working memory
The cognitive system for briefly holding and manipulating information that is no longer present: short-term maintenance, storage capacity limits, rehearsal, and the active workspace for ongoing mental operations. This is the foundational, domain-general construct of temporary information storage. Unlike executive_function, which is the control processes that direct cognition, working_memory is the limited-capacity buffer those processes operate on; unlike perceptual_processing, it holds information after it has been perceived; unlike individual_differences, it names a specific construct, not general between-person variation.
Also in Cognitive Psychology Foundations
- attention selective divided1287
- executive function1275
- inattentional change blindness1181
- visual search1023
- sustained attention vigilance816
- prospective memory interruptions730
- task switching613
- signal detection theory493
- dual task multitasking399
- multisensory crossmodal394
- stress arousal performance301
- decision making risk perception294
Related elsewhere in the corpus
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828 paper(s) · ranked by relevance to this topic
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The many faces of working memory and short-term storage · 2016 · Cowan, Nelson · archived
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Working Memory Capacity · 2016 · Cowan, Nelson · archived
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Working Memory Capacity · 2010 · Cowan, Nelson · archived
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Chapter 20 What are the differences between long-term, short-term, and working memory? · 2008 · Cowan, Nelson · archived
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The episodic buffer: a new component of working memory? · 2000 · Baddeley, Alan · archived
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The Magical Mystery Four · 2010 · Cowan, Nelson · archived
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On the capacity of attention: Its estimation and its role in working memory and cognitive aptitudes · 2005 · Cowan, Nelson · archived
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The multicomponent model of working memory fifty years on · 2024 · Hitch, Graham J. et al. · archived
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Working Memory: Theories, Models, and Controversies · 2011 · Baddeley, Alan · archived
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The nature of individual differences in working memory capacity: Active maintenance in primary memory and controlled search from secondary memory. · 2007 · Engle, Randall W · archived
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Practitioner Review: Verbal Working Memory Development and its Disorders ↗ · 1995 · Hulme, Charles et al. · indexed
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An Embedded-Processes Model of Working Memory · 1999 · Cowan, Nelson · archived
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Working Memory Capacity as Executive Attention · 2002 · Engle, Randall W · archived
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Working memory, short-term memory, and general fluid intelligence: A latent-variable approach. · 1999 · Engle, Randall W · archived
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Working Memory Underpins Cognitive Development, Learning, and Education · 2013 · Cowan, Nelson · archived
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On the law relating processing to storage in working memory. · 2011 · Barrouillet, Pierre et al. · archived
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Distinctions and similarities among working memory processes: an event-related potential study ↗ · 1992 · Ruchkin, Daniel S. et al. · indexed
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Variation in Working Memory Capacity as Variation in Executive Attention and Control · 2008 · Engle, Randall W · archived
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Limitations of working memory capacity: The cognitive and social consequences ↗ · 2017 · Gruszka, Aleksandra et al. · indexed
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Working memory, attention and their relationship: A theoretical overview · 2021 · Angelopoulou, Effrosyni et al. · archived
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A two-level hierarchical framework of visual short-term memory ↗ · 2018 · Yatziv, Tal et al. · indexed
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Working Memory and Attention – A Conceptual Analysis and Review · 2019 · Oberauer, Klaus · archived
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As Time Goes By · 2012 · Barrouillet, Pierre et al. · archived
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Working Memory and Executive Control: A Time-based Resource-sharing Account ↗ · 2010 · Barrouillet, Pierre et al. · indexed
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Individual Differences in Working Memory Capacity and Dual-Process Theories of the Mind. · 2004 · Engle, Randall W · archived
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Executive Attention, Working Memory Capacity, and a Two-Factor Theory of Cognitive Control · 2003 · Engle, Randall W · archived
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The capacity of visual working memory for features and conjunctions ↗ · 1997 · Luck, Steven J. et al. · indexed
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Temporal dynamics of brain activation during a working memory task ↗ · 1997 · Cohen, Jonathan D. et al. · indexed
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Working Memory Maturation · 2016 · Cowan, Nelson · archived
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Functional neuroimaging of short-term memory: The neural mechanisms of mental storage ↗ · 2001 · Rypma, Bart et al. · indexed
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Individual Differences in Working Memory Capacity and What They Tell Us About Controlled Attention, General Fluid Intelligence, and Functions of the Prefrontal Cortex · 1999 · Engle, Randall W. et al. · archived
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Investigating the episodic buffer · 2010 · Baddeley, Alan et al. · archived
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Neural Limits to Representing Objects Still within View ↗ · 2013 · Tsubomi, Hiroyuki et al. · indexed
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A latent variable analysis of working memory capacity, short-term memory capacity, processing speed, and general fluid intelligence ↗ · 2002 · Conway, Andrew R. A. et al. · indexed
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Models of Working Memory: Mechanisms of Active Maintenance and Executive Control ↗ · 1999 · Miyake, Akira et al. · indexed
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Benchmarks for models of short-term and working memory. · 2018 · Cowan, Nelson · archived
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Access to information in working memory: Exploring the focus of attention. ↗ · 2002 · Oberauer, Klaus · indexed
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Decomposing adult age differences in working memory. ↗ · 1991 · Salthouse, Timothy A. et al. · indexed
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Access to information in working memory: Exploring the focus of attention. ↗ · 2002 · Oberauer, Klaus · indexed
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Evolution of Models of Working Memory and Cognitive Resources ↗ · 2016 · Wingfield, Arthur · indexed
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Symbiosis of executive and selective attention in working memory · 2014 · Vandierendonck, André · archived
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Developmental Changes in Short-term Memory: A Revised Working Memory Perspective ↗ · 2019 · Gathercole, Susan E. et al. · indexed
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What is working memory capacity, and how can we measure it? ↗ · 2013 · Wilhelm, Oliver et al. · indexed
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Separating cognitive capacity from knowledge: a new hypothesis · 2007 · Cowan, Nelson · archived
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Role of Working Memory in Task Switching · 2012 · Vandierendonck, André · archived
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Working memory capacity and its relation to general intelligence ↗ · 2003 · Engle, Randall W · indexed
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Working Memory and Severe Learning Difficulties (PLE: Memory) ↗ · 2014 · Hulme, Charles et al. · indexed
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The Generality of Working Memory Capacity: A Latent-Variable Approach to Verbal and Visuospatial Memory Span and Reasoning. · 2004 · Kane, Michael J. et al. · archived
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Simple spans underestimate verbal working memory capacity. ↗ · 2021 · Barrouillet, Pierre et al. · indexed
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Spatiotemporal dynamics of component processes in human working memory ↗ · 1993 · Gevins, Alan et al. · indexed
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Visual working memory capacity: from psychophysics and neurobiology to individual differences ↗ · 2013 · Luck, Steven J. et al. · indexed
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Serial recall of visuospatial and verbal information with and without material-specific interference: Implications for contemporary models of working memory ↗ · 2013 · Davis, Lynne C. et al. · indexed
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Working memory and retrieval: A resource-dependent inhibition model. · 1994 · Engle, Randall W · archived
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The electrophysiological underpinnings of variation in verbal working memory capacity ↗ · 2020 · Pavlov, Yuri G. et al. · indexed
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When Working Memory May Be Just Working, not Memory ↗ · 2022 · Beukers, Andre Oliveira et al. · indexed
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The neural basis of the central executive system of working memory ↗ · 1995 · D'Esposito, Mark et al. · indexed
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Charting the trajectory of forgetting: Insights from a working memory period paradigm · 2019 · Towse, John N. et al. · archived
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Roles of working memory capacity and long-term working memory skill in complex task performance ↗ · 2003 · Sohn, Young Woo et al. · indexed
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The relationship between working memory capacity and executive functioning: Evidence for a common executive attention construct. ↗ · 2010 · McCabe, David P. et al. · indexed
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Storage of features, conjunctions, and objects in visual working memory. ↗ · 2001 · Vogel, Edward K. et al. · indexed
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Working Memory Architecture Across Verbal, Visuospatial, and Tactile Modalities: Moving Beyond Traditional Framework ↗ · 2026 · Heled, Eyal et al. · indexed
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Are Executive Function Tests Dependent on Working Memory Capacity? ↗ · 1996 · Lehto, Juhani · indexed
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Working memory capacity predicts the efficiency of transfer into long-term memory ↗ · 2016 · Adam, Kirsten et al. · indexed
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Verbal Representations and Spatial Manipulation During Mental Synthesis ↗ · 1999 · Pearson, David et al. · indexed
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Core verbal working-memory capacity: The limit in words retained without covert articulation ↗ · 2008 · Chen, Zhijian et al. · indexed
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A Working Memory System With Distributed Executive Control ↗ · 2016 · Vandierendonck, André · indexed
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Getting Over It: Working Memory Capacity and Affective Responses to Stressful Events in Daily Life ↗ · 2020 · Garrison, Katie et al. · indexed
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The role of working memory capacity in retrieval. · 1997 · Engle, Randall W · archived
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Editorial: Turning the Mind's Eye Inward: The Interplay Between Selective Attention and Working Memory · 2015 · Abrahamse, Elger et al. · archived
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Maintenance versus manipulation in verbal working memory revisited: an fMRI study ↗ · 2003 · Veltman, Dick J et al. · indexed
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A capacity theory of comprehension: Individual differences in working memory. ↗ · 1992 · Just, Marcel A. et al. · indexed
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On the interpretation of working memory span in adults · 2000 · Towse, John N. et al. · archived
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Computerized Working Memory Battery (BIMeT-V): Studying the Relation between Working Memory, Verbal Reasoning and Reading Comprehension ↗ · 2019 · Barreyro, Juan Pablo et al. · indexed
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Individual differences in working memory and comprehension: A test of four hypotheses. · 1992 · Engle, Randall W et al. · archived
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Left TPJ activity in verbal working memory: Implications for storage- and sensory-specific models of short term memory · 2010 · Ravizza, Susan M. et al. · archived
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Which Working Memory Components Predict Fluid Intelligence: The Roles of Attention Control and Active Buffer Capacity ↗ · 2014 · Chuderski, Adam · indexed
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Exploring the Central Executive · 1996 · Baddeley, Alan · archived
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Working memory implements distinct maintenance mechanisms depending on task goals ↗ · 2017 · Fahrenfort, Johannes J. et al. · indexed
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Complex working memory span tasks and higher-order cognition: A latent-variable analysis of the relationship between processing and storage · 2009 · Unsworth, Nash et al. · archived
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Individual differences in working memory capacity and workload capacity ↗ · 2014 · Yu, Ju-Chi et al. · indexed
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No attentional control in working memory: A systematic re-analysis of latent-variable studies ↗ · 2025 · Rey-Mermet, Alodie et al. · indexed
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A Cortical Mechanism for Binding in Visual Working Memory ↗ · 2001 · Raffone, Antonino et al. · indexed
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Availability of related long-term memory during and after attention focus in working memory · 2006 · Woltz, Dan J. et al. · archived
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Working memory capacity and the top-down control of visual search: Exploring the boundaries of "executive attention". ↗ · 2006 · Kane, Michael J. et al. · indexed
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Effects of adult age on structural and operational capacities in working memory. ↗ · 1991 · Salthouse, Timothy A. et al. · indexed
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Dual-task effects in working memory: Interference between two processing tasks, between two memory demands, and between storage and processing ↗ · 2006 · Oberauer, Klaus et al. · indexed
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Prefrontal cortical contributions to working memory: evidence from event-related fMRI studies ↗ · 2000 · D'Esposito, Mark et al. · indexed
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Auditory cortex supports verbal working memory capacity ↗ · 2020 · Bidelman, Gavin M. et al. · indexed
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Working memory capacity, intelligence, and the magnitude of the attentional blink revisited · 2009 · Martens, Sander et al. · archived
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Selective storage and maintenance of an object's features in visual working memory · 2008 · Woodman, Geoffrey F. et al. · archived
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The phonological store of working memory: A critique and an alternative, perceptual-motor, approach to verbal short-term memory ↗ · 2024 · Hughes, Robert W · indexed
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Dynamic cortical networks of verbal and spatial working memory: effects of memory load and task practice ↗ · 1998 · McEvoy, L. · indexed
