road complexity

Visual and cognitive complexity of the driving scene: how much information the roadside environment imposes on the driver at once — clutter, number of competing elements, scene density, and the resulting demand on perception and workload. This is about the richness of the scene the driver must process, NOT the number of other vehicles present (traffic_density), NOT the physical curve/grade/alignment of the road (road_geometry), and NOT the layout of any single junction (intersection_design).

389 paper(s) · ranked by relevance to this topic

1. Towards a Human-Centred Cognitive Model of Visuospatial Complexity in Everyday Driving · 2020 · Suchan, Jakob · archived
2. How do drivers mitigate the effects of naturalistic visual complexity? · 2023 · Suchan, Jakob · archived
3. Factors influencing visual search in complex driving environments. · 2016 · Hunter, Michael P. et al. · archived
4. Research on the impact of driving environment complexity on driving safety based on Driver Sky View Index (DSVI). · 2026 · Quan, L et al. · archived
5. Perceptual Load in Different Regions of the Visual Scene and Its Relevance for Driving · 2015 · Marciano, Hadas et al. · archived
6. The Impact of Environmental Complexity on Drivers’ Situation Awareness ↗ · 2022 · Park, Sami et al. · indexed
7. Developing a Checklist for Cognitive Characteristics of Driving Scenarios in Dual-Task Studies: The Case of Cell Phone Use While Driving · 2019 · Pouyakian, Mostafa et al. · archived
8. Quantifying the Night Driver's Visual Environment · 1980 · Olsen, R. A. · archived
9. Human Performance in Vehicle Driving · 2026 · Abendroth, Bettina et al. · archived
10. Increased visual and cognitive demands emphasize the importance of meeting visual needs at all distances while driving · 2021 · Patoine, Amigale et al. · archived
11. Increased visual and cognitive demands emphasize the importance of meeting visual needs at all distances while driving · 2020 · Patoine, Amigale et al. · archived
12. Analysis of relationship between characteristics of driver's eye movements and visual scene in driving events ↗ · 2011 · Miyoshi, Tetsuya et al. · indexed
13. The Impact of Environmental Features on Drivers’ Situation Awareness Using Real-World Driving Scenarios ↗ · 2023 · Xing, Yilun et al. · indexed
14. Effects of roadway factors and demographic characteristics on drivers’ perceived complexity of simulated roadway videos ↗ · 2018 · Shaw, F. Atiyya et al. · indexed
15. Interpretable Quantification of Scene-Induced Driver Visual Load: Linking Eye-Tracking Behavior to Road Scene Features via SHAP Analysis ↗ · 2025 · Ni, Jie et al. · indexed
16. A Review of Driver Mental Workload in Driver-Vehicle-Environment System · 2011 · Ba, Yutao et al. · archived
17. Driver’s Cognitive Workload and Driving Performance under Traffic Sign Information Exposure in Complex Environments: A Case Study of the Highways in China ↗ · 2017 · Lyu, Nengchao et al. · indexed
18. The impact of guide sign informational density on driver cognitive load: An integrated simulator and real-world driving study ↗ · 2026 · Meng, Yunwei et al. · indexed
19. An analysis of the effect of roadway design on driver's workload ↗ · 2009 · Pellegrino, O. · indexed
20. Quantitative Description of Informational Dimensions of Urban Freeways · 2004 · Tsyganov, Alexei et al. · archived
21. Collision Detection in Cluttered Driving Scenes ↗ · 2015 · Lemon, Carissa M et al. · indexed
22. Impact of Cognitive Task Complexity on Drivers’ Visual Tunneling ↗ · 2009 · Reimer, Bryan · indexed
23. Variation in drivers' cognitive load. Effects of driving through village areas and rural junctions · 1991 · Harms, Lisbeth · archived
24. Seeing the road in the blink of an eye - rapid perception of the driver's visual environment ↗ · 2017 · Wolfe, Benjamin et al. · indexed
25. Cognitive load while driving impairs memory of moving but not stationary elements within the environment. ↗ · 2014 · Blalock, Lisa Durrance et al. · indexed
26. The Effect of Visual Clutter on Driver Eye Glance Behavior ↗ · 2011 · Perez, William et al. · indexed
27. The effects of on-street parking and road environment visual complexity on travel speed and reaction time ↗ · 2012 · Edquist, Jessica et al. · indexed
28. Attentional Demand as a Function of Contextual Factors in Different Traffic Scenarios ↗ · 2019 · Liu, Zhuofan et al. · indexed
29. Human Factors of Visual and Cognitive Performance in Driving · 2008 · Castro, Cándida · archived
30. Effects of Visual Demand and In-Vehicle Task Complexity on Driving and Task Performance as Assessed by Visual Occlusion ↗ · 1999 · Tsimhoni, Omer et al. · indexed
31. Exploring the effect of cognitive load in scenarios of daily driving · 2024 · Felisberti, Fatima M. et al. · archived
32. Categorisation of driving scenario complexity based on primary driving tasks and road characteristics ↗ · 2018 · Galarza, Miguel Angel et al. · indexed
33. Effects of Driving Task Demands and Information Load on AR-HUD Cognitive Efficiency: The Moderating Role of Working Memory Capacity in a VR-Based Simulated Driving Environment. ↗ · 2026 · Li J et al. · indexed
34. Functional Visual Field Reduction Under Conditions of High Cognitive Load - Evidence from the Hazard Perception Test ↗ · 2024 · Ouzia, Julia et al. · indexed
35. Effects of visual complexity of in-vehicle information display: Age-related differences in visual search task in the driving context ↗ · 2019 · Lee, Seul Chan et al. · indexed
36. Effects of experience and processing demands on visual information acquisition in drivers ↗ · 1998 · CRUNDALL, DAVID E. et al. · indexed
37. Effect of the restricted visual field on mental workload during automobile driving ↗ · 2025 · Chihara, Takanori et al. · indexed
38. Mental workload and driving · 2014 · Paxion, Julie et al. · archived
39. Heavy vehicle driver workload assessment. Task 3, task analysis data collection · 1996 · Kiger, Steven et al. · archived
40. Study on the Driver Visual Workload in High-Density Interchange-Merging Areas Based on a Field Driving Test ↗ · 2024 · Zhang, Yue et al. · indexed
41. Development of In-Vehicle Information Dissemination Mechanisms to Reduce Cognitive Burden in the Information-Rich Driving Environment · 2022 · Agrawal, Shubham et al. · archived
42. Assessing the visual and cognitive demands of in-vehicle information systems · 2019 · Strayer, DL et al. · archived
43. Exploring the effects of road type on drivers’ eye behavior and workload ↗ · 2022 · Yao, Kai et al. · indexed
44. Minimizing driver errors: examining factors leading to failed target tracking and detection. · 2013 · Beck, Melissa R. et al. · archived
45. Heavy vehicle driver workload assessment. Task 4, review of workload and related research · 1996 · Wierwille, W. et al. · archived
