ehmi external hmi

External human-machine interfaces: displays, light bands, projections, or signals on the vehicle exterior that communicate an automated vehicle's intent or state to pedestrians, cyclists, and other road users. Concerns outward-facing signaling to people outside the car, NOT wireless machine-to-machine connectivity (v2x_connected_vehicle) or disclosure of operating limits to the driver (odd_communication).

923 paper(s) · ranked by relevance to this topic

1. External Human–Machine Interfaces for Autonomous Vehicle-to-Pedestrian Communication: A Review of Empirical Work · 2019 · Rouchitsas, Alexandros et al. · archived
2. Understanding the Messages Conveyed by Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2019 · Lee, Yee Mun et al. · indexed
3. External HMI for self-driving vehicles: Which information shall be displayed? ↗ · 2020 · Faas, Stefanie M. et al. · indexed
4. External Human–Machine Interfaces for Automated Vehicles in Shared Spaces: A Review of the Human–Computer Interaction Literature · 2023 · Brill, Sarah et al. · archived
5. Principles for External Human–Machine Interfaces · 2023 · Wilbrink, Marc et al. · archived
6. Effects of a light-based communication approach as an external HMI for Automated Vehicles - a Wizard-of-Oz Study ↗ · 2020 · Hensch, Ann-Christin et al. · indexed
7. Comparison of External Human–Machine Interfaces for Presenting the Intention to Yield from an Automated Vehicle to a Driver ↗ · 2025 · Saeki, Hidehiro et al. · indexed
8. Evaluation of external HMI in autonomous vehicles based on pedestrian road crossing decision-making model ↗ · 2021 · JIANG, Qianni et al. · indexed
9. Understanding the Headless Rider: Display-Based Awareness and Intent-Communication in Automated Vehicle-Pedestrian Interaction in Mixed Traffic ↗ · 2021 · Forke, Julia et al. · indexed
10. Exploring External Human Machine Interface Design for Autonomous Vehicle to Pedestrian Communication: Insights from Discussions and Drawing Sessions ↗ · 2024 · Alhawiti, Ali et al. · indexed
11. Pedestrian Decision-Making Responses to External Human-Machine Interface Designs for Autonomous Vehicles ↗ · 2019 · Burns, Christopher G. et al. · indexed
12. External human–machine interfaces: Gimmick or necessity? ↗ · 2022 · de Winter, Joost et al. · indexed
13. The Case for Implicit External Human-Machine Interfaces for Autonomous Vehicles ↗ · 2019 · Moore, Dylan et al. · indexed
14. Designing for Projection-based Communication between Autonomous Vehicles and Pedestrians · 2019 · Nguyen, Trung Thanh et al. · archived
15. Communicating Intent of Automated Vehicles to Pedestrians · 2018 · Habibovic, Azra et al. · archived
16. Assessment of external interface of autonomous vehicles · 2021 · Orlický, Adam et al. · archived
17. External Human-Machine Interfaces on Automated Vehicles: Effects on Pedestrian Crossing Decisions · 2019 · de Clercq, Koen et al. · archived
18. Stop or Go? Let me Know! ↗ · 2021 · Mirnig, Alexander G. et al. · indexed
19. eHMI for All -- Investigating the Effect of External Communication of Automated Vehicles on Pedestrians, Manual Drivers, and Cyclists in Virtual Reality · 2026 · Colley, Mark et al. · archived
20. The Effects of Explicit Intention Communication, Conspicuous Sensors, and Pedestrian Attitude in Interactions with Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2020 · Ackermans, Sander et al. · indexed
21. Investigating the Need for Explicit Communication of Non-Yielding Intent through a Slow-Pulsing Light Band (SPLB) eHMI in AV-Pedestrian Interaction ↗ · 2022 · Dey, Debargha et al. · indexed
22. Taming the eHMI jungle: A classification taxonomy to guide, compare, and assess the design principles of automated vehicles' external human-machine interfaces ↗ · 2020 · Dey, Debargha et al. · indexed
23. An experimental study to investigate design and assessment criteria: What is important for communication between pedestrians and automated vehicles? ↗ · 2019 · Ackermann, Claudia et al. · indexed
24. One Solution Fits All? Evaluating Different Communication Strategies of a Light-based External Human-Machine Interface for Differently Sized Automated Vehicles from a Pedestrian’s Perspective ↗ · 2022 · Lau, Merle et al. · indexed
25. Impact of External Human–Machine Interface Communication Strategies of Automated Vehicles on Pedestrians’ Crossing Decisions and Behaviors in an Urban Environment ↗ · 2021 · Wilbrink, Marc et al. · indexed
26. Communicating the intention of an automated vehicle to pedestrians: The contributions of eHMI and vehicle behavior ↗ · 2020 · Dey, Debargha et al. · indexed
27. Communicating Awareness and Intent in Autonomous Vehicle-Pedestrian Interaction ↗ · 2018 · Mahadevan, Karthik et al. · indexed
28. External communication of automated shuttles: Results, experiences, and lessons learned from three European long-term research projects · 2022 · Mirnig, Alexander G. et al. · archived
29. Equipping Vehicles with Novel eHMIs Potentially Changes How Pedestrians Interact with Vehicles Without eHMIs ↗ · 2023 · Eisele, Daniel et al. · indexed
30. Towards Scalable eHMIs: Designing for AV-VRU Communication Beyond One Pedestrian ↗ · 2021 · Dey, Debargha et al. · indexed
31. Allusion 2: External Communication for SAE L4 Vehicles · 2023 · Rossi-Alvarez, Alexandria I et al. · archived
32. External Human-machine Interface Design for Automated Vehicles Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process ↗ · 2022 · Yang, Jing et al. · indexed
33. Automated Driving Systems’ Communication of Intent with Shared Road Users · 2021 · Jenness, James et al. · archived
34. Interface Concepts for Intent Communication from Autonomous Vehicles to Vulnerable Road Users ↗ · 2018 · Dey, Debargha et al. · indexed
35. Pedestrians’ perceptions of automated vehicle movements and light-based eHMIs in real world conditions: A test track study ↗ · 2023 · Carlowitz, Stefanie et al. · indexed
36. On face value: a ghost driver field study investigating interactions between pedestrians and a driverless vehicle with anthropomorphic displays ↗ · 2025 · Large, David R. et al. · indexed
37. Editorial: Interaction between automated vehicles and other road users · 2023 · Wintersberger, Philipp et al. · archived
38. How to improve pedestrians' trust in automated vehicles: new road infrastructure, external human–machine interface with anthropomorphism, or conventional road signaling? · 2023 · Bonneviot, Flavie et al. · archived
39. A Systematic Review on Design Space of External Human-Machine Interface for Autonomous Vehicle ↗ · 2020 · Lee, Seul Chan · indexed
40. External HMI for Automated Vehicles: Adding a Communication Perspective for all Road Users ↗ · 2022 · Gao, Ruolin et al. · indexed
41. Pedestrians’ perceptions of automated vehicle movements and light-based eHMIs in real world conditions: A test track study ↗ · 2021 · Carlowitz, Stefanie et al. · indexed
42. Pedestrian Carelessness toward Traffic Environment Due to External Human–Machine Interfaces of Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2021 · Daimon, Tatsuru et al. · indexed
43. Exploration of Factors Impacting the Successful Adoption of External Vehicle Interfaces · 2019 · Reimer, Bryan · archived
44. What Should Automated Vehicles Communicate to Human Drivers? Prioritizing External Human-Machine Interface Information Based on the Four-Sides Model ↗ · 2026 · Zhou, Di et al. · indexed
45. Color and Animation Preferences for a Light Band eHMI in Interactions Between Automated Vehicles and Pedestrians · 2020 · Dey, Debargha et al. · archived
46. Pedestrian interaction with multiple highly automated vehicles: Effects of LED- and augmented reality eHMIs · 2026 · Wilbrink, Marc et al. · archived
47. From HMI to HMIs: Towards an HMI Framework for Automated Driving · 2020 · Bengler, Klaus et al. · archived
48. Bio-inspired intent communication for automated vehicles ↗ · 2021 · Oudshoorn, Max et al. · indexed
49. Toward a Holistic Communication Approach to an Automated Vehicle's Communication With Pedestrians: Combining Vehicle Kinematics With External Human-Machine Interfaces for Differently Sized Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2022 · Lau, Merle et al. · indexed
50. How should external human-machine interfaces behave? Examining the effects of colour, position, message, activation distance, vehicle yielding, and visual distraction among 1,434 participants ↗ · 2021 · Bazilinskyy, P. et al. · indexed
51. Multi-Modal eHMIs: The Relative Impact of Light and Sound in AV-Pedestrian Interaction ↗ · 2024 · Dey, Debargha et al. · indexed
52. Running into Traffic: Investigating External Human-Machine Interfaces for Automated Vehicle-Runner Interaction ↗ · 2026 · Al-Taie, Ammar et al. · indexed
53. Vehicle Automation–Other Road User Communication and Coordination: Theory and Mechanisms · 2020 · Domeyer, Joshua E. et al. · archived
54. Hello, is it me you’re Stopping for? The Effect of external Human Machine Interface Familiarity on Pedestrians’ Crossing Behaviour in an Ambiguous Situation ↗ · 2024 · Lee, Yee Mun et al. · indexed
55. How Should Automated Vehicles Interact with Pedestrians? ↗ · 2019 · Löcken, Andreas et al. · indexed
56. Light-Based External Human Machine Interface: Color Evaluation for Self-Driving Vehicle and Pedestrian Interaction · 2019 · Faas, Stefanie M. et al. · archived
57. Distance-Dependent eHMIs for the Interaction Between Automated Vehicles and Pedestrians ↗ · 2020 · Dey, Debargha et al. · indexed
58. Unsettled Issues Regarding Visual Communication Between Automated Vehicles and Other Road Users ↗ · 2021 · Beiker, Sven · indexed
59. Importance of Instruction for Pedestrian-Automated Driving Vehicle Interaction with an External Human Machine Interface: Effects on Pedestrians' Situation Awareness, Trust, Perceived Risks and Decision Making ↗ · 2021 · Liu, Hailong et al. · indexed
60. External Human-Machine-Interfaces on Automated Vehicles: Which message and perspective do pedestrians in crossing situations understand best? ↗ · 2022 · Ludwig Weiß, Sebastian et al. · indexed
61. Self-Driving Vehicles and Pedestrian Interaction: Does an External Human-Machine Interface Mitigate the Threat of a Tinted Windshield or a Distracted Driver? ↗ · 2021 · Faas, Stefanie M. et al. · indexed
62. Gestaltungsdimensionen der Kommunikation von automatisierten Fahrzeugen und anderen Verkehrsteilnehmenden Design dimensions of the communication between automated vehicles and other road users · 2020 · Joisten, Philip et al. · archived
63. Ghost on the Windshield: Employing a Virtual Human Character to Communicate Pedestrian Acknowledgement and Vehicle Intention · 2022 · Rouchitsas, Alexandros et al. · archived
64. Express What I Think: The Impact of External Human-Machine Interfaces on the Performance of Lane Change Maneuvers · 2025 · Li, Ruolan et al. · archived
65. Get Out of The Way! Examining eHMIs in Critical Driver-Pedestrian Encounters in a Coupled Simulator ↗ · 2022 · Bazilinskyy, Pavlo et al. · indexed
66. Bystander Interactions With Failing Vehicle Autonomy · 2018 · Steinfeld, Aaron et al. · archived
67. Pedestrians’ perceptions, fixations, and decisions towards automated vehicles with varied appearances ↗ · 2024 · Lyu, Wei et al. · indexed
68. Shape-Changing Interfaces in the Automotive Context: A Taxonomy to Aid the Systematic Development of Intuitive Gesture-Based eHMIs ↗ · 2022 · Dey, Debargha et al. · indexed
69. Combining Internal and External Communication: The Design of a Holistic Human-Machine Interface for Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2024 · Verstegen, Rutger et al. · indexed
70. External Human–Machine Interfaces of Autonomous Vehicles: Insights from Observations on the Behavior of Game Players Driving Conventional Cars in Mixed Traffic ↗ · 2024 · Lim, Dokshin et al. · indexed
71. Should automated vehicles communicate their state or intent? Effects of eHMI activations and non-activations on pedestrians’ trust formation and crossing behavior ↗ · 2024 · Eisele, Daniel et al. · indexed
72. Standardized Test Procedure for External Human–Machine Interfaces of Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2020 · Kaß, Christina et al. · indexed
73. Matching vs. Mismatching Signals of External Human-Machine Interface and Vehicle Kinematics: An Examination of Pedestrian Crossing Behavior and Trust, Safety, and Affective Ratings in Interactions with Differently Sized Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2024 · Lau, Merle et al. · indexed
74. Investigating Implicit and Explicit Communication of Highly Automated Vehicles in Japan: How do Light-band eHMIs affect Pedestrians’ Willingness to Cross, Trust and Perceived Safety? ↗ · 2024 · Lau, Merle et al. · indexed
75. Creating informed public acceptance by a user-centered human-machine interface for all automated transport modes · 2022 · Mathis, Lesley-Ann et al. · archived
76. A Survey: Why and How Automated Vehicles Should Communicate to Other Road-Users ↗ · 2018 · Onishi, Hirofumi · indexed
77. A Video-Based, Eye-Tracking Study to Investigate the Effect of eHMI Modalities and Locations on Pedestrian–Automated Vehicle Interaction ↗ · 2022 · Guo, Fu et al. · indexed
78. Road users rarely use explicit communication when interacting in today’s traffic: implications for automated vehicles ↗ · 2020 · Lee, Yee Mun et al. · indexed
79. What externally presented information do VRUs require when interacting with fully Automated Road Transport Systems in shared space? · 2018 · Merat, Natasha et al. · archived
80. Interpersonal communication and issues for autonomous vehicles. · 2017 · Stanciu, Sergiu C. et al. · archived