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Integrated cross-domain object storage in working memory: Evidence from a verbal–spatial memory task ↗ · 2009 · Morey, Candice C. · indexed
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The cocktail party phenomenon revisited: The importance of working memory capacity · 2001 · Cowan, Nelson · archived
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Spikes not slots: noise in neural populations limits working memory ↗ · 2015 · Bays, Paul M. · indexed
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Neural activity predicts individual differences in visual working memory capacity ↗ · 2004 · Vogel, Edward K. et al. · indexed
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On the division of short-term and working memory: An examination of simple and complex span and their relation to higher order abilities. · 2007 · Engle, Randall W · archived
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Separate roles for executive and phonological components of working memory in mental arithmetic ↗ · 2000 · FÜrst, Ansgar J. et al. · indexed
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Time Constraints and Resource Sharing in Adults' Working Memory Spans. ↗ · 2004 · Barrouillet, Pierre et al. · indexed
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Spontaneous serial refreshing in verbal and spatial working memory? ↗ · 2022 · Vergauwe, Evie et al. · indexed
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Dual-task interference in visual working memory: A limitation in storage capacity but not in encoding or retrieval ↗ · 2009 · Fougnie, D. et al. · indexed
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Working Memory Is Complex and Dynamic, Like Your Thoughts ↗ · 2022 · Buschman, Timothy J. et al. · indexed
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Flexibility within working memory and the focus of attention for sequential verbal information does not depend on active maintenance ↗ · 2014 · Sandry, Joshua et al. · indexed
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LEARNING ORTHOGONAL WORKING MEMORY REPRESENTATIONS PROTECTS FROM INTERFERENCE IN A DUAL TASK ↗ · 2023 · Mahrach, Alexandre et al. · indexed
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Attention and binding in visual working memory: Two forms of attention and two kinds of buffer storage ↗ · 2019 · Hitch, Graham J. et al. · indexed
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Working Memory Period: The Endurance of Mental Representations ↗ · 2004 · Towse, John N. et al. · indexed
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Working memory span tasks: A methodological review and user’s guide · 2005 · Engle, Randall W · archived
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Measuring Working Memory Capacity With Automated Complex Span Tasks · 2012 · Engle, Randall W · archived
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Physiological Characteristics of Capacity Constraints in Working Memory as Revealed by Functional MRI ↗ · 1999 · Callicott, J. H. · indexed
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No attentional control in working memory? A systematic re-analysis of latent-variable studies ↗ · 2026 · Rey-Mermet, Alodie et al. · indexed
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A Meta-analysis of Executive Components of Working Memory ↗ · 2012 · Nee, Derek Evan et al. · indexed
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Goal-directed access to mental objects in working memory: The role of task-specific feature retrieval ↗ · 2009 · Schwager, Sabine et al. · indexed
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Task Relevance Modulates Representational States of Long-Term Memory Information in Working Memory ↗ · 2026 · Wang, Luyao et al. · indexed
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Re-evaluating the relationships among filtering activity, unnecessary storage, and visual working memory capacity · 2015 · Emrich, Stephen M. et al. · archived
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Visual working memory as visual attention sustained internally over time ↗ · 2011 · Chun, Marvin M. · indexed
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A controlled-attention view of working-memory capacity. · 2001 · Engle, Randall W · archived
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Attention fluctuations impact ongoing maintenance of information in working memory ↗ · 2020 · Hakim, Nicole et al. · indexed
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Dissociation of Verbal Working Memory System Components Using a Delayed Serial Recall Task ↗ · 2001 · Chein, J. M. · indexed
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Individual differences in working memory, secondary memory, and fluid intelligence: Evidence from the levels-of-processing span task. ↗ · 2013 · Rose, Nathan S. · indexed
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Systematic differences in visual working memory performance are not caused by differences in working memory storage. ↗ · 2023 · Pratte, Michael S. et al. · indexed
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Working memory load affects intelligence test performance by reducing the strength of relational item bindings and impairing the filtering of irrelevant information ↗ · 2023 · Schubert, Anna-Lena et al. · indexed
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Working-memory capacity predicts the executive control of visual search among distractors: The influences of sustained and selective attention ↗ · 2009 · Poole, Bradley J. et al. · indexed
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Mechanism for top-down control of working memory capacity · 2009 · Edin, Fredrik et al. · archived
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The Capacity of Visual Short-Term Memory is Set Both by Visual Information Load and by Number of Objects · 2004 · Alvarez, George A. et al. · archived
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The role of semantic representations in verbal working memory. ↗ · 2018 · Loaiza, Vanessa M. et al. · indexed
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Dissociable roles of different types of working memory load in visual detection. · 2013 · Konstantinou, Nikos et al. · archived
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What limits children's working memory span? Theoretical accounts and applications for scholastic development. ↗ · 2001 · Hitch, Graham J. et al. · indexed
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Working Memory Constraints on Linear Reasoning with Spatial and Temporal Contents ↗ · 1997 · Vandierendonck, Andre et al. · indexed
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Working memory capacity and sustained attention: A cognitive-energetic perspective. ↗ · 2020 · Unsworth, Nash et al. · indexed
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From working memory to long-term memory and back: Linked but distinct ↗ · 2003 · Grossberg, Stephen · indexed
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Working memory load affects intelligence test performance by reducing the strength of relational item bindings and impairing the filtering of irrelevant information ↗ · 2020 · Schubert, Anna-Lena et al. · indexed
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Storage unit in visual working memory depends on the visual information load of a memory display ↗ · 2018 · Qian, Jiehui et al. · indexed
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Working memory as internal attention: Toward an integrative account of internal and external selection processes ↗ · 2012 · Kiyonaga, Anastasia et al. · indexed
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Role of Verbal Working Memory in Complex Skill Acquisition ↗ · 1997 · Perlow, Richard et al. · indexed
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Individual Differences in the Delayed Execution of Prospective Memories ↗ · 2013 · Ball, B. Hunter et al. · indexed
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The neural basis of executive function in working memory: an fMRI study based on individual differences ↗ · 2004 · Osaka, Naoyuki et al. · indexed
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Cortical capacity constraints for visual working memory: dissociation of fMRI load effects in a fronto-parietal network ↗ · 2003 · Linden, David E.J. et al. · indexed
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Is there a Relationship between Task Demand and Storage Space in Tests of Working Memory Capacity? ↗ · 1995 · Towse, John N. et al. · indexed
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Retrospective memory trace sustained by the human hippocampus during working memory task ↗ · 2021 · Zhang, Xinyi et al. · indexed
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Exploration of an adaptive training regimen that can target the secondary memory component of working memory capacity ↗ · 2013 · Gibson, Bradley S. et al. · indexed
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A central capacity limit to the simultaneous storage of visual and auditory arrays in working memory. · 2007 · Cowan, Nelson · archived
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No attentional control in working memory: A systematic re-analysis of latent-variable studies ↗ · 2023 · Rey-Mermet, Alodie et al. · indexed
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Individual differences in working memory capacity and learning: Evidence from the serial reaction time task ↗ · 2005 · Unsworth, Nash et al. · indexed
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No attentional control in working memory: A systematic re-analysis of latent-variable studies ↗ · 2023 · Rey-Mermet, Alodie et al. · indexed
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When visual and verbal memories compete: Evidence of cross-domain limits in working memory · 2004 · Cowan, Nelson · archived
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Individual differences in working memory capacity predict visual attention allocation ↗ · 2003 · Bleckley, M. Kathryn et al. · indexed
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Development of working memory for verbal–spatial associations ↗ · 2006 · Cowan, Nelson et al. · indexed
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Individual differences in working memory and attentional control continue to predict memory performance despite extensive learning ↗ · 2024 · Zhao, Chong et al. · indexed
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Distinction between Perceptual and Attentional Processing in Working Memory Tasks: A Study of Phase-locked and Induced Oscillatory Brain Dynamics ↗ · 2007 · Deiber, Marie-Pierre et al. · indexed
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Maintenance of item and order information in verbal working memory ↗ · 2016 · Camos, Valérie et al. · indexed
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Binding and Inhibition in Working Memory: Individual and Age Differences in Short-Term Recognition. ↗ · 2005 · Oberauer, Klaus · indexed
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Verbal Working Memory as Emergent from Language Comprehension and Production ↗ · 2020 · Schwering, Steven C. et al. · indexed
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Working memory’s workload capacity · 2015 · Strayer, David L. et al. · archived
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Mediation of Adult Age Differences in Cognition by Reductions in Working Memory and Speed of Processing ↗ · 1991 · Salthouse, Timothy A. · indexed
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No attentional control in working memory: A systematic re-analysis of latent-variable studies ↗ · 2025 · Rey-Mermet, Alodie et al. · indexed
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Carrying the past to the future: Distinct brain networks underlie individual differences in human spatial working memory capacity ↗ · 2018 · Liu, Siwei et al. · indexed
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Binding across space and time in visual working memory · 2010 · Karlsen, Paul Johan et al. · archived
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Working memory’s pointer system is governed by physical objecthood, not spatiotemporal information · 2026 · Balaban, Halely · archived
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On the interplay between maintenance systems in verbal working memory ↗ · 2026 · Labaronne, Maximilien et al. · indexed
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The Nature of Task Set Representations in Working Memory ↗ · 2017 · Kikumoto, Atsushi et al. · indexed
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Measuring the development of working memory capacity: Example of an adaptive complex span task ↗ · 2018 · Aubry, Alexandre et al. · indexed
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Evidence for two attentional components in visual working memory. · 2014 · Allen, Richard J. et al. · archived
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What's on your mind: The influence of the contents of working memory on choice ↗ · 2009 · Weaver, Starla M. et al. · indexed
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Visual working memory for simple and complex visual stimuli · 2005 · Eng, Hing Yee et al. · archived
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The Resource King is dead! Long live the Resource King! · 1999 · Towse, John N. et al. · archived
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Memory updating in working memory: The role of the central executive ↗ · 1990 · Morris, Neil et al. · indexed
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Is working memory training effective? · 2012 · Engle, Randall W · archived
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Trial-by-trial fluctuations in working memory performance predict individual differences in working memory capacity ↗ · 2014 · Adam, K. et al. · indexed
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Restoring a top-down control assumption: Salience effects in working memory are overcome with time. ↗ · 2025 · Gaspelin, Nicholas et al. · indexed
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Momentary, Offset-Triggered Dual-Task Interference in Visual Working Memory ↗ · 2019 · Wang, Benchi et al. · indexed
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Spectrotemporal dynamics of the <scp>EEG</scp> during working memory encoding and maintenance predicts individual behavioral capacity ↗ · 2014 · Bashivan, Pouya et al. · indexed
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Working Memory and Intelligence--Their Correlation and Their Relation: Comment on Ackerman, Beier, and Boyle (2005). ↗ · 2005 · Oberauer, Klaus et al. · indexed
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Updating Information in Verbal Working Memory and Executive Functioning ↗ · 2005 · Doiseau, Frédéric et al. · indexed
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From task-general to task-specific cognitive operations in a few minutes: Working memory performance is an adaptive process ↗ · 2021 · Jylkkä, Jussi et al. · indexed
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When Load is Low, Working Memory is Shielded From Long-Term Memory’s Influence ↗ · 2024 · Bartsch, Lea M. et al. · indexed
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Working Memory Capacity Predicts Conflict-Task Performance ↗ · 2014 · Gulbinaite, Rasa et al. · indexed
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Separation of the Systems for Color and Spatial Manipulation in Working Memory Revealed by a Dual-task Procedure ↗ · 2005 · Mohr, Harald M. et al. · indexed
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The separability of working memory resources for spatial thinking and language processing: An individual differences approach. ↗ · 1996 · Shah, Priti et al. · indexed
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Executive and perceptual attention play different roles in visual working memory: Evidence from suffix and strategy effects. · 2014 · Hu, Yanmei et al. · archived
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Complexity effects in visuo-spatial working memory: Implications for the role of long-term memory ↗ · 2001 · Kemps, Eva · indexed
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Getting value out of working memory through strategic prioritisation: Implications for storage and control · 2024 · Allen, Richard J. et al. · archived
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Two Systems of Maintenance in Verbal Working Memory: Evidence from the Word Length Effect ↗ · 2013 · Mora, Gérôme et al. · indexed
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Similarity, not complexity, determines visual working memory performance. ↗ · 2015 · Jackson, Margaret C. et al. · indexed
