et al. · archived
339. Adaptive Time Budgets for Safe and Comfortable Vehicle Control Transition in Conditionally Automated Driving · 2025 · Liang, Kexin et al. · archived
340. Effects of non-driving related tasks on mental workload and take-over times during conditional automated driving · 2021 · Müller, Andreas et al. · archived
341. Performance of an Additional Task During Level 2 Automated Driving: An On-Road Study Comparing Drivers With and Without Experience With Partial Automation ↗ · 2018 · Solís-Marcos, Ignacio et al. · indexed
342. Predicting Relative Crash Risk from the Attentional Effects of the Cognitive Demand of Visual-Manual Secondary Tasks ↗ · 2017 · Young, Richard A. · indexed
343. Effects of Auditory Working Memory Tasks while Switching between Autonomous and Manual Driving ↗ · 2016 · McCarty, Madeleine M. et al. · indexed
344. Drivers’ self-regulatory behaviors in active and responsive scenarios ↗ · 2023 · Zhang, Yaping et al. · indexed
345. Noncritical State Transitions During Conditionally Automated Driving on German Freeways: Effects of Non–Driving Related Tasks on Takeover Time and Takeover Quality ↗ · 2019 · Naujoks, Frederik et al. · indexed
346. Driving performance analysis of the ACAS FOT data and recommendations for a driving workload manager. · 2006 · Eoh, Hong et al. · archived
347. Detecting and Quantifying Mind Wandering during Simulated Driving · 2017 · Baldwin, Carryl L. et al. · archived
348. Predicting Changes in Driving Safety Performance on an Individualized Level Under Naturalistic Driving Conditions · 2019 · Cavuoto, Lora et al. · archived
349. A generic multi-level framework for microscopic traffic simulation—Theory and an example case in modelling driver distraction · 2018 · Lint, Hans van et al. · archived
350. Temporal dynamics of dual-task interference in the brain in a simulated driving environment ↗ · 2025 · Hashemirad, Seyed-Reza et al. · indexed
351. Covariability in three dimensions of teenage driving risk behavior: impaired driving, risky and unsafe driving behavior, and secondary task engagement ↗ · 2015 · Bruce G. Simons‐Morton et al. · indexed
352. Cocktail Party Effect&amp; Attention Capture in Semi-Autonomous Driving · 2013 · Tobias, Crystal et al. · archived
353. Baseline Analysis of Driver Performance at Intersections for the Left-Turn Assist and Intersection Movement Assist Applications · 2020 · Stevens, Scott et al. · archived
354. Utilization of Drivetime – Performing Non-Driving Related Tasks While Driving Highly Automated ↗ · 2015 · Gold, Christian et al. · indexed
355. Effect of Electronic Device Use on Pedestrian Safety: A Literature Review · 2016 · Scopatz, Robert A. et al. · archived
356. Impact des situations d'attention partagée sur le traitement de l'information chez les conducteurs novices ↗ · 2010 · Hamama, H. · indexed
357. ADVANCE safety evaluation · 2000 · Inman, V. et al. · archived
358. Research Framework for Studying Driver Distraction on Polish City Highways · 2013 · Kelwyn A. D’Souza et al. · archived
359. Heavy vehicle driver workload assessment: Task 7b: In-cab text message system and cellular phone use by heavy vehicle drivers in a part-task driving simulator · 1996 · Hanowski, Richard et al. · archived
360. An Investigation of the Effects of Reading and Writing Text-Based Messages While Driving · 2011 · Yager, CE et al. · archived
361. In-Vehicle Avatars to Elicit Social Response and Change Driving Behaviour ↗ · 2009 · Rakotonirainy, Andry et al. · indexed
362. Study on the prevalence of mobile phone use by car drivers – the case of Poland · 2021 · Szrywer, Paulina et al. · archived
363. Linking the Detection Response Task and the AttenD Algorithm Through Assessment of Human–Machine Interface Workload · 2017 · Lee, Joonbum et al. · archived
364. Distracted Driving Behaviors and Beliefs among Older Adults: A LongROAD Analysis of the Training, Research, and Education for Driving Safety Study · 2017 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
365. Critical factors affecting mobile phone use while driving through the exploitation of smartphone sensor data ↗ · 2023 · Akritidou, Sofia et al. · indexed
366. Reaction Times When Switching From Autonomous to Manual Driving Control ↗ · 2016 · Funkhouser, Kelly et al. · indexed