46. Investigating the impact of context and environment on driver’s situation awareness ↗ · 2022 · Xing, Yilun et al. · indexed
47. Simulator Study of Involuntary Driver Distraction Under Different Perceptual Loads ↗ · 2017 · Hoekstra-Atwood, Liberty et al. · indexed
48. Sign Luminance Requirements for Various Background Complexities · 1985 · Mace, D. J. et al. · archived
49. The Impact of Partial Automation and Cognitive Load on Drivers’ Visual Search Strategies in an Urban Driving Environment ↗ · 2026 · Qin, Hao et al. · indexed
50. The Effect of Cognitive Load on Drivers’ Visual Search Strategies During Partially Automated Driving in an Urban Environment ↗ · 2025 · Qin, Hao et al. · indexed
51. The Attentional Demand of Automobile Driving Revisited ↗ · 2015 · Kujala, Tuomo et al. · indexed
52. Familiarity and Complexity during a Takeover in Highly Automated Driving · 2021 · Scharfe-Scherf, Marlene Susanne Lisa et al. · archived
53. Development of a Human Performance Simulation Model to Evaluate In-Vehicle Information and Control Systems in Commercial Trucking Operations · 2007 · Griffin, Meredith J. et al. · archived
54. The Impact of Load on Dynamic versus Static Situational Knowledge While Driving ↗ · 2009 · Clegg, Benjamin A. · indexed
55. Measuring the Useful Field of View During Simulated Driving With Gaze-Contingent Displays · 2016 · Gaspar, John G. et al. · archived
56. Perceiving the Roadway in the Blink of an Eye-Rapid Perception of the Road Environment and Prediction of Events ↗ · 2017 · Wolfe, Benjamin et al. · indexed
57. Developing a Driver-Centric Roadway Classification System with
Multidimensional Scaling ↗ · 2011 · Balk, Stacy et al. · indexed
58. Mental Workload and Task Performance for Indirect Vision Driving with Fixed Flat Panel Displays · 2001 · Smyth, Christopher C · archived
59. The Interaction of Cognitive Load and Attention-Directing Cues in Driving ↗ · 2009 · Lee, Yi-Ching et al. · indexed
60. Task acceptability and workload of driving city streets, rural roads, and expressways : ratings from video clips. · 2007 · Schweitzer, Jason et al. · archived
61. DRIVER INFORMATION NEEDS ↗ · 1971 · Allen, T M et al. · indexed
62. Investigating the Impact of Road Condition Complexity on Driving Workload Based on Subjective Measurement using NASA TLX · 2017 · Sugiono, Sugiono et al. · archived
63. Nonuniform Changes in the Distribution of Visual Attention from Visual Complexity and Action: A Driving Simulation Study ↗ · 2015 · Park, George D et al. · indexed
64. Using the ISO detection response task to measure the cognitive load of driving four separate vehicles on two distinct highways · 2024 · Biondi, FN et al. · archived
65. Effects of the road environment on the development of driver sleepiness in young male drivers ↗ · 2018 · Ahlström, Christer et al. · indexed
66. The effect of navigation display clutter on performance and attention allocation in presentation- and simulator-based driving experiments ↗ · 2018 · Pankok, Carl et al. · indexed
67. Influence of Task Knowledge and Display Features on Driver Attention to Cluttered Navigation Displays ↗ · 2017 · Pankok, Carl et al. · indexed
68. Influences of Visual and Conversation Loads upon a Functional Visual Field While Driving. ↗ · 2000 · AYAMA, Miyoshi et al. · indexed
69. The Effect of Surrounding Scenery Complexity on the Transfer of Control Time in Highly Automated Driving ↗ · 2021 · Wiehr, Frederik et al. · indexed
70. Understanding the visual skills and strategies of train drivers in the urban rail environment ↗ · 2014 · Naweed, Anjum et al. · indexed
71. Modeling Mental Workload and Task Performance for Indirect Vision Driving ↗ · 2001 · Smyth, Christopher C. · indexed
72. Investigating screen complexity in the vehicle, how does design effect driver attention and task performance? ↗ · 2025 · Pearce, Kira et al. · indexed
73. A study on recognition of in-car visual information ↗ · 2002 · Kamiya, H. et al. · indexed
74. Development and Evaluation of New Anchors for Ratings of Driving Workload · 2012 · Lin, Brian T W et al. · archived
75. Understanding Driver's Situation Awareness in Highly Automated Driving ↗ · 2022 · Kim, Young Woo et al. · indexed
76. Driving Under Involuntary Distraction and Varied Perceptual Loads ↗ · 2016 · Hoekstra-Atwood, Liberty et al. · indexed
77. Subjective responses of mental workload during real time driving: A pilot field study ↗ · 2017 · Rahman, N I A et al. · indexed
78. Display formats and commercial vehicle operator (CVO) workload · 1997 · Carney, Cher et al. · archived
79. Developing Baseline Data on Heavy Vehicle Driver Visual Workload ↗ · 1995 · Kiger, Steven M. et al. · indexed
80. Volume 1: Urban Driver Mental Frameworks and Implications · 2023 · Eluru, Naveen et al. · archived
81. Evaluation of driver visual demand in complex two dimensional rural highway alignments ↗ · 2021 · Ganguly, Chandi D · indexed
82. Estimating Workload Demands of Turning Left at Intersections of Varying Complexity ↗ · 2009 · Stinchcombe, Arne et al. · indexed
83. Analysis of Traffic Signs Information Volume Affecting Driver’s Visual Characteristics and Driving Safety ↗ · 2022 · Han, Lei et al. · indexed
84. The Information That Drivers Use: Is it Indeed 90% Visual? ↗ · 1996 · Sivak, Michael · indexed
85. The Elephant in the Road: Auditory Perceptual Load Affects Driver Perception and Awareness ↗ · 2017 · Murphy, Gillian et al. · indexed
86. Predicting road scenes from brief views of driving video ↗ · 2019 · Wolfe, Benjamin et al. · indexed
87. Visual Attention and Roadway Landmark Identification in At-Risk Older Drivers, · 2001 · Crowe, Amy et al. · archived
88. Measures of Driver Behavior and Cognitive Workload in a Driving Simulator and in a Real Traffic Environment - Experiences from Two Experimental Studies in Sweden · 2001 · Cici, Ruggero et al. · archived
89. Study on the Influence of Rural Highway Landscape Green Vision Rate on Driving Load Based on Factor Analysis ↗ · 2025 · Li, Hao et al. · indexed
90. Validating two assessment strategies for visual and cognitive load in a simulated driving task · 2016 · Castro, S et al. · archived
91. Perceptual load in central and peripheral regions and its effects on driving performance: advertizing billboards ↗ · 2012 · Marciano, Hadas et al. · indexed
92. A simulator study of driving behavior and mental workload in mixed-use arterial road environments ↗ · 2019 · O’Hern, Steve et al. · indexed
93. Differential Effects of Focal and Ambient Visual Processing Demands on Driving Performance ↗ · 2009 · Lenneman, John K et al. · indexed
94. Guide Sign's Visual Interference Experiment on Urban Road ↗ · 2011 · Du, Zhigang et al. · indexed