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Following instructions in a dual-task paradigm: Evidence for a temporary motor store in working memory ↗ · 2018 · Jaroslawska, Agnieszka J et al. · indexed
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The reliability and stability of verbal working memory measures · 2003 · Waters, Gloria et al. · archived
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Motor system contributions to verbal and non-verbal working memory ↗ · 2014 · Liao, Diana A. et al. · indexed
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Cortical potentials in an auditory oddball task reflect individual differences in working memory capacity ↗ · 2013 · Yurgil, Kate A. et al. · indexed
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Shortened complex span tasks can reliably measure working memory capacity ↗ · 2014 · Foster, Jeffrey L. et al. · indexed
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Boundary conditions for observing cognitive load effects in visual working memory ↗ · 2022 · Ricker, Timothy J. et al. · indexed
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Functional connectivity reveals load dependent neural systems underlying encoding and maintenance in verbal working memory ↗ · 2006 · Woodward, T.S. et al. · indexed
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When “capacity” changes with set size: Ensemble representations support the detection of across-category changes in visual working memory ↗ · 2019 · Schurgin, Mark W. et al. · indexed
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Three layers of working memory: Focus-switch costs and retrieval dynamics as revealed by the<i>N</i>-count task ↗ · 2011 · Basak, Chandramallika et al. · indexed
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Is executive control related to working memory capacity and fluid intelligence? · 2019 · Rey-Mermet, Alodie et al. · archived
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What “Works” in Working Memory? Separate Systems for Selection and Updating of Critical Information ↗ · 2009 · Bledowski, Christoph et al. · indexed
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An assessment of fixed-capacity models of visual working memory · 2008 · Cowan, Nelson · archived
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The relationship of life event stress and working memory capacity ↗ · 2001 · Klein, Kitty et al. · indexed
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When Keeping in Mind Supports Later Bringing to Mind: Neural Markers of Phonological Rehearsal Predict Subsequent Remembering · 2001 · Davachi, Lila et al. · archived
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On the transfer of information from temporary to permanent memory ↗ · 1983 · Craik, Fergus Ian Muirden · indexed
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Sustaining the focus of attention and how it relates to performance in complex cognitive tasks ↗ · 2023 · Tsukahara, Jason S. et al. · indexed
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Dissociating working memory updating and automatic updating: The reference-back paradigm. ↗ · 2016 · Rac-Lubashevsky, Rachel et al. · indexed
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Contributions from Long-Term Memory Explain Superior Visual Working Memory Performance with Meaningful Objects ↗ · 2025 · Park, Hyung-Bum et al. · indexed
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Working memory and preparation elicit different patterns of slow wave event‐related brain potentials ↗ · 1995 · Ruchkin, Daniel S. et al. · indexed
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The influence of lapses of attention on working memory capacity ↗ · 2015 · Unsworth, Nash et al. · indexed
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Different states in visual working memory: when it guides attention and when it does not ↗ · 2011 · Olivers, Christian N.L. et al. · indexed
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When “capacity” changes with set size: Ensemble representations support the detection of across-category changes in visual working memory ↗ · 2018 · Schurgin, Mark et al. · indexed
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Executive control of stimulus-driven and goal-directed attention in visual working memory · 2016 · Hu, Yanmei et al. · archived
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Dissecting the Neural Focus of Attention Reveals Distinct Processes for Spatial Attention and Object-Based Storage in Visual Working Memory ↗ · 2019 · Hakim, Nicole et al. · indexed
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Working memory capacity modulates task performance but has little influence on task choice · 2010 · Butler, Karin M. et al. · archived
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Chunking, boosting, or offloading? Using serial position to investigate long-term memory's enhancement of verbal working memory performance · 2022 · Bartsch, Lea M. et al. · archived
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The Effect of Planning, Strategy Learning, and Working Memory Capacity on Mental Workload · 2020 · Radüntz, Thea · archived
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Conducting the train of thought: Working memory capacity, goal neglect, and mind wandering in an executive-control task. ↗ · 2009 · McVay, Jennifer C. et al. · indexed
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Does semantic long-term memory impact refreshing in verbal working memory? ↗ · 2019 · Camos, Valérie et al. · indexed
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Evidence for spontaneous serial refreshing in verbal working memory? ↗ · 2017 · Vergauwe, Evie et al. · indexed
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Competition for the focus of attention in visual working memory: perceptual recency versus executive control · 2018 · Hitch, Graham J. et al. · archived
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Distinguishing between temporary and permanent removal in verbal working memory. ↗ · 2025 · Tortajada, Miriam et al. · indexed
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Failure of self-consistency in the discrete resource model of visual working memory ↗ · 2018 · Bays, Paul M. · indexed
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Neural mechanisms of attending to items in working memory ↗ · 2019 · Manohar, Sanjay G. et al. · indexed
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Beyond perceptual load and dilution: a review of the role of working memory in selective attention ↗ · 2013 · de Fockert, Jan W. · indexed
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Regional brain activity during tasks devoted to the central executive of working memory ↗ · 1999 · Collette, F. et al. · indexed
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Verbal working memory encodes phonological and semantic information differently ↗ · 2023 · Kowialiewski, B. et al. · indexed
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Working memory capacity predicts ongoing reliance on misinformation: A latent-variable analysis ↗ · 2018 · Brydges, Christopher et al. · indexed
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The Role of Verbal Working Memory in Children's Sentence Comprehension ↗ · 2013 · Kidd, Evan · indexed
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Unravelling the object-based nature of visual working memory: insight from pointers · 2024 · Wei, Ning et al. · archived
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Sensory delay activity: more than an electrophysiological index of working memory load ↗ · 2022 · Emrich, Stephen M et al. · indexed
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Temporal Grouping Effects in Immediate Recall: A Working Memory Analysis · 1996 · Hitch, Graham J. et al. · archived
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Is the binding of visual features in working memory resource-demanding? ↗ · 2006 · Allen, Richard J. et al. · indexed
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Evaluating Pediatric Cochlear Implant Users' Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval Strategies in Verbal Working Memory · 2019 · AuBuchon, Angela M. et al. · archived
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The neural correlates of the verbal component of working memory ↗ · 1993 · Paulesu, E. et al. · indexed
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Verbal working memory and the phonological buffer: The question of serial order ↗ · 2019 · Majerus, Steve · indexed
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Visual and verbal thought tendencies shape working memory under distraction ↗ · 2026 · Chkhaidze, Ana et al. · indexed
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Working Memory, but Not IQ, Predicts Subsequent Learning in Children with Learning Difficulties ↗ · 2009 · Alloway, Tracy Packiam · indexed
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Electrophysiological Measures of Maintaining Representations in Visual Working Memory ↗ · 2007 · McCollough, A. et al. · indexed
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Finding the answer in space: the mental whiteboard hypothesis on serial order in working memory · 2014 · Abrahamse, Elger et al. · archived
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How to measure working memory capacity in the change detection paradigm · 2011 · Cowan, Nelson · archived
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Visual working memory as the substrate for mental rotation · 2007 · Hyun, Joo-Seok et al. · archived
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EEG decoding reveals task-dependent recoding of sensory information in working memory ↗ · 2024 · Bae, Gi-Yeul et al. · indexed
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Verbal Working Memory Encodes Phonological and Semantic Information Differently ↗ · 2022 · Kowialiewski, Benjamin et al. · indexed
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Adaptive choice between articulatory rehearsal and attentional refreshing in verbal working memory ↗ · 2010 · Camos, Valérie et al. · indexed
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Visual working memory’s pointer system: Past, present, and future ↗ · 2025 · Balaban, Halely et al. · indexed
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Perceptual organization influences visual working memory · 2003 · Woodman, Geoffrey F. et al. · archived
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Encoding serial items depletes cognitive resource: An adversarial comparison of reconfiguration and resource-depletion accounts of working memory ↗ · 2025 · Greeno, David James et al. · indexed
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Temporal lobe speech perception systems are part of the verbal working memory circuit: Evidence from two recent fMRI studies ↗ · 2003 · Hickok, Gregory et al. · indexed
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The role of working memory in encoding the temporal structure of events in episodic memory: Evidence from a dual-task paradigm ↗ · 2025 · Leroy, Nathan et al. · indexed
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Set size effects on working memory precision are not due to an averaging of slots · 2020 · Pratte, Michael S. · archived
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Reconstructions of Information in Visual Spatial Working Memory Degrade with Memory Load ↗ · 2014 · Sprague, Thomas C. et al. · indexed
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Do the contents of working memory capture attention? Yes, but cognitive control matters. ↗ · 2009 · Han, Suk Won et al. · indexed
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Contralateral Delay Activity Provides a Neural Measure of the Number of Representations in Visual Working Memory ↗ · 2010 · Ikkai, Akiko et al. · indexed
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Superior Parietal Cortex Is Critical for the Manipulation of Information in Working Memory ↗ · 2009 · Koenigs, Michael et al. · indexed
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Working Memory in Writing: Empirical Evidence From the Dual-Task Technique ↗ · 2004 · Olive, Thierry · indexed
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Different Roles of Direct and Indirect Frontoparietal Pathways for Individual Working Memory Capacity ↗ · 2016 · Ekman, Matthias et al. · indexed
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Working Memory From the Psychological and Neurosciences Perspectives: A Review ↗ · 2018 · Chai, Wen Jia et al. · indexed
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The Influence of Working-Memory Demand and Subject Performance on Prefrontal Cortical Activity ↗ · 2002 · Rypma, Bart et al. · indexed
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Visual Working Memory Represents a Fixed Number of Items Regardless of Complexity ↗ · 2007 · Awh, Edward et al. · indexed
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When Does Episodic Memory Contribute to Performance in Tests of Working Memory? ↗ · 2023 · Oberauer, Klaus et al. · indexed
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Can valuable information be prioritized in verbal working memory? · 2020 · Atkinson, Amy Louise et al. · archived
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The role of working memory in the carry operation of mental arithmetic: Number and value of the carry ↗ · 2007 · Imbo, Ineke et al. · indexed
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Binding serial order to representations in working memory: a spatial/verbal dissociation ↗ · 2010 · Gmeindl, Leon et al. · indexed
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Working memory as a predictor of written arithmetical skills in children: The importance of central executive functions ↗ · 2008 · Andersson, Ulf. · indexed
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Discrete fixed-resolution representations in visual working memory · 2008 · Zhang, Weiwei et al. · archived
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Visuospatial, rather than verbal working memory capacity plays a key role in verbal and figural creativity ↗ · 2021 · Lu, Runhao et al. · indexed
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Spatial sequences, but not verbal sequences, are vulnerable to general interference during retention in working memory. ↗ · 2016 · Morey, Candice C. et al. · indexed
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Effects of working memory contents and perceptual load on distractor processing: When a response-related distractor is held in working memory ↗ · 2017 · Koshino, Hideya · indexed
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The precision of visual working memory is set by allocation of a shared resource ↗ · 2009 · Bays, Paul M. et al. · indexed
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Sensory Modality- and Load-Dependent Changes across Cortical Representations for Working Memory Storage ↗ · 2024 · Chopurian, Vivien et al. · indexed
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Alpha-Band Activity Reveals Spontaneous Representations of Spatial Position in Visual Working Memory ↗ · 2017 · Foster, Joshua J. et al. · indexed
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Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Dissociates Working Memory Manipulation from Retention Functions in the Prefrontal, but not Posterior Parietal, Cortex ↗ · 2006 · Postle, Bradley R. et al. · indexed
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Exploring the influence of temporal factors on age differences in working memory dual task costs ↗ · 2020 · Rhodes, Stephen et al. · indexed
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In competition for the attentional template: Can multiple items within visual working memory guide attention? ↗ · 2014 · van Moorselaar, Dirk et al. · indexed
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Rapid Distributed Fronto-parieto-occipital Processing Stages During Working Memory in Humans ↗ · 2002 · Halgren, E. · indexed
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Translating words into actions in working memory: The role of spatial-motoric coding · 2022 · Li, Guangzheng et al. · archived
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The roles of prefrontal brain regions in components of working memory: Effects of memory load and individual differences · 1999 · Rypma, Bart et al. · archived
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Perceptual organization and task demands jointly shape auditory working memory capacity ↗ · 2024 · Noyce, Abigail L. et al. · indexed
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Aging Influences the Efficiency of Attentional Maintenance in Verbal Working Memory ↗ · 2018 · Jarjat, Gabriel et al. · indexed