81. Exploring Assistance Methods for Communication between Pedestrians and Automated Vehicles: A Need-Driven Study in Japanese Depopulated Areas ↗ · 2022 · Lee, Jieun et al. · indexed
82. Learning to interpret novel eHMI: The effect of vehicle kinematics and eHMI familiarity on pedestrian’ crossing behavior ↗ · 2022 · Lee, Yee Mun et al. · indexed
83. Impact of eHMI on Pedestrians’ Interactions with Level-5 Automated Driving Systems ↗ · 2025 · Marcus, Viktoria et al. · indexed
84. Towards guidelines and verification methods for automated vehicle HMIs · 2018 · Naujoks, Frederik et al. · archived
85. Take It to the Curb: Scalable Communication Between Autonomous Cars and Vulnerable Road Users Through Curbstone Displays ↗ · 2022 · Holländer, Kai et al. · indexed
86. Should an external human-machine interface flash or just show text? A study with a gaze-contingent setup ↗ · 2023 · Eisma, Yke Bauke et al. · indexed
87. Investigating User Requirements for Communication Between Automated Vehicles and Vulnerable Road Users ↗ · 2019 · Locken, Andreas et al. · indexed
88. Pedestrian Notification Methods in Autonomous Vehicles for Multi-Class Mobility-on-Demand Service ↗ · 2016 · Florentine, Evelyn et al. · indexed
89. Autonomous Vehicle-Pedestrian Interaction Across Cultures: Towards Designing Better External Human Machine Interfaces (eHMIs) ↗ · 2020 · Ranasinghe, Champika et al. · indexed
90. I See Your Gesture: A VR-Based Study of Bidirectional Communication between Pedestrians and Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2021 · Epke, Michael R. et al. · indexed
91. Effects of Exterior Lighting System of Parked Vehicles on the Behaviors of Cyclists ↗ · 2021 · Yang, Bo et al. · indexed
92. Blinking, Beeping or Just Driving? Investigating Different Communication Concepts for an Autonomously Parking E-Cargo Bike from a User Perspective ↗ · 2023 · Kreißig, Isabel et al. · indexed
93. Learning to interpret novel eHMI: The effect of vehicle kinematics and eHMI familiarity on pedestrians' crossing behaviour ↗ · 2020 · Lee, Yee Mun et al. · indexed
94. The Additional Pedestrian’s Behavior: Crossing the Road in Front of an Automated Vehicle in a Wizard of Oz Setting ↗ · 2025 · Hübner, Maximilian et al. · indexed
95. Overtrust in External Cues of Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2019 · Holländer, Kai et al. · indexed
96. Augmented reality for supporting the interaction between pedestrians and automated vehicles: an experimental outdoor study · 2024 · Aleva, Thomas K. et al. · archived
97. Human-like Deceleration: Will the role of external Human-Machine Interface change if the Automated Vehicle yields like a human? ↗ · 2025 · Lee, Yee Mun et al. · indexed
98. Response of Vulnerable Road Users to Visual Information from Autonomous Vehicles in Shared Spaces · 2019 · Alvarez, Walter Morales et al. · archived
99. Slideo: Bicycle-to-Vehicle Communication to Intuitively Share Intention to Turn with Automated Vehicles · 2024 · Verstegen, Jochem et al. · archived
100. User Interfaces for Cyclists in Future Automated Traffic ↗ · 2023 · Berge, Siri Hegna et al. · indexed
101. Increasing Pedestrian Safety Using External Communication of Autonomous Vehicles for Signalling Hazards ↗ · 2021 · Colley, Mark et al. · indexed
102. Human-Vehicle Interfaces: The Power of Vehicle Movement Gestures in Human Road User Coordination ↗ · 2017 · Risto, Malte et al. · indexed
103. I, AV: A Ghost Driver Field Study Exploring the Application of Anthropomorphism in AV-Pedestrian Communication ↗ · 2023 · Large, David R. et al. · indexed
104. Assessing Alternative Approaches for Conveying Automated Vehicle “Intentions” ↗ · 2021 · Basantis, Alexis et al. · indexed
105. Attitudes of Person at Driver’s Seat of Level 3–4 Automated Vehicle Affect Human Driver Entering Roadway · 2025 · Saeki, Hidehiro et al. · archived
106. Human-Machine interfaces and vehicle Automation: A review of the literature and recommendations for system Design, Feedback, and alerts · 2024 · Wang, Meng et al. · archived
107. Communication and Communication Problems Between Autonomous Vehicles and Human Drivers · 2016 · Färber, Berthold · archived
108. Communication of Automated Vehicles and Pedestrian Groups: An Intercultural Study on Pedestrians’ Street Crossing Decisions ↗ · 2021 · Joisten, Philip et al. · indexed
109. How Communicating Features can Help Pedestrian Safety in the Presence of Self-Driving Vehicles: Virtual Reality Experiment ↗ · 2020 · Deb, Shuchisnigdha et al. · indexed
110. Human-Machine Interfaces and Vehicle Automation: A Review of the Literature and Recommendations for System Design, Feedback, and Alerts · 2022 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
111. Proxemics and Kinesics in Automated Vehicle-Pedestrian Communication: Representing Ethnographic Observations ↗ · 2019 · Domeyer, Joshua et al. · indexed
112. Quantitative study of vehicle-pedestrian interactions: Towards pedestrian-adapted lighting communication functions for autonomous vehicles · 2021 · Zang, Guoqin et al. · archived
113. Pedestrian interactions with Automated Vehicles: does the presence of a zebra crossing affect how eHMIs and movement patterns are interpreted? ↗ · 2022 · Madigan, Ruth et al. · indexed
114. How Much Space Is Required? Effect of Distance, Content, and Color on External Human–Machine Interface Size ↗ · 2020 · Rettenmaier, Michael et al. · indexed
115. Interaction of automated driving systems with pedestrians: challenges, current solutions, and recommendations for eHMIs ↗ · 2021 · Ezzati Amini, Roja et al. · indexed
116. eHMI on the Vehicle or on the Infrastructure? A Driving Simulator Study ↗ · 2024 · Lingam, Shiva Nischal et al. · indexed
117. Calibrating Pedestrians' Trust in Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2021 · M. Faas, Stefanie et al. · indexed
118. Unsettled Issues Regarding Communication of Automated Vehicles with Other Road Users ↗ · 2020 · Beiker, Sven · indexed
119. Pedestrian and Passenger Interaction with Autonomous Vehicles: Field Study in a Crosswalk Scenario · 2024 · Izquierdo, Rubén et al. · archived
120. Smiles and Angry Faces vs. Nods and Head Shakes: Facial Expressions at the Service of Autonomous Vehicles · 2023 · Rouchitsas, Alexandros et al. · archived
121. Hello, is it me you’re stopping for? The effect of eHMI familiarity on pedestrians’ crossing behaviour in an ambiguous situation ↗ · 2023 · Lee, Yee Mun et al. · indexed
122. Evaluation of Ambient Light Displays for Requests to Intervene and Minimal Risk Maneuvers in Highly Automated Urban Driving ↗ · 2020 · Feierle, Alexander et al. · indexed
123. Enlightening mode awareness · 2023 · Mirnig, Alexander G. et al. · archived
124. Crossing roads in a social context: How behaviors of others shape pedestrian interaction with automated vehicles ↗ · 2024 · Zhao, Xiaoyuan et al. · indexed
125. Investigating HMIs to Foster Communications between Conventional Vehicles and Autonomous Vehicles in Intersections · 2023 · Avetisyan, Lilit et al. · archived
126. Evaluating Autonomous Vehicle External Communication Using a Multi-Pedestrian VR Simulator ↗ · 2024 · Tran, Tram Thi Minh et al. · indexed
127. How Do eHMIs Affect Pedestrians’ Crossing Behavior? A Study Using a Head-Mounted Display Combined with a Motion Suit ↗ · 2019 · Kooijman, Lars et al. · indexed
128. Pedestrian assessment: Is displaying automated driving mode in self-driving vehicles as relevant as emitting an engine sound in electric vehicles? ↗ · 2021 · Faas, Stefanie M. et al. · indexed
129. Do cyclists need HMIs in future automated traffic? An interview study ↗ · 2021 · Berge, Siri Hegna et al. · indexed
130. Expressive driver-vehicle interface design ↗ · 2011 · Hwang, Jee Yeon et al. · indexed
131. Longitudinal Effects of External Communication of Automated Vehicles in the USA and Germany: A Comparative Study in Virtual Reality and Via a Browser ↗ · 2024 · Colley, Mark et al. · indexed
132. Robots on the road - Investigating potentials of eHMI-concepts for HRI to tackle critical situations in public spaces ↗ · 2024 · Turriziani, Lea et al. · indexed
133. Communication Strategies for Effective Interaction With Pedestrians and Automated Service Vehicles in Japanese Parking Areas ↗ · 2023 · Lee, Jieun et al. · indexed
134. Automated vehicles that communicate implicitly: examining the use of lateral position within the lane ↗ · 2021 · Sripada, Anirudh et al. · indexed
135. An eHMI Presenting Request-to-Intervene and Takeover Status of Level 3 Automated Vehicles to Support Surrounding Traffic Safety · 2026 · Liu, Hailong et al. · archived
136. Formalizing Human Machine Communication in the Context of Autonomous Vehicles · 2020 · Gopalswamy, Swaminathan et al. · archived
137. Promoting trust in HAVs of following manual drivers through implicit and explicit communication during minimal risk maneuvers · 2023 · Hub, Fabian et al. · archived
138. Research and Design Considerations for Presentation of Non-Safety Related Information via In-Vehicle Displays during Automated Driving ↗ · 2022 · Cauffman, Stephen J. et al. · indexed
139. Assessment of Pedestrian Safety and Driver Behavior Near an Automated Vehicle · 2024 · Morris, Nichole L. et al. · archived
140. Automated vehicle may not adopt fully conservative driving strategies: A game-theoretic framework for pedestrian-vehicle interactions at unsignalized crossing considering external human–machine interfaces ↗ · 2026 · Wang, Jiawen et al. · indexed
141. Augmented reality interfaces for pedestrian-vehicle interactions: An online study ↗ · 2023 · Tabone, Wilbert et al. · indexed
142. Driving (and) Attention – Does Directional Illumination Support Driver’s System Supervision When Driving Automatically? ↗ · 2021 · Van den Beukel, Arie P. et al. · indexed
143. Real-World Validation of Dynamic Text-based eHMIs for Pedestrian Interaction with Autonomous Shuttles ↗ · 2025 · Kang, Hyunmin et al. · indexed
144. How can humans understand their automated cars? HMI principles, problems and solutions ↗ · 2018 · Carsten, Oliver et al. · indexed
145. Evaluation of graphical human-machine interfaces for turning manoeuvres in automated vehicles ↗ · 2021 · Krefting, Ina et al. · indexed
146. Fast Lane - Exploring Human Behavior - Volume 18 · 2023 · NHTSA · archived
147. Assessing the Impact of Risk-Warning eHMI Information Content on Pedestrian Mental Workload, Situation Awareness, and Gap Acceptance in Full and Partial eHMI Penetration Vehicle Platoons ↗ · 2025 · Yang, Fang et al. · indexed
148. Don't Worry, I'm in Control! Is Users’ Trust in Automated Driving Different When Using a Continuous Ambient Light HMI Compared to an Auditory HMI? ↗ · 2021 · Louw, Tyron et al. · indexed
149. Towards future pedestrian-vehicle interactions: Introducing theoretically-supported AR prototypes ↗ · 2021 · Tabone, Wilbert et al. · indexed
150. How Can Autonomous Vehicles Convey Emotions to Pedestrians? A Review of Emotionally Expressive Non-Humanoid Robots · 2021 · Wang, Yiyuan et al. · archived
151. Identifying Critical Contextual Design Cues Through a Machine Learning Approach ↗ · 2019 · Cummings, Mary L. “Missy” et al. · indexed
152. Using the Driving Behavior of an Automated Vehicle to Communicate Intentions - A Wizard of Oz Study ↗ · 2018 · Fuest, Tanja et al. · indexed
153. Towards Inclusive External Communication of Autonomous Vehicles for Pedestrians with Vision Impairments ↗ · 2020 · Colley, Mark et al. · indexed
154. Development and evaluation of a human machine interface to support mode awareness in different automated driving modes · 2022 · Tinga, Angelica M. et al. · archived
155. Visualizing Driving Maneuvers Through Peripheral Displays: A Comparative Study of HMI Modalities in Autonomous Vehicles ↗ · 2025 · Rottmann, Leonhard et al. · indexed
156. Evaluation of Human Machine Interface for Vehicle – infrastructure Cooperative Driver Assistance ↗ · 2024 · SAWADA, Jun et al. · indexed
157. Effects of a frontal brake light on pedestrians’ willingness to cross the street ↗ · 2024 · Eisele, Daniel et al. · indexed
158. Blinded windows and empty driver seats: The effects of automated vehicle characteristics on cyclists’ decision‐making ↗ · 2022 · Bazilinskyy, Pavlo et al. · indexed
159. The Effect of eHMI Malfunctions on Younger and Elderly Pedestrians’ Trust and Acceptance of Automated Vehicle Communication Signals ↗ · 2022 · Hensch, Ann-Christin et al. · indexed
160. From Manual Driving to Automated Driving · 2019 · Ayoub, Jackie et al. · archived
161. Pedestrians’ Interaction with eHMI-equipped Autonomous Vehicles: A Bibliometric Analysis and Systematic Review ↗ · 2025 · Man, Siu Shing et al. · indexed
162. Interaction between pedestrians and automated vehicles: Perceived safety of yielding behaviors and benefits of an external human–machine interface for elderly people ↗ · 2022 · Bellet, Thierry et al. · indexed
163. Is Users’ Trust during Automated Driving Different When Using an Ambient Light HMI, Compared to an Auditory HMI? · 2023 · Gonçalves, Rafael Cirino et al. · archived
164. The iconography of vehicle automation—a focus group study · 2021 · Richardson, Joy et al. · archived
165. Pedestrian road-crossing willingness as a function of vehicle automation, external appearance, and driving behaviour · 2019 · Dey, Debargha et al. · archived
166. Interactions of Automated Vehicles with Road Users · 2022 · Dey, Debargha et al. · archived
167. Situation Awareness in Automated Vehicles through Proximal Peripheral Light Signals ↗ · 2017 · van Veen, Tom et al. · indexed
168. Design Factors of Shared Situation Awareness Interface in Human–Machine Co-Driving ↗ · 2022 · You, Fang et al. · indexed