367. Human Factors Evaluation of an In-Vehicle Active Traffic and Demand Management (ATDM) System · 2016 · Sykes, Kayla · archived
368. Understanding the effects of peripheral vision and muscle memory on in‐vehicle touchscreen interactions ↗ · 2018 · Eren, Ayse Leyla et al. · indexed
369. Driver visual attention and in-vehicle touchscreen: the role of short training session · 2026 · Hazoor, Abrar et al. · archived
370. Toward Computational Simulations of Behavior During Automated Driving Takeovers: A Review of the Empirical and Modeling Literatures · 2019 · McDonald, Anthony D. et al. · archived
371. Distracted Driving and Risk of Road Crashes among Novice and Experienced Drivers ↗ · 2014 · Klauer, Sheila G. et al. · indexed
372. “Take over!” How long does it take to get the driver back into the loop? ↗ · 2013 · Gold, Christian et al. · indexed
373. An investigation of the effects of reading and writing text-based messages while driving. · 2012 · Cooper, Joel et al. · archived
374. Using real-life alert-based data to analyse drowsiness and distraction of commercial drivers ↗ · 2018 · Ferreira, Sara et al. · indexed
375. Is There Any Difference between Conversing by Phone and Conversing with a Passenger While Driving? · 2009 · Bruyas, Marie-Pierre et al. · archived
376. Measuring and Predicting Drivers’ Takeover Readiness and Supporting Takeover Transitions in Automated Driving · 2023 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
377. Assessing the Impact of Smartphone Usage while Driving in Work Zones · 2018 · Valdes Diaz, Didier M. et al. · archived
378. An investigation of the effects of reading and writing text-based messages while driving · 2011 · Cooper, JM et al. · archived
379. Beyond the Dashboard: Investigating Distracted Driver Communication Preferences for ADAS · 2024 · Hasan, Aamir et al. · archived
380. Conversation impairs the expression of learned sequence information in a simulated driving environment ↗ · 2010 · Cooper, JM · indexed
381. Driver distraction in school zones: A roadside observational study in Canada · 2025 · Biondi, FN et al. · archived
382. Conversation Impairs the Expression of Learned Sequence Information in a Simulated Driving Environment ↗ · 2010 · Cooper, Joel · indexed
383. Modeling simple driving tasks with a one-boundary diffusion model ↗ · 2013 · Strayer, David L. · indexed
384. Central Interference in Driving · 2006 · Levy, Jonathan et al. · archived
385. Drivers' lane changing behavior while conversing on a cell phone in a variable density simulated highway environment · 2008 · Cooper, JM et al. · archived
386. Investigating the correspondence between driver head position and glance location · 2018 · Lee, Joonbum et al. · archived
387. Cognitive load and task switching in drivers: Implications for road safety in semi-autonomous vehicles ↗ · 2024 · Xu, Jinhui et al. · indexed
388. Effects of unreliable automation, non-driving related task, and takeover time budget on drivers’ takeover performance and workload ↗ · 2022 · Shahini, Farzaneh et al. · indexed
389. DRIVER INFORMATION NEEDS ↗ · 1971 · Allen, T M et al. · indexed
390. National Distracted Driving Telephone Survey Finds Most Drivers Answer the Call, Hold the Phone, and Continue to Drive [Traffic Tech] · 2011 · NHTSA · archived
391. Drivers&#039; Activities and Information Needs in an Automated Highway System · 1996 · Levitan, Lee et al. · archived
392. Distracted and Risk-Prone Drivers · 2013 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
393. Using Naturalistic Driving Data to Examine Teen Driver Behaviors Present in Motor Vehicle Crashes, 2007-2015 · 2016 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
394. Which accuracy levels of positioning technologies do drivers really need in connected vehicle settings for safety? · 2021 · Du, Na et al. · archived
395. National Phone Survey on Distracted Driving Attitudes and Behaviors · 2011 · Tison, Julie et al. · archived
396. An Integrated Open-Source Framework for Automated Analysis of Driver Activity, Glance, and Vehicle Automation Mode ↗ · 2026 · Sahoo, Praneet et al. · indexed