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Is the n-back task a measure of unstructured working memory capacity? Towards understanding its connection to other working memory tasks ↗ · 2021 · Frost, Adam et al. · indexed
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Unimodal load selectively reduces recruitment of sensory cortices for working memory storage ↗ · 2023 · Chopurian, Vivien et al. · indexed
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α Power Modulation and Event-Related Slow Wave Provide Dissociable Correlates of Visual Working Memory ↗ · 2015 · Fukuda, Keisuke et al. · indexed
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Correlative comparison of visual working memory paradigms and associated models · 2024 · Hojjati, Fatemeh et al. · archived
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Transfer of training from one working memory task to another: behavioural and neural evidence · 2015 · Beatty, Erin L. et al. · archived
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Minding the load or loading the mind: The effect of manipulating working memory on coherence monitoring ↗ · 2021 · de Bruïne, Amy et al. · indexed
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Measuring verbal working memory capacity: A reading span task for laboratory and web-based use ↗ · 2016 · Klaus, Jana et al. · indexed
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Oculomotor preparation as a rehearsal mechanism in spatial working memory ↗ · 2014 · Pearson, David et al. · indexed
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Sequential dynamics of memory load: contralateral delay activity and behavioral evidence ↗ · 2026 · Villena-González, Mario et al. · indexed
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NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB): List Sorting Test to Measure Working Memory ↗ · 2014 · Tulsky, David S. et al. · indexed
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A Meta-Analysis of Working Memory Impairments in Autism Spectrum Disorders · 2017 · Wang, Ya et al. · archived
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Verbal Working Memory Load Affects Regional Brain Activation as Measured by PET ↗ · 1997 · Jonides, John et al. · indexed
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Independent operation of implicit working memory under cognitive load ↗ · 2017 · Ji, Eunhee et al. · indexed
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The Effects of Background Noise and Working Memory Capacity on Speechreading Performance ↗ · 1993 · Lyxell, Björn et al. · indexed
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Maintenance of Bound or Independent Features in Visual Working Memory is Task-dependent ↗ · 2021 · Cao, Ruoyi et al. · indexed
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Separability of active semantic and phonological maintenance in verbal working memory ↗ · 2018 · Nishiyama, Ryoji · indexed
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Benchmarks provide common ground for model development: Reply to Logie (2018) and Vandierendonck (2018). · 2018 · Oberauer, Klaus et al. · archived
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Jointly looking to the past and the future in visual working memory ↗ · 2024 · Liu, Baiwei et al. · indexed
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Verbal working memory in ADHD children · 2008 · Borkowska, Aneta et al. · archived
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Development of Memory for Pattern and Path: Further Evidence for the Fractionation of Visuo-Spatial Memory ↗ · 2001 · Pickering, Susan J. et al. · indexed
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Effects of verbal and nonverbal interference on spatial and object visual working memory ↗ · 2005 · Postle, Bradley R. et al. · indexed
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Arithmetic operation and working memory: differential suppression in dual tasks ↗ · 2002 · Lee, Kyoung-Min et al. · indexed
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Estimating working memory based on a divided-attention version of the spatial release from masking task ↗ · 2025 · O'Neill, Sadie et al. · indexed
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Maintenance versus Manipulation of Information Held in Working Memory: An Event-Related fMRI Study ↗ · 1999 · D'Esposito, M. et al. · indexed
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Maintenance of Bound or Independent Features in Visual Working Memory is Task-dependent ↗ · 2024 · Cao, Ruoyi et al. · indexed
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All identical objects reduce memory load at the late maintenance stage in working memory ↗ · 2025 · Guo, Lijing et al. · indexed
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The cognitive load effect in working memory: Refreshing the empirical landscape, removing outdated explanations ↗ · 2023 · Langerock, Naomi et al. · indexed
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Auditory working memory and verbal recall memory in schizotypy ↗ · 2000 · Lenzenweger, M.F et al. · indexed
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Tracking the time-course of attentional involvement in spatial working memory: an event-related potential investigation ↗ · 2002 · Jha, Amishi P · indexed
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The driving factors of compressed semantic representations in visual working memory ↗ · 2023 · Todorova, Lara et al. · indexed
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The effect of rehearsal rate and memory load on verbal working memory ↗ · 2015 · Fegen, David et al. · indexed
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The reliability and internal consistency of one-shot and flicker change detection for measuring individual differences in visual working memory capacity ↗ · 2014 · Pailian, Hrag et al. · indexed
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Spatial working memory load affects counting but not subitizing in enumeration ↗ · 2011 · Shimomura, T. et al. · indexed
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Efl speech production: exploring the relationship between working memory capacity and profciency level · 2013 · Prebianca, Gicele Vergine Vieira · archived
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Spatial working memory is enhanced in children by differential outcomes · 2015 · Esteban, Laura et al. · archived
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How does the severity of a learning disability affect working memory performance? ↗ · 2001 · Henry, Lucy A. · indexed
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Neural Representation of Working Memory Content Is Modulated by Visual Attentional Demand ↗ · 2017 · Kiyonaga, Anastasia et al. · indexed
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Flexible representations in visual working memory and interactions with long‐term learning: Commentary on the special issue ↗ · 2019 · Rhodes, Stephen et al. · indexed
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Verbal and visual-spatial working memory: What develops over a life span? ↗ · 2017 · Swanson, H. Lee · indexed
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The effects of the attention resource allocation on visual working memory consolidation process ↗ · 2019 · ZHANG, Di et al. · indexed
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The focus of attention as observed in visual working memory tasks: Making sense of competing claims · 2011 · Cowan, Nelson · archived
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A Simultaneous EEG-fMRI Study of Thalamic Load-Dependent Working Memory Delay Period Activity ↗ · 2020 · Gomes, Bernard A. et al. · indexed
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Self-reported memory strategies and their relationship to immediate and delayed text recall and working memory capacity · 2014 · Jonsson, Bert et al. · archived
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The steady-state visual evoked potential reveals neural correlates of the items encoded into visual working memory ↗ · 2014 · Peterson, Dwight J. et al. · indexed
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Conditional reasoning and the Tower of Hanoi: The role of spatial and verbal working memory ↗ · 2002 · Handley, Simon J. et al. · indexed
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Working memory and arithmetic calculation in children: The contributory roles of processing speed, short-term memory, and reading ↗ · 2008 · Berg, Derek H. · indexed
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The Inner Eye and the Inner Scribe of Visuo-spatial Working Memory: Evidence from Developmental Fractionation ↗ · 1997 · Logie, Robert H. et al. · indexed
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Crowding in Visual Working Memory Reveals Its Spatial Resolution and the Nature of Its Representations ↗ · 2015 · Tamber-Rosenau, Benjamin J. et al. · indexed
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Investigating Efficacy of “Working Memory Training Software” on Students Working Memory · 2014 · Fahimi, Mehrnoosh et al. · archived
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Retroactive interference with working memory consolidation: Visual, verbal, or central processing? ↗ · 2020 · Carlos, Brandon J. et al. · indexed
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Does high memory load kick task-irrelevant information out of visual working memory? ↗ · 2012 · Yin, Jun et al. · indexed
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Visual working memory in young children · 1988 · Hitch, Graham J. et al. · archived
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Stage effects of negative emotion on spatial and verbal working memory ↗ · 2010 · Li, Xuebing et al. · indexed
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Working memory, number sense, and arithmetical performance ↗ · 2018 · Corso, Luciana Vellinho · indexed
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Verbal working memory and language production: Common approaches to the serial ordering of verbal information. ↗ · 2009 · Acheson, Daniel J. et al. · indexed
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Visual working memory representation as a topological defined perceptual object ↗ · 2019 · Wei, Ning et al. · indexed
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The limits of visual working memory in children: Exploring prioritization and recency effects with sequential presentation. · 2017 · Berry, Ed D. J. et al. · archived
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Short article: Is verbal–spatial binding in working memory impaired by a concurrent memory load? ↗ · 2009 · Elsley, Jane V. et al. · indexed
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Load-Dependent Roles of Frontal Brain Regions in the Maintenance of Working Memory ↗ · 1999 · Rypma, Bart et al. · indexed
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Stage and load effects on ERP topography during verbal and spatial working memory ↗ · 2009 · Shucard, Janet L. et al. · indexed
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Task goals dynamically reconfigure neural working memory representations ↗ · 2026 · Printzlau, Frida A.B. et al. · indexed
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Effect of focus on verbal working memory: Critical role of the focus word in reading ↗ · 2002 · Osaka, Mariko et al. · indexed
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Maintenance Mechanisms in Children’s Verbal Working Memory ↗ · 2015 · Oftinger, Anne-Laure et al. · indexed
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A flexible coding scheme underlying working memory generalization in human parietal and frontal cortices ↗ · 2025 · Shi, Dongping et al. · indexed
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Contrasting visual working memory for verbal and non-verbal material with multivariate analysis of fMRI · 2012 · Habeck, Christian et al. · archived
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Visuospatial working memory, movement control and executive demands ↗ · 1995 · Salway, Alice et al. · indexed
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Selective Attention Supports Working Memory Maintenance by Modulating Perceptual Processing of Distractors ↗ · 2007 · Sreenivasan, Kartik K. et al. · indexed
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Working memory, attention control, and the n-back task: A question of construct validity. ↗ · 2007 · Kane, Michael J. et al. · indexed
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Interacting Memory Systems—Does EEG Alpha Activity Respond to Semantic Long-Term Memory Access in a Working Memory Task? ↗ · 2014 · Berger, Barbara et al. · indexed
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Dissociating visuo-spatial and verbal working memory: It’s all in the features ↗ · 2018 · Poirier, Marie et al. · indexed
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An interference model for visual and verbal working memory. ↗ · 2024 · Oberauer, Klaus et al. · indexed
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Is the hippocampus necessary for visual and verbal binding in working memory? ↗ · 2010 · Baddeley, Alan et al. · indexed
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Working memory is updated as part of response selection: Evidence from inter-trial interval effects in the reference-back paradigm ↗ · 2022 · Verschooren, Sam et al. · indexed
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Dynamic Updating of Working Memory Resources for Visual Objects ↗ · 2011 · Gorgoraptis, N. et al. · indexed
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Working memory in children with specific arithmetical learning difficulties ↗ · 1991 · Hitch, Graham J. et al. · indexed
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Oculomotor involvement in spatial working memory is task-specific ↗ · 2013 · Ball, Keira et al. · indexed
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Similar working memory outcomes with successive versus concurrent presentation of tones and colors ↗ · 2025 · Cowan, Nelson et al. · indexed
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Object perception is selectively slowed by a visually similar working memory load ↗ · 2008 · Robinson, A. et al. · indexed
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Sensory modality- and load-dependent changes across cortical working memory representations ↗ · 2026 · Chopurian, Vivien et al. · indexed
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Olfactory working memory: effects of verbalization on the 2-back task ↗ · 2011 · Jönsson, Fredrik U. et al. · indexed
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Just-in-Time Encoding Into Visual Working Memory Is Contingent Upon Constant Availability of External Information · 2024 · Hoogerbrugge, Alex J. et al. · archived
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An interference model for visual and verbal working memory ↗ · 2023 · Oberauer, Klaus et al. · indexed
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Contralateral delay activity does not reflect behavioral feature load in visual working memory ↗ · 2018 · Quak, Michel et al. · indexed
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Interference of working memory load with long‐term memory formation ↗ · 2009 · Axmacher, Nikolai et al. · indexed
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Encoding, storage, and response preparation—Distinct EEG correlates of stimulus and action representations in working memory ↗ · 2020 · Schneider, Daniel et al. · indexed
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Information flows from hippocampus to auditory cortex during replay of verbal working memory items ↗ · 2022 · Dimakopoulos, Vasileios et al. · indexed
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The relationship of working memory to the immediate recall of stories following unilateral temporal or frontal lobectomy ↗ · 1990 · Frisk, Virginia et al. · indexed
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Is Working Memory Load Irrelevant to Inhibitory Cognitive Control in Negative Priming? ↗ · 2019 · Neumann, Ewald · indexed
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Knowledge cannot explain the developmental growth of working memory capacity ↗ · 2015 · Cowan, Nelson et al. · indexed
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Transient Perceptual Neglect: Visual Working Memory Load Affects Conscious Object Processing ↗ · 2011 · Emrich, Stephen M. et al. · indexed
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Statistical processing of perceptual groups under working memory load ↗ · 2016 · Epstein, Michael et al. · indexed