169. Effect of eHMI-equipped automated vehicles on pedestrian crossing behavior and safety: A focus on blind spot scenarios ↗ · 2025 · Chen, Xu et al. · indexed
170. Support systems for cyclists in automated traffic: A review and future outlook ↗ · 2023 · Berge, Siri Hegna et al. · indexed
171. Multiple Sources of Safety Information from V2V and V2I: Phase II Final Safety Message Report · 2022 · Hoekstra-Atwood, Liberty et al. · archived
172. 2018 Forum on the Impact of Vehicle Technologies and Automation on Vulnerable Road Users and Driver Behavior and Performance: A Summary Report · 2019 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
173. Ordinal Magnitude Scaling for Automated Lane Keeping Displays ↗ · 2016 · Noah, Brittany E. et al. · indexed
174. Coordinating Internal and External HMIs for Cooperative Driver-Pedestrian SituationResolution ↗ · 2026 · Amann, Markus et al. · indexed
175. Exploring the Impact of Interconnected External Interfaces in Autonomous Vehicles on Pedestrian Safety and Experience ↗ · 2024 · Tran, Tram Thi Minh et al. · indexed
176. Investigating the Effects of Pedestrian-to-Vehicle Human–Machine Interface Design Using Driving Simulator Experiment ↗ · 2022 · Abdel-Aty, Mohamed et al. · indexed
177. Catch My Drift: Elevating Situation Awareness for Highly Automated Driving with an Explanatory Windshield Display User Interface · 2018 · Lindemann, Patrick et al. · archived
178. Crowdsourced Assessment of 227 Text-Based eHMIs for a Crossing Scenario · 2022 · Bazilinskyy, Pavlo et al. · archived
179. Fast Lane - Exploring Human Behavior - Volume 19 · 2024 · NHTSA · archived
180. Shared intention and shared awareness for conditional automated driving: An online, randomized video experiment ↗ · 2024 · Swain, Ritwik et al. · indexed
181. Improving Driver Performance and Experience in Assisted and Automated Driving With Visual Cues in the Steering Wheel ↗ · 2022 · Diederichs, Frederik et al. · indexed
182. Virtual Reality Study on Pedestrians’ Perceived Trust in Interactions with Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2024 · Ilic, Mario et al. · indexed
183. The Rolling Robot and the Human Brain: Handover of the Driving Task in Automated Vehicles · 2024 · Roessger, Peter et al. · archived
184. Editorial for Special Issue: Test and Evaluation Methods for Human-Machine Interfaces of Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2020 · Naujoks, Frederik et al. · indexed
185. Designing transparency for automated driving: Effects of ambient light cues and explanations on driver performance · 2025 · Huang, Jingyu et al. · archived
186. Implicit intention communication as a design opportunity for automated vehicles: Understanding drivers’ interpretation of vehicle trajectory at narrow passages ↗ · 2022 · Miller, Linda et al. · indexed
187. Measuring Driver Electrodermal Activity when Exposed to HMIs Conveying Uncertainty in Conditional Automated Driving ↗ · 2025 · Pardo, Jorge et al. · indexed
188. Beyond Deceleration: Effects of Inconsistency between Implicit Autonomous Vehicle Cues and Explicit eHMI Cues on Pedestrians’ Street-Crossing Decisions ↗ · 2026 · Dudley, LeGrand et al. · indexed
189. Human Factors Guidance for Intelligent Transportation Systems at the Highway-Rail Intersection · 2006 · Jenness, James W. et al. · archived
190. Investigating Key Automated Vehicle Human Factors Safety Issues Related to Infrastructure: Summary of Stakeholder Workshop · 2020 · Roldan, Stephanie M. et al. · archived
191. A Gender Study of Communication Interfaces between an Autonomous Car and a Pedestrian ↗ · 2020 · Chang, Chia-Ming · indexed
192. Interactions between cyclists and automated vehicles: Results of a photo experiment^* ↗ · 2019 · Hagenzieker, Marjan P. et al. · indexed
193. In-Vehicle Human Machine Interface: Investigating the Effects of Tactile Displays on Information Presentation in Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2022 · Martinez, Kimberly D. et al. · indexed
194. Vulnerable road users and the coming wave of automated vehicles: Expert perspectives ↗ · 2021 · Tabone, Wilbert et al. · indexed
195. Do you know what's going on? - Examining Situation Awareness for Different Communication Concepts of an E-Cargo Bike Autonomous Parking Function ↗ · 2024 · Liehr, Dorothea et al. · indexed
196. Pedestrians’ Crossing Decisions While Interacting with Automated Vehicles – Insights from a Longitudinal Study · 2022 · Joisten, Philip et al. · archived
197. Guest Editors’ Introduction: Multimodal Technologies and Interaction in the Era of Automated Driving · 2019 · Riener, Andreas et al. · archived
198. Human-Centered Design for Connected Automation: Predicting Pedestrian Crossing Intentions ↗ · 2026 · Motamedi, Sanaz et al. · indexed
199. Meeting User Needs in Vehicle Automation · 2022 · Drewitz, Uwe et al. · archived
200. Neuroergonomic evaluation of risk-warning eHMI penetration rates in vehicle platoons: effects on pedestrians' mental workload, situation awareness, and gap acceptance. · 2026 · Yang, F et al. · archived
201. Implicit communication in cyclist-vehicle interaction: Examining the influence of driving dynamics in interactions with turning (automated) vehicles on cyclists' perceived safety, behavioral intention, and risk anticipation ↗ · 2024 · Harkin, A. Marie et al. · indexed
202. Road Projections: Impact on Road Users and Potential to Enhance Awareness of Backing Situation in Parking Lots ↗ · 2021 · Azouigui, S. et al. · indexed
203. Interpreting pedestrians' head movements when encountering automated vehicles at a virtual crossroad ↗ · 2023 · Yang, Yue et al. · indexed
204. Human Impact of Visual Detail in Vehicle Lane-Keeping System Communication ↗ · 2025 · Lee, Yu Chul et al. · indexed
205. Providing Explainability in Safety-Critical Automated Driving Situations through Augmented Reality Windshield HMIs ↗ · 2023 · Manger, Carina et al. · indexed
206. Holistic HMI Design for Automated Vehicles: Bridging In-Vehicle and External Communication ↗ · 2023 · Dong, Haoyu et al. · indexed
207. A Real Bottleneck Scenario with a Wizard of Oz Automated Vehicle - Role of eHMIs ↗ · 2023 · Şahin İppoliti, Hatice et al. · indexed
208. Exploration of driverless electric vehicle interaction interface design based on human-computer system ↗ · 2022 · Wang, Yuli · indexed
209. Fast Lane - Exploring Human Behavior - Volume 21 · 2025 · NHTSA · archived
210. Designing Multi-Modal Communication for Merge Negotiation with Automated Vehicles: Insights from a Design Exploration with Prototypes ↗ · 2025 · Gao, Ruolin et al. · indexed
211. Enhancing AV Traffic Safety through Pedestrian Detection, Classification and Communication · 2022 · Chase, R. Thomas et al. · archived
212. Rightward attentional bias in windshield displays: Implication towards external human machine interfaces for self-driving cars ↗ · 2017 · Liu, Qiang et al. · indexed
213. Human machine interface design for continuous support of mode awareness during automated driving: An online simulation ↗ · 2022 · Tinga, Angelica M. et al. · indexed
214. Applying participatory design to symbols for SAE level 2 automated driving systems · 2019 · Perrier, Mickaël J. R. et al. · archived
215. In-vehicle displays to support driver anticipation of traffic conflicts in automated vehicles · 2021 · He, Dengbo et al. · archived
216. Human Machine Interface for Connected Vehicle: Requirements, Development and Assessment · 2021 · Ahmed, Mohamed et al. · archived
217. From Brake Lights to Beyond - Assessing Rear eHMI Designs through a Video-Based Survey ↗ · 2025 · Gu, Feiqi et al. · indexed
218. EEG-based cognitive load assessment of eHMIs in pedestrian-automated vehicle interactions: A real-world experiment ↗ · 2026 · Zhao, Shengnan et al. · indexed
219. Pedestrian-AV interactions at unmarked midblock: Effects of eHMI onset timing and vehicle kinematics ↗ · 2026 · Gao, Ya et al. · indexed
220. Influences on Drivers’ Understandings of Systems by Presenting Image Recognition Results ↗ · 2021 · Yang, Bo et al. · indexed
221. Keep it Real: Investigating Driver-Cyclist Interaction in Real-World Traffic ↗ · 2023 · Al-Taie, Ammar et al. · indexed
222. Incorporating Multiple Users' Perspectives in HMI Design for Automated Vehicles: Exploration of a Role-Switching Approach ↗ · 2024 · Gao, Ruolin et al. · indexed
223. The Matter of How and When: Comparing Explicit and Implicit Communication Strategies of Automated Vehicles in Bottleneck Scenarios ↗ · 2021 · Rettenmaier, Michael et al. · indexed
224. Pedestrian Behavior and Interaction With Autonomous Vehicles · 2022 · Lownes, Nicholas et al. · archived
225. 2019 Forum on the Impact of Vehicle Technologies and Automation on Users – Design and Safety Implications: A Summary Report · 2020 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
226. Preliminary Human Factors Review for the Intelligent Vehicle Initiative (Ivi) Program: Identification of Human Factors Research Needs · 1998 · Campbell, John L. et al. · archived
227. How do vulnerable road users evaluate automated vehicles in urban traffic? A focus group study with pedestrians and cyclists ↗ · 2024 · Harkin, Kevin A. et al. · indexed
228. Using Human-Machine Interfaces To Convey Feedback in Automated Vehicles · 2019 · Shull, Emily et al. · archived
229. Evaluation of different HMIs to improve operator hazard perception and user experience in teleoperation of automated shuttles ↗ · 2024 · Priya Srinivasan, Shanmuga et al. · indexed
230. Exploring the Effects of Meaningful Tactile Display on Perception and Preference in Automated Vehicles · 2022 · Martinez, Kimberly D et al. · archived
231. Influence of road scenarios and psychological factors on people’s acceptance of autonomous vehicle labelling ↗ · 2026 · He, Xiaohan et al. · indexed
232. A User-Centered Approach to Adapt the Human-Machine Cooperation Strategy in Autonomous Driving · 2021 · Coeugnet, Stéphanie et al. · archived
233. Effects of various in-vehicle human–machine interfaces on drivers’ takeover performance and gaze pattern in conditionally automated vehicles · 2024 · Shi, Jinlei et al. · archived
234. Speculative Exploration on Future Sustainable Human-Machine Interface Design in Automated Shuttle Buses ↗ · 2023 · Yan, Ming et al. · indexed
235. Preliminary human factors guidelines for automated highway system designers. Volume 1 : guidelines for AHS designers · 1998 · Levitan, Lee et al. · archived
236. Human-Machine Interfaces in Safety-Related Cooperative Driving Automation Systems ↗ · 2024 · Castellano, Andrea et al. · indexed
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238. Game-Based Simulation and Study of Pedestrian-Automated Vehicle Interactions ↗ · 2022 · Pappas, Georgios et al. · indexed
239. Usability Evaluation—Advances in Experimental Design in the Context of Automated Driving Human–Machine Interfaces ↗ · 2020 · Albers, Deike et al. · indexed
240. Is the automated vehicle “aware” of the pedestrian? Examining driving behavior adaptation as a cue to inform the passenger of a potential hazard ↗ · 2022 · Stange, Vanessa et al. · indexed
241. Human-Machine Interfaces for Handover from Automated Driving Systems: A Literature Review ↗ · 2020 · Greatbatch, Richard L. et al. · indexed
242. Investigating Pedestrians' Crossing Behaviour During Car Deceleration Using Wireless Head Mounted Display: An Application Towards the Evaluation of eHMI of Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2019 · Lee, Yee Mun et al. · indexed
243. Communication of Uncertainty Information in Cooperative, Automated Driving: A Comparative Study of Different Modalities ↗ · 2023 · Peintner, Jakob et al. · indexed
244. The Best Rated Human–Machine Interface Design for Autonomous Vehicles in the 2016 Grand Cooperative Driving Challenge ↗ · 2017 · Benderius, Ola et al. · indexed
245. The ‘invisible gorilla’ during pedestrian-AV interaction: Effects of secondary tasks on pedestrians’ reaction to eHMIs ↗ · 2023 · Zhao, Xiaoyuan et al. · indexed
246. Effect of Human–Machine Interface of a Vehicle on Right-Turn Maneuver at Intersections using a Driving Simulator ↗ · 2021 · Kusakari, Yuta et al. · indexed
247. Crossing in the dark: Investigating the effect of vehicle kinematics and eHMI on older pedestrians’ crossing behavior in a virtual reality experiment ↗ · 2026 · Lee, Yee Mun et al. · indexed
248. Driver behaviors assisted by different human machine interfaces to avoid rear-end collisions during level 2 automated driving ↗ · 2023 · Yang, Bo et al. · indexed
249. Exploring Holistic HMI Design for Automated Vehicles: Insights from a Participatory Workshop to Bridge In-Vehicle and External Communication ↗ · 2024 · Dong, Haoyu et al. · indexed
250. Evaluation of Pedestrians' Gaze Behavior When Crossing the Road Using Eye-Tracking Technology: Implications for Autonomous Vehicle Led Communication Interface ↗ · 2024 · Zhanguzhinova, Symbat et al. · indexed
251. Conveying Uncertainties Using Peripheral Awareness Displays in the Context of Automated Driving ↗ · 2019 · Kunze, Alexander et al. · indexed
252. Stopping by looking: A driver-pedestrian interaction study in a coupled simulator using head-mounted displays with eye-tracking ↗ · 2022 · Mok, Chun Sang et al. · indexed
253. Evaluation of peripheral vision displays to support driver’s situation awareness in automated driving takeover ↗ · 2025 · Li, Jue et al. · indexed
254. Interpreting pedestrians' head movements when encountering automated vehicles at a virtual crossroad ↗ · 2024 · Yang, Yue et al. · indexed
255. Minimal Risk Maneuvers of Automated Vehicles: Effects of a Contact Analog Head-Up Display Supporting Driver Decisions and Actions in Transition Phases ↗ · 2023 · Karakaya, Burak et al. · indexed