95. Information Needs and Visual Attention during Urban, Highly Automated Driving—An Investigation of Potential Influencing Factors · 2020 · Feierle, Alexander et al. · archived
96. Driver Workload and Secondary Task Modality while Driving on Horizontal Curves ↗ · 2017 · Jeong, Heejin et al. · indexed
97. Auditory and Visual Peripheral Detection Tasks and the Lane Change Test with High and Low Cognitive Load ↗ · 2014 · Chong, Isis et al. · indexed
98. Is visual anticipation of collision during self-motion related to perceptual style? ↗ · 1998 · Berthelon, Catherine et al. · indexed
99. In-Vehicle Interface Adaptation to Environment-Induced Cognitive Workload · 2022 · Meiser, Elena et al. · archived
100. Research on evolution of visual load of mountain highway driving ↗ · 2022 · Meng, Yunwei et al. · indexed
101. Perceived Clutter in Advanced Cockpit Displays: Measurement and Modeling with Experienced Pilots ↗ · 2008 · Kaber, David B. et al. · indexed
102. VISUAL AND MANUAL DEMANDS OF IN-CAR CONTROLS AND DISPLAYS ↗ · 1993 · Wierwille, Walter W. · indexed
103. Comparing Eye-Tracking Metrics with the Driver Activity Load Index ↗ · 2026 · Bend, Julia et al. · indexed
104. A Visual Comparison of a Single Scenario in Three Driving Simulators ↗ · 2012 · Balk, Stacy A. · indexed
105. Effects of Cognitive Distraction on Driver's Visual Attention(Mechanical Systems) ↗ · 2010 · ABE, Genya et al. · indexed
106. How is the Driver's Workload Influenced by the Road Environment? ↗ · 2017 · Bongiorno, Nicola et al. · indexed
107. A Task-Analytic Approach for Estimating Driver Task Demands on Specific Roadway Sections ↗ · 2012 · Lichty, Monica G. et al. · indexed
108. System Analysis of Information Reception and Processing for Driving Task ↗ · 2011 · Zariņš, Atis · indexed
109. Crash Risk: Eye Movement as Indices for Dual Task Driving Workload · 2009 · Kang, Julie J et al. · archived
110. Driver Visual Behavior in the Presence of Commercial Electronic Variable Message Signs (CEVMS) · 2011 · Perez, William A. et al. · archived
111. What's Scene and Not Seen: Influences of Movement and Task Upon What We See ↗ · 2000 · Wallis, Guy et al. · indexed
112. The impact of secondary task cognitive processing demand on driving performance ↗ · 2006 · Blanco, Myra et al. · indexed
113. On-line driver workload estimation. Effects of road situation and age on secondary task measures ↗ · 2000 · Verwey, Willem B. · indexed
114. The effects of the traffic signs information volume on the visual characteristics and workload of novice and experienced drivers ↗ · 2024 · Han, Lei et al. · indexed
115. Perceived Green at Speed: A Simulated Driving Experiment Raises New Questions for Attention Restoration Theory and Stress Reduction Theory ↗ · 2020 · Jiang, Bin et al. · indexed
116. Toward a Theory of Visual Information Acquisition in Driving ↗ · 2022 · Wolfe, Benjamin et al. · indexed
117. Attentional differences in driving judgments for country and city scenes: Semantic congruency in inattentional blindness ↗ · 2013 · Pammer, Kristen et al. · indexed
118. Bottom-up and Top-down Contributors to Pilot Perceptions of Display Clutter in Advanced Flight Deck Technologies ↗ · 2008 · Alexander, Amy L. et al. · indexed
119. Mental Workload as a Function of Road Type and Visibility: Comparison of Neurophysiological, Behavioral, and Subjective Indices ↗ · 2004 · Baldwin, Carryl L. et al. · indexed
120. Heavy vehicle driver workload assessment. Task 1, task analysis data and protocols review · 1996 · Tijerina, L et al. · archived
121. Mental workload while driving: Effects on visual search, discrimination, and decision making. ↗ · 2003 · Recarte, Miguel A. et al. · indexed
122. The View from the Driver's Seat: What Good Is Salience? ↗ · 2013 · McCarley, Jason S. et al. · indexed
123. The measurement of drivers' mental workload ↗ · 1996 · de Waard, Dick · indexed
124. Visualization Factor Distraction During the Driving Task in a Real Reality Environment Using EEG Analysis · 2022 · Zulfakur, Nursyuhadah et al. · archived
125. Roadside advertising and the distraction of driver’s attention · 2017 · Adam, Tarnowski et al. · archived
126. Exploring drivers’ mental workload and visual demand while using an in-vehicle HMI for eco-safe driving ↗ · 2020 · Li, Xiaomeng et al. · indexed
127. Driving Simulator Based Interactive Experiments : Understanding Driver Behavior, Cognition and Technology Uptake under Information and Communication Technologies · 2018 · Agrawal, Shubham et al. · archived
128. Visual Attention in Driving: The Effects of Cognitive Load and Visual Disruption ↗ · 2007 · Lee, Yi-Ching et al. · indexed
129. Human factors evaluation of the effectiveness of multi-modality displays in advanced traveler information systems · 1999 · Liu, Yung-Ching et al. · archived
130. Reaction time of the secondary task while driving in various situations ↗ · 2003 · Ihata, N. et al. · indexed
131. Intersection Complexity and Its Influence on Human Drivers · 2022 · Weinreuter, Hannes et al. · archived
132. In-Vehicle Information Systems Behavioral Model and Design Support: Final Report · 2000 · Hankey, J. M. et al. · archived
133. Multiple factors on driving load in mountain area at night based on factor analysis · 2024 · Li, Hao et al. · archived
134. Evaluation of a Method to Estimate Driving Workload in Real Time: Watching Video Clips Versus Simulated Driving · 2011 · Green, Paul et al. · archived
135. Overload depending on driving experience and situation complexity: Which strategies faced with a pedestrian crossing? · 2015 · Paxion, Julie et al. · archived
136. The Effects of Cognitive and Visual Workload on Peripheral Detection in the Detection Response Task ↗ · 2018 · van Winsum, Wim · indexed
137. Human Impact of Visual Detail in Vehicle Lane-Keeping System Communication ↗ · 2025 · Lee, Yu Chul et al. · indexed
138. Perceptual Load Induces Inattentional Blindness in Drivers ↗ · 2016 · Murphy, Gillian et al. · indexed
139. Road Hazard Stimuli: Annotated naturalistic road videos for studying hazard and scene perception ↗ · 2023 · Song, Jiali et al. · indexed
140. Quantitative effects of overlay clutter and information access effort: Examining the scan-clutter trade-off in displays with geospatial maps. · 2024 · Warden, Amelia C. et al. · archived
141. Using an Integrated Cognitive Architecture to Model the Effect of Environmental Complexity on Drivers’ Situation Awareness ↗ · 2019 · Rehman, Umair et al. · indexed
142. Occlusion as a measure for visual workload: an overview of TNO occlusion research in car driving ↗ · 2004 · van der Horst, Richard · indexed
143. Measuring mental workload with the NASA-TLX needs to examine each dimension rather than relying on the global score: an example with driving · 2017 · Galy, Édith et al. · archived