397. Gaze dynamics reveal age-related physiological patterns across driving events ↗ · 2026 · Strle, Gregor et al. · indexed
398. Browsing the information highway while driving: three in-vehicle touch screen scrolling methods and driver distraction ↗ · 2013 · Kujala, Tuomo · indexed
399. Calibration in Older and Middle-aged Drivers: Relationship between Subjective and Objective Glance Performance at Complex Intersections ↗ · 2018 · Unverricht, James et al. · indexed
400. Visual in-car warnings: How fast do drivers respond? · 2018 · van der Heiden, Remo M.A. et al. · archived
401. Dual-Task Interference in a Simulated Driving Environment: Serial or Parallel Processing? · 2021 · Abbaszadeh, Mojtaba et al. · archived
402. An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Voice-to-Text Programs at Reducing Incidences of Distracted Driving · 2013 · Yager, Christine · archived
403. Take-over performance in evasive manoeuvres · 2017 · Happee, Riender et al. · archived
404. An investigation of driver distraction near the tipping point of traffic flow stability · 2009 · Cooper, JM et al. · archived
405. Simulator Study of Effects of Alternative Distraction Mitigation Strategies in Driver Workload Manager ↗ · 2011 · Tijerina, Louis et al. · indexed
406. Predicting drivers’ takeover time for safe and comfortable vehicle control transitions: The role of spare capacity and driver characteristics ↗ · 2025 · Liang, Kexin et al. · indexed
407. An Analysis of Driver-Initiated Takeovers during Assisted Driving and their Effect on Driver Satisfaction · 2024 · Schwager, Robin et al. · archived
408. Driving distracted with friends: Effect of passengers and driver distraction on young drivers’ behavior ↗ · 2019 · Zhang, Fangda et al. · indexed
409. Dissociating Eye Movements and Workload on Lateral Lane Position Variability ↗ · 2010 · Medeiros-Ward, Nathan et al. · indexed
410. Analysis of SHRP2 Data to Understand Normal and Abnormal Driving Behavior in Work Zones · 2019 · Flannagan, Carol A. et al. · archived
411. Developing a car gesture interface for use as a secondary task ↗ · 2003 · Alpern, Micah et al. · indexed
412. Evaluating the Effect of Google Glass on Driver Distraction · 2018 · Fisher, Donald L. et al. · archived
413. A STEERING WHEEL REVERSAL RATE METRIC FOR ASSESSING EFFECTS OF VISUAL AND COGNITIVE SECONDARY TASK LOAD ↗ · 2006 · Marrkula, G et al. · indexed
414. A Research Framework for Studying Transit Bus Driver Distraction · 2013 · D’Souza, Kelwyn A. et al. · archived
415. Response times in drivers' gap acceptance decisions during overtaking · 2023 · Abbink, David A. · archived
416. Removing Biases from Crash Odds Ratio Estimates of Secondary Tasks: A New Analysis of the SHRP 2 Naturalistic Driving Study Data ↗ · 2017 · Young, Richard A. · indexed
417. Moving Map Displays: Using CTIL and Eye Tracking Technologies to Measure Distraction in Locomotive Cabs · 2015 · Fisher, Donald L. et al. · archived
418. Genesis Pilot Human Factors Test, Human Factors Evaluation Of Driver Multitasking And Message Formats, Final Report · 1996 · NHTSA · archived
419. EyeSync - Real Time Integration of an Eye Tracker in a Driving Simulator Environment ↗ · 2016 · Loeb, Helen S. et al. · indexed
420. The Smartphone and the Driver’s Cognitive Workload: A Comparison of Apple, Google, and Microsoft’s Intelligent Personal Assistants · 2015 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
421. Driver Distraction Assessment Using Driver Modeling ↗ · 2013 · Hermannstadter, Peter et al. · indexed
422. Evaluating Driver Performance on Rural Two-Lane Horizontal Curved Roadways Using a Driving Simulator · 2012 · Bertola, Mary Anne et al. · archived
423. The Smartphone and the Driver’s Cognitive Workload: A Comparison of Apple, Google, and Microsoft’s Intelligent Personal Assistants · 2015 · Strayer, David L. et al. · archived
424. Evaluating driver distraction countermeasures ↗ · 2005 · Karlsson, Rikard · indexed
425. Usability of Multimodal Human-Machine-Interaction while Driving ↗ · 2002 · Bengler, Klaus et al. · indexed
426. Take-Over Requests for Automated Driving ↗ · 2015 · Melcher, Vivien et al. · indexed
427. Modeling distracted performance · 2019 · Hawkins, Guy E. et al. · archived
428. Driving without a Clue ↗ · 2007 · Muttart, Jeffrey W. et al. · indexed