256. The effect of communicational signals on drivers' subjective appraisal and visual attention during interactive driving scenarios ↗ · 2015 · Ba, Yutao et al. · indexed
257. Improving road user perception in adverse weather: An augmented human–machine interface for remote assistants of automated vehicles ↗ · 2025 · Schrank, Andreas et al. · indexed
258. Human-Machine Interaction for Vehicles: Review and Outlook ↗ · 2018 · Kun, Andrew L. · indexed
259. An Interactive Design using Human Computer Interaction for Autonomous Vehicles · 2020 · Shaikh, Asadullah · archived
260. The effect of information from dash-based human-machine interfaces on drivers' gaze patterns and lane-change manoeuvres after conditionally automated driving ↗ · 2022 · Gonçalves, Rafael C. et al. · indexed
261. The Importance of Interruption Management for Usefulness and Acceptance of Automated Driving ↗ · 2017 · Naujoks, Frederik et al. · indexed
262. Investigation of Key Automated Vehicle Human Factors Safety Issues Related to Infrastructure: Comparing Intersection Crossing Behaviors of Human Drivers and Automated Vehicles · 2025 · Calvo, Jose et al. · archived
263. Ensuring Cooperative Driving Automation (CDA) and Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs) Safety Through Infrastructure · 2022 · Weaver, Starla et al. · archived
264. Cross or Nah? LLMs Get in the Mindset of a Pedestrian in front of Automated Car with an eHMI · 2025 · Alam, Md Shadab et al. · archived
265. Multiple Sources of Safety Information from V2V and V2I: Redundancy, Decision Making, and Trust—Safety Message Design Report · 2015 · Richard, Christian M. et al. · archived
266. Impact of Infrastructure Design on Driver Trust and AV Performance during Automated Vehicle–Bicycle Interactions ↗ · 2026 · Reyad, Fady et al. · indexed
267. Human-Machine Interfaces and Vehicle Automation: The Effect of HMI Design on Driver Performance and Behavior · 2023 · Wang, Meng et al. · archived
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270. Interaction of Autonomous and Manually-Controlled Vehicles: Implementation of a Road User Communication Service ↗ · 2022 · Smirnov, Nikita et al. · indexed
271. Using distributed simulations to investigate driver-pedestrian interactions and kinematic cues: Implications for automated vehicle behaviour and communication · 2024 · Yang, Yue et al. · archived
272. Augmented Reality for Safer Pedestrian-Vehicle Interactions · 2018 · Noyce, David A. et al. · archived
273. Using Human–Machine Interfaces to Convey Feedback in Automated Driving ↗ · 2022 · Shull, Emily M. et al. · indexed
274. Stopping Position Matters: Drawing A Better Communication between Pedestrian and Driverless Automated Vehicles on Narrow Roads ↗ · 2021 · Soshiroda, Jun et al. · indexed
275. Fast Lane - Exploring Human Behavior - Volume 16 · 2022 · NHTSA · archived
276. The effect of human-machine interface modality, specificity, and timing on driver performance and behavior while using vehicle automation ↗ · 2024 · Wang, Meng et al. · indexed
277. Human-Machine Interfaces and Vehicle Automation: The Effect of HMI Design on Driver Performance and Behavior · 2023 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
278. Interface Design for Responsible Remote Driving: A Study on Technological Mediation · 2025 · Variati, Gabriella Emma et al. · archived
279. Social interactions in traffic: The effect of external factors ↗ · 2018 · Stoll, Tanja et al. · indexed
280. Investigating driver responses to automated vehicles in a bottleneck scenario: The impact of lateral offset and eHMI ↗ · 2025 · Li, Yang et al. · indexed
281. How do pedestrians distribute their visual attention when walking through a parking garage? An eye-tracking study ↗ · 2021 · de Winter, Joost et al. · indexed
282. Differences in Pedestrian Behavior at Crosswalk between Communicating with Conventional Vehicle and Automated Vehicle in Real Traffic Environment ↗ · 2023 · Taima, Masahiro et al. · indexed
283. Pedestrian Trust in Automated Vehicles: Role of Traffic Signal and AV Driving Behavior · 2019 · Jayaraman, Suresh Kumaar et al. · archived
284. Hacking Nonverbal Communication between Pedestrians and Vehicles in Virtual Reality ↗ · 2019 · Schmidt, Henri et al. · indexed
285. How Cyclists’ Body Posture Can Support a Cooperative Interaction in Automated Driving ↗ · 2024 · Trommler, Daniel et al. · indexed
286. Understanding driver responses to voice alerts of autonomous car operations ↗ · 2016 · Koo, Jeamin et al. · indexed
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288. In-Vehicle Display Icons and Other Information Elements Volume I: Guidelines · 2004 · Campbell, J. L. et al. · archived
289. Processing of complex traffic scenes for effective steering and collision avoidance: a perspective, from research on locomotion · 2024 · Wann, John P. · archived
290. From Car-Driver-Handovers to Cooperative Interfaces: Visions for Driver-Vehicle Interaction in Automated Driving ↗ · 2017 · Walch, Marcel et al. · indexed
291. A Literature Review on Additional Semantic Information Conveyed from Driving Automation Systems to Drivers through Advanced In-Vehicle HMI Just Before, During, and Right After Takeover Request ↗ · 2022 · Liu, Weimin et al. · indexed
292. Autonomous Driving: Framework for Pedestrian Intention Estimation in a Real World Scenario ↗ · 2020 · Alvarez, Walter Morales et al. · indexed
293. Designing Communication Strategies of Autonomous Vehicles with Pedestrians: An Intercultural Study ↗ · 2020 · Lanzer, Mirjam et al. · indexed
294. Looking at HMI Concepts for Highly Automated Vehicles: Permanent vs. Context-Adaptive Information Presentation ↗ · 2022 · Hollander, Cornelia et al. · indexed
295. Inspiring External Human-Machine Interface Designs for Autonomous Personal Mobility Vehicle: Causal Discovering the Influence of Passengers’ Personality Traits on User Experience ↗ · 2025 · Liu, Hailong et al. · indexed
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297. Drivers’ Attention to Dash-based Human-Machine Interfaces: The Effect of Partial Automation and Cognitive Load ↗ · 2025 · Qin, Hao et al. · indexed
298. Optimizing the HMI Design for the Takeover Request in Conditional Automated Driving ↗ · 2025 · Xi, Yu · indexed
299. In-Vehicle Display Icons and Other Information Elements: Conduct Preliminary Assessment of Visual Symbols · 1999 · Lee, John D. et al. · archived
300. Can Information Manipulation Improve Interaction Payoff? A Game-Theoretic Lane-change Decision Strategy with eHMI ↗ · 2026 · Peng, Boyao et al. · indexed
301. Mode confusion of human–machine interfaces for automated vehicles ↗ · 2022 · Eom, Hwisoo et al. · indexed
302. Augmented Reality Displays for Communicating Uncertainty Information in Automated Driving ↗ · 2018 · Kunze, Alexander et al. · indexed
303. Predictors of cyclists’ and pedestrians’ behavior in interactions with turning (Automated) vehicles − Insights from a Wizard-of-Oz study in real traffic ↗ · 2025 · Harkin, A. Marie et al. · indexed
304. A Visual Study of In-vehicle Human-machine Interaction Interface ↗ · 2022 · Xu, Bingbing et al. · indexed
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307. Using Glance Behaviour to Inform the Design of Adaptive HMI for Partially Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2022 · Ulahannan, Arun et al. · indexed
308. The Impact of Vehicle Appearance and Vehicle Behavior on Pedestrian Interaction with Autonomous Vehicles ↗ · 2017 · Dey, Debargha et al. · indexed
309. Haptic Icons: A Hands-On Approach to Haptic HMI in Automated Vehicles · 2025 · Sarabia, Joseba et al. · archived
310. Toward Integrated Automation Status and Alerting Display Management Systems for Vehicles ↗ · 2022 · Moertl, Peter et al. · indexed
311. Enhancing Trust in Autonomous Vehicles through Intelligent User Interfaces That Mimic Human Behavior · 2018 · Ruijten, Peter A. M. et al. · archived
312. Toward an “Equal-Footing” Human-Robot Interaction for Fully Autonomous Vehicles · 2017 · Amanatidis, Theocharis et al. · archived
313. Explainability in Automated Parking: The Effect of Augmented Reality Visualizations on User Experience and Situation Awareness ↗ · 2023 · Manger, Carina et al. · indexed
314. Increasing the User Experience in Autonomous Driving through different Feedback Modalities ↗ · 2021 · Schneider, Tobias et al. · indexed
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317. Developing Socially Acceptable Autonomous Vehicles ↗ · 2016 · VINKHUYZEN, ERIK et al. · indexed
318. The influence of a color themed HMI on trust and take-over performance in automated vehicles ↗ · 2023 · el Jouhri, Aboubakr et al. · indexed
319. Contextualizing Human—Automated Vehicle Interactions: A Socio-Ecological Framework ↗ · 2021 · Robert, Lionel Peter · indexed
320. Biologically Inspired Automotive User Interfaces for Partially and Highly Automated Maneuver Gestures: Final Results and Outlook · 2022 · Herzberger, Nicolas Daniel et al. · archived
321. Building Trust in Autonomous Vehicles: Role of Virtual Reality Driving Simulators in HMI Design · 2019 · Morra, Lia et al. · archived
322. Effects of Marking Automated Vehicles on Human Drivers on Highways · 2020 · Fuest, Tanja et al. · archived
323. Do Not Adjust Your Set! How a Visual Alert Reduced Unnecessary Human Intervention in an Automated Vehicle ↗ · 2026 · Bogg, Adam et al. · indexed
324. Exploring the Effects of Vehicle Automation and Cooperative Messaging on Mixed Fleet Eco-Drive Interactions · 2024 · Sanchez, Robert et al. · archived
325. The Prevalence of Automated Vehicles (with eHMIs) May Influence Pedestrian-Vehicle Interactions ↗ · 2024 · Eisele, Daniel et al. · indexed
326. An HMI Concept to Improve Driver's Visual Behavior and Situation Awareness in Automated Vehicle ↗ · 2018 · Yang, Yucheng et al. · indexed
327. Implicit Interaction with an Autonomous Personal Mobility Vehicle: Relations of Pedestrians’ Gaze Behavior with Situation Awareness and Perceived Risks ↗ · 2022 · Liu, Hailong et al. · indexed
328. Expectations and Understanding of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems Among Drivers, Pedestrians, Bicyclists, and Public Transit Riders · 2021 · Horrey, William J et al. · archived
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342. Aiding Automated Shuttles with Their Driving Tasks as an On-Board Operator: A Case Study on Different Automated Driving Systems in Three Living Labs · 2024 · Schrank, Andreas et al. · archived
343. Crossing in the Dark: The Effect of Vehicle Kinematics and eHMI on Older Pedestrians’ Crossing Behaviour ↗ · 2024 · Lee, Yee Mun et al. · indexed
344. What Makes an Automated Vehicle a Good Driver? ↗ · 2018 · Kauffmann, Nina et al. · indexed
345. Effects of 3D Displays on Mental Workload, Situation Awareness, Trust, and Performance Assessment in Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2023 · Colley, Mark et al. · indexed
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350. Communication via motion – Suitability of automated vehicle movements to negotiate the right of way in road bottleneck scenarios ↗ · 2021 · Rettenmaier, Michael et al. · indexed
351. Supporting Driver Situation Awareness for Autonomous Urban Driving with an Augmented-Reality Windshield Display ↗ · 2018 · Lindemann, Patrick et al. · indexed
352. The effect of motion and signalling on drivers’ ability to predict intentions of other road users · 2016 · Lee, Yee Mun et al. · archived
353. Comparison of Methods to Evaluate the Influence of an Automated Vehicle’s Driving Behavior on Pedestrians: Wizard of Oz, Virtual Reality, and Video ↗ · 2020 · Fuest, Tanja et al. · indexed
354. Social interactions between automated vehicles and human drivers: a narrative review ↗ · 2024 · Liu, Peng · indexed
355. Human–Machine Interface Design and Verification for an Automated Driving System Using System Model and Driving Simulator ↗ · 2019 · Yun, Sunkil et al. · indexed
356. Effects of Mismatch between Explicit (eHMI) Cues and Perceived Implicit Cues on Street-crossing Decisions ↗ · 2026 · Liu, Hailey et al. · indexed
357. Trust Calibration through Reliability Displays in Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2017 · Noah, Brittany E. et al. · indexed
358. Understanding User Needs in Automated Vehicle Explanations: A Qualitative Approach · 2025 · Zhang, Qiaoning · archived
359. The challenge of ADAS assessment: A scale for the assessment of the HMI of advanced driver assistance technology · 2018 · Biondi, FN et al. · archived
360. Safely and Effectively Communicating Non-Connected Vehicle Information to Connected Vehicles through Field- and Driving-Simulator-Based Research · 2019 · Noyce, David A. et al. · archived
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365. Assessment of Drivers’ Perceptions of Connected Vehicle–Human Machine Interface for Driving Under Adverse Weather Conditions: Preliminary Findings From Wyoming ↗ · 2020 · Ahmed, Mohamed M. et al. · indexed
366. How can design help enhance trust calibration in public autonomous vehicles? · 2021 · Klebanov, Yuri et al. · archived
367. Designing the Interaction of Highly Automated Vehicles with Cyclists in Urban Longitudinal Traffic ↗ · 2020 · Fritz, Nicole et al. · indexed
368. Comparing dynamic and static illustration of an HMI for cooperative driving ↗ · 2020 · Kraft, Ann-Kathrin et al. · indexed
369. Influence of color and icon encoding themed HMl on trust calibration in automated vehicles ↗ · 2025 · Guo, Qi et al. · indexed
370. Collision Avoidance Head-Up Display: Design Considerations for Emergency Services’ Vehicles · 2020 · Bram-Larbi, Kweku F. et al. · archived