144. Drivers have Impaired Working Memory under High Cognitive Load and Visual Distraction: Safety Implications for Transitions of Control from Vehicle Automation ↗ · 2026 · Goncalves, Rafael Cirino et al. · indexed
145. High perceptual load causes inattentional blindness and deafness in drivers ↗ · 2015 · Murphy, Gillian et al. · indexed
146. ROAD ENVIRONMENT AND VISUAL ANTICIPATION OF A COLLISION DURING SELF-MOTION ↗ · 1999 · Berthelon, Catherine et al. · indexed
147. Visuospatial Workload Measurement of an Interface Based on a Dual Task of Visual Working Memory Test ↗ · 2016 · Miura, Takahiro et al. · indexed
148. Studying the effects of freeway alignment, traffic flow, and sign information on subjective driving workload and performance ↗ · 2019 · Xie, Lian et al. · indexed
149. A data set of real world driving to assess driver workload ↗ · 2013 · Schneegass, Stefan et al. · indexed
150. Smart Driving Assistance Systems: Designing and Evaluating Ecological and Conventional Displays ↗ · 2017 · Birrell, Stewart A. et al. · indexed
151. Perception of the visual environment · 2016 · Tatler, Benjamin W. · archived
152. Task analysis of intersection driving scenarios : information processing bottlenecks · 2006 · Richard, Christian M. et al. · archived
153. The effects of information relevancy on driving behavior ↗ · 2020 · Nilsson, Henrik et al. · indexed
154. Mental Workload as a Function of Traffic Density: Comparison of Physiological, Behavioral, and Subjective Indices · 2003 · Baldwin, Carryl L et al. · archived
155. Assessment of Contextual Complexity and Risk Using Unsupervised Clustering Approaches with Dynamic Traffic Condition Data Obtained from Autonomous Vehicles · 2024 · Ogle, Jennifer H et al. · archived
156. Visual demand of curves and fog-limited sight distance and its relationship to brake response time. · 2006 · Cullinane, Brian et al. · archived
157. Micromodel for Objective Estimation of Driver Mental Workload from Task Data ↗ · 1998 · Zeitlin, Lawrence R. · indexed
158. Estimating the Workload of Driving Using Video Clips as Anchors ↗ · 2022 · Green, Paul · indexed
159. Investigating the impact of static roadside advertising on drivers' situation awareness ↗ · 2017 · Young, Kristie L. et al. · indexed
160. Exploring the impact of display types of information about autonomous driving in semi-autonomous vehicles on drivers’ situation awareness and take-over performance under different driving scenarios · 2025 · Zhou, Chengmin et al. · archived
161. Driving on the tail of catastrophe; Towards an understanding of the risk managing interaction between driver, vehicle, automation, traffic, and infrastructure ↗ · 2006 · Boer, Erwin · indexed
162. Evaluation of driver visual demand at different design speeds on complex two-dimensional rural highway alignments ↗ · 2021 · Muneeb, Ahmad · indexed
163. Sensitivity of Detection Response Task (DRT) to the Driving Demand and Task Difficulty · 2013 · Bruyas, Marie-Pierre et al. · archived
164. What's on your mind? A Mental and Perceptual Load Estimation Framework towards Adaptive In-vehicle Interaction while Driving · 2022 · Gomaa, Amr et al. · archived
165. How Perceptual and Cognitive Factors are Involved in a Car Accident: A Case Study ↗ · 2011 · Dominguez, Vanessa et al. · indexed
166. The effects of driving environment complexity and dual tasking on drivers’ mental workload and eye blink behavior ↗ · 2016 · Faure, Vérane et al. · indexed
167. The interplay between cognitive load and driving in scenarios of daily commuting ↗ · 2022 · Felisberti, Fatima Maria et al. · indexed
168. Evaluation of the driver’s mental workload: a necessity in a perspective of in-vehicle system design for road safety improvement · 2014 · Pauzié, Annie · archived
169. Comprehensive Modeling and Evaluation of Workload in Driving Simulation Using the VACP Paradigm · 2026 · Aygun, Ayca et al. · archived
170. Mental workload and information management ↗ · 2003 · Smiley, A. · indexed
171. Quantitative Study on Road Traffic Environment Complexity under Car-Following Condition ↗ · 2022 · Liu, Wenlong et al. · indexed
172. Holistically Identifying Road Complexity and Relating It to Fatal Crashes · 2025 · Wang, Meng et al. · archived
173. Visual Demand of Driving Curves as Determined by Visual Occlusion ↗ · 1980 · Tsimhoni, Omer et al. · indexed
174. Driver’s Mental Workload Measurement Concerning Cognitive Channels ↗ · 2020 · Chen, Weiya et al. · indexed
175. Visual-haptic interfaces in car design at BMW ↗ · 2008 · Bernstein, Alec et al. · indexed
176. Let Complexity Bring Clarity: A Multidimensional Assessment of Cognitive Load Using Physiological Measures · 2022 · Nilsson, Emma J. et al. · archived
177. Reading During Fully Automated Driving: A Study of the Effect of Peripheral Visual and Haptic Information on Situation Awareness and Mental Workload · 2022 · Yusof, Nidzamuddin Md. et al. · archived
178. Road Environment Monotony Evaluation Based on MPEG Compression Technique ↗ · 2010 · Mao, Kejun et al. · indexed
179. Assessment of Drivers’ Mental Workload by Multimodal Measures during Auditory-Based Dual-Task Driving Scenarios ↗ · 2024 · Huang, Jiaqi et al. · indexed
180. Using the ISO Detection response task to measure the cognitive load of driving four separate vehicles on two distinct highways ↗ · 2024 · Biondi, Francesco N. et al. · indexed
181. Driving Performance, Adaptation, and Cognitive Workload Costs of Logo Panel Detection as Mediated by Driver Age · 2017 · Lau, Mei Ying et al. · archived
182. Brain Waves Measurement Based Evaluation of Mental Workload Related to Visual Information While Driving ↗ · 2011 · Gheorghe, Lucian Andrei et al. · indexed
183. Freeway Guide Sign Performance at Complex Interchanges: Reducing Information Overload · 2024 · Li, Yingfeng (Eric) et al. · archived
184. Driver Situation Awareness and Cognitive Workload Effects of Novel Interchange Configurations and Associated Signage · 2022 · Liu, Yunmei et al. · archived
185. Effects of In-Vehicle Messaging on Mental Workload During Driving through Work Zones · 2017 · Craig, Curtis M et al. · archived
186. Event-related potentials as indices of mental workload while using an in-vehicle information system · 2018 · Solís-Marcos, I. et al. · archived
187. Study of road safety from the position of driver information load ↗ · 2024 · Pugachev, I. N. et al. · indexed
188. Assessment of Drivers' Workload: Performance and Subjective and Physiological Indexes ↗ · 2000 · Brookhuis, Karel A. et al. · indexed
189. Cognitive workload evaluation of landmarks and routes using virtual reality · 2022 · Abdurrahman, Usman Alhaji et al. · archived
