automaticity skill acquisition

Automaticity and skill acquisition: controlled versus automatic processing (Schneider and Shiffrin), stages of skill learning (Fitts and Posner: cognitive, associative, autonomous), practice effects and the power law of learning, expertise development, proceduralization, and transfer of learned skill to new tasks. The foundational learning construct, distinct from novice_drivers (a driver population) and from driver_education_effectiveness (training program evaluation); this is how any complex skill becomes automatic with practice.

148 paper(s) · ranked by relevance to this topic

1. Skill and automaticity: Relations, implications, and future directions. · 1985 · Logan, Gordon D. · archived
2. Toward an instance theory of automatization. ↗ · 1988 · Logan, Gordon D. · indexed
3. On the Road to Automatic: Dynamic Aspects in the Development of Expertise ↗ · 2004 · Milton, John G. et al. · indexed
4. Task Automation and Skill Development in a Simplified Driving Task ↗ · 2000 · Ward, Nicholas J. · indexed
5. Practice and working memory effects in building procedural skill. ↗ · 1989 · Carlson, Richard A. et al. · indexed
6. Automaticity, Resources, and Memory: Theoretical Controversies and Practical Implications ↗ · 1988 · Logan, Gordon D. · indexed
7. A Perceptual Learning Approach to Skill Transfer for Manual Control. ↗ · 1985 · Lintern, Gavan · indexed
8. Preperformance State, Routines, and Automaticity: What Does It Take to Realize Expertise in Self-Paced Events? ↗ · 2001 · Singer, Robert N. · indexed
9. Pay attention, 007! how will future vehicle technology affect drivers of all skill levels? ↗ · 2020 · Young, Mark S. et al. · indexed
10. Journey's End: Will Vehicle Automation Make Skilled Drivers Redundant? ↗ · 2000 · Young, Mark S. et al. · indexed
11. Learning and Development of Mental Models during Interactions with Driving Automation: A Simulator Study ↗ · 2019 · Forster, Yannick et al. · indexed
12. Automaticity and Preattentive Processing ↗ · 1992 · Treisman, Anne et al. · indexed
13. Components of driving skill: experience does not mean expertise ↗ · 1991 · DUNCAN, JOHN et al. · indexed
14. Motor Performance, Mental Workload and Self-Efficacy Dynamics during Learning of Reaching Movements throughout Multiple Practice Sessions ↗ · 2019 · Shuggi, Isabelle M. et al. · indexed
15. Learning by Doing: Understanding Skill Acquisition through Skill Acquisition ↗ · 2010 · McLaughlin, Anne Collins et al. · indexed
16. Refining the law of practice. · 2018 · Evans, Nathan J. et al. · archived
17. Attention control: explorations of the work of an executive controller ↗ · 1996 · Gopher, Daniel · indexed
18. Notice of Removal A driver model as the supervisory controller in a vehicle system: Human factors integration to control ↗ · 2015 · Togai, Kazuhide et al. · indexed
19. Automaticity: A Theoretical and Conceptual Analysis. · 2006 · Moors, Agnes et al. · archived
20. Conceptions of Ability Affect Motor Learning ↗ · 2009 · Wulf, Gabriele et al. · indexed
21. Automaticity and Preattentive Processing  ↗ · 2012 · Treisman, Anne et al. · indexed
22. Repealing the power law: the case for an exponential law of practice · 2000 · Heathcote, Andrew et al. · archived
23. LEARNING FROM LEARNING : PRINCIPLES FOR SUPPORTING DRIVERS ↗ · 1991 · Groeger, John A. · indexed
24. Part-Task Training for Tracking and Manual Control · 2017 · Wightman, Dennis C. et al. · archived
25. A dynamical systems perspective on driver behavior ↗ · 2019 · Mirman, Jessica Hafetz · indexed
26. Systematic changes in the rate of instruction during driver training ↗ · 2007 · Groeger, John A. et al. · indexed
27. AUTOMATICITY AND READING: PERSPECTIVES FROM THE INSTANCE THEORY OF AUTOMATIZATION ↗ · 1997 · Logan, Gordon D. · indexed
28. Good driving skills: implications for assessment and training ↗ · 1997 · Ranney, Thomas A. · indexed
29. On the control of automatic processes: A parallel distributed processing account of the Stroop effect. ↗ · 1990 · Cohen, Jonathan et al. · indexed
