Visualization Factor Distraction During the Driving Task in a Real Reality Environment Using EEG Analysis
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Summary
This study investigates the impact of visual clutter on driver distraction and attention levels in a real-world driving environment, motivated by the rapid increase in traffic accidents in Malaysia. The research posits that driving performance is determined by the interaction between the individual, the task, and the surrounding environment, with visual clutter—such as roadside advertising—posing significant risks. The primary objective was to examine how specific visualization factors distract drivers and reduce their attention levels during driving tasks. The methodology involved a pilot study with five participants (two males, three females, aged 20–30) who drove a Perodua Bezza along a controlled route in Kuala Lumpur from Silk Residence to Pantai Cheras Hospital. To ensure data accuracy and safety, drivers maintained a constant speed of 70 km/h, were non-smokers and non-drinkers, and were well-rested. The study utilized a NeuroSky Mindwave Mobile Headset to record Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, specifically measuring attention levels via EEG Analyzer software. Attention was categorized into five levels: Great (80–100), Good (60–79), Neutral (40–59), Less (20–39), and Poor (1–19). Data were collected by averaging attention scores from five seconds before to ten seconds after passing five specific visual distraction points: roadside advertisements exceeding safety signs, colorful digital billboards, advertisement positions, advertisement sizes, and advertisement colors. The results indicated that visual factors significantly reduced driver attention. For the first two factors (excessive signage and digital billboards), 60% of drivers fell into the "Neutral" attention category, while the remaining 40% maintained "Good" attention. For the third factor (advertisement positions), 100% of drivers exhibited "Neutral" attention levels. The fourth factor (advertisement size) produced the most unstable results, with 60% of drivers showing "Neutral" attention, one driver showing "Good" attention, and one showing "Less" attention. For the fifth factor (advertisement color), 60% of drivers remained in the "Neutral" category, while 40% maintained "Good" attention. The analysis revealed that male drivers generally maintained more stable attention levels compared to female drivers, who showed more variability. Specifically, the size of roadside advertisements had the most pronounced impact on destabilizing driver attention. The study concludes that brain activity reacts differently to various visualization factors, with visual clutter significantly lowering attention levels. The findings suggest that specific visual elements, particularly the size of advertisements, are critical contributors to driver distraction. The authors recommend future research combining EEG analysis with virtual reality to further explore the relationship between brain activity and visual distractions, aiming to develop better strategies for mitigating driver inattention and improving road safety.
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| Stage | Outcome | Tool | Model | Prompt | Attempts | Completed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| discover | success | Crossref | — | — | 1 | 2026-08-09 |
| archive | success | canonical_url | — | — | 1 | 2026-08-09 |
| extract | success | pdftotext | — | — | 4 | 2026-08-10 |
| clean | success | clean | — | — | 2 | 2026-08-10 |
| chunk | success | chunk | — | — | 2 | 2026-08-10 |
| embed | success | embed | Qwen/Qwen3-Embedding-8B | — | 2 | 2026-08-10 |
| promote | success | — | — | — | 1 | 2026-08-09 |
| summarize | success | llm | qwen3.6-27b-nvidia | summ-v5 | 2 | 2026-08-10 |
| tag | success | vector_similarity | — | — | 17 | 2026-08-11 |
| verify | success | — | — | — | 2 | 2026-08-10 |
Summary generated by qwen3.6-27b-nvidia on 2026-08-10; verification: verified.
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