190. Investigation of Driver Comprehension of Traffic Information on Graphical Congestion Display Panels using a Driving Simulator · 2004 · Richards, Andy et al. · archived
191. Evaluating Driver Distraction Factors in Urban Motorways. A Naturalistic Study Conducted in Attica Tollway, Greece ↗ · 2016 · Misokefalou, Eleni et al. · indexed
192. Simulated Driving Environment Impacts Mind Wandering ↗ · 2015 · Geden, Michael et al. · indexed
193. Evaluation of Driver Performance and Distraction during use of in-vehicle Signing Information ↗ · 2013 · Creaser, Janet et al. · indexed
194. Estimates of Driver Mental Workload: A Long-Term Field Trial of Two Subsidiary Tasks ↗ · 1995 · Zeitlin, Lawrence R. · indexed
195. Extending the Detection Response Task to Simultaneously Measure Cognitive and Visual Task Demands ↗ · 2016 · Strayer, David L. · indexed
196. Driving Comfort Evaluation of Urban Road from Driver’s Visual Perception ↗ · 2015 · Yu, Bo et al. · indexed
197. Loading Drivers to Their Limit: The Effect of Increasing Secondary Task On Driving ↗ · 2003 · Merat, Natasha · indexed
198. Attentional demand and processing of relevant visual information during simulated driving: A MEG study ↗ · 2010 · Fort, Alexandra et al. · indexed
199. Mental Workload Beyond Computational Complexity ↗ · 2000 · Tsang, Pamela S. · indexed
200. Did You See That? A Study of Change Blindness ↗ · 2003 · Smyser, Tara et al. · indexed
201. Beyond gaze fixation: Modeling peripheral vision in relation to speed, Tesla Autopilot, cognitive load, and age in highway driving ↗ · 2022 · Yang, Shiyan et al. · indexed
202. Assessing Road Sign Perception: A Methodological Review ↗ · 2000 · Martens, Marieke · indexed
203. Connecting road environment features and driver glance behavior in the macro level: Surrounding vehicle patterns, traffic density, and driver eye-glance behaviors ↗ · 2014 · Tian, Renran et al. · indexed
204. Effects of Cognitive Distraction and Driving Environment Complexity on Adaptive Cruise Control Use and Its Impact on Driving Performance: A Simulator Study · 2025 · Halin, Anaïs et al. · archived
205. Mathematical Definitions of Scene and Scenario for Analysis of Automated Driving Systems in Mixed-Traffic Simulations · 2021 · Andreotti, Eleonora et al. · archived
206. Estimation of traffic sign visibility considering local and global features in a driving environment ↗ · 2014 · Doman, Keisuke et al. · indexed
207. Addressing the impact of road scheme complexity on the driver: development of a software tool to analyse driver workload arising from its road features and other infrastructure ↗ · 2010 · Mckenzie-Kerr, A. et al. · indexed
208. An Evaluation of the IVIS-DEMAnD Driver Attention Demand Model ↗ · 2002 · Jackson, Douglas L. et al. · indexed
209. Situation Awareness in Driving ↗ · 2025 · Endsley, Mica R. et al. · indexed
210. Understanding Driver Response Patterns to Mental Workload Increase in Typical Driving Scenarios ↗ · 2018 · Liao, Yuan et al. · indexed
211. Computational Models for Workload Analysis of Driving Tasks ↗ · 2021 · Handley, Holly et al. · indexed
212. Information Processing in the Visual Periphery: Influence of Mental Workload ↗ · 1984 · Acosta, Enrique et al. · indexed
213. Evaluation of driver visual demand at different traffic volumes on complex two-dimensional multi-lane highway alignments ↗ · 2023 · Kadoury, Lisa · indexed
214. The effect of cognitive load on Detection-Response Task (DRT) performance during day- and night-time driving: A driving simulator study with young and older drivers ↗ · 2023 · Ozturk, Ibrahim et al. · indexed
215. Driver Reliability Assessment Based Mental Workload ↗ · 2009 · Tang, Zhihui et al. · indexed
216. Finding Workload in the Wild: Recovering Latent Cognitive Dynamics Jointly from Eye Metrics and Driving Telemetry ↗ · 2026 · Yamashita, Jumpei et al. · indexed
217. Determination of Threshold of Road Nodes on Full-Span Overhead Variable Message Signs Based on Driver Visual Cognition Characteristics ↗ · 2025 · Zhao, Zilong et al. · indexed
218. Comparative analysis of mental workload and performance between young and elderly drivers: Implications for road safety and age-related driving challenges ↗ · 2024 · Entezarizarch, Elham et al. · indexed
219. A Statistical and Machine Learning Approach to Assess Contextual Complexity of the Driving Environment Using Autonomous Vehicle Data— Technology Transfer Activities · 2024 · Ogle, Jennifer H et al. · archived
220. Evaluation of advertisement existence toward attention and understanding level vehicle driver ↗ · 2018 · Budiawan, Wiwik et al. · indexed
221. Psychophysiological evidence of mental workload and subjective anxiety from in-vehicle voice message complexity ↗ · 2026 · Restuputri, Dian Palupi et al. · indexed
222. Sensitivity evaluation of the visual, tactile, and auditory detection response task method while driving ↗ · 2016 · Stojmenova, Kristina et al. · indexed
223. Landscape heritage objects’ effect on driving: A combined driving simulator and questionnaire study ↗ · 2014 · Antonson, Hans et al. · indexed
224. STUDY OF TARGET VISIBILITY ON THE ROAD WITH DRIVING AS WORKLOAD ↗ · 2019 · CAO, DEWEI et al. · indexed
225. Vehicle Iconic Surround Observer: Visualization platform for intelligent driver support applications ↗ · 2010 · Morris, Brendan et al. · indexed
226. Mapping Mental Load in Car Driving ↗ · 1978 · WILDERVANCK, C. et al. · indexed
227. Effects of extra information on TV viewers' visual attention, message processing ability, and cognitive workload ↗ · 2007 · Kallenbach, Jan et al. · indexed
228. Driver cognitive workload estimation: a data-driven perspective ↗ · 2005 · Yilu Zhang et al. · indexed
229. Vision-Language Hazard Reasoning for Driver Distraction and Workload Estimation ↗ · 2025 · Ng, Shu-Kay et al. · indexed
230. Estimation of Driver Workload Based on a Model of Accelerator Pedal Control While Controlling Vehicle Velocity ↗ · 2016 · Hamaguchi, Takeshi et al. · indexed
231. Environmental Cues Involved in the Visual Anticipation of a Collision ↗ · 2000 · Catherine, Berthelon et al. · indexed
232. Effect of highway directional signs on driver mental workload and behavior using eye movement and brain wave ↗ · 2020 · Yang, Yanqun et al. · indexed
233. Fluctuating Attentional Demand in a Simulated Driving Assessment: The Roles of Age and Driving Complexity ↗ · 2011 · Stinchcombe, Arne et al. · indexed
234. Assessment of driving task complexity of automated vehicles based on information entropy ↗ · 2022 · Liu, Qi et al. · indexed
235. Cognitive States Matter: Design Guidelines for Driving Situation Awareness in Smart Vehicles ↗ · 2020 · Park, Daehee et al. · indexed