30. Task Versus Component Consistency in the Development of Automatic Processing: A Psychophysiological Assessment ↗ · 1991 · Kramer, Arthur F. et al. · indexed
31. The Weibull distribution, the power law, and the instance theory of automaticity. · 1995 · Logan, Gordon D. · archived
32. The Role of Simulation in a Staged Learning Model for Novice Driver Situational Awareness Training ↗ · 2001 · Staplin, Loren et al. · indexed
33. Changes in Driver Steering Control with Learning ↗ · 1978 · Smiley, Alison et al. · indexed
34. SEEXC: a model of response time in skill acquisition · 2002 · Heathcote, Andrew et al. · archived
35. Hierarchical control and driving. ↗ · 2013 · Strayer, David L. · indexed
36. Driver training: a perceptual-motor skill approach ↗ · 1982 · Lewin, Isaac · indexed
37. Perceptual similarity affects the learning curve (but not necessarily learning). · 2012 · Wifall, Tim et al. · archived
38. Task Decomposition for Learning Advanced Driving Skills ↗ · 2025 · Dallas, James et al. · indexed
39. Eye movement during skill acquisition: More evidence for the information-reduction hypothesis. · 1999 · Haider, Hilde et al. · archived
40. Controlled and automatic human information processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending and a general theory. ↗ · 1977 · Shiffrin, Richard M. et al. · indexed
41. Individual differences in skill acquisition and transfer assessed by dual task training performance and brain activity ↗ · 2022 · Reddy, Pratusha et al. · indexed
42. Learnability in Automated Driving (LiAD): Concepts for Applying Learnability Engineering (CALE) Based on Long-Term Learning Effects ↗ · 2024 · Mbelekani, Naomi Y. · indexed
43. Motor skill learning and performance: a review of influential factors ↗ · 2009 · Wulf, Gabriele et al. · indexed
44. Transfer of Training in Basic Control Skills from Truck Simulator to Real Truck ↗ · 2017 · Hirsch, Pierro et al. · indexed
45. Learning techniques for driver training ↗ · 1982 · Downs, Sylvia et al. · indexed
46. Automatic and Controlled Processing Approach to Interpreting Vigilance Performance ↗ · 1985 · Fisk, Arthur D. · indexed
47. Automaticity: Componential, Causal, and Mechanistic Explanations ↗ · 2015 · Moors, Agnes · indexed
48. Cognitive Load During Problem Solving: Effects on Learning ↗ · 1988 · Sweller, John · indexed
49. Attention Theory and Training Research ↗ · 1987 · Connelly, James G. et al. · indexed
50. Changes in Brain Activation during the Acquisition of a Multifrequency Bimanual Coordination Task: From the Cognitive Stage to Advanced Levels of Automaticity ↗ · 2005 · Puttemans, Veerle et al. · indexed
51. Driver's Lateral Control Strategy as Affected by Task Demands and Driving Experience ↗ · 1977 · Blaauw, G. J. et al. · indexed
52. Effects of practice on component processes in complex mental addition. ↗ · 1993 · Frensch, Peter A. et al. · indexed
53. The Ecology of Automaticity: Toward Establishing the Conditions Needed to Produce Automatic Processing Effects ↗ · 1992 · Bargh, John A. · indexed
54. Hierarchical Control and Driving ↗ · 2013 · Medeiros-Ward, Nathan · indexed
55. Role of Age in Relation between Two Kinds of Abilities and Performance in Acquisition of New Motor Skill ↗ · 2007 · Perrot, Alexandra et al. · indexed
56. Effector dependent sequence learning in the serial RT task ↗ · 2004 · Verwey, Willem B. et al. · indexed
57. Changing Brain Networks for Visuomotor Control With Increased Movement Automaticity ↗ · 2004 · Floyer-Lea, Anna et al. · indexed
58. Knowledge, knerves and know‐how: The role of explicit versus implicit knowledge in the breakdown of a complex motor skill under pressure ↗ · 1992 · Masters, Rich S.W. · indexed
59. Exemplar similarity and the development of automaticity. ↗ · 1997 · Palmeri, Thomas J. · indexed
60. Do we reflect while performing skillful actions? Automaticity, control, and the perils of distraction ↗ · 2017 · Bermúdez, Juan Pablo · indexed