429. Age related changes in cognitive response style in the driving task. · 2009 · Reimer, Bryan · archived
430. Modeling cognitive load effects of conversation between a passenger and driver · 2017 · Strayer, David L. et al. · archived
431. Driver crash risk factors and prevalence evaluation using naturalistic driving data ↗ · 2016 · Dingus, Thomas A. et al. · indexed
432. Driver Acceptance of Connected, Automation-Assisted Cruise Control : Experiment 1 · 2018 · Inman, Vaughan W. et al. · archived
433. Test–Retest Reliability of the Susceptibility to Driver Distraction Questionnaire · 2015 · Marulanda, Susana et al. · archived
434. Predicting the monitoring/reading of communications on a smartphone among young drivers using an extended theory of planned behaviour · 2020 · Murphy, Georgia et al. · archived
435. Systematic review and meta-analysis of take-over time from automated driving at SAE levels 2 and 3 to manual control ↗ · 2025 · Sekadakis, Marios et al. · indexed
436. Effect of Fixed and sEMG-Based Adaptive Shared Steering Control on Distracted Driver Behavior ↗ · 2021 · Wang, Zheng et al. · indexed
437. Attention maintenance training: Are young drivers getting better or being more strategic? ↗ · 2019 · Unverricht, James et al. · indexed
438. Multidimensional Assessment of Takeover Performance in Conditionally Automated Driving · 2025 · Liang, Kexin et al. · archived
439. Electronic Device Use: A Review of the Literature on Addictive Behaviors [Traffic Tech] · 2023 · NHTSA · archived
440. Attentive User Interfaces to Improve Multitasking and Take-Over Performance in Automated Driving ↗ · 2019 · Wintersberger, Philipp et al. · indexed
441. How Handheld Mobile Device Size and Hand Location May Affect Divided Attention ↗ · 2017 · Castro, Spencer C. · indexed
442. A Stochastic Delay Differential Equation Model of Multitasking While Driving ↗ · 2026 · Trommler, Daniel et al. · indexed
443. National Survey of Distracted and Drowsy Driving Attitudes and Behavior: 2002: Volume 3: Methods · 2003 · Royal, Dawn · archived
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445. Modeling Slow Lead Vehicle Lane Changing ↗ · 2003 · Olsen, Erik C. B. et al. · indexed
446. Mobile Phone Use “on the Road”: A Self-Report Study on Young Drivers · 2021 · Fraschetti, Angelo et al. · archived
447. Using Occlusion to Measure the Effects of the NHTSA Participant Criteria on Driver Distraction Testing ↗ · 2014 · Domeyer, Joshua E. et al. · indexed
448. A survey of distracted driving and electronic device use among app-based and taxi drivers ↗ · 2021 · Hill, Linda et al. · indexed
449. Effects of Non-Driving Related Task Modalities on Takeover Performance in Highly Automated Driving ↗ · 2018 · Wandtner, Bernhard et al. · indexed
450. Effects of executive load on crashes and near-crashes for young versus older drivers ↗ · 2024 · Sullivan, Keith A. et al. · indexed
451. Alcohol impairs driver attention and prevents compensatory strategies · 2023 · Ahlstrom, Christer · archived
452. Comparing the Relative Impact of Smartwatch and Smartphone Use While Driving on Workload, Attention, and Driving Performance ↗ · 2015 · Samost, Aubrey et al. · indexed
453. National Telephone Survey on Distracted Driving Attitudes and Behaviors – 2012 [Traffic Tech] · 2013 · NHTSA · archived
454. Safety, Operational, and Energy Impacts of In-Vehicle Adaptive Stop Displays Using Connected Vehicle Technology · 2015 · NHTSA · archived
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457. Predicting Take-over Time for Autonomous Driving with Real-World Data:\n Robust Data Augmentation, Models, and Evaluation · 2021 · Rangesh, Akshay et al. · archived
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459. Predicting Driver Takeover Time in Conditionally Automated Driving · 2021 · Ayoub, Jackie et al. · archived
460. Impact of the difficulty of the box task on its sensitivity when combined with a detection response task to assess secondary task workload ↗ · 2025 · Trommler, Daniel et al. · indexed
461. Detection of distracted driving through the analysis of real-time driver, vehicle, and roadway volatilities · 2024 · Usman, Sheikh Muhammad et al. · archived