371. Pedestrians’ road-crossing behavior towards eHMI-equipped autonomous vehicles driving in segregated and mixed traffic conditions ↗ · 2023 · Song, Yuanming et al. · indexed
372. Communication between drivers in a road bottleneck scenario ↗ · 2022 · Schuler, Katharina et al. · indexed
373. Gaze Patterns in Pedestrian Interaction with Vehicles ↗ · 2019 · Dey, Debargha et al. · indexed
374. How manoeuvre information via auditory (spatial and beep) and visual UI can enhance trust and acceptance in automated driving ↗ · 2024 · Kim, Soyeon et al. · indexed
375. An Eye Gaze Heatmap Analysis of Uncertainty Head-Up Display Designs for Conditional Automated Driving ↗ · 2024 · Gerber, Michael A. et al. · indexed
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385. Motions Speak Louder Than Words: Designing Human-like AV Speed Profiles at Crosswalks with a Bayesian Optimisation–Driven Adaptive Experiment ↗ · 2026 · Wang, Yuwei et al. · indexed
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388. Fast Lane - Exploring Human Behavior - Volume 14 · 2021 · NHTSA · archived
389. New Trends and Functionalities in Automotive Tail Lighting ↗ · 2021 · KURTULUS, Orhan Uras · indexed
390. Connected and Automated Vehicle Based Intersection Maneuver Assist Systems (CAVIMAS) and Their Impact on Driver Behavior, Acceptance, and Safety · 2020 · Pradhan, Anuj K. et al. · archived
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396. Design Possibilities for Vehicle Roll Motions as Feedback for the Driver during Automated Driving ↗ · 2017 · Cramer, Stephanie et al. · indexed
397. Tutorial on Prototyping the HMI for Autonomous Vehicles ↗ · 2016 · Gowda, Nikhil et al. · indexed
398. Communication is a Two-Way Street: Negotiating Driving Intent through a Shape-Changing Steering Wheel ↗ · 2023 · Báez, Hannah et al. · indexed
399. Ecological IVIS design: using EID to develop a novel in-vehicle information system ↗ · 2012 · Young, Mark S. et al. · indexed
400. Supporting Users' Understanding of Driving Automation Systems: The Effect of Meaningful System Names and Responsibility-Focused Textual Reminders ↗ · 2025 · Czupi, Emma et al. · indexed
401. Connected Motorcycle Crash Warning Interfaces · 2016 · Song, Miao et al. · archived
402. Design of On-body Tactile Displays to Enhance Situation Awareness in Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2022 · Chiossi, Francesco et al. · indexed
403. In-Vehicle Avatars to Elicit Social Response and Change Driving Behaviour ↗ · 2009 · Rakotonirainy, Andry et al. · indexed
404. Seeing Through the Leading Vehicle via Rear-Facing eHMIs – An On-Road Study ↗ · 2026 · Gu, Feiqi et al. · indexed
405. Designing user interfaces for partially automated Vehicles: Effects of information and modality on trust and acceptance ↗ · 2024 · Kim, Soyeon et al. · indexed
406. Automosphere: Exploring Vehicle Heads-Up Display with Weather-Related Windshield Cues for Passive Fatigue Management · 2026 · Ensafjoo, Mohsen et al. · archived
407. Eyes on the road: A bicycle simulator study of cyclists’ gaze behavior while sharing the road with autonomous vehicles across infrastructure types ↗ · 2026 · Ágoston, Sándor P. et al. · indexed
408. Augmented Reality for Vehicle-Driver Communication: A Systematic Review ↗ · 2022 · Kettle, Liam et al. · indexed
409. How to Increase Automated Vehicles’ Acceptance through In-Vehicle Interaction Design: A Review ↗ · 2021 · Detjen, Henrik et al. · indexed
410. Simulator evaluation of an intersection maneuver assist system with connected and automated vehicle technologies ↗ · 2022 · Pradhan, Anuj K. et al. · indexed
411. Impacts of Automated Vehicles on Highway Infrastructure · 2021 · Gopalakrishna, Deepak et al. · archived
412. Research on Transparency Design Based on Shared Situation Awareness in Semi-Automatic Driving ↗ · 2022 · You, Fang et al. · indexed
413. Ecological Interface Design and Head-Up Displays: The Contact-Analog Visualization Tradeoff ↗ · 2021 · Schewe, Frederik et al. · indexed
414. Safety, Operational, and Energy Impacts of In-Vehicle Adaptive Stop Displays Using Connected Vehicle Technology · 2015 · NHTSA · archived
415. HMI Design of Intelligent Vehicles Based on Multimodal Experiments of Driver Emotions ↗ · 2026 · Sun, Tongyue et al. · indexed
416. Towards an Integrated Adaptive Automotive HMI for the Future · 2011 · Amditis, Angelos et al. · archived
417. Incorporating Explanations into Human-Machine Interfaces for Trust and Situation Awareness in Autonomous Vehicles ↗ · 2024 · Atakishiyev, Shahin et al. · indexed
418. HMI--NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND SAFETY ASPECTS ↗ · 2000 · Haller, Rudolf · indexed
419. Pedestrian Interaction with Vehicles ↗ · 2017 · Dey, Debargha et al. · indexed
420. Ghost driver: A field study investigating the interaction between pedestrians and driverless vehicles ↗ · 2016 · Rothenbucher, Dirk et al. · indexed
421. Enhancing interaction with the driving ecology through haptic interfaces ↗ · 2005 · Lee, J.D. et al. · indexed
422. Novel human-machine interfaces for the management of user-vehicle transitions in automated driving ↗ · 2019 · Burnett, Gary et al. · indexed
423. Requirements of a system to reduce car-to-vulnerable road user crashes in urban intersections ↗ · 2011 · Habibovic, Azra et al. · indexed
424. User-centered Smart Traffic Sign Development Study · 2023 · Morris, Nichole L. et al. · archived
425. In-Vehicle Avatars to Elicit Social Response and Change Driving Behaviour ↗ · 2011 · Rakotonirainy, Andry et al. · indexed
426. Cooperation between driver and automated driving system: Implementation and evaluation · 2017 · Guo, Chunshi et al. · archived
427. Evaluation of the human interaction with automated vehicles on highways · 2025 · Chand, Cadell et al. · archived
428. Inside Out: Emotion GaRage Vol. V ↗ · 2024 · Dong, Jiayuan et al. · indexed
429. What Creates Safe and Efficient Pedestrian–Vehicle Interactions? A Naturalistic Study to Design Human-Like Behaviour for Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2026 · Wang, Yuwei et al. · indexed
430. Exploring Deictic Interface Referencing Outside-Vehicle Landmarks: Study of In-cabin Multimodal Interaction ↗ · 2025 · Yu, Yueteng et al. · indexed
431. Emotion GaRage Vol. IV: Creating Empathic In-Vehicle Interfaces with Generative AIs for Automated Vehicle Contexts · 2023 · Choe, Mungyeong et al. · archived
432. New Approach to Intelligent Pedestrian Detection and Signaling on Crosswalks · 2024 · Sanguino, Tomás de J. Mateo et al. · archived
433. Deceleration parameters as implicit communication signals for pedestrians’ crossing decisions and estimations of automated vehicle behaviour · 2023 · Tian, Kai et al. · archived
434. First-Stage Evaluation of a Prototype Driver Distraction Human-Machine-Interface Warning System ↗ · 2021 · Mulvihill, Christine et al. · indexed
435. Multimodal Warnings Design for In-Vehicle Robots under Driving Safety Scenarios ↗ · 2022 · Wang, Jianmin et al. · indexed
436. Effects of request-to-intervene message contents on driver performance and safety under conditionally automated driving system ↗ · 2020 · An, Suyang et al. · indexed
437. Influence of Adaptive Human-Machine Interface on Electric-Vehicle Range-Anxiety Mitigation · 2020 · Musabini, Antonyo et al. · archived
438. Analysis of Driver and Pedestrian Gesture Use in the Boston Area. Automated Vehicles May Need More Than Kinematics in Ambiguous Situations ↗ · 2025 · Şahin İppoliti, Hatice et al. · indexed
439. Advanced Traveler Information Systems and Commercial Vehicle Operations Components of the Intelligent Transportation Systems: Design Alternatives for In-vehicle Information Displays · 1997 · Campbell, JL et al. · archived
440. Basic collision warning and driver information systems : human factors research needs : summary report · 1998 · NHTSA · archived
441. Evaluating Countermeasures to Improve Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety · 2018 · Noyce, David A. et al. · archived
442. Driver-Pedestrian Perceptual Models Demonstrate Coupling: Implications for Vehicle Automation ↗ · 2022 · Domeyer, Joshua E. et al. · indexed
443. Defining the Operator Interface of a Snowplow Lane Tracking System from Field Interviews and Surveys ↗ · 2000 · McGehee, Daniel V. et al. · indexed
444. Pedestrians’ Attitudes Towards Automated Vehicles: A Qualitative Study Based on Interviews in Germany ↗ · 2021 · Joisten, Philip et al. · indexed
445. Turing in the driver's seat: Can people distinguish between automated and manually driven vehicles? ↗ · 2020 · Stanton, Neville A. et al. · indexed
446. Triangulating the future: Developing scenarios of cyclist-automated vehicle interactions from literature, expert perspectives, and survey data ↗ · 2024 · Berge, Siri Hegna et al. · indexed
447. Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance System – Stop Sign Assist : experiments to validate use of an in-vehicle interface design. · 2012 · Becic, Ensar et al. · archived
448. Integration of a Manoeuvring Negotiations Module in Driving Support Systems: A Simulator Study ↗ · 2018 · Dimitris Nathanael et al. · indexed
449. Design Techniques for Exploring Automotive Interaction in the Drive towards Automation ↗ · 2017 · Pettersson, Ingrid et al. · indexed
450. Assessment of Driving Automation Interfaces via Visual Attention Measures: A Literature Review ↗ · 2021 · Kanaan, Dina et al. · indexed
451. Enhancing Safety in Autonomous Vehicles: The Impact of Auditory and Visual Warning Signals on Driver Behavior and Situational Awareness ↗ · 2024 · Huang, Ann et al. · indexed
452. Human–Vehicle Cooperation in Automated Driving: A Multidisciplinary Review and Appraisal ↗ · 2019 · Biondi, Francesco et al. · indexed
453. Pedestrians’ Receptivity Toward Fully Automated Vehicles: Research Review and Roadmap for Future Research ↗ · 2018 · Deb, Shuchisnigdha et al. · indexed
454. Augmented Information in the Driving Environment: Increasing Pedestrian Safety with Augmented Reality Indicators for Older Adult Drivers in Maine · 2025 · Brown, Justin R. et al. · archived
455. Examining the effects of a signless roadway : holographic traffic control devices and their potential for replacing traditional post-mounted traffic control devices. · 2016 · Noyce, David A. (David Alan), 1961- et al. · archived
456. Interdependence in Vehicle-Pedestrian Encounters and its Implications for Vehicle Automation · 2022 · Domeyer, Joshua E. et al. · archived
457. Distraction of Connected Vehicle Human–Machine Interface for Truck Drivers ↗ · 2020 · Yang, Guangchuan et al. · indexed
458. Bridging the gap: understanding the factors affecting pedestrian safety perceptions in the age of driverless vehicles · 2025 · Rezwana, Saki et al. · archived
459. Towards Interactive Driver Assistance System to Realize a Safe and an Efficient Driving ↗ · 2015 · Wang, Jiao et al. · indexed
460. Effects of Non-Verbal Communication Cues on Decisions and Confidence of Drivers at an Uncontrolled Intersection ↗ · 2015 · Kitazaki, Satoshi et al. · indexed
461. Introducing ROADS: A Systematic Comparison of Remote Control Interaction Concepts for Automated Vehicles at Road Works · 2025 · Colley, Mark et al. · archived
462. Pedestrians' perception of road crossing while interacting with Automated Vehicles: A Virtual Reality experiment ↗ · 2025 · Shahi, Sachita et al. · indexed
463. Enhancing Takeover Performance in Autonomous Vehicles Through Augmented Highlighting Displays ↗ · 2025 · Cho, Minwoo et al. · indexed
464. A Haptic Interface Concept for Highly Automated Vehicle Human–Machine Interfaces Based on a Mathematical Design Method ↗ · 2025 · Meng, Xin et al. · indexed
465. Hybrid Eyes: Design and Evaluation of the Prediction-Level Cooperative Driving with a Real-World Automated Driving System · 2022 · Wang, Chao et al. · archived
466. Context-Adaptive Availability Notifications for an SAE Level 3 Automation · 2021 · Danner, Simon et al. · archived
467. Test procedure for evaluating the human–machine interface of vehicles with automated driving systems ↗ · 2019 · Naujoks, Frederik et al. · indexed
468. The impact of visual user interfaces on drivers’ understanding of driving control mode and hands-on steering wheel requirement in Level 2 automated vehicles · 2024 · Kim, Soyeon et al. · archived
469. How do Automated Vehicles Influence Other Road Users and Sometimes Elicit Uncivil Behaviors? ↗ · 2024 · Haué, Jean-Baptiste et al. · indexed
470. Preparing for the Future of Transportation: Automated Vehicles 3.0 · 2018 · NHTSA · archived
471. Do Drivers Understand Cyclists’ Communication Cues? ↗ · 2023 · Petersen, Christine M. et al. · indexed
472. Intelligent In‐Vehicle Interaction Technologies ↗ · 2021 · Murali, Prajval Kumar et al. · indexed
473. User interface design and verification for semi-autonomous driving · 2014 · Sadigh, Dorsa et al. · archived
474. Will pedestrians cross the road before an Automated Vehicle? The Effect of Drivers' Attentiveness and Presence on Pedestrians' Road Crossing Behavior ↗ · 2021 · Velasco, Juan Pablo Nunez et al. · indexed
475. HMI Design for Chain-Braking Event Based on V2V Communication · 2023 · Yan, Song et al. · archived
476. Summary Report on Request for Information (RFI): Enhancing the Safety of Vulnerable Road Users at Intersections · 2023 · Townsend, Haley et al. · archived
477. Validating a methodology for understanding pedestrian - vehicle interactions: A comparison of video and field observations ↗ · 2021 · Madigan, Ruth et al. · indexed
478. A Systematic Review of Virtual Reality Applications for Automated Driving: 2009–2020 · 2021 · Riegler, Andreas et al. · archived