61. What is learned during automatization? The role of attention in constructing an instance. ↗ · 1994 · Logan, Gordon D. et al. · indexed
62. Lack of Automatic Vocal Response Learning While Reading Aloud ↗ · 2019 · Kühnel, Anja et al. · indexed
63. Toward an Understanding of Age-Related use of Incidental Consistency ↗ · 1998 · Meyer, Beth et al. · indexed
64. The effects of secondary tasks on implicit motor skill performance ↗ · 2002 · Macmahon, Kenneth et al. · indexed
65. Recombination of Automatic Processing components: The Effects of Transfer, Reversal, and Conflict Situations ↗ · 1991 · Fisk, Arthur D. et al. · indexed
66. EEG correlates of acquiring race driving skills ↗ · 2025 · Sultana, M et al. · indexed
67. A Skill‐Based Approach to Modeling the Attentional Blink ↗ · 2020 · Hoekstra, Corné et al. · indexed
68. Practice Increases the Efficiency of Evidence Accumulation in Perceptual Choice. · 2005 · Brown, Scott et al. · archived
69. Automaticity and the ACT Theory ↗ · 1992 · Anderson, John R. · indexed
70. When Random Practice Makes you More Skilled: Applying the Contextual Interference Principle to a Simple Aiming Task Learning · 2025 · Cretton, Alexandre et al. · archived
71. Attention and Preattention in Theories of Automaticity ↗ · 1992 · Logan, Gordon D. · indexed
72. Neurophysiological Mechanisms Involved in Transfer of Procedural Knowledge ↗ · 2007 · Perez, Monica A. et al. · indexed
73. Increasing motor skill acquisition by driving theta-gamma coupling ↗ · 2019 · Akkad, Haya et al. · indexed
74. Reaction Time and Performance in Learning a Two Dimensional Compensatory Tracking Task ↗ · 1970 · ASSEN, A. VAN et al. · indexed
75. Increasing human motor skill acquisition by driving theta–gamma coupling ↗ · 2021 · Akkad, Haya et al. · indexed
76. The Control of the Unwanted ↗ · 2004 · Gollwitzer, Peter M et al. · indexed
77. Task difficulty and the specificity of perceptual learning ↗ · 1997 · Ahissar, Merav et al. · indexed
78. What is learned during automatization? II. Obligatory encoding of spatial location. ↗ · 1998 · Logan, Gordon D. · indexed
79. Assessing implicit learning with indirect tests: Determining what is learned about sequence structure. ↗ · 1994 · Reed, Jonathan C. et al. · indexed
80. Strategy shifts in classification skill acquisition: Does memory retrieval dominate rule use? · 2006 · Bourne, Lyle E. et al. · archived
81. Examining neural correlates of skill acquisition in a complex videogame training program · 2012 · Prakash, Ruchika Shaurya et al. · archived
82. How are habits formed: Modelling habit formation in the real world · 2009 · Lally, Phillippa et al. · archived
83. Examining the effectiveness of focus of attention instructions on the learning of a badminton long serve in novice students: movement automaticity hypothesis ↗ · 2024 · Vafaeimanesh, Nobar et al. · indexed
84. Functional Mapping of Sequence Learning in Normal Humans · 1995 · Grafton, Scott T. et al. · archived
85. Automaticity deficits in word reading ↗ · 2017 · Yap, Regina et al. · indexed
86. Degree of Task Consistency and Maintenance of Skill Level in Semantic Category Visual Search ↗ · 1992 · Lee, Mark D. · indexed
87. Changes in attentional resources during the acquisition of laparoscopic surgical skills ↗ · 2020 · Thomaschewski, M et al. · indexed
88. Drift-Diffusion Modeling Reveals Dissociable Components of Perceptual Learning ↗ · 2025 · Amirkhani, Nikan et al. · indexed
89. When paying attention becomes counterproductive: Impact of divided versus skill-focused attention on novice and experienced performance of sensorimotor skills. ↗ · 2002 · Beilock, Sian L. et al. · indexed
90. Different slopes for different folks: Alpha and delta<scp>EEG</scp>power predict subsequent video game learning rate and improvements in cognitive control tasks ↗ · 2012 · Mathewson, Kyle E. et al. · indexed
91. Shift from offline to online learning definitively reveals age-related changes in sequential learning. ↗ · 2025 · Lagarrigue, Yannick et al. · indexed