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Distributed Patterns of Activity in Sensory Cortex Reflect the Precision of Multiple Items Maintained in Visual Short-Term Memory ↗ · 2013 · Emrich, Stephen M. et al. · indexed
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Verbal working memory performance and proactive interference are largely unaffected by matching font color reinstatement · 2025 · Festini, Sara B. · archived
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Role of verbal working memory in rapid procedural acquisition of a choice response task ↗ · 2021 · Monsell, Stephen et al. · indexed
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Verbal working memory and linguistic long-term memory: Exploring the lexical cohort effect ↗ · 2019 · Kowialiewski, Benjamin et al. · indexed
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Visual-spatial and verbal-spatial binding in working memory. ↗ · 2014 · Santana, Jeanny Joana Rodrigues Alves de et al. · indexed
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Reducing failures of visual working memory with tailored feedback ↗ · 2024 · Kozlova, Olga et al. · indexed
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The privileged role of location in visual working memory · 2013 · Pertzov, Yoni et al. · archived
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On some verbal short-term and working memory properties in patients suffering from clinical depression ↗ · 2012 · Lalovic, Dejan et al. · indexed
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Distinct contributions by frontal and parietal cortices support working memory ↗ · 2017 · Mackey, Wayne E. et al. · indexed
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Task-Dependent Representation of Feature Binding within the Same Dimension in Visual Working Memory ↗ · 2023 · Cao, Ruoyi et al. · indexed
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Cognitive development and working memory: A dialogue between neo-piagetian theories and cognitive approaches ↗ · 2010 · Barrouillet, Pierre et al. · indexed
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Location and binding in visual working memory · 2006 · Treisman, Anne et al. · archived
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When working memory updating requires updating: Analysis of serial position in a running memory task ↗ · 2014 · Botto, Marta et al. · indexed
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The number of objects determines visual working memory capacity allocation even for complex items ↗ · 2015 · Luria, Roy et al. · indexed
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The impact of verbal working memory on written translation: Empirical evidence and an initial model ↗ · 2021 · Li, Jie · indexed
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Decoding verbal working memory representations of Chinese characters from Broca's area ↗ · 2021 · Yan, Chang et al. · indexed
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The strategic retention of task-relevant objects in visual working memory. ↗ · 2013 · Maxcey-Richard, Ashleigh M. et al. · indexed
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Visual working memory can selectively reset a subset of its representations · 2017 · Balaban, Halely et al. · archived
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Maintenance of multiple working memory items by temporal segmentation ↗ · 2006 · Jensen, O. · indexed
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The Role of Prefrontal Cortex in Working Memory: A Mini Review ↗ · 2015 · Lara, Antonio H. et al. · indexed
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Weight and See: Loading Working Memory Improves Incidental Identification of Irrelevant Faces · 2012 · Carmel, David et al. · archived
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Role of anterior cingulate cortex during semantic coding in verbal working memory ↗ · 2008 · Kaneda, Mizuki et al. · indexed
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The dual nature of working memory deficits: methamphetamine abusers have more impaired social working memory capacity than canonical working memory capacity ↗ · 2024 · Li, Shouxin et al. · indexed
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Why some colors appear more memorable than others: A model combining categories and particulars in color working memory. ↗ · 2015 · Bae, Gi‐Yeul et al. · indexed
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<b>The role of working memory capacity in the development of L2 speech production</b><br>DOI:10.5007/2175-8026.2011n60p075 · 2011 · Weissheimer, Janaina · archived
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Persistent activity in the prefrontal cortex during working memory ↗ · 2003 · Curtis, Clayton E. et al. · indexed
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Evidence for a Two-Stage Model of Spatial Working Memory Processing within the Lateral Frontal Cortex: A Positron Emission Tomography Study ↗ · 1996 · Owen, A. M. et al. · indexed
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The Development of Attention Systems and Working Memory in Infancy ↗ · 2016 · Reynolds, Greg D. et al. · indexed
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The role of working memory storage components in exact and approximate arithmetic processing under dual-task conditions. ↗ · 2026 · Wei, Wei et al. · indexed
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Mechanisms of visual working memory processing task-irrelevant information retrieved from visual long-term memory ↗ · 2024 · Sun, Yanliang et al. · indexed
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Modulation of Alpha and Beta Oscillations during an n-back Task with Varying Temporal Memory Load ↗ · 2016 · Chen, Youguo et al. · indexed
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The role of the working memory storage component in a random-like series generation · 2024 · Biesaga, Mikołaj et al. · archived
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Information flows from hippocampus to auditory cortex during replay of verbal working memory items ↗ · 2021 · Dimakopoulos, Vasileios et al. · indexed
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Network Structure During Encoding Predicts Working Memory Performance ↗ · 2018 · Wodeyar, Anirudh et al. · indexed
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How low can you go? Changing the resolution of novel complex objects in visual working memory according to task demands · 2014 · Allon, Ayala S. et al. · archived
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Attentional control settings are stored in activated long term memory ↗ · 2017 · Plater, Lindsay et al. · indexed
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Relations between life difficulties, measures of working memory operation, and examination performance in a student sample ↗ · 2007 · Wilding, John et al. · indexed
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Different working memory capacity in normal young adults for visual and tactile letter recognition task ↗ · 2005 · BLISS, IRINA et al. · indexed
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Binding faces and names in working memory requires additional attentional resources. ↗ · 2011 · Godoy, Juliana Pardo Moura Campos et al. · indexed
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A Meta-Analysis of Working Memory Impairments in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ↗ · 2005 · MARTINUSSEN, RHONDA et al. · indexed
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Neural Suppression of Irrelevant Information Underlies Optimal Working Memory Performance ↗ · 2009 · Zanto, Theodore P. et al. · indexed
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Task Configuration and Encoding Duration Jointly Shape Human Performance in a Matsuzawa-Inspired Visuospatial Working Memory Task ↗ · 2026 · Charanek, Nadine et al. · indexed
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Working memory load can impair neural processing of unattended information ↗ · 2010 · Golomb, J. D. et al. · indexed
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Interference and facilitation in spatial working memory: Age-associated differences in lure effects in the n-back paradigm. · 2009 · Schmiedek, Florian et al. · archived
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Effects of Domain-specific Interference on Brain Activation Associated with Verbal Working Memory Task Performance ↗ · 2001 · Gruber, O. · indexed
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Verbal and non-verbal working memory and achievements on National Curriculum tests at 11 and 14 years of age ↗ · 2003 · Jarvis, Helen L. et al. · indexed
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Orientation-specific configuration based representations in spatial working memory ↗ · 2004 · Boduroğlu, Ayşecan et al. · indexed
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Sequential versus simultaneous presentation of memoranda in verbal working memory: (How) does it matter? ↗ · 2022 · Ordonez Magro, Laura et al. · indexed
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Visual Working Memory Capacity Load Does Not Modulate Distractor Processing ↗ · 2019 · Guo, Yang et al. · indexed
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Working memory and neural oscillations: alpha–gamma versus theta–gamma codes for distinct WM information? ↗ · 2014 · Roux, Frédéric et al. · indexed
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Precision of phonological errors in aphasia supports resource models of phonological working memory in language production ↗ · 2023 · Black, Jenah et al. · indexed
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Working Memory Has Better Fidelity Than Long-Term Memory: The Fidelity Constraint Is Not a General Property of Memory After All ↗ · 2018 · Biderman, Natalie et al. · indexed
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Semantic memory and verbal working memory correlates of N400 to subordinate homographs ↗ · 2004 · Salisbury, Dean F. · indexed
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Age-Related Changes in Verbal Working Memory Strategies ↗ · 2020 · Chevalère, Johann et al. · indexed
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Visual working memory representations during a change detection task persist in long-term memory ↗ · 2019 · Kenderla, Praveen K et al. · indexed
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Human area MT+shows load-dependent activation during working memory maintenance with continuously morphing stimulation ↗ · 2014 · Galashan, Daniela et al. · indexed
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The effect of working memory load on semantic illusions: What the phonological loop and central executive have to contribute ↗ · 2012 · Büttner, Anke Caroline · indexed
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Training of Verbal Working Memory at Sentence Level Fails to Show Transfer ↗ · 2017 · Fellman, Daniel et al. · indexed
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Spatial working memory load affects counting but not subitizing in enumeration · 2011 · Shimomura, Tomonari et al. · archived
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The role of visuospatial and verbal working memory in perceptual category learning ↗ · 2007 · Zeithamova, Dagmar et al. · indexed
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Visual working memory load persists during the comparison phase ↗ · 2024 · Zhao, Chong et al. · indexed
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Shape and color conjunction stimuli are represented as bound objects in visual working memory ↗ · 2010 · Luria, Roy et al. · indexed
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Revealing visual working memory operations with pupillometry: Encoding, maintenance, and prioritization ↗ · 2023 · Koevoet, Damian et al. · indexed
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Visual working memory load does not eliminate visuomotor repetition effects · 2019 · Rajsic, Jason et al. · archived
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Neural Measures Reveal Human Short-Term Working Memory–Varying Both Load and Cue Size ↗ · 2011 · Zhang, Ning Ning et al. · indexed
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The acquisition of a syntactic structure in L2 speech: the role of working memory capacity · 2012 · FINARDI, KYRIA et al. · archived
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Spatiotemporal processing drives the contralateral delay activity in a dual working memory and attentional tracking task ↗ · 2024 · Styrkowiec, Piotr et al. · indexed
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Working memory load differentially affects tip-of-the-tongue states and feeling-of-knowing judgments ↗ · 2008 · Schwartz, Bennett L. · indexed
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A probabilistic model of visual working memory: Incorporating higher order regularities into working memory capacity estimates. ↗ · 2012 · Brady, Timothy F. et al. · indexed
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The neural coding of tonal working memory load: An functional magnetic resonance imaging study ↗ · 2022 · Li, Qiang et al. · indexed
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The Ease of Language Understanding (ELU) model: theoretical, empirical, and clinical advances ↗ · 2013 · Rönnberg, Jerker et al. · indexed
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Dissociable online integration processes in visual working memory ↗ · 2023 · Balaban, Halely et al. · indexed
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Alpha‐band desynchronization reflects memory‐specific processes during visual change detection ↗ · 2019 · Erickson, Molly A. et al. · indexed
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The Influence of Identical Objects on Visual Working Memory Capacity: Electrophysiological Evidence ↗ · 2025 · Guo, Lijing et al. · indexed
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Resource or slot model in visual working memory: Are they different? ↗ · 2024 · Hojjati, Fatemeh et al. · indexed
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The Hippocampus: A “;Working Memory” Structure? The Effect of Hippocampal Sclerosis on Working Memory ↗ · 1996 · Cowey, Carolyn M. · indexed
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Training of Working Memory Impacts Structural Connectivity ↗ · 2010 · Takeuchi, Hikaru et al. · indexed
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Working memory limitation as a source of confusion in the abstract THOG task ↗ · 2001 · Pfeiffer, Till et al. · indexed
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The contribution of working memory capacity to foreign language comprehension in children ↗ · 2010 · Andersson, Ulf · indexed
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Visual working memory as the substrate for mental rotation: A replication · 2025 · Ebert, W. Miro et al. · archived
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Dissociation within the Frontoparietal Network in Verbal Working Memory: A Parametric Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study ↗ · 2010 · Champod, Anne Sophie et al. · indexed
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Task-Irrelevant Associative Memories Create Hidden Control Demands in Working Memory ↗ · 2026 · Wang, Lixue et al. · indexed
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What to do with Low-Priority Items: an ERP study of Resources Allocation in Visual Working Memory ↗ · 2016 · Lockhart, Holly et al. · indexed
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Binding objects to locations: The relationship between object files and visual working memory. ↗ · 2010 · Hollingworth, Andrew et al. · indexed
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Working memory capacity and L2 speech production in a picture description task with repetition · 2008 · Finardi, Kyria · archived
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Working memory, attention, and mathematical problem solving: A longitudinal study of elementary school children. ↗ · 2011 · Swanson, H. Lee · indexed
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Reactivation of Memory: Role of Medial Temporal Lobe and Prefrontal Cortex ↗ · 2003 · Sakai, Katsuyuki · indexed
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Working Memory for Complex Scenes: Age Differences in Frontal and Hippocampal Activations · 2003 · Park, Denise C. et al. · archived
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A meta-analysis of working memory in individuals with autism spectrum disorders ↗ · 2019 · Habib, Abdullah et al. · indexed
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The forward testing effect is reliable and independent of learners’ working memory capacity ↗ · 2019 · Pastötter, Bernhard et al. · indexed
