The Dynamic Signalization of Calamity Routes – A Driving Simulator Study

Cornu, Joris; Brijs, Kris; Brijs, Tom; Wets, Geert · 2015 · Crossref

DOI: 10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.629

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Summary

This study investigates the effectiveness of dynamic signalization strategies for rerouting drivers during calamities, such as accidents, at freeway interchanges. Calamities near interchanges can block multiple traffic branches, causing congestion and safety hazards. The research focuses on tactical information dissemination (within 5 km of the incident) using a sequential message strategy that combines digital variable message signs (VMS) with static signage and letter coding. The primary objectives were to determine whether road users process the displayed information and whether they follow the resulting rerouting instructions. The methodology employed a driving simulator study involving sixteen volunteers aged 20 to 75. Participants navigated five scenarios based on real-life full HD video footage of a Belgian freeway interchange, with 3D virtual traffic signs digitally integrated into the environment. The simulator included an eye-tracking system to monitor visual behavior. The experimental design tested a three-step message strategy: Step 1 involved a digital display (either a roadside cantilever or overhead gantry) announcing the calamity and advising an exit; Step 2 used a static sign at the exit entry to specify the deviation route via letter codes; and Step 3 used a static sign at the exit end to indicate the final direction. Participants’ route choices and fixation times were recorded. Results indicated that the sequential message strategy was generally effective. At Step 1, at least 13 out of 16 participants made the correct route choice in all scenarios. Errors at subsequent steps were minimal, though some participants failed to recall the correct letter code at the exit end. Visual behavior analysis revealed that cantilever displays generated slightly longer average fixation times than gantry displays, although this difference was not statistically significant. Subjectively, participants reported that cantilever displays were more difficult to detect and read than gantry displays. The study identified six distinct driver groups based on their fixation timing, comprehension, and adherence to instructions, with the largest group correctly processing and following the signs. The findings suggest that a structured, sequential approach to calamity routing—combining digital warnings with static letter-coded guidance—is effective in guiding drivers to safe diversions. While most drivers complied with the instructions, the study highlights variations in driver behavior, including instances of late fixation or conscious non-compliance. The results support the use of proactive, ex-ante evaluation methods, such as driving simulators, to optimize traffic sign design and placement before infrastructure implementation, thereby enhancing road safety and traffic flow management during emergencies.

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Topics

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• external distraction
• signaling behavior
• signage environment
• visual
• vru facing ehmi
• ehmi external hmi

Information type

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• Empirical Findings: behavioral performance data
• Methodological Resource: tool software, measurement protocol