236. EEG-Based Mental Workload Neurometric to Evaluate the Impact of Different Traffic and Road Conditions in Real Driving Settings ↗ · 2018 · Di Flumeri, Gianluca et al. · indexed
237. The Visual Scanning Behavior and Mental Workload of Drivers at Prairie Highway Intersections With Different Characteristics ↗ · 2022 · Lyu, Zhen et al. · indexed
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239. Cognitive processing of bilingual traffic signs: an eye-tracking study in a driving simulator ↗ · 2026 · David, Maximilian et al. · indexed
240. Ageing drivers’ mental workload in real-time driving tasks based on subjective and objective measures · 2021 · Rahman, Nurul Izzah Abd et al. · archived
241. Measuring linguistically-induced cognitive load during driving using the ConTRe task ↗ · 2013 · Demberg, Vera et al. · indexed
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243. Traffic and Ratings of Driver Workload: The Effect of the Number of Vehicles and Their Distance Headways ↗ · 2019 · Liu, Ke et al. · indexed
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246. Naturalistic Driving: User and Task Analysis ↗ · 2003 · Ward, P et al. · indexed
247. Blinking and Driving: the Influence of Saccades and Cognitive Workload · 2013 · Cardona, Genís et al. · archived
248. Mental workload when driving in a simulator: Effects of age and driving complexity ↗ · 2009 · Cantin, Vincent et al. · indexed
249. More than the Useful Field: Considering peripheral vision in driving ↗ · 2017 · Wolfe, Benjamin et al. · indexed
250. An embodied and ecological approach to skill acquisition in racecar driving · 2023 · Ziv, Gal · archived
251. Multidimensional Measure of Display Clutter and Pilot Performance for Advanced Head-up Display ↗ · 2011 · Kim, Sang-Hwan et al. · indexed
252. Structural Equation Modeling of Drivers’ Situation Awareness Considering Road and Driver Factors ↗ · 2020 · Yang, Yanqun et al. · indexed
253. Prediction of driver’s workload by means of fuzzy techniques ↗ · 2012 · Pellegrino, Orazio · indexed
254. Change Detection Performance Under Divided Attention with Dynamic Driving Scenarios ↗ · 2005 · Lee, Yi-Ching et al. · indexed
255. Assessing Energy-Related Situation Awareness Using Self-Controlled Occlusion During Electric Vehicle Driving Scenes · 2024 · Gödker, Markus et al. · archived
256. Effect of Cognitive Demand on Functional Visual Field Performance in Senior Drivers with Glaucoma ↗ · 2017 · Gangeddula, Viswa et al. · indexed
257. Monotony of road environment and driver fatigue: a simulator study ↗ · 2003 · Thiffault, Pierre et al. · indexed
258. Analysis of Freeway Safety Influencing Factors on Driving Workload and Performance Based on the Gray Correlation Method ↗ · 2021 · Xie, Lian et al. · indexed
259. Multi-section landscape intervention for driving fatigue in extra-long tunnels: A real-road driving study based on visual perception and adaptation ↗ · 2025 · Ding, Xu et al. · indexed
260. The Influence of Conversation, Low-Dose Alcohol and Driving Experience on the Peripheral Vision System ↗ · 2001 · Langer, Peter et al. · indexed
261. The Driver Prioritisation Questionnaire: Exploring drivers’ self-report visual priorities in a range of driving scenarios ↗ · 2008 · Konstantopoulos, Panos et al. · indexed
262. Assessing Perceptual Load and Cognitive Load by Fixation-Related Information of Eye Movements ↗ · 2022 · Liu, Jung-Chun et al. · indexed
263. Driver experience and cognitive workload in different traffic environments ↗ · 2006 · Patten, Christopher J.D. et al. · indexed
264. The Influence of Individual Differences in Perceptual Performance on Pilot Perceptions of Head-Up Display Clutter ↗ · 2010 · Kaufmann, Karl et al. · indexed
265. Does driving experience delay overload threshold as a function of situation complexity ↗ · 2013 · Paxion, Julie et al. · indexed
266. Study on Drivers’ Visual Load Features in Lighting Environments of Interior Zones of Extra-Long Tunnels over 10 km ↗ · 2022 · Zhou, Yuantao et al. · indexed
267. Roadside advertisements and driver distraction: A comprehensive review of effects on driving performance ↗ · 2026 · Sorum, Neero Gumsar et al. · indexed
268. Classifying driver workload using physiological and driving performance data ↗ · 2014 · Solovey, Erin T. et al. · indexed
269. Scenario Fidelity and Perceived Driver Mental Workload: Can Workload Assessment be Crowdsourced? ↗ · 2023 · Jiang, Haoyan et al. · indexed
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271. ANALYSIS ON THE INFLUENCE OF ACCUMULATION EFFECT OF LANDSCAPE COLOR ON TRAFFIC SAFETY IN THE FOGGY SECTIONS OF EXPRESSWAYS · 2017 · Li, Xiaolei et al. · archived
272. Authoring critical situations for assessing driving ability among drivers with visual field defects ↗ · 2015 · Peters, Björn et al. · indexed
273. Clutter costs in head-mounted displays: a study examining trade-offs between overlay and adjacent presentation of information · 2025 · Warden, Amelia C. et al. · archived
274. Detection of driver visual field narrowing ↗ · 2013 · Barby, K. et al. · indexed
275. Is less really more? A user study on visual in-vehicle information systems in automated vehicles from a user experience and usability perspective ↗ · 2022 · Stojmenova, Kristina et al. · indexed
276. The role of highlighting in visual search through maps ↗ · 2004 · Martens, Marieke et al. · indexed
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278. The Effects of Landmark Salience on Drivers’ Spatial Cognition and Takeover Performance in Autonomous Driving Scenarios ↗ · 2025 · Liu, Xianyun et al. · indexed
279. Extracting Features from Driving Scenarios for Driving Workload Level Classification - A Case Study of Transfer Learning ↗ · 2021 · Liu, Yongkang et al. · indexed
280. Mental Workload in Truck Driving: A NASA-TLX and HRV-Based Comparison Across Day-Night and Rural-Urban Conditions · 2025 · Hastiya Annisa Fitri et al. · archived
281. Effects of Fog in a Brazilian Road Segment Analyzed by a Driving Simulator for Sustainable Transport: Drivers’ Visual Profile ↗ · 2021 · Calsavara, Felipe et al. · indexed
282. Research on the Efficiency of Visual Search for Car Interface Icons Based on Visual Complexity and Spatial Frequency · 2023 · Gong, Yong et al. · archived
283. Driving on Rough Surface Requires Care and Attention · 2017 · Kawamura, Akira et al. · archived
284. Display Clutter ↗ · 2014 · Moacdieh, Nadine Marie et al. · indexed
285. A study on the cognitive workload characteristics according to the driving behavior in the urban road ↗ · 2018 · Kim, HyunSuk et al. · indexed
286. Effects of Color Commonality of Overlay Clutter and Information Access Effort on Tasks Requiring Visual Search · 2023 · Warden, Amelia C. et al. · archived