462. Cell phone-related driver distraction: Habits predict behavior over and above the theory of planned behavior variables ↗ · 2023 · Demir, Basar et al. · indexed
463. Government and Industry Perspectives on Driver Distraction ↗ · 2008 · Tingvall, Claes et al. · indexed
464. A comparison of the cell-phone driver and the drunk driver · 2006 · Strayer, D. L. et al. · archived
465. Post and During Event Effect of Cell Phone Talking and Texting on Driving Performance—A Driving Simulator Study ↗ · 2015 · Thapa, Raju et al. · indexed
466. Influences of Level 2 Automated Driving on Driver Behaviors: A Comparison With Manual Driving ↗ · 2023 · Yang, Bo et al. · indexed
467. The temporal dynamics of selective attention are reflected by distractor intrusions · 2023 · Zivony, Alon et al. · archived
468. Speech-Based Interaction with In-Vehicle Computers: The Effect of Speech-Based E-Mail on Drivers' Attention to the Roadway ↗ · 2001 · Lee, John D. et al. · indexed
469. Examination of Limitations Associated with Observing Driver Distraction ↗ · 2014 · Wenners, Keith E. et al. · indexed
470. Driver Electronic Device Use in 2024 [Traffic Safety Facts] · 2026 · NHTSA · archived
471. The Critical Tracking Task ↗ · 2013 · Petzoldt, Tibor et al. · indexed
472. Age-related effects of executive function on takeover performance in automated driving · 2022 · Peng, Qijia et al. · archived
473. A Contextual Analysis of Driver-Facing and Dual-View Video Inputs for Distraction Detection in Naturalistic Driving Environments · 2025 · Dontoh, Anthony et al. · archived
474. The Temporal Profile of Dual-task Interference in the Human Brain ↗ · 2023 · Hashemirad, Seyed-Reza et al. · indexed
475. Predicting Driver Takeover Performance in Conditional Automation (Level 3) through Physiological Sensing · 2024 · Deng, Min et al. · archived
476. Examining the effect of infotainment auditory-vocal systems' design components on workload and usability · 2019 · Biondi, FN et al. · archived
477. Evaluation of in-vehicle HMI using occlusion techniques: experimental results and practical implications ↗ · 2004 · Baumann, Martin et al. · indexed
478. Designing for the Extremes: Modeling Drivers’ Response Time to Take Back Control From Automation Using Bayesian Quantile Regression ↗ · 2021 · DinparastDjadid, Azadeh et al. · indexed
479. Car Following and Microscopic Traffic Simulation Under Distracted Driving ↗ · 2021 · Zatmeh-Kanj, Sunbola et al. · indexed
480. Optimal Time Intervals in Two-Stage Takeover Warning Systems With Insight Into the Drivers’ Neuroticism Personality ↗ · 2021 · Zhang, Wei et al. · indexed
481. Attitudes and behaviors related to distracted driving in college students: a need for interventions in adolescence ↗ · 2017 · Basch, Corey H. et al. · indexed
482. Fatigue in the Automated Vehicle ↗ · 2014 · Neubauer, Catherine et al. · indexed
483. Summary Report: Comparative Effectiveness of Alternative Smartphone-Based Nudges to Reduce Cellphone Use While Driving: Final Report · 2022 · Ebert, Jeffrey et al. · archived
484. Impact of Cognitive Distractions on Drivers’ Anticipation Behavior in Vehicle-bicycle Conflict Situations ↗ · 2018 · Ebadi, Yalda et al. · indexed
485. Time Required for Take-over from Automated to Manual Driving ↗ · 2016 · Ito, Toshio et al. · indexed
486. Attentional resources in timing: Interference effects in concurrent temporal and nontemporal working memory tasks · 1997 · Brown, Scott W. · archived
487. Finding windows of opportunity: How drivers adapt to partial automation safeguards over time ↗ · 2025 · Mueller, Alexandra S. et al. · indexed
488. Driver Responses to Incongruent V2V and V2I Safety Critical Information in Left-Turn Across Path Scenarios ↗ · 2017 · Richard, Christian et al. · indexed
489. A Strategically Timed Verbal Task Improves Performance and Neurophysiological Alertness During Fatiguing Drives · 2013 · Atchley, Paul et al. · archived
490. DeepTake: Prediction of Driver Takeover Behavior using Multimodal Data · 2020 · Pakdamanian, Erfan et al. · archived
491. Evaluation of Driver Reaction to Disengagement of Advanced Driver Assistance System with Different Warning Systems While Driving Under Various Distractions ↗ · 2024 · Shirani, Niloufar et al. · indexed