92. Sense of agency and ideomotor learning: High dispositional sense of agency is linked to better action-effect learning ↗ · 2025 · Puech, Lorina et al. · indexed
93. Sequence learning ↗ · 1998 · Clegg, Benjamin A. et al. · indexed
94. Short article: Implicit motor sequence learning is not represented purely in response locations ↗ · 2009 · Richard, Marc V. et al. · indexed
95. Position–item associations play a role in the acquisition of order knowledge in an implicit serial reaction time task. ↗ · 2011 · Schuck, Nicolas W. et al. · indexed
96. Divided attention does not affect the acquisition and consolidation of transitional probabilities ↗ · 2020 · Horváth, Kata et al. · indexed
97. Two Routes to Expertise in Mental Rotation ↗ · 2013 · Provost, Alexander et al. · indexed
98. Data-driven sequence learning or search: What are the prerequisites for the generation of explicit sequence knowledge? ↗ · 2012 · Schwager, Sabine et al. · indexed
99. Mechanisms underlying reduction in Stroop interference with practice for young and old adults. ↗ · 1994 · Dulaney, Cynthia L. et al. · indexed
100. Habits as knowledge structures: Automaticity in goal-directed behavior. ↗ · 2000 · Aarts, Henk et al. · indexed
101. Generalized lessons about sequence learning from the study of the serial reaction time task ↗ · 2012 · Schwarb, Hillary et al. · indexed
102. Dissociable mechanisms of speed-accuracy tradeoff during visual perceptual learning are revealed by a hierarchical drift-diffusion model ↗ · 2014 · Zhang, Jiaxiang et al. · indexed
103. The representational nature of sequence learning: evidence for goal-based codes ↗ · 2002 · Hazeltine, Eliot · indexed
104. Abstract and Effector-Specific Representations of Motor Sequences Identified with PET · 1998 · Grafton, Scott T. et al. · archived
105. Information transmission in action video gaming experts: Inferences from the lateralized readiness potential ↗ · 2022 · Xie, Jiaxin et al. · indexed
106. The Serial Reaction Time Task: Implicit Motor Skill Learning?: Figure 1. ↗ · 2007 · Robertson, Edwin M. · indexed
107. The problem of reversals in assessing implicit sequence learning with serial reaction time tasks ↗ · 2006 · Vaquero, Joaquín M. M. et al. · indexed
108. The influence of normal human ageing on automatic movements ↗ · 2004 · Wu, Tao et al. · indexed
109. Effects of training strategies implemented in a complex videogame on functional connectivity of attentional networks ↗ · 2011 · Voss, Michelle W. et al. · indexed
110. Brain Network Sparsification for Energy-Efficient Motor Learning: Insights From a Driving Simulator Study ↗ · 2026 · Li, Jiajia et al. · indexed
111. Fine motor control improves in older adults after 1 year of piano lessons: Analysis of individual development and its coupling with cognition and brain structure · 2023 · Worschech, Florian et al. · archived
112. Implicit and explicit learning strategies and fatigue: an evaluation of throwing task performance ↗ · 2025 · Banihosseini, Reihaneh et al. · indexed
113. Irrelevant response effects improve serial learning in serial reaction time tasks. ↗ · 2001 · Hoffmann, Joachim et al. · indexed
114. Practice-related functional activation changes in a working memory task ↗ · 2000 · Garavan, Hugh et al. · indexed
115. Implicit learning of what comes when and where within a sequence: The time-course of acquiring serial position-item and item-item associations to represent serial order · 2012 · Schuck, Nicolas W. et al. · archived
116. Social Psychology and the Unconscious: The Automaticity of Higher Mental Processes ↗ · 2014 · Bargh, John A. · indexed
117. Composition during serial learning: A serial position effect. ↗ · 1994 · Frensch, Peter A. · indexed
118. Sustained attention, not procedural learning, is a predictor of reading, language and arithmetic skills in children ↗ · 2018 · West, Gillian et al. · indexed