287. The influence of landscape intervention used as an alertness maintaining ‘tool’ on driving behaviour ↗ · 2021 · Zhang, Yu‐Le et al. · indexed
288. On Driver's Workload in Dangerous Scenes Based on EEG Data ↗ · 2020 · Tan, Jiyuan et al. · indexed
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290. How to Use Driving Simulators Properly: Impacts of Human Sensory and Perceptual Capabilities on Visual Fidelity ↗ · 2018 · Zhao, Xi et al. · indexed
291. 2103 Study on Construction of Driver-Assist System on Highway (Second Report) ↗ · 2011 · KOBAYASHI, Yoshinori et al. · indexed
292. The Role of Highlighting in Visual Search Through Maps ↗ · 2004 · Wickens, Christopher D. et al. · indexed
293. Effect of roadside billboards on driving performance: a driving simulator study ↗ · 2026 · Rao, Annamdasu Nageswara et al. · indexed
294. Does visual-audio feedback impair response performance and increase workload? using detection response task and NASA-TLX to examine the effect of the HMI information on driver performance at unsignalized intersections ↗ · 2025 · Ju, Yunjie et al. · indexed
295. Outdoor Advertising Influence on Perception of Driver Road Conditions ↗ · 2016 · Parshutina, Marina Vyacheslavovna et al. · indexed
296. Discount Driver Mental Workload Assessment ↗ · 2024 · Jiang, Haoyan et al. · indexed
297. Influencing Factors and Variation of Subjective Workload in the Process of Takeover During Autonomous Driving ↗ · 2021 · Ma, Yinbo et al. · indexed
298. An Approach for the Selection and Description of Elements Used to Define Driving Scenarios · 2021 · Rao, Sughosh J. et al. · archived
299. Evaluating the Influence of Ambient State of a Car on the Cognitive Distracted State of the Driver ↗ · 2018 · Koma, Hiroaki et al. · indexed
300. Effects of In-vehicle Information on Driver Blink Characteristics and Workload · 2019 · WU, Ling et al. · archived
301. Improving safety through online driver workload assessment ↗ · 2008 · Younsi, Karine et al. · indexed
302. Cognitive psychology in traffic safety ↗ · 2023 · Vilchez, Jose Luis et al. · indexed
303. Selective Visual Attention during Multiple-Process Control ↗ · 1997 · Fleischer, A G · indexed
304. Automatic Inference of Driving Task Demand from Visual Cues of Emotion and Attention ↗ · 2022 · Soro, Alessandro et al. · indexed
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306. Relation between Mental Workload and Visual Information Processing ↗ · 2015 · Wang, Jian et al. · indexed
307. Effects of Viewpoint Presentation Methods on Driving Workload in Vehicle Teleoperation Systems · 2026 · Fukuzawa, Taiga et al. · archived
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310. Route Ahead Visibility Mapping: A method to model how far ahead a motorist may view a designated route ↗ · 2010 · Bartie, Phil et al. · indexed
311. Cluttered screens: an eye-tracking study of visual attention allocation among viewers of TV news ↗ · 2025 · Hensellek, Jan · indexed
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313. Relating the Detection Response Task to Critical Events – Consequences of high Cognitive Workload to Brake Reaction Times ↗ · 2015 · Mantzke, Odette et al. · indexed
314. An Eye-tracking Evaluation of Driver Distraction and Unfamiliar Road Signs ↗ · 2016 · Hurtado, Stephanie et al. · indexed
315. Drivers’ Workload Electroencephalogram Characteristics in Cognitive Tasks Based on Improved Multiscale Sample Entropy ↗ · 2023 · Liu, Ruiwei et al. · indexed
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317. 'To See or Not to See?' How Do Eye Movements Change Within Immersive Driving Environments ↗ · 2014 · Reich, Diana et al. · indexed
318. Unpacking the relationship between task complexity and driving risk: Insights from a UK on-road trial ↗ · 2025 · Papazikou, Evita et al. · indexed
319. THE EFFECT OF FIELD OF VIEW AND SURFACE TEXTURE ON DRIVER STEERING PERFORMANCE ↗ · 1999 · Chatziastros, A et al. · indexed
320. Evaluation of Driver Visual Demand on Three-Dimensional Rural Highway Alignments ↗ · 2021 · He, Wen Long · indexed
321. Cardiac Measures of Driver Workload during Simulated Driving with and without Visual Occlusion ↗ · 2003 · Backs, Richard W et al. · indexed
322. Understanding the risk factors of driving dilemmas at urban tunnel exits adjoining diverging areas: A naturalistic study ↗ · 2026 · He, Shiming et al. · indexed
323. The association between physiological and eye-tracking metrics and cognitive load in drivers: A meta-analysis · 2024 · Wang, Ange et al. · archived
324. The effect of billboard design specifications on driving: A driving simulator study ↗ · 2020 · Marciano, Hadas · indexed
325. Effects of Visual Scene Complexity on Neural Signatures of Spatial Attention ↗ · 2020 · Bonacci, Lia M. et al. · indexed
326. Cognitive Load Estimation in the Wild ↗ · 2018 · Fridman, Lex et al. · indexed
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328. The Importance of Cueing While Visually Searching a 360 Degree Environment for Multiple Targets in the Context of Autonomous Driving · 2025 · Wickens, C. D. et al. · archived
329. Clustering Method of Driving Scenes based on Road Shape by using Road Map Images ↗ · 2023 · Hashimoto, Kohjiro et al. · indexed
330. Simulation Analysis on Driving Behavior during Traffic Sign Recognition ↗ · 2011 · Sun, Lishan et al. · indexed
331. The Impact of Auditory Task Complexity on Primary Task Performance in Military Land Vehicle Crew ↗ · 2014 · Lenné, Michael G et al. · indexed
332. Perception of relative distance in a driving simulator^1,2 ↗ · 2005 · BAUMBERGER, BERNARD et al. · indexed
333. The Impact of Situational Complexity and Familiarity on Takeover Quality in Uncritical Highly Automated Driving Scenarios ↗ · 2020 · Scharfe, Marlene Susanne Lisa et al. · indexed
334. Visual Search for Traffic Signs: The Effects of Clutter, Luminance, and Aging ↗ · 2001 · Ho, Geoffrey et al. · indexed
335. Perceptual Evaluation of Driving Scene Segmentation ↗ · 2021 · Ding, Li et al. · indexed
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337. The Relative Importance of Pictorial and Nonpictorial Distance Cues for Driver Vision ↗ · 2001 · Flannagan, Michael J et al. · indexed
338. Using electroencephalography to analyse drivers’ different cognitive workload characteristics based on on-road experiment · 2023 · Liu, Ruiwei et al. · archived
339. Human interaction with automotive technologies: specification and measurement of driver abilities ↗ · 2001 · Middleton, H. · indexed
340. Designing for Consistency ↗ · 2011 · Mendel, Jeremy et al. · indexed
341. Predicting cognitive load in immersive driving scenarios with a hybrid CNN-RNN model · 2024 · Khan, Mehshan Ahmed et al. · archived
342. Safety Assessment of Adjacent Roads Sections via Maximum Entropy Driver's Perception Field · 2020 · Kulbashna, Nadiia et al. · archived