479. Explainable Automation: Personalized and Adaptive UIs to Foster Trust and Understanding of Driving Automation Systems ↗ · 2020 · Wintersberger, Philipp et al. · indexed
480. Outdoor Advertising Report: Changeable Message Signs · 2018 · NHTSA · archived
481. A Driver-to-Driver Communication Device to Improve Drivers' Interaction ↗ · 2014 · Lamas, Raphael et al. · indexed
482. Optimal Information Output in Urban Traffic Scenarios: An Evaluation of Different HMI Concepts ↗ · 2015 · Götze, Martin et al. · indexed
483. The HADRIAN novel human–machine interface prototype for automated driving: safety and impact assessment ↗ · 2024 · Sekadakis, Marios et al. · indexed
484. Defining interactions: a conceptual framework for understanding interactive behaviour in human and automated road traffic ↗ · 2020 · Markkula, G. et al. · indexed
485. Kinematic cues in driver-pedestrian communication to support safe road crossing ↗ · 2023 · Zach Noonan, T. et al. · indexed
486. “Watch out!”: Prediction-Level Intervention for Automated Driving ↗ · 2020 · Wang, Chao et al. · indexed
487. Intersection Conflict Warning System Human Factors: Final Report · 2016 · Inman, Vaughan W. et al. · archived
488. Does a Confidence Level for Automated Driving Time Estimations Improve the Subjective Evaluation of an Automation HMI? · 2020 · Hecht, Tobias et al. · archived
489. Human Machine Interface Design for Driver Information Systems ↗ · 2002 · Ihara, Yasuhiro · indexed
490. Verification of HMI for an automated driving system by using a driving simulator ↗ · 2018 · Nishimura, Hidekazu · indexed
491. Framework for Defining the Perspectives of the 3D Driving Visualization Interface for Driving Automation System-Engaged Vehicles ↗ · 2023 · Li, Jun et al. · indexed
492. Improvement of driver active interventions during automated driving by displaying trajectory pointers—A driving simulator study ↗ · 2019 · Ono, Sayaka et al. · indexed
493. Sensory and Cognitive Factors Affecting Automotive Head-Up Display Effectiveness ↗ · 1999 · Gish, Kenneth W. et al. · indexed
494. Acceptability Evaluation of Inter-driver Interaction via a Vehicle Agent Using Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication on a Driving Simulator ↗ · 2021 · Hagiya, Toshiyuki et al. · indexed
495. Increasing system transparency through confidence information in cooperative, automated driving ↗ · 2025 · Peintner, Jakob et al. · indexed
496. Interact or counteract? Behavioural observation of interactions between vulnerable road users and autonomous shuttles in Oslo, Norway · 2022 · De Ceunynck, Tim et al. · archived
497. Age-based Differences in Pedestrians’ Feeling of Trust and Safety when Crossing in Front of a Real Communicating Self-driving Car During Daytime or Nighttime ↗ · 2024 · Sahaï, Aïsha et al. · indexed
498. Augmented Reality Guidance for Control Transitions in Automated Driving ↗ · 2018 · Eriksson, Alexander et al. · indexed
499. Comprehensibility and Perceptibility of Vehicle Pitch Motions as Feedback for the Driver During Partially Automated Driving ↗ · 2019 · Cramer, Stephanie et al. · indexed
500. What may happen or what you should do? Effects of knowledge representation regarding necessity of intervention on driver performance under level 2 automated driving ↗ · 2018 · Itoh, Makoto et al. · indexed
501. Workshop on Human Machine Interaction in Autonomous Vehicles ↗ · 2017 · Tango, Fabio et al. · indexed
502. Supporting car-following behavior through V2V-based beyond-visual-range information display · 2026 · Gu, Feiqi et al. · archived
503. Coupling intention and actions of vehicle-pedestrian interaction: A virtual reality experiment study · 2024 · Dang, Meiting et al. · archived
504. A multimodal notification interface for a driver assistance system ↗ · 2015 · Penenory, Victor Manuel et al. · indexed
505. Assessing Distraction Potential of Augmented Reality Head-Up Displays for Vehicle Drivers ↗ · 2022 · Kim, Hyungil et al. · indexed
506. Improving Passenger Experience and Trust in Automated Vehicles Through User-Adaptive HMIs: “The More the Better” Does Not Apply to Everyone · 2021 · Hartwich, Franziska et al. · archived
507. Assisting Drivers with Ambient Take-Over Requests in Highly Automated Driving ↗ · 2016 · Borojeni, Shadan Sadeghian et al. · indexed
508. Expectations and Understanding of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems among Drivers, Pedestrians, Bicyclists, and Public Transit Riders · 2021 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
509. Evaluating feedback requirements for trust calibration in automated vehicles ↗ · 2021 · Wintersberger, Philipp et al. · indexed
510. A Driving Simulator HMI Study Comparing a Steering Wheel Mounted Display to HUD, Instrument Panel and Center Stack Displays for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems and Warnings ↗ · 2010 · Watson, Todd et al. · indexed
511. Studying pedestrians´ crossing behavior during automated vehicle interactions: A Wizard of Oz study ↗ · 2022 · Bindschädel, Janina et al. · indexed
512. Transformation of a mental model by presenting image recognition results to a driver ↗ · 2020 · INOUE, Koichiro et al. · indexed
513. Understanding Driver-Automated Vehicle Interactions Through Wizard of Oz Design Improvisation ↗ · 2015 · Mok, Brian et al. · indexed
514. The Role of Nonverbal Communication in Driver Yielding Behavior: A VR-Based Analysis of Pedestrian–Driver Interactions ↗ · 2026 · Won, Jinho et al. · indexed
515. Human Centered Systems Laboratory Fact Sheet - Research that is Essential, Indispensable, and Connected to our Customers [2001] · 2001 · NHTSA · archived
516. Development Of Human Factors Guidelines For Advanced Traveler Information Systens And Commercial Vehicle Operations: Comparable Systems Analysis · 1996 · NHTSA · archived
517. Anthropomorphizing information to enhance trust in autonomous vehicles · 2018 · Niu, Dongfang et al. · archived
518. Automotive Collision Avoidance Field Operational Test: Warning Cue Implementation Summary Report · 2002 · NHTSA · archived
519. Harnessing Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P) Communication Technology: Sending Traffic Warnings to Texting Pedestrians ↗ · 2018 · Rahimian, Pooya et al. · indexed
520. Do drivers understand cyclists’ communication cues? ↗ · 2026 · Petersen, Christine M. et al. · indexed
521. Cross-cultural effects on drivers’ use of explicit and implicit communicative cues to predict intentions of other road users ↗ · 2023 · Sheppard, Elizabeth et al. · indexed
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523. Is control necessary for drivers? Exploring the influence of human–machine collaboration modes on driving behavior and subjective perception under different hazard visibility scenarios ↗ · 2025 · Chen, Yongkang et al. · indexed
524. Improving Safety of Vulnerable Road Users: Effectiveness of Environment and In-Vehicle Warning Systems at Intermodal Interchanges · 2014 · Carruth, Daniel et al. · archived
525. Nudging human drivers via implicit communication by automated vehicles: Empirical evidence and computational cognitive modeling · 2024 · Abbink, David A. · archived
526. A Bibliometric Review of Human Factors-Based In-Vehicle Human-Machine Interface Design ↗ · 2026 · Gao, Ya et al. · indexed
527. From young to old: The effects of information presentation type, multimodal display, and age on situation awareness and processing time in automated vehicles · 2024 · Du, Na et al. · archived
528. Using connected vehicle technology to deliver timely warnings to pedestrians. · 2016 · Kearney, Joseph K. et al. · archived
529. Using a Situational Awareness Display to Improve Rider Trust and Comfort with an AV Taxi ↗ · 2019 · Chang, Chun-Cheng et al. · indexed
530. A human machine interface framework for autonomous vehicle control ↗ · 2017 · Nakagawa, Takuma et al. · indexed
531. Perceptions of vulnerable roadway users on autonomous vehicle regulations ↗ · 2024 · Rahman, Md Tawhidur et al. · indexed
532. Novel Auditory Displays in Highly Automated Vehicles: Sonification Improves Driver Situation Awareness, Perceived Workload, and Overall Experience · 2021 · Nadri, Chihab et al. · archived
533. Perceptions of safety on a shared road: Driving, cycling, or walking near an autonomous vehicle ↗ · 2020 · Pyrialakou, V.Dimitra et al. · indexed
534. Real-World Observations and Human Factors Evaluation of AV Shuttle Operations · 2025 · Fox, Sarah et al. · archived
535. Development of Warning Methods for Planned and Unplanned Takeover Requests in a Simulated Automated Driving Vehicle ↗ · 2022 · Hong, Sara et al. · indexed
536. Evaluation of the effects of in-vehicle traffic lights on driving performances for unsignalised intersections · 2017 · Yang, Bo et al. · archived
537. Development of human factors guidelines for advanced traveler information systems and commercial vehicle operations : definition and prioritization of research studies · 1997 · Kantowitz, B. H. et al. · archived
538. “Can you rely on me?” Evaluating a Confidence HMI for Cooperative, Automated Driving ↗ · 2022 · Peintner, Jakob Benedikt et al. · indexed
539. The Impact of Modality, Technology Suspicion, and NDRT Engagement on the Effectiveness of AV Explanations · 2023 · Esterwood, Connor · archived
540. Human-Centered Design for an In-Vehicle Truck Driver Fatigue and Distraction Warning System ↗ · 2022 · Horberry, Tim et al. · indexed
541. Announcing Automated Lane Changes: Active Vehicle Roll Motions as Feedback for the Driver ↗ · 2019 · Cramer, Stephanie et al. · indexed
542. Human Factors Design Guidelines for Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) and Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO) · 1998 · Campbell, J. L. et al. · archived
543. A Preliminary Investigation into the Impact of Connected Vehicle Human-Machine Interface on Driving Behavior ↗ · 2019 · Ahmed, Mohamed M. et al. · indexed
544. Please Let me in: A Participatory Workshop Approach to the Design of a Driver-to-driver Communication Device ↗ · 2015 · Lamas, Raphael et al. · indexed
545. Conceptualisation of the Human-Machine Interface of an Integrated Driver Monitoring and Emergency Handling System ↗ · 2000 · BEKIARIS, EVANGELOS et al. · indexed
546. Mind the Cyclist: Driver-Seat Occupant's Perceptions of Automated Vehicle's Interaction with Cyclists at Priority Intersections ↗ · 2026 · Zhao, Jinyang et al. · indexed
547. An experiment on ambient light patterns to support lane change decisions ↗ · 2015 · Locken, Andreas et al. · indexed
548. Interactive Traffic Management for Highly Automated Vehicles · 2023 · Alkim, Tom et al. · archived
549. Building a Simulation Environment to Test the Human-Machine Interface of an Automated Driving System ↗ · 2017 · KUSUNOKI, Masaatsu et al. · indexed
550. An Augmented Reality Display for Conditionally Automated Driving ↗ · 2018 · Schömig, Nadja et al. · indexed
551. Student Concept Vehicle: Development and Usability of an Innovative Holographic User Interface Concept and a Novel Parking Assistance System Concept ↗ · 2019 · Mims, Lauren et al. · indexed
552. Pointing Towards Future Automotive HMIs ↗ · 2014 · Zhang, Yu et al. · indexed
553. Improving clarity, cooperation and driver experience in lane change manoeuvres ↗ · 2022 · Haar, A. et al. · indexed
554. Using a user-independent approach for automotive human-machine interface assessment · 2018 · Biondi, F et al. · archived
555. Driver Logo Sign Detection and Hazard Responses during Partially Automated Driving ↗ · 2020 · Cauffman, Stephen J. et al. · indexed
556. Human Factors Laboratory [Fact Sheet] · 1994 · NHTSA · archived
557. Designing human-machine interface for unmanned vehicle with account for time for control transfer ↗ · 2020 · Zhankaziev, Sultan et al. · indexed
558. Does the Conspicuity of Automated Vehicles with Visible Sensor Stacks Influence the Car-Following Behavior of Human Drivers? A Pilot Study ↗ · 2025 · Piri, Mehran et al. · indexed
559. Evaluation of driver performance with a prototype cyber physical mid-block crossing advanced warning system ↗ · 2021 · Angulo, Austin Valentine et al. · indexed
560. VLM-driven Risk-Adaptive HUD Interactions for Trust Calibration in Automated Driving ↗ · 2026 · Ren, Mengyang et al. · indexed
561. Decoding the silent dialogue: Unveiling driver-pedestrian communication dynamics with a hidden Markov model ↗ · 2025 · Pipkorn, Linda et al. · indexed
562. Is less really more? A user study on visual in-vehicle information systems in automated vehicles from a user experience and usability perspective ↗ · 2022 · Stojmenova, Kristina et al. · indexed
563. Driving automation & changed driver's task - effect of driver-interfaces on intervention ↗ · 2016 · van den Beukel, Arie P. et al. · indexed
564. Evaluation of User Interfaces for Cooperation Between Driver and Automated Driving System* ↗ · 2023 · Steckhan, Lorenz et al. · indexed
565. Design and evaluation of cooperative human–machine interface for changing lanes in conditional driving automation ↗ · 2022 · Muslim, Husam et al. · indexed
566. Saluton! How do you evaluate usability? – Virtual Workshop on Usability Assessments of Automated Driving Systems ↗ · 2020 · Albers, Deike et al. · indexed
567. Interaction Design of Closed Dark Cabin Driving Interface based on Situation Awareness · 2023 · Gong, Xiaodong et al. · archived
568. Effects of Vehicle Automation and Cooperative Driving Messaging on Driver Behavior When Passing a Bicyclist on a Shared Roadway · 2024 · Sanchez, Robert et al. · archived