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Encoding and representation of simultaneous and sequential arrays in visuospatial working memory ↗ · 2010 · Blalock, Lisa Durrance et al. · indexed
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Working memory capacity predicts listwise directed forgetting in adults and children ↗ · 2010 · Aslan, Alp et al. · indexed
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The role of attention during retrieval in working-memory span: A dual-task study ↗ · 2009 · Healey, M. Karl et al. · indexed
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Neural correlates of a load-dependent decline in visual working memory ↗ · 2022 · Li, Yaju et al. · indexed
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Dissociating working memory from task difficulty in human prefrontal cortex ↗ · 1997 · Barch, Deanna M. et al. · indexed
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Implementation of a platform-agnostic working memory span task using mobile device technology ↗ · 2016 · Nelson et al. · indexed
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Long-term memory and working memory compete and cooperate to guide attention ↗ · 2022 · Hirschstein, Zall et al. · indexed
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Working memory load impairs transfer learning in human adults ↗ · 2023 · Balter, Leonie J. T. et al. · indexed
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Prioritization in visual working memory enhances memory retention and speeds up processing in a comparison task ↗ · 2020 · Poth, Christian H. · indexed
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Dissociation of neural correlates of verbal and non-verbal visual working memory with different delays ↗ · 2007 · Rothmayr, Christoph et al. · indexed
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Feature binding and attention in working memory: A resolution of previous contradictory findings ↗ · 2012 · Allen, Richard J. et al. · indexed
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The role of left prefrontal cortex in language and memory ↗ · 1998 · Gabrieli, John D. E. et al. · indexed
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The Influence of Memory Load Upon Delay-Interval Activity in a Working-Memory Task: An Event-Related Functional MRI Study ↗ · 2000 · Jha, Amishi P. et al. · indexed
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The neurophysiology of working memory development: from childhood to adolescence and young adulthood ↗ · 2018 · Gómez, Carlos M. et al. · indexed
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Categorical bias as a crucial parameter in visual working memory: the effect of memory load and retention interval ↗ · 2022 · Zhou, Cherie et al. · indexed
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Tracking object number or information load in visual working memory: Revisiting the cognitive implication of contralateral delay activity ↗ · 2011 · Gao, Zaifeng et al. · indexed
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Effects of Stimulus Modality and Working Memory Load on Mental Synthesis Performance ↗ · 2003 · Pearson, David G. et al. · indexed
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Working memory load affects both motor replanning and execution ↗ · 2021 · Wen, Xiao et al. · indexed
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Distributed and drifting signals for working memory load in human cortex ↗ · 2025 · Adam, Kirsten C.S. et al. · indexed
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An Oscillatory Short-Term Memory Buffer Model Can Account for Data on the Sternberg Task ↗ · 1998 · Jensen, Ole et al. · indexed
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Difference Between Accuracy- and Error-Related Brain Activity with Varying Memory Load in Maintenance Phase of Working Memory ↗ · 2015 · Mao, Kaili et al. · indexed
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Correspondence problems cause repositioning costs in visual working memory ↗ · 2012 · Levillain, Florent et al. · indexed
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Visual working memory performance with contrast and external noise: A load-dependent perceptual template model account ↗ · 2011 · Najima, R. et al. · indexed
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Do binding deficits account for age-related decline in visual working memory? · 2008 · BROCKMOLE, J. R. et al. · archived
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Verbal, visual, and spatial working memory in written language production ↗ · 2007 · Kellogg, Ronald T. et al. · indexed
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Modulation of Inferotemporal Cortex Activation during Verbal Working Memory Maintenance ↗ · 2006 · Fiebach, Christian J. et al. · indexed
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The Effect of Working Memory Training on Vocabulary Recall and Retention of Iranian EFL Learners ↗ · 2022 · Marashi, Seyed Mojtaba et al. · indexed
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Not-so-working memory: Drift in fMRI pattern representations during maintenance predicts errors in a visual working memory task ↗ · 2018 · Lim, Phui Cheng et al. · indexed
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Strategic resource allocation in the human brain supports cognitive coordination of object and spatial working memory ↗ · 2010 · Jackson, Margaret C. et al. · indexed
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Functional equivalence of verbal and spatial information in serial short-term memory. ↗ · 1995 · Jones, Dylan M. et al. · indexed
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Structure and limited capacity in verbal working memory: A study with event-related potentials ↗ · 2003 · Kolk, Herman H.J. et al. · indexed
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The Neural Substrates of Recognition Memory for Verbal Information: Spanning the Divide between Short- and Long-term Memory ↗ · 2011 · Buchsbaum, Bradley R. et al. · indexed
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Neural evidence for a dissociation between the pointer system and the representations of visual working memory ↗ · 2019 · Balaban, Halely et al. · indexed
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The Testing Effect and Its Relation to Working Memory Capacity and Personality Characteristics ↗ · 2017 · Bertilsson, Frida et al. · indexed
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Visuospatial bootstrapping: Implicit binding of verbal working memory to visuospatial representations in children and adults ↗ · 2013 · Darling, Stephen et al. · indexed
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The Backward Span of the Corsi Block-Tapping Task and Its Association With the WAIS-III Digit Span ↗ · 2008 · Kessels, Roy P. C. et al. · indexed
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Working Memory in Nonsymbolic Approximate Arithmetic Processing: A Dual‐Task Study With Preschoolers ↗ · 2013 · Xenidou‐Dervou, Iro et al. · indexed
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Working Memory Impairment in Children With Developmental Dyslexia: Is it Just a Phonological Deficity? ↗ · 2011 · Menghini, Deny et al. · indexed
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Improving Verbal Working Memory though Visuospatial Stimulation with Future Theoretical Implication in Down's Syndrome ↗ · 2021 · Singh, Ritika et al. · indexed
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Verbal Working Memory Impairment in Patients With Current Episode of Unipolar Major Depressive Disorder and in Remission ↗ · 2009 · Kaneda, Yasuhiro · indexed
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Visual working memory representations in visual and parietal cortex do not remap after eye movements ↗ · 2019 · He, Tao et al. · indexed
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Children's competence at solving arithmetic operations in a working memory task ↗ · 2024 · Hutton, Una et al. · indexed
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Age-dependent contribution of visuospatial working memory to allocentric spatial recognition in a passive spatial memory task ↗ · 2026 · Tascón Mille, Laura et al. · indexed
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Robust Effects of Working Memory Demand during Naturalistic Language Comprehension in Language-Selective Cortex ↗ · 2022 · Shain, Cory et al. · indexed
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Investigating the Role of Verbal Working Memory in Young Children's Sentence Comprehension ↗ · 2013 · Boyle, Whitney et al. · indexed
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Differential representations of spatial location by aperiodic and alpha oscillatory activity in working memory ↗ · 2025 · Bender, Andrew et al. · indexed
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Is categorization in visual working memory a way to reduce mental effort? A pupillometry study ↗ · 2021 · Zhou, Cherie et al. · indexed
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How does Verbal Working Memory Contribute to Reading Comprehension? Examining the Mediation of Reading Comprehension Components ↗ · 2026 · Xie, Qiuzhi · indexed
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Neuropsychological evidence for intact verbal but impaired spatial working memory in ADHD ↗ · 2008 · D., Coghill · indexed
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Relation of Memory and Linguistic Fields and ICT Tools for Memory and Language Comprehension ↗ · 2017 · Tourimpampa, Aglaia et al. · indexed
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Magnitude-space representations in the n-back task: Long-term representations of magnitudes alter the working memory performance ↗ · 2024 · Hepdarcan, Ilgım et al. · indexed
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Neural dynamics of verbal working memory in auditory description naming ↗ · 2018 · Kambara, Toshimune et al. · indexed
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Neural Correlates of Verbal Working Memory: An fMRI Meta-Analysis ↗ · 2019 · Emch, Mónica et al. · indexed
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Electrophysiological correlates of verbal and tonal working memory ↗ · 2012 · Bittrich, Katrin et al. · indexed
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The contribution of working memory to children's mathematical word problem solving ↗ · 2006 · Andersson, Ulf · indexed
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Vocabulary recall and retention improvement: Working memory training using dual N-back task ↗ · 2023 · Marashi, Seyed Mojtaba et al. · indexed
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Activity ordering task: conceptualization and development of a novel context-based working memory task with a metacognitive facet ↗ · 2024 · Jacob, Nidhi Lalu et al. · indexed
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The contralateral delay activity as a neural measure of visual working memory ↗ · 2016 · Luria, Roy et al. · indexed
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Cognition counts: A working memory system for ease of language understanding (ELU) ↗ · 2008 · Rönnberg, Jerker et al. · indexed
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Working-memory load and temporal myopia in dynamic decision making. ↗ · 2012 · Worthy, Darrell A. et al. · indexed
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I remember it now, so I'll remember it later: Working Memory Representations Guide Inaccurate Predictions of Future Memory Performance ↗ · 2021 · Krasnoff, Julia et al. · indexed
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Interactions between visual working memory representations · 2017 · Bae, Gi-Yeul et al. · archived
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Working memory in adults who stutter using a visual N-back task ↗ · 2021 · Gkalitsiou, Zoi et al. · indexed
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Visual and verbal working memory loads interfere with scene viewing ↗ · 2019 · Cronin, Deborah et al. · indexed
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Effects of phonological and visual-spatial working memory load on Boundary Extension. ↗ · 2021 · Gottesman, Carmela et al. · indexed
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Memory Loves Company: Related Object Pairs Benefit Visual Working Memory ↗ · 2025 · Kousa, Moussa et al. · indexed
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Working Memory Load Affects Processing Time in Spoken Word Recognition: Evidence from Eye-Movements ↗ · 2016 · Hadar, Britt et al. · indexed
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Task-irrelevant Working Memory Representations Saved by Conflicts between Endogenous versus Exogenous Factors ↗ · 2024 · Jiejie, Liao et al. · indexed
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Cortical network dynamics during verbal working memory function ↗ · 2001 · Clark, C.R. et al. · indexed
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Expert or Novice? Visual Working Memory Reveals the Difference Under Load ↗ · 2024 · Jozranjbar, Bahareh et al. · indexed
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Pattern span: a tool for unwelding visuo–spatial memory ↗ · 1999 · Della Sala, Sergio et al. · indexed
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Verbal, visual, and spatial working memory demands during text composition ↗ · 2008 · OLIVE, THIERRY et al. · indexed
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Working memory deficits in high-functioning adolescents with autism spectrum disorders: neuropsychological and neuroimaging correlates · 2013 · Barendse, Evelien M. et al. · archived
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Dissociating the effects of Sternberg working memory demands in prefrontal cortex ↗ · 2007 · Altamura, Mario et al. · indexed
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Dissociable Decoding of Spatial Attention and Working Memory from EEG Oscillations and Sustained Potentials ↗ · 2017 · Bae, Gi-Yeul et al. · indexed
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Increased prefrontal and parietal activity after training of working memory ↗ · 2003 · Olesen, Pernille J et al. · indexed
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Verbal and visual-spatial working memory and mathematical ability in different domains throughout primary school ↗ · 2014 · Van de Weijer-Bergsma, Eva et al. · indexed
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Interaction between a verbal working memory network and the medial temporal lobe ↗ · 2006 · Petersson, Karl Magnus et al. · indexed
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Working memory deficits in children with reading difficulties: Memory span and dual task coordination ↗ · 2013 · Wang, Shinmin et al. · indexed
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Age differences in the reliance on executive resources during updating working memory depend on memory load ↗ · 2015 · Michel, Isingrini et al. · indexed
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Life-span development of visual working memory: When is feature binding difficult? ↗ · 2006 · Cowan, Nelson · indexed
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Neural and behavioral evidence for an online resetting process in visual working memory ↗ · 2016 · Balaban, Halely et al. · indexed
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Prospective task knowledge improves working memory-guided behaviour ↗ · 2019 · Printzlau, Frida et al. · indexed
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The interaction of concreteness and phonological similarity in verbal working memory. ↗ · 2010 · Acheson, Daniel J. et al. · indexed
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How Linguistic Closure and Verbal Working Memory Relate to Speech Recognition in Noise—A Review ↗ · 2013 · Besser, Jana et al. · indexed
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The Role of Working Memory and Divided Attention in Metaphor Interpretation ↗ · 2013 · Iskandar, Sam et al. · indexed
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Object representations in visual working memory change according to the task context ↗ · 2016 · Balaban, Halely et al. · indexed
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Dorsolateral prefrontal contributions to human working memory ↗ · 2013 · Barbey, Aron K. et al. · indexed
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The Adaptive Digit Ordering Test Clinical application, reliability, and validity of a verbal working memory test ↗ · 2002 · Werheid, K · indexed
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Coding of featural information in visual working memory in 2.5-year-old toddlers ↗ · 2020 · Cheng, Chen et al. · indexed
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Sources of Error Underlying Visual Working Memory Manipulation ↗ · 2018 · Pailian, Hrag et al. · indexed