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344. Visual Complexity and Its Effects on Referring Expression Generation ↗ · 2018 · Elsner, Micha et al. · indexed
345. Do cognitive load and ADHD traits affect the tendency to prioritise social information in scenes? · 2022 · Martinez-Cedillo, Astrid Priscilla et al. · archived
346. A Relationship Between Visual Complexity and Aesthetic Appraisal of Car Front Images: An Eye-Tracker Study ↗ · 2015 · Chassy, Philippe et al. · indexed
347. Visual Information Design in Virtual Environments and Its Importance in Cognitive Load and Learning ↗ · 2022 · Teresa Olalde Ramos, Mara et al. · indexed
348. Data Base Overlay in Electronic Map Design: Testing a Computational Model ↗ · 2000 · Wickens, Christopher D. et al. · indexed
349. Visualizing Road Appearance Properties in Driving Video ↗ · 2016 · Wang, Zheyuan et al. · indexed
350. Do cognitive load and ADHD traits affect the tendency to prioritise social information in scenes? ↗ · 2021 · Martinez-Cedillo, Astrid Priscilla et al. · indexed
351. Structural considerations and cognitive complexity in air traffic control ↗ · 2003 · Histon, J.M. et al. · indexed
352. What affects fixations during image viewing? Working memory load, saliency, and ADHD-like traits ↗ · 2020 · Cedillo, Astrid Priscilla Martinez et al. · indexed
353. Effective Variety? for whom (or what)? A folk theory on interface complexity and situation awareness ↗ · 2017 · Dorton, Stephen et al. · indexed
354. Road-Feature-Based Multiparameter Road Complexity Calculation Model of Off-Road Environment ↗ · 2018 · Zhao, Yanan et al. · indexed
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356. Complexity in Air Traffic Control Towers: A Field Study Part 1— Complexity Factors · 2003 · Koros, Anton et al. · archived
357. Perceptual load in sport and the heuristic value of the perceptual load paradigm in examining expertise-related perceptual-cognitive adaptations ↗ · 2012 · Furley, Philip et al. · indexed
358. Effects of Visual Fidelity on Task Performance and Mental Workload in IVEs ↗ · 2025 · Im, Jin-Bin et al. · indexed
359. No Evidence for a Negative Effect of Realism When Learning About a Process Despite an Increase in Cognitive Load ↗ · 2024 · Skulmowski, Alexander · indexed
360. In the working memory of the beholder: Art appreciation is enhanced when visual complexity is compatible with working memory. ↗ · 2015 · Sherman, Aleksandra et al. · indexed
361. Understanding the Determinants of Problem-Solving Behavior in a Complex Environment ↗ · 1994 · Casner, Stephen M. · indexed
362. Scaling up visual attention and visual working memory to the real world ↗ · 2020 · Brady, Timothy F. et al. · indexed
363. ‘The load of diversity’: Cognitive load of lessons on biodiversity and classification in the biology textbooks of five different states of India ↗ · 2019 · Machaiah, Akhila Chawadimane et al. · indexed
364. How do you get there from here? Mental representations of route descriptions ↗ · 1999 · Schneider, Laura F. et al. · indexed
365. The Cognitive Ecology of Learning: Attentional Fragmentation, Cognitive Malnourishment, and Cognitive Endurance in Technology-Rich Secondary Science Classrooms ↗ · 2026 · Morales, Christopher · indexed
366. The Information Overload Effect - Interaction Effect of Information Quantity and Quality on Information Overload ↗ · 2026 · Graf, Benedikt et al. · indexed
367. Identifying and Localizing Multiple Objects Using Artificial Ventral and Dorsal Cortical Visual Pathways ↗ · 2023 · Han, Zhixian et al. · indexed
368. Cognitive Load Theory and the Format of Instruction ↗ · 1991 · Chandler, Paul et al. · indexed
369. Design and Validation of a Synthetic Task Environment to Study Dynamic Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Re-Planning ↗ · 2009 · Cook, Maia B. et al. · indexed
370. Adaptive Visualization of Complex Networks with FocalPoint ↗ · 2016 · Inibhunu, Catherine et al. · indexed
371. Air traffic complexity indicators & ATC sectors classification ↗ · 2003 · Christien, R. et al. · indexed
372. Effects of different text display types on reading comprehension, sustained attention and cognitive load in mobile reading contexts ↗ · 2014 · Chen, Chih-Ming et al. · indexed
373. Naïve Realism: Limits of Realism as a Display Principle ↗ · 2005 · Smallman, Harvey S. et al. · indexed
374. How reading in single- and multiple-column types influence our cognitive load: an EEG study ↗ · 2019 · Al-Samarraie, Hosam et al. · indexed
375. Assessing the objective and subjective impacts of nature for reducing cognitive fatigue ↗ · 2025 · Marois, Alexandre et al. · indexed
376. The effects of video lecture viewing strategies on cognitive load ↗ · 2020 · Costley, Jamie et al. · indexed
377. A Geometry-Aware Road-Constrained Framework for Weed Quantification and Operational Workload Assessment in Vineyard Roads ↗ · 2026 · Wang, Yunfei et al. · indexed
378. Optimising learning from animations by minimising cognitive load: cognitive and affective consequences of signalling and segmentation methods ↗ · 2007 · Moreno, Roxana · indexed
379. The use of illustrations when learning to read: A cognitive load theory approach ↗ · 2010 · Torcasio, Susannah et al. · indexed
380. Illustrations Before Text Reduce Visuospatial Working Memory Load During Text Processing ↗ · 2020 · Schüler, Anne et al. · indexed
381. Restorative effects of small urban parks: a multi-method study using eye-tracking and psychophysiological measures in Fuzhou, China ↗ · 2025 · Weng, Yuxi et al. · indexed
382. Multimedia Learning in a Second Language: A Cognitive Load Perspective ↗ · 2014 · Mayer, Richard E. et al. · indexed
383. Assessment of multi-driver human interventions on streamflow and its components based on information and complexity metrics ↗ · 2026 · Du, Xinyue et al. · indexed
384. Analyzing watershed system state through runoff complexity and driver interactions using multiscale entropy and deep learning ↗ · 2024 · Liu, Xintong et al. · indexed
385. Fractal analysis of urban growth in complex systems ↗ · 2024 · Abid, Rana · indexed
386. Landscape drivers and spatial scale predict epiphyte biodiversity across human-modified landscapes ↗ · 2022 · PARRA-SANCHEZ, Edicson et al. · indexed
387. Path Planning Method for UAVs Based on Constrained Polygonal Space and an Extremely Sparse Waypoint Graph ↗ · 2021 · Majeed, Abdul et al. · indexed
388. Organization versus Space: The Paradoxical Geographies of the Digital Economy ↗ · 2008 · Moriset, Bruno et al. · indexed
389. Enhanced Multi-UAV Path Planning in Complex Environments With Voronoi-Based Obstacle Modelling and Q-Learning ↗ · 2024 · Su, Wenjia et al. · indexed