569. Smart, Green, Equitable, Safe, Complete Streets for All - Phase I: Development of a CAV Testbed-enhanced Smart Campus at Morgan State University · 2024 · Jeihani, Mansoureh et al. · archived
570. Comparison of Connected Automated Vehicle to Pedestrian Interaction Systems to Reduce Vehicle Waiting Times ↗ · 2021 · Barnett, Ryan et al. · indexed
571. Learning in Mixed Traffic: Drivers’ Adaptation to Ambiguous Communication Depending on Their Expectations toward Automated and Manual Vehicles ↗ · 2023 · Miller, Linda et al. · indexed
572. Enhancing Vulnerable Road User Safety at Signalized Intersections Through Cooperative Perception and Driving Automation: Final Report · 2024 · Bayartsengel, Misheel et al. · archived
573. Factors Affecting Pedestrians’ Trust in Automated Vehicles: Literature Review and Theoretical Model ↗ · 2021 · Zhou, Siyuan et al. · indexed
574. Communication Strategies for Automated Merging in Dense Traffic ↗ · 2019 · Potzy, Johannes et al. · indexed
575. The flashing right turn signal with pedestrian indication : human factors studies to understand the potential of a new signal to increase awareness of and attention to crossing pedestrians. · 2015 · Boot, Walter et al. · archived
576. What and When to Explain? A Survey of the Impact of Explanation on Attitudes Toward Adopting Automated Vehicles · 2021 · Zhang, Qiaoning et al. · archived
577. Creating Appropriate Trust in Automated Vehicle Systems: A Framework for HMI Design ↗ · 2017 · Ekman, Fredrick et al. · indexed
578. Investigation of Driver-Infrastructure and Driver-Vehicle Interfaces for an Intersection Violation Warning System ↗ · 2007 · Neale, Vicki L. et al. · indexed
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580. Evaluating Drivers’ Understanding of Warning Symbols Presented on In-Vehicle Digital Displays Using a Driving Simulator ↗ · 2023 · Schwambach, Breno et al. · indexed
581. Acceptability evaluation of inter-driver interaction system via a driving agent using vehicle-to-vehicle communication ↗ · 2020 · Hagiya, Toshiyuki et al. · indexed
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584. Interdisciplinary industrial design strategies for human-automation interaction: Industry experts’ perspectives ↗ · 2022 · Y Mbelekani, Naomi et al. · indexed
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588. Looking Inside Out: Anticipating Driver Intent From Videos ↗ · 2024 · Kung, Yung-Chi et al. · indexed
589. Human-Centered HMI Design for Level 3 Automated Driving Takeover Process ↗ · 2023 · Qiu, Yuqi · indexed
590. First international workshop on vehicle-highway automation : August 11-12, 1997 : San Diego, California, USA · 1997 · NHTSA · archived
591. The influence of study design on results in HMI testing for active safety ↗ · 2007 · Ljung, Mikael et al. · indexed
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596. Evaluating interactions with non-existing automated vehicles: three Wizard of Oz approaches ↗ · 2016 · Habibovic, A. et al. · indexed
597. Cooperation between drivers and automation: implications for safety ↗ · 2008 · Hoc, Jean-Michel et al. · indexed
598. Effects of a color gradient and emoji in AR-HUD warning interfaces in autonomous vehicles on takeover performance and driver emotions ↗ · 2024 · Yu, Kaidi et al. · indexed
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600. “Game over” for autonomous shuttles in mixed traffic? Results from field surveys among pedestrians and cyclists on how they interact with autonomous shuttles in real-life traffic in Norway · 2023 · Bjørnskau, Torkel et al. · archived
601. Models of Human Decision-Making as Tools for Estimating and Optimizing Impacts of Vehicle Automation ↗ · 2018 · Markkula, Gustav et al. · indexed
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603. Explaining Authoritative Control Interventions in Automated Driving to Support Driver Understanding, Trust, and Reliance ↗ · 2025 · Dixon, Liza et al. · indexed
604. A Review of Automotive AR-HUD Interfaces Across Driver Roles and Vehicle Automation Levels ↗ · 2026 · Vezzani, Leonardo et al. · indexed
605. Editorial to the Special Issue on Road User Interactions in the Age of Vehicle Automation ↗ · 2026 · Lee, Yee Mun et al. · indexed
606. Smarter Intersections Pilot Project Implementation Report · 2025 · Turnbull, Katie · archived
607. Human Factors for Connected Vehicles Transit Bus Research · 2019 · Graving, Justin et al. · archived
608. Ergonomics Specifications and Design of a HMI for an Informational Safe Driving Support System ↗ · 2001 · Nicolas, Laurent · indexed
609. Tactile manual input driver-vehicle interface enabling non-driving-related tasks and emergency braking for conditionally automated vehicles ↗ · 2026 · Dong, Yichen et al. · indexed
610. 22.1: <i>Invited Paper</i> : An Integrated HMI Concept for Driver Information and Driver Assistance Systems ↗ · 2007 · Knoll, Peter M. · indexed
611. Enhancing passenger-vehicle interaction through multimodal explanation for unexpected behaviors of fully autonomous driving in non-driving-related tasks ↗ · 2025 · Hong, Jeonguk et al. · indexed
612. How do drivers react to crossing pedestrians at unsignalized roads? A contrast study for naturalistic driving and dummy pedestrian test ↗ · 2026 · Huang, Xiaorong et al. · indexed
613. Understanding Pedestrian Behavior in Complex Traffic Scenes ↗ · 2018 · Rasouli, Amir et al. · indexed
614. Motor Vehicle Driver Interfaces ↗ · 2026 · Green, Paul A. · indexed
615. Shifting Gears: User Interfaces in the Age of Autonomous Driving ↗ · 2016 · Kun, Andrew L. et al. · indexed
616. A multimodal interaction concept for cooperative driving ↗ · 2013 · Zimmermann, Markus et al. · indexed
617. Video observation of encounters between the automated shuttles and other traffic participants along an approach to right-hand priority T-intersection · 2021 · Pokorny, Petr et al. · archived
618. Advanced Driver Assistant Systems Focused on Pedestrians’ Safety: A User Experience Approach ↗ · 2021 · Šucha, Matúš et al. · indexed
619. In-Vehicle Decision Support to Reduce Crashes at Rural Thru-Stop Intersections · 2011 · Hayes, Caroline et al. · archived
620. Understanding and Using New Pedestrian and Bicycle Facilities · 2022 · Jackson, Steve et al. · archived
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622. Research review of potential safety effects of electronic billboards on driver attention and distraction · 2001 · Farbry, J. et al. · archived
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625. Implicit Driving Cues for Coordinating Actions When Sharing Spaces ↗ · 2026 · Hensch, Ann-Christin et al. · indexed
626. Supporting anticipation in driving through attentional and interpretational in-vehicle displays ↗ · 2016 · Stahl, Patrick et al. · indexed
627. Vehicle Road Sign Controller System: A Man-Machine Interface to Reduce Collisions ↗ · 2007 · Beainy, Fares N. et al. · indexed
628. Route Guidance Systems: Getting it Right from the Driver's Perspective ↗ · 1996 · Burnett, Gary et al. · indexed
629. FHWA Cooperative Automation Research: CARMA Proof-of-Concept TSMO Use Case Testing: CARMA Cooperative Perception Low-Level Concept of Operations · 2022 · Lou, Yingyan et al. · archived
630. The Effects of Using a Virtual Agent to Signal Danger on Hazard Prediction Ability in Conditionally Automated Driving ↗ · 2026 · Goodge, Thomas et al. · indexed
631. A Novel Active Heads-Up Display for Driver Assistance ↗ · 2008 · Doshi, A. et al. · indexed
632. How do active road users act around autonomous vehicles? An inverse reinforcement learning approach ↗ · 2024 · Alozi, Abdul Razak et al. · indexed
633. How to support cooperative driving by HMI design? ↗ · 2019 · Kraft, Ann-Kathrin et al. · indexed
634. Design, Implementation and Experimental Investigation of a Pedestrian Street Crossing Assistance System Based on Visible Light Communications ↗ · 2022 · Căilean, Alin-Mihai et al. · indexed
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638. Enhancing the driver awareness of pedestrian using augmented reality cues ↗ · 2016 · Minh Tien Phan et al. · indexed
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640. Capable and considerate: Exploring the assigned attributes of an automated vehicle · 2021 · Johansson, Mikael et al. · archived
641. An Auditory Display for Remote Road Vehicle Operation That Increases Awareness and Presence · 2023 · Larsson, Pontus et al. · archived
642. Checklist for Expert Evaluation of HMIs of Automated Vehicles—Discussions on Its Value and Adaptions of the Method within an Expert Workshop ↗ · 2020 · Schömig, Nadja et al. · indexed
643. Who goes first? A distributed simulator study of vehicle–pedestrian interaction ↗ · 2023 · Kalantari, Amir Hossein et al. · indexed
644. Looking-In and Looking-Out of a Vehicle: Computer-Vision-Based Enhanced Vehicle Safety ↗ · 2007 · Trivedi, Mohan Manubhai et al. · indexed
645. Empathic vehicle design: Use cases and design directions from two workshops ↗ · 2022 · Nadri, Chihab et al. · indexed
646. Effects of Semantic Segmentation Visualization on Trust, Situation Awareness, and Cognitive Load in Highly Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2021 · Colley, Mark et al. · indexed
647. Towards a Cooperative Driver-Vehicle Interface: Enhancing Drivers' Perception of Cyclists through Augmented Reality ↗ · 2020 · Pichen, Jürgen et al. · indexed
648. Benefits of Redundant Visual In-Vehicle Information in Pedestrian–Vehicle Conflict Scenarios ↗ · 2019 · Hoekstra-Atwood, Liberty et al. · indexed
649. Driver Link-up ↗ · 2014 · Lamas, Raphael et al. · indexed
650. Nudging human drivers via implicit communication by automated vehicles: Empirical evidence and computational cognitive modeling ↗ · 2024 · Zgonnikov, Arkady et al. · indexed
651. The effects of displaying availability sections of an automated driving function ↗ · 2023 · Danner, Simon et al. · indexed
652. From automation to autonomy and autonomous vehicles ↗ · 2020 · Xu, Wei · indexed
653. Human Factors Guidelines for Intelligent Transportation Systems at the Highway-Rail Intersection: Technical Report · 2007 · Lerner, Neil D. et al. · archived
654. Smartphone-Based Mid-Block Pedestrian Crossing In-Vehicle Warning - Phase 2: Final Project Report · 2020 · Roldan, Stephanie M. et al. · archived
655. Recent International Activity in Cooperative Vehicle–Highway Automation Systems · 2012 · Shladover, S.E. · archived
656. Do you trust what an automated vehicle shows you? The effects of presenting dynamic system certainty information on driver behavior ↗ · 2026 · George, Micah Wilson et al. · indexed
657. Phantom braking in automated vehicles: A theoretical outline and cycling simulator demonstration · 2024 · Hegna Berge, Siri et al. · archived
658. Multimodal TOR interfaces for L3 autonomous vehicles: a tradeoff analysis of driver trust, cognitive load, and takeover efficiency ↗ · 2026 · Guo, Qi et al. · indexed
659. Human-Centred Classification of Remote Operation Intervention Scenarios for Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2026 · Medojevic, Marko et al. · indexed
660. Technology acceptance comparison between on-road dynamic message sign and on-board human machine interface for connected vehicle-based variable speed limit in fog area ↗ · 2019 · Li, Jia et al. · indexed
661. Influence of Information about Minimal Risk Maneuvers on Driver Behavior during Conditional Driving Automation ↗ · 2022 · Ichinose, Yusaku et al. · indexed
662. Autonomous Vehicles and Vulnerable Road-Users—Important Considerations and Requirements Based on Crash Data from Two Countries ↗ · 2021 · Morris, Andrew Paul et al. · indexed
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665. Ghost driver ↗ · 2015 · Rothenbücher, Dirk et al. · indexed
666. Perceptions and expectations of autonomous vehicles – A snapshot of vulnerable road user opinion ↗ · 2019 · Penmetsa, Praveena et al. · indexed
667. Design and evaluation of situation-adaptive pedestrian-vehicle collision avoidance system ↗ · 2011 · Itoh, Makoto et al. · indexed
668. A Review on the Development of the In-Vehicle Human-Machine Interfaces in Driving Automation: A Design Perspective ↗ · 2024 · Dong, Haoyu et al. · indexed
669. How do cyclists interact with motorized vehicles at unsignalized intersections? Modeling cyclists’ yielding behavior using naturalistic data ↗ · 2023 · Mohammadi, Ali et al. · indexed
670. Designing Visual Signals to Support Situation Awareness Recovery in Conditional Automated Driving ↗ · 2024 · Lee, Okkeun et al. · indexed
671. Expanded Situational Awareness Without Vision · 2023 · Fink, Paul D. S. et al. · archived
672. Evolution of a full-windshield HUD designed for current VANET communication standards ↗ · 2013 · Charissis, Vassilis et al. · indexed
673. Active Road User Interactions With Autonomous Vehicles: Proactive Safety Assessment ↗ · 2023 · Alozi, Abdul Razak et al. · indexed
674. Multi-Vehicle Simulation in Urban Automated Driving: Technical Implementation and Added Benefit · 2020 · Feierle, Alexander et al. · archived
675. Use Cases for Assessing, Testing, and Validating the Human Machine Interface of Automated Driving Systems ↗ · 2018 · Naujoks, Frederik et al. · indexed
676. Who goes first? A distributed simulator study of vehicle-pedestrian interaction ↗ · 2022 · Kalantari, Amir Hossein et al. · indexed
677. Lessons learned from pedestrian-driver communication and yielding patterns · 2021 · Das, Subasish · archived
678. Vehicle Iconic Surround Observer: Visualization platform for intelligent driver support applications ↗ · 2010 · Morris, Brendan et al. · indexed
679. Design of Human-Machine Interface for Truck Platooning Using Driving Simulator · 2024 · Sugimachi, Toshiyuki · archived