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Functional synchronization between hippocampal sEEG, parietal ECoG and scalp EEG during a verbal working memory task ↗ · 2020 · Dimakopoulos, Vasileios et al. · indexed
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Exploring the sentence advantage in working memory: Insights from serial recall and recognition · 2018 · Allen, Richard J. et al. · archived
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Anticipation of Extra Memory Load Does Not Alter Working Memory’s Reliance on Long-term Memory ↗ · 2025 · Yılmaz, Yakup et al. · indexed
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Right parietal contributions to verbal working memory: Spatial or executive? ↗ · 2005 · Ravizza, Susan M. et al. · indexed
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Converging evidence that stereotype threat reduces working memory capacity. ↗ · 2003 · Schmader, Toni et al. · indexed
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Verbal working memory and syntactic comprehension segregate into the dorsal and ventral streams ↗ · 2024 · Matchin, William et al. · indexed
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A Paradigm for Working Memory Research : The N-Back Tasks Collaborating with Information Theory ↗ · 2020 · Changwei, Song · indexed
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Grouping in visual working memory is determined by the task context ↗ · 2015 · Balaban, Halely et al. · indexed
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The Relationship Between Age, Verbal Working Memory, and Language Comprehension. ↗ · 2004 · DeDe, Gayle et al. · indexed
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In which case is working memory for movements affected by verbal interference? Evidence from the verbal description of movement ↗ · 2021 · Xie, Tingting et al. · indexed
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Evidence for the beneficial effect of perceptual grouping on visual working memory: an empirical study on illusory contour and a meta-analytic study · 2018 · Li, Jiaofeng et al. · archived
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What happened first? Working memory and negative emotion tell you better: evidence from a temporal binding task ↗ · 2017 · Mirandola, Chiara et al. · indexed
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Age differences in verbal and visuo-spatial working memory updating: Evidence from analysis of serial position curves ↗ · 2012 · Fiore, Felicia et al. · indexed
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The effects of working memory load on visual awareness and its electrophysiological correlates ↗ · 2018 · Koivisto, Mika et al. · indexed
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Selective Effect of Negative Emotion on Spatial and Verbal Working Memory: An ERP Study ↗ · 2006 · Xuebing Li et al. · indexed
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Neuropsychology of memory function: a guide for clinicians ↗ · 2014 · Cullen, Breda et al. · indexed
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Brain oscillatory correlates of working memory constraints ↗ · 2011 · Freunberger, Roman et al. · indexed
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Compression in visual working memory: Using statistical regularities to form more efficient memory representations. ↗ · 2009 · Brady, Timothy F. et al. · indexed
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Effects of spatial configurations on the resolution of spatial working memory · 2014 · Mutluturk, Aysu et al. · archived
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Reliability of Visual Access: Modeling the trade-off between internal storage in visual working memory and external sampling ↗ · 2021 · Hoogerbrugge, Alex J. et al. · indexed
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Visual mental imagery and verbal working memory: evidence from consecutive interpreting ↗ · 2023 · Kumcu, Alper et al. · indexed
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Comparative Study Of Verbal And Symbolic Working Memory In Psychiatric Patients. ↗ · 2009 · Valentine, AU et al. · indexed
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An fMRI analysis of verbal and non-verbal working memory in people with a past history of opioid dependence ↗ · 2023 · Berenbaum, Joshua G. et al. · indexed
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Working Memory and Task Repetition in Second Language Oral Production ↗ · 2013 · AHMADIAN, Mohammad Javad · indexed
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The linguistic constraints of precision of verbal working memory ↗ · 2022 · Bouffier, Marion et al. · indexed
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Functional MRI studies of spatial and nonspatial working memory ↗ · 1998 · D'Esposito, M et al. · indexed
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Early blindness alters the spatial organization of verbal working memory ↗ · 2016 · Bottini, Roberto et al. · indexed
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Windows to the goal: Pupillary working memory signatures prospectively adapt to task demands ↗ · 2025 · Dong, Yueying et al. · indexed
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Limits of verbal labels in cognition: Category labels do not improve visual working memory performance for obfuscated objects ↗ · 2024 · Chung, Yong Hoon et al. · indexed
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Neural dynamics underlying visual and verbal working memory revealed by extensive human intracranial recordings ↗ · 2011 · Jean-Philippe, Lachaux · indexed
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Limits of verbal labels in cognition: Category labels do not improve visual working memory performance for obfuscated objects ↗ · 2025 · Chung, Yong Hoon et al. · indexed
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The effect of memory load on cortical activity in the spatial working memory circuit ↗ · 2004 · LEUNG, H.-C. et al. · indexed
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Audiospatial and Visuospatial Working Memory in 6–13 Year Old School Children ↗ · 2003 · Vuontela, Virve et al. · indexed
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Worry in imagery and verbal form: Effect on residual working memory capacity ↗ · 2011 · Leigh, Eleanor et al. · indexed
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Model-based evidence for task-dependent representations in psychological similarity and working memory ↗ · 2026 · Ngiam, William Xiang Quan et al. · indexed
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Neural correlates of spatial working memory load in a delayed match-to-sample saccade task ↗ · 2013 · Raabe, Markus et al. · indexed
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Emotional content of stimuli improves visuospatial working memory ↗ · 2015 · González-Garrido, Andrés Antonio et al. · indexed
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Articulatory suppression in language interpretation: Working memory capacity, dual tasking and word knowledge ↗ · 2005 · PADILLA, FRANCISCA et al. · indexed
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Verbal declarative memory impairments in specific language impairment are related to working memory deficits ↗ · 2015 · Lum, Jarrad A.G. et al. · indexed
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Introduction to the special issue on syntax and verbal short term/working memory in developmental disorders ↗ · 2020 · Stavrakaki, Stavroula · indexed
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Specific Mental Arithmetic Difficulties and General Arithmetic Learning Difficulties: The Role of Phonological Working Memory ↗ · 2020 · Ding, Yi et al. · indexed
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Evidence for Quantitative Domain Dominance for Verbal and Spatial Working Memory in Frontal and Parietal Cortex ↗ · 2003 · WALTER, H et al. · indexed
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Is Categorization in Visual Working Memory a Way to Reduce Mental Effort? A Pupillometry Study ↗ · 2022 · Zhou, Cherie et al. · indexed
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“Plateau”-related summary statistics are uninformative for comparing working memory models ↗ · 2014 · van den Berg, Ronald et al. · indexed
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Working Memory Load in the Initial Learning Phase Facilitates Relearning: A Study of Vocabulary Learning ↗ · 2008 · Sasaki, Takashi · indexed
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The Role of Location in Feature Binding in Working Memory ↗ · 2025 · Al Hadhrami, Suaad Said et al. · indexed
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Rapid instructed task learning (but not automatic effects of instructions) is influenced by working memory load ↗ · 2019 · Pereg, Maayan et al. · indexed
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Learning written word vocabulary in a second language: Theoretical and practical implications ↗ · 2018 · WEEKES, BRENDAN STUART · indexed
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Strategy guides feature recall of a single object in working memory task ↗ · 2020 · Sengupta, Rakesh et al. · indexed
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Load matters: neural correlates of verbal working memory in children with autism spectrum disorder · 2018 · Vogan, Vanessa M. et al. · archived
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Mental Rotation in an n-back Task: Performance related Working Memory Manipulation in Parietal Cortex ↗ · 2012 · David, Crewther · indexed
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Developmental trends of verbal working memory in typically developing children ↗ · 2025 · Spandita, H. L. et al. · indexed
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Fronto–temporo–occipital activity changes with age during a visual working memory developmental study in children, adolescents and adults ↗ · 2015 · Barriga-Paulino, Catarina Isabel et al. · indexed
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Contralateral delay activity is sensitive to the spatial distribution of items in working memory: An ERP study ↗ · 2010 · Wang, Lei et al. · indexed
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The Prefrontal Cortex: Response Selection or Maintenance Within Working Memory? ↗ · 2000 · Rowe, James B. et al. · indexed
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Top-down attentional shift in object working memory task: A distinction between 'what' and 'where' in visual working memory still remains uncertain ↗ · 2010 · Ahn, J.-W. et al. · indexed
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Increases in cortisol are positively associated with gains in encoding and maintenance working memory performance in young men ↗ · 2013 · Stauble, Melissa R. et al. · indexed
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Simultaneous estimation procedure reveals the object-based, but not space-based, dependence of visual working memory representations ↗ · 2021 · Sone, Hirotaka et al. · indexed
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The neural correlates of working memory training in typically developing children · 2022 · Jones, Jonathan S et al. · archived
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Similarity-Based Interference in a Working Memory Numerical Updating Task ↗ · 2012 · Pelegrina, Santiago et al. · indexed
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A scalable touchscreen-based spatial working memory task for cross-species research ↗ · 2026 · Vanderlip, Casey R. et al. · indexed
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Temporal dynamics of basal ganglia response and connectivity during verbal working memory ↗ · 2007 · Chang, Catherine et al. · indexed
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Investigating how illusory objects are represented in visual working memory ↗ · 2020 · Ping, Elliot E.C. et al. · indexed
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Verbal working memory predicts co-speech gesture: Evidence from individual differences ↗ · 2014 · Gillespie, Maureen et al. · indexed
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The Validity and Reliability Study of the Working Memory Rating Scale in Early Childhood ↗ · 2021 · REZZAGİL, Meryem et al. · indexed
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Event-related potential responses to perceptual reversals are modulated by working memory load ↗ · 2014 · Intaitė, Monika et al. · indexed
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The hippocampus supports high-resolution binding in the service of perception, working memory and long-term memory ↗ · 2013 · Yonelinas, Andrew P. · indexed
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Visual working memory performance is intact across development in autism spectrum disorder ↗ · 2021 · Lynn, Andrew et al. · indexed
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Tracking Reactivation of Location Information during Memory Maintenance Strategies: Insights from Eye Movements. ↗ · 2024 · Bhanap, Ruhi et al. · indexed
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Mapping of verbal working memory in nonfluent Chinese–English bilinguals with functional MRI ↗ · 2004 · Xue, Gui et al. · indexed
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Neural synchrony between prefrontal and visual cortex supports visual working memory ↗ · 2026 · Dake, Mrugank et al. · indexed
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Spatial working memory load impairs manual but not saccadic inhibition of return ↗ · 2011 · Zhang, Yang et al. · indexed
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Story retelling and verbal working memory in people with aphasia ↗ · 2019 · The Korean Association of Speech-Language Pathologists et al. · indexed
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Working Memory in Children With Learning Disabilities in Reading Versus Spelling ↗ · 2014 · Brandenburg, Janin et al. · indexed
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Datos normativos para el test de Span Visual: estudio evolutivo de la memoria de trabajo visual y la memoria de trabajo verbal ↗ · 2012 · Hernández, Sergio et al. · indexed
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The benefit of surface uniformity for encoding boundary features in visual working memory. ↗ · 2011 · Kim, Sung-Ho et al. · indexed
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Cerebellar contributions to verbal working memory: beyond cognitive theory ↗ · 2007 · Ben-Yehudah, Gal et al. · indexed
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Memory load modulates the dynamics of visual working memory. ↗ · 2018 · Panichello, Matthew et al. · indexed
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A Hierarchical Bayesian Analysis of Memory Load Effects on Visual Working Memory Precision ↗ · 2026 · Jaripour, Erfan · indexed
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Emotion Regulation Skills Affect Working Memory Performance: a Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (Fnirs) Study* ↗ · 2022 · Kodak, Rabia Nur et al. · indexed
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Integration of Distinct Objects in Visual Working Memory Depends on Strong Objecthood Cues Even for Different-Dimension Conjunctions ↗ · 2015 · Balaban, Halely et al. · indexed
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Categorical modulation of contents in visual working memory by simple foveal discrimination ↗ · 2015 · Bae, Gi-Yeul et al. · indexed
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Auditory event-related potentials during a spatial working memory task ↗ · 2008 · Rader, S.K. et al. · indexed
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Encoding and performance in sentence verification under varying memory load ↗ · 1977 · Carr, Thomas H. et al. · indexed
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The neurophysiological index of visual working memory maintenance is not due to load dependent eye movements ↗ · 2014 · Kang, Min-Suk et al. · indexed
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The emotional startle effect is disrupted by a concurrent working memory task ↗ · 2011 · King, Rosemary et al. · indexed
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Relationship Between Prefrontal Task-Related Activity And Information Flow During Spatial Working Memory Performance ↗ · 2007 · Takeda, Kazuyoshi et al. · indexed
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Taking working memory training from the laboratory into schools ↗ · 2013 · Holmes, Joni et al. · indexed
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The Pupillary Light Response Reflects Visual Working Memory Content ↗ · 2018 · Hustá, Cecília et al. · indexed