119. The Effect of Mental Practice on Performance in a Sequential Reaction Time Task ↗ · 2000 · Shanks, David R. et al. · indexed
120. Incidental covariation learning leading to strategy change · 2019 · Gaschler, Robert et al. · archived
121. Speed-accuracy optimization for skill learning ↗ · 2009 · Hsien-I Lin et al. · indexed
122. Effects of self-efficacy on frontal midline theta power and golf putting performance ↗ · 2023 · Yu, Chien-Lin et al. · indexed
123. The Influence of Response—Effect Compatibility in a Serial Reaction Time Task ↗ · 2003 · Stöcker, Christian et al. · indexed
124. The automaticity of everyday life. ↗ · 1997 · Bargh, John A. · indexed
125. Altered somatosensory evoked potentials associated with improved reaction time in a simple sensorimotor response task following repetitive practice ↗ · 2019 · Akaiwa, Mayu et al. · indexed
126. A spatial explicit strategy reduces error but interferes with sensorimotor adaptation ↗ · 2011 · Benson, Bryan L. et al. · indexed
127. EEG Resting-State and Event-Related Potentials as Markers of Learning Success in Older Adults Following Second Language Training: A Pilot Study ↗ · 2020 · Kliesch, Maria et al. · indexed
128. Theta and alpha power across fast and slow timescales in cognitive control ↗ · 2020 · Huycke, Pieter et al. · indexed
129. Theta and alpha power across fast and slow timescales in cognitive control ↗ · 2021 · Huycke, Pieter et al. · indexed
130. Neural Substrates of Response-based Sequence Learning using fMRI ↗ · 2004 · Bischoff-Grethe, Amanda et al. · indexed
131. Learning Progress in a Chinese Order of Stroke Game: The Effects of Intrinsic Cognitive Load and Gameplay Interest Mediated by Flow Experience ↗ · 2019 · Hong, Jon-Chao et al. · indexed
132. Poor Reading: A Deficit in Skill-Automatization or a Phonological Deficit? ↗ · 1998 · Wimmer, Heinz et al. · indexed
133. Index of Difficulty between Multiple Joint Movements Using Fitts Law ↗ · 2016 · Gupta, Neeraj K. et al. · indexed
134. Cerebellar contributions to visuomotor adaptation and motor sequence learning: an ALE meta-analysis ↗ · 2013 · Bernard, Jessica A. et al. · indexed
135. The posterior parietal cortex: A cortical „driver“ for bimanual motor learning? ↗ · 2006 · Rilk, A et al. · indexed
136. Cognitive Load Theory, Element Interactivity, and the Testing and Reverse Testing Effects ↗ · 2017 · Hanham, Jose et al. · indexed
137. The habitual consumer ↗ · 2009 · Wood, Wendy et al. · indexed
138. Effect of Motor Imagery on Serial Reaction Time Task Performance in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Crossover-Controlled Trial ↗ · 2025 · Prasomsri, Jaruwan et al. · indexed
139. Idiomaticity as a tool to explore automaticity and control in bilinguals and translators · 2022 · Togato, Giulia et al. · archived
140. Precision about the automatic emotional brain ↗ · 2015 · Vuilleumier, Patrik · indexed
141. Plasticity changes in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex associated with procedural sequence learning are hemisphere-specific ↗ · 2022 · Cao, Na et al. · indexed
142. A computational model of TE-dominant noticing, repetition, prior knowledge and grammatical knowledge acquisition ↗ · 2022 · Yang, Juan et al. · indexed
143. Beneficial effects of cerebellar tDCS on motor learning are associated with altered putamen-cerebellar connectivity: A simultaneous tDCS-fMRI study · 2020 · Liebrand, Matthias et al. · archived
144. The intersection of poetry and design ↗ · 2011 · Beatty, Erin L. · indexed
145. Reinforcement Learning in Different Phases of Quantum Control ↗ · 2018 · Bukov, Marin et al. · indexed
146. The role of professional secretaries in promoting Nigeria's transformation agenda ↗ · 2013 · Ibrahim, Adamu · indexed
147. PENINGKATAN PRESTASI BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK MELALUI MEDIA POWERPOINT PADA TEMA 4 SUBTEMA 3 KELAS IV SD UMP ↗ · 2023 · Irawan, Dedy et al. · indexed
148. Entrepreneurial Skill Acquisition and Poverty Alleviation ↗ · 2025 · Adetona, Adesina Abraham · indexed