680. But first let me see: Comparison of light cues after a take-over request in automated driving ↗ · 2025 · Kuhlmann, Kerstin et al. · indexed
681. A Hidden Markov Framework to Capture Human–Machine Interaction in Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2019 · Janssen, Christian P. et al. · indexed
682. Enhancing Motorist Understanding of Variable Message Signs ↗ · 2005 · Wang, Jyh-Hone et al. · indexed
683. Graphical User Interface for intelligent automotive with vehicle to vehicle communication and adaptive light controls using image processing and machine learning ↗ · 2022 · Jose, Robin et al. · indexed
684. Gaze-based Interaction with Windshield Displays for Automated Driving: Impact of Dwell Time and Feedback Design on Task Performance and Subjective Workload ↗ · 2020 · Riegler, Andreas et al. · indexed
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686. A Review of Virtual Reality Studies on Autonomous Vehicle–Pedestrian Interaction ↗ · 2021 · Tran, Tram et al. · indexed
687. A Proposed Method About the Design of Road Signs · 2014 · Viganó, Roberto et al. · archived
688. Constraining Design: Applying the Insights of Cognitive Work Analysis to the Design of Novel In-Car Interfaces to Support Eco-Driving · 2020 · Allison, Craig K. et al. · archived
689. VEHICLE–PEDESTRIAN INTERACTIONS INTO AND OUTSIDE OF CROSSWALKS: EFFECTS OF DRIVER ASSISTANCE SYSTEMS · 2021 · Bella, Francesco et al. · archived
690. Information Transparency in Multimodal Interfaces: Effects on Users' Situational Awareness in Autonomous Driving ↗ · 2025 · Liu, Xiaoqian et al. · indexed
691. Shaping driver-vehicle interaction in autonomous vehicles: How the new in-vehicle systems match the human needs ↗ · 2021 · Sun, Xu et al. · indexed
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696. ThermalDrive - Towards Situation Awareness over Thermal Feedback in Automated Driving Scenarios ↗ · 2022 · Meng, Xiaru et al. · indexed
697. Continuous Biomedical Monitoring in VR Scenarios of Socially Smart and Safe Autonomous Vehicle Interaction ↗ · 2024 · Kocejko, Tomasz et al. · indexed
698. Evaluation of Transit Bus Turn Warning Systems for Pedestrians and Cyclists · 2015 · Pecheux, Kelley et al. · archived
699. Function-Specific Uncertainty Communication in Automated Driving ↗ · 2019 · Kunze, Alexander et al. · indexed
700. Acceptance towards automated vehicles in urban traffic: A survey of pedestrian’s attitudes and behavioral intentions ↗ · 2025 · Harkin, Kevin A. et al. · indexed
701. Examining pedestrians’ trust in automated vehicles based on attributes of trust: A qualitative study ↗ · 2023 · Zhou, Siyuan et al. · indexed
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716. Guest Editors Introduction to the Special Issue “User-Centered Design for Automated Vehicles: HMIs, User Needs, and Preferences” ↗ · 2019 · Riener, Andreas et al. · indexed
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718. Would you cross the road? Modelling interactions between the factors influencing pedestrians’ decisions when exposed to automated vehicles ↗ · 2023 · Shahi, Sachita et al. · indexed
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720. To Inform or to Instruct? An Evaluation of Meaningful Vibrotactile Patterns to Support Automated Vehicle Takeover Performance ↗ · 2023 · Huang, Gaojian et al. · indexed
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739. A Taxonomy for Autonomous Vehicles Considering Ambient Road Infrastructure · 2023 · Chen, Sikai et al. · archived
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741. Pedestrian Profiling Based on Road Crossing Decisions in the Presence of Automated Vehicles: The Sorting Hat for Pedestrian Behaviours and Psychological Facets ↗ · 2025 · Shahi, Sachita et al. · indexed
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744. Driver Responses to Incongruent V2V and V2I Safety Critical Information in Left-Turn Across Path Scenarios ↗ · 2017 · Richard, Christian et al. · indexed
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746. What Do People Want to Know about Artificial Intelligence (AI)? The Importance of Answering End-user Questions to Explain Autonomous Vehicle (AV) Decisions ↗ · 2025 · Molaei, Somayeh et al. · indexed
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816. Method for Incorporating Awareness Mechanisms in Driving Simulation Environments ↗ · 2014 · Alcazar, Hector et al. · indexed
817. Mobile user interface development for the Virginia Connected Corridors. · 2016 · Mollenhauer, Michael A et al. · archived
818. User-Centered Design for Railroad Automation: Phase I · 2023 · Cowen, Michael B. et al. · archived
819. A hand gesture based driver-vehicle interface to control lateral and longitudinal motions of an autonomous vehicle ↗ · 2016 · Manawadu, Udara E. et al. · indexed
820. Complementing Haptic Shared Control With Visual Feedback for Obstacle Avoidance ↗ · 2019 · Abbink, David A. · indexed
821. Towards cooperative guidance and control of highly automated vehicles: H-Mode and Conduct-by-Wire ↗ · 2014 · Flemisch, Frank et al. · indexed
822. Human Factors in Driving ↗ · 2023 · Donmez, Birsen et al. · indexed
823. International harmonized research activities report of working group on intelligent transport systems (ITS) ↗ · 2001 · Noy, Y. Ian · indexed
824. Increasing trust in fully automated driving ↗ · 2019 · von Sawitzky, Tamara et al. · indexed
825. Visually Impaired Pedestrian Safety at Roundabout Crossings · 2017 · Christofa, Eleni et al. · archived
826. BETTER SIGNS FOR BETTER ROAD SAFETY ↗ · 2001 · Al-Yousifi, Adel Easa · indexed
827. Intention Based Comparative Analysis of Human-Robot Interaction ↗ · 2020 · Awais, Muhammad et al. · indexed
828. Consumer Information Potpourri: Instructional and Operational Variability Among Passenger Vehicle Automated Systems ↗ · 2019 · Wright, Timothy J. et al. · indexed
829. Automated Vehicles and Adverse Weather: Final Report · 2019 · Neumeister, David M. et al. · archived
830. Reducing School Bus/Light-Vehicle Conflicts through Connected Vehicle Communications · 2016 · Palframan, Kelly Donoghue et al. · archived
831. Current Status and Challenges in Usability Evaluation Research on Human–Machine Interaction in Intelligent Vehicles: A Systematic Review ↗ · 2025 · Zhou, Datao et al. · indexed
832. The Effect of Communicational Signals on Drivers’ Emotion States · 2021 · Ba, Yutao et al. · archived
833. Human–machine interaction theories and lane departure warnings ↗ · 2016 · Navarro, Jordan · indexed
834. Automated Vehicle Recommendations for Texas: A Study of Highway and Urban Operational Design Domains · 2023 · Chin, Kristie et al. · archived
835. Travelers' information need in automated vehicles - a psychophysiological analysis ↗ · 2022 · Brandebusemeyer, Charlotte et al. · indexed
836. Supplementary Benefits from Partial Vehicle Automation in an Ecoapproach and Departure Application at Signalized Intersections ↗ · 2014 · Wu, Guoyuan et al. · indexed
837. Exterior sounds for electric and automated vehicles: Loud is effective ↗ · 2023 · Bazilinskyy, Pavlo et al. · indexed
838. Public Roads Vol. 88 No. 2 · 2024 · NHTSA · archived
839. Application of LargeSpace for Investigating Pedestrians' Behaviors when Interacting with Autonomous Vehicles in Shared Spaces ↗ · 2022 · Andrijanto, Andrijanto et al. · indexed
840. Dynamic Human-Machine Interface for Electrical vehicle design guidelines ↗ · 2015 · Rozhdestvenskiy, D. et al. · indexed
841. Integration of Wearables and Wireless Technologies to Improve the Interaction between Disabled Vulnerable Road Users and Self-Driving Cars ↗ · 2023 · Guerrero-Ibañez, Antonio et al. · indexed
842. Effects of Traffic-related Environmental Factors on Acceptability and Safety of Truck Platooning for Peripheral Drivers: A Simulator Study ↗ · 2022 · Gwak, Jongseong et al. · indexed
843. Natural Interaction Using Human Motion Recognition Towards Joint Attention for Human Vehicle ↗ · 2006 · Nakazato, Jun et al. · indexed
844. It Is Not Always Just One Road User: Workshop on Multi-Agent Automotive Research ↗ · 2024 · Bazilinskyy, Pavlo et al. · indexed
845. User interfaces for first responder vehicles ↗ · 2015 · Kun, Andrew L. et al. · indexed
846. Online Monitoring for Safe Pedestrian-Vehicle Interactions · 2020 · Du, Peter et al. · archived
847. Are cars visually threatening to pedestrians? ↗ · 2005 · Bayley, M. et al. · indexed
848. Road Traffic Gesture Autonomous Integrity Monitoring Using Fuzzy Logic ↗ · 2024 · Ampadu, Kwame Owusu et al. · indexed
849. PGR‐Net: A Pedestrian Gesture Recognition Model for Effective AV‐Human Interactions in Autonomous Vehicles ↗ · 2026 · Mahdi, Alif Rizqullah et al. · indexed
850. Design Guidelines for Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS): The User Requirements Analysis ↗ · 1997 · Campbell, John L. et al. · indexed
851. Warning Apps for Road Safety: A Technological and Economical Perspective for Autonomous Driving – The Warning Task in the Transition from Human Driver to Automated Driving ↗ · 2021 · Trager, Johanna et al. · indexed
852. Can Vision-Language Models Understand and Interpret Dynamic Gestures from Pedestrians? Pilot Datasets and Exploration Towards Instructive Nonverbal Commands for Cooperative Autonomous Vehicles · 2025 · Bossen, Tonko Emil Westerhof et al. · archived
853. Human Factors Evaluation of Existing Side Collision Avoidance System Driver Interfaces ↗ · 1995 · Mazzae, Elizabeth N. et al. · indexed
854. The Social Aptitude of AI: Quantifying and Assessing Driving Automation-Pedestrian Interactions ↗ · 2026 · Elahi, Md Fazle et al. · indexed
855. Character Actor ↗ · 2018 · Tennent, Hamish et al. · indexed
856. Participatory Design in the Classroom: Exploring the Design of an Autonomous Vehicle Human-Machine Interface with a Visually Impaired Co-Designer ↗ · 2020 · Huff, Earl W. et al. · indexed
857. Visual assistances to right turn in an intersection by using HIR (Human-Oriented Information Restructuring) System ↗ · 2003 · Sakai, H. et al. · indexed
858. Considerations in HMI Design of a Reverse Braking Assist (RBA) System ↗ · 2013 · Kochhar, Dev et al. · indexed
859. Specialty Vehicle Platform Results for Intelligent Vehicle Initiative: Minnesota Field Operational Test ↗ · 2003 · Estochen, Brad · indexed
860. External Perception for Locomotives: Systems and Algorithm Development · 2020 · Brown, Daniel et al. · archived
861. Human factors in modern traffic systems ↗ · 1997 · Noy, Y. Ian · indexed
862. Socially Acceptable Collision Avoidance System for Vulnerable Road Users ↗ · 2016 · Emirler, Mümin Tolga et al. · indexed
863. Human Perception of AI Capabilities in Identifying Malicious Roadway Signs ↗ · 2022 · Garcia, Katherine R. et al. · indexed
864. Automated Vehicles and Pedestrian Safety: Exploring the Promise and Limits of Pedestrian Detection ↗ · 2018 · Combs, Tabitha S. et al. · indexed
865. Age-Adaptive Visual Appearance Design of In-Vehicle Agents: A Mixed Experiment in Driving and Non-Driving Contexts ↗ · 2026 · Huang, Liqing et al. · indexed
866. Insights and Strategies for an Autonomous Vehicle With a Sensor Fusion Innovation: A Fictional Outlook ↗ · 2020 · Hafeez, Farrukh et al. · indexed
867. Using Personas with Visual Impairments to Explore the Design of an Accessible Self-Driving Vehicle Human-Machine Interface ↗ · 2021 · Brinkley, Julian · indexed
868. Pedestrian intention recognition using Latent-dynamic Conditional Random Fields ↗ · 2015 · Schulz, Andreas Th. et al. · indexed
869. Phase 2 Outreach Plan: Georgia DOT ITS4US Deployment Project - Safe Trips in a Connected Transportation Network · 2022 · Davis, Alan et al. · archived
870. Phase 1 Outreach Plan— ARC ITS4US Deployment Project · 2022 · Wakhisi, Kofi et al. · archived
871. Gesture Matters: Pedestrian Gesture Recognition for AVs Through Skeleton Pose Evaluation ↗ · 2025 · Mahdi, Alif Rizqullah et al. · indexed
872. Back-off ↗ · 2021 · Reinhardt, Jakob et al. · indexed
873. Human Factors in Intelligent Transportation Systems ↗ · 2014 · Barfield, Woodrow et al. · indexed
874. Phase 1 Outreach Plan- Buffalo, NY ITS4US Deployment Project · 2021 · O’Sullivan, Katie et al. · archived
875. Phase 2 Outreach Plan - Buffalo, NY ITS4US Deployment Project · 2022 · O’Sullivan, Katie et al. · archived
876. USDOT ATTRI Program: International Innovation Coordination Plan · 2016 · Sundararajan, Sudharson et al. · archived
877. Driving Assistance by Personal Mobility Vehicle Based on Shared Controller with Semantic Road Segmentation ↗ · 2025 · Hoshino, Satoshi et al. · indexed
878. Evaluation of a Motorist Information System Using Computer Display Terminals · 1992 · Thompson, Beverly A. · archived
879. Bayesian Estimation of Wheelchair Driver Intents: Modeling Intents as Geometric Paths Tracked by the Driver ↗ · 2006 · Demeester, Eric et al. · indexed
880. Special Issue on Mechatronics ↗ · 2011 · Marcelo H. Ang Jr. · indexed
881. Human-Centered Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Marine Autonomous Surface Vehicles ↗ · 2021 · Veitch, Erik et al. · indexed
882. Noise Resilient Outdoor Traffic Light Visible Light Communications System Based on Logarithmic Transimpedance Circuit: Experimental Demonstration of a 50 m Reliable Link in Direct Sun Exposure ↗ · 2020 · Avătămăniței, Sebastian Andrei et al. · indexed
883. Integrating conservation biology into the development of automated vehicle technology to reduce animal–vehicle collisions ↗ · 2017 · Niehaus, Amanda C. et al. · indexed
884. Human-centered visualization technologies for patient monitoring are the future: a narrative review · 2023 · Gasciauskaite