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Measuring Working Memory in Aphasic Individuals with Electroencephalography and N-Back Tasks ↗ · 2023 · Concatto, Fernando et al. · indexed
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The pupillary light response reflects visual working memory content. ↗ · 2019 · Hustá, Cecília et al. · indexed
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Electrophysiological indices of altered working memory processes in long‐term ecstasy users ↗ · 2011 · Nulsen, Claire et al. · indexed
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Hemispheric lateralization during maintenance of verbal and visuospatial working memory ↗ · 2025 · Huang, Jingya et al. · indexed
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The effects of offline and online prefrontal vs parietal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on verbal and spatial working memory ↗ · 2021 · Živanović, Marko et al. · indexed
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Verbal Working Memory and Story Retelling in School-Age Children With Autism ↗ · 2008 · Gabig, Cheryl Smith · indexed
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Cerebrocerebellar networks during articulatory rehearsal and verbal working memory tasks ↗ · 2005 · Chen, S.H. Annabel et al. · indexed
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Complex Sentence Comprehension and Working Memory in Children With Specific Language Impairment ↗ · 2008 · Montgomery, James W. et al. · indexed
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The impact of verbal working memory on number–space associations. ↗ · 2014 · Ginsburg, Véronique et al. · indexed
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Task modality and working memory: oral production improvement through a text-reconstruction task across various proficiency levels in L2 ↗ · 2024 · Sletova, Natalia · indexed
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The role of redundant verbal labels in 8- and 10-month-olds’ working memory ↗ · 2021 · Fitch, Allison et al. · indexed
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Activity in fusiform face area modulated as a function of working memory load ↗ · 2001 · Druzgal, T.Jason et al. · indexed
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Working Memory in Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Effects of Verbal and Image-Based Worry and Relation to Cognitive and Emotional Processes ↗ · 2022 · Tallon, Kathleen et al. · indexed
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No effect of monetary reward in a visual working memory task ↗ · 2019 · van den Berg, Ronald et al. · indexed
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The roles of alpha oscillation in working memory retention ↗ · 2019 · Wianda, Elvis et al. · indexed
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Working memory load modulates the auditory “What” and “Where” neural networks ↗ · 2011 · Leung, Ada W.S. et al. · indexed
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Selective Association Between Tetris Game Play and Visuospatial Working Memory: A Preliminary Investigation ↗ · 2017 · Lau‐Zhu, Alex et al. · indexed
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Age related effects on working memory: event-related potential differences between high and low performing old and young adults ↗ · 2011 · Natasha, Maurits · indexed
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Visuospatial memory in dyslexia: Evidence for strategic deficits ↗ · 2012 · Bacon, Alison M. et al. · indexed
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Changes in Effective Connectivity According to Working Memory Load: An fMRI Study of Face and Location Working Memory Tasks ↗ · 2012 · Kim, Joon Shik et al. · indexed
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EEG alpha power change during working memory encoding in adults with different memory performance levels ↗ · 2017 · Wang, Ruimin et al. · indexed
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Frontal and parietal theta burst TMS impairs working memory for visual-spatial conjunctions ↗ · 2013 · Morgan, Helen M. et al. · indexed
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Verbal and visuo-spatial working memory in cerebral palsy patients ↗ · 2012 · Wang, Jiali et al. · indexed
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Dissociation of Verbal and Spatial Working Memory in the Fronto-Parietal Network (P07.186) ↗ · 2012 · Shields, J. et al. · indexed
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Liar, liar, working memory on fire: Investigating the role of working memory in childhood verbal deception ↗ · 2015 · Alloway, Tracy Packiam et al. · indexed
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A shared serial order system for verbal working memory and language production: Evidence from aphasia ↗ · 2022 · Tian, Yingxue et al. · indexed
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Lexico-syntactic constraints influence verbal working memory in sentence-like lists ↗ · 2023 · Schwering, Steven C. et al. · indexed
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Left parietal alpha enhancement during working memory-intensive sentence processing ↗ · 2013 · Meyer, Lars et al. · indexed
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The effect of verbal working memory load in speech/gesture integration processing ↗ · 2018 · Kandana Arachchige, Kendra et al. · indexed
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A computational model of frontal lobe dysfunction: working memory and the Tower of Hanoi task ↗ · 2001 · Goela, Vinod et al. · indexed
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Selective visual working memory in fear of spiders: The role of automaticity and material-specificity ↗ · 2009 · Reinecke, Andrea et al. · indexed
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Working memory load attenuates the match effect in sentence-picture verification ↗ · 2026 · Thomas, Laura E. · indexed
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Planning and spatial working memory following frontal lobe lesions in man ↗ · 1990 · Owen, Adrian M. et al. · indexed
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Working Memory Load Strengthens Reward Prediction Errors ↗ · 2017 · Collins, Anne G.E. et al. · indexed
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Olfactory working memory: exploring the differences in<i>n</i>-back memory for high and low verbalisable odorants ↗ · 2019 · Moss, Andrew et al. · indexed
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Revision of the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test: Studies of normal performance, reliability, and validity. ↗ · 1996 · Benedict, Ralph H. B. et al. · indexed
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What did you choose just now? Chimpanzees’ short-term retention of memories of their own behavior ↗ · 2014 · Tomonaga, Masaki et al. · indexed
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Deception and Cognitive Load: Expanding Our Horizon with a Working Memory Model ↗ · 2016 · Sporer, Siegfried L. · indexed
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Verbal Working Memory Is Related to the Acquisition of Cross-Linguistic Phonological Regularities ↗ · 2017 · Bosma, Evelyn et al. · indexed
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Learned reward association improves visual working memory. ↗ · 2014 · Gong, Mengyuan et al. · indexed
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Working memory constructs joint probabilistic task representations for decision-making ↗ · 2024 · Chen, Xitong et al. · indexed
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Theta-gamma phase-phase coupling during working memory maintenance in the human hippocampus ↗ · 2015 · Chaieb, Leila et al. · indexed
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Speech and Span: Working Memory Capacity Impacts the Use of Animacy but Not of World Knowledge during Spoken Sentence Comprehension ↗ · 2010 · Nakano, Hiroko et al. · indexed
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Neural evidence for categorical biases in working memory for location and orientation ↗ · 2020 · Bae, Gi-Yeul · indexed
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Effects of working memory load on lexical-semantic encoding in language production ↗ · 2008 · Belke, Eva · indexed
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Categorical bias, inter-item interaction, and serial dependence in visual working memory ↗ · 2022 · Bae, Gi-Yeul · indexed
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Dissociated pattern of neural correlates for verbal and non-verbal coding strategies in visual working memory ↗ · 2010 · Greenlee, M. W. et al. · indexed
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Spatial Inferences in Narrative Comprehension: the Role of Verbal and Spatial Working Memory ↗ · 2016 · Irrazabal, Natalia et al. · indexed
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Endless Swipes and Recommendations: The Impact of Short-Form Video Platforms on Context-Switching and Children’s Working Memory ↗ · 2026 · Siy, Cheryl M. et al. · indexed
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The contributions of cerebro-cerebellar circuitry to executive verbal working memory ↗ · 2010 · Marvel, Cherie L. et al. · indexed
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Working memory load does not reduce the SNARC effect: Replication of van Dijck, Gevers, &amp; Fias (2009), Experiment 1 ↗ · 2022 · de Leeuw, Joshua R et al. · indexed
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Functional Topography of the Cerebellum in Verbal Working Memory ↗ · 2010 · Marvel, Cherie L. et al. · indexed
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Development of a superior frontal–intraparietal network for visuo-spatial working memory ↗ · 2006 · Klingberg, Torkel · indexed
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The role of working memory for syntactic formulation in language production. ↗ · 2018 · Ivanova, Iva et al. · indexed
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Sentence processing and verbal working memory in a white-matter-disconnection patient ↗ · 2014 · Meyer, Lars et al. · indexed
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Categorical Biases Emulate Verbal Coding in Visual Working Memory ↗ · 2022 · Pereira Seabra, Joana et al. · indexed
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Syntactic complexity does not affect verbal working memory capacity in non-fluent variant PPA ↗ · 2016 · Eleni, Peristeri et al. · indexed
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Story Retelling and Verbal Working Memory in Young Adults With a History of COVID-19: Cross-Sectional Study ↗ · 2025 · Yoo, Hyunsoo · indexed
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Bilinguals’ Working Memory (WM) Advantage and Their Dual Language Practices ↗ · 2017 · Yang, Eunju · indexed
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Cholinergic Enhancement and Increased Selectivity of Perceptual Processing During Working Memory ↗ · 2000 · Furey, Maura L. et al. · indexed
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Abstract 3021: Areas of Chronic Infarct Associated with Impaired Verbal Working Memory ↗ · 2012 · Varma, Daniel et al. · indexed
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Training the removal of negative information from working memory: A preliminary investigation of a working memory bias modification task ↗ · 2015 · Robinaugh, Donald J. et al. · indexed
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Hijacking limitations of working memory load to test for composition in language ↗ · 2024 · Ullman, Michael T. et al. · indexed
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LFPs network of hippocampal-prefrontal circuit during working memory task ↗ · 2015 · Liu, Tiaotiao et al. · indexed
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Spatial working memory deficits represent a core challenge for rehabilitating neglect. ↗ · 2013 · eStriemer, Christopher et al. · indexed
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Relationship between Relaxation by Guided Imagery and Performance of Working Memory ↗ · 2000 · Hudetz, Judith A. et al. · indexed
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Slow Theta tACS of the Right Parietal Cortex Enhances Contralateral Visual Working Memory Capacity · 2019 · Bender, Monika et al. · archived
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Verbal Working Memory and Verbal Memory’s Relationship to Discourse Comprehension in Healthy Elderly ↗ · 2014 · Choi, Hyunjoo · indexed
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Verbal Working Memory and Short-term Memory: Bilingual vs Monolingual Children ↗ · 2021 · Ozfidan, Burhan · indexed
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Strengthening concept learning by repeated testing ↗ · 2014 · Carola Wiklund‐Hörnqvist et al. · indexed
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Verbal and visual-spatial working memory performance in Arabic monolingual and English/Arabic bilingual Kuwaiti children ↗ · 2016 · Khashawi, F. · indexed
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Cognitive vs. Linguistic Training in Children with Developmental Language Disorder: Exploring Their Effectiveness on Verbal Short-Term Memory and Verbal Working Memory ↗ · 2024 · Bachourou, Theodora et al. · indexed
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Disruption of Cerebellar Prediction in Verbal Working Memory ↗ · 2019 · Sheu, Yi-Shin et al. · indexed
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Verbal and Visuospatial Working Memory in Arabic-English Female Bilinguals: Is There an Advantage? ↗ · 2022 · Abdullah Alazzaz, Lubna et al. · indexed
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Trained recurrent neural networks develop phase-locked limit cycles in a working memory task ↗ · 2023 · Pals, Matthijs et al. · indexed
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Verbal and Visuospatial Working Memory in Arabic-English Female Bilinguals: Is There an Advantage? ↗ · 2023 · Alazzaz, Lubna Abdullah et al. · indexed
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Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Modulates Verbal Working Memory ↗ · 2013 · Boehringer, Andreas et al. · indexed
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Estradiol facilitates performance as working memory load increases ↗ · 1999 · Bimonte, Heather A. et al. · indexed
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Verbal working memory resources and comprehension of relative clauses in children with cochlear implants ↗ · 2020 · Volpato, Francesca · indexed
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Emergence of task-dependent representations in working memory circuits ↗ · 2014 · Savin, Cristina et al. · indexed
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Revealing linguistic and verbal short-term and working memory abilities in people with severe aphasia ↗ · 2024 · Greenspan, Wendy et al. · indexed
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Meaningful Memory in Acute Anorexia Nervosa Patients—Comparing Recall, Learning, and Recognition of Semantically Related and Semantically Unrelated Word Stimuli ↗ · 2016 · Terhoeven, Valentin et al. · indexed
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Material-specific lateralization in the medial temporal lobe and prefrontal cortex during memory encoding ↗ · 2001 · Golby, Alexandra J. · indexed
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A Study Measuring the Impact of Memory Training and Phonological Processing Intervention on Verbal Working Memory and Phonological Skills in Children ↗ · 2024 · S Venkatesan S, Haleemunnissa · indexed
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Verbal working memory assessment in Russian-Brazilian Portuguese bilinguals ↗ · 2021 · Skorobogatova, Aleksandra S. et al. · indexed
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Verbal Working Memory and Syntax Comprehension Skills in Children with Developmental Language Disorders and Typically Developing Peers ↗ · 2025 · Aljadaan, Adel F. · indexed
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Humpty Dumpty had a great... banana'? Children's sentence completions in a working memory reading task ↗ · 2024 · Towse, John Nicholas et al. · indexed
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Grass is coloured ... red? Further sentence completion norms for children during a working memory reading task ↗ · 2024 · Towse, John Nicholas et al. · indexed
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Implementation Guidelines of WDSRAM and Comparison with Typical SRAM Using Nanoscale Hierarchical Implementation Model ↗ · 2019 · Simopoulos, Theodoros et al. · indexed