492. Putting the Brakes on Autonomous Vehicle Control ↗ · 2016 · Funkhouser, Kelly et al. · indexed
493. The Research of Driver Distraction by Visual Smog on Selected Road Stretch in Slovakia ↗ · 2017 · Hudák, Martin et al. · indexed
494. Age Related Changes in Cognitive Response Style in the Driving Task: Part II · 2013 · Reimer, Bryan · archived
495. Do Drivers’ Estimates of Distraction Become Calibrated to Their Actual Distracted Driving Performance with Greater Exposure? ↗ · 2009 · Kidd, David G. et al. · indexed
496. Methodological Approach towards Evaluating the Effects of Non-Driving Related Tasks during Partially Automated Driving ↗ · 2020 · Hollander, Cornelia et al. · indexed
497. Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Distraction Among Public Transit Bus Drivers ↗ · 2014 · Griffin, Russell et al. · indexed
498. Human Factors for Connected Vehicles Transit Bus Research · 2019 · Graving, Justin et al. · archived
499. Minimum and Comfortable Driving Headways: Reality versus Perception ↗ · 2001 · Meirav Taieb‐Maimon et al. · indexed
500. On-Road Study of Drivers’ Use of Rearview Video Systems (ORSDURVS) · 2008 · Mazzae, Elizabeth N. et al. · archived
501. DRIVING DISTRACTION DUE TO DRONES · 2018 · Hurwitz, David S. et al. · archived
502. Distraction and task engagement: How interesting and boring information impact driving performance and subjective and physiological responses ↗ · 2016 · Horrey, William J. et al. · indexed
503. This is your brain on autopilot: Neural indices of driver workload and engagement during partial vehicle automation · 2023 · McDonnell, AS et al. · archived
504. Performance Degradation During Sudden Hazardous Events: A Comparative Analysis of Use of a Phone and a Music Player During Driving ↗ · 2018 · Choudhary, Pushpa et al. · indexed
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512. Multiple Resource Time Sharing Models ↗ · 2004 · Wickens, Christopher D. · indexed
513. Understanding Drivers’ Steering Behavior: Chain And One-Time Corrections ↗ · 2018 · DinparastDjadid, Azadeh et al. · indexed
514. Evaluating the Effects of Connected Vehicle Weather and Work Zone Warnings on Truck Drivers’ Workload and Distraction using Eye Glance Behavior ↗ · 2020 · Raddaoui, Omar et al. · indexed
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516. Use of Limits Method to Characterize Individual Driver Responses to Yellow Change Interval at Signalized Intersections ↗ · 2010 · Inman, Vaughan W. · indexed
517. The Latency of Spontaneous Eye Blinks Marks Relevant Visual and Auditory Information Processing ↗ · 2020 · Murali, Supriya et al. · indexed
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521. Comparing attentional disengagement between Prolific and MTurk samples · 2023 · Albert, Derek A. et al. · archived
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524. Fascinatin’ Rhythm – and Pauses in Translators’ Cognitive Processes · 2018 · Martín, Ricardo Muñoz et al. · archived
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526. Facebook and texting made me do it: Media-induced task-switching while studying ↗ · 2013 · Rosen, Larry D. et al. · indexed
527. Green time usage metrics on signalized intersections and arterials using high-resolution traffic data ↗ · 2021 · Guadamuz, Renato et al. · indexed
528. Short or Long—Which is Better? ↗ · 2007 · Han, Lee D. et al. · indexed
529. Balancing of Truck Parking Demand by a Centralized Incentives/Pricing System · 2022 · Vital, Filipe de Almeida Araujo et al. · archived
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532. The influence of the respiratory cycle on reaction times in sensory-cognitive paradigms · 2022 · Johannknecht, Michelle et al. · archived
533. Automatic Generation of Traffic Signal Timing Plan ↗ · 2014 · Liu, Henry et al. · indexed
534. Improving Bus Passenger Transfers on Road Segments through Online Operational Tactics ↗ · 2008 · Hadas, Yuval et al. · indexed
535. Distinguishing common and task-specific processes in word identification: A matter of some moment? · 2001 · Andrews, Sally et al. · archived
536. A Branch-and-Price Algorithm for the Online Scheduling of Valet Drivers ↗ · 2023 · Zhang, Lei et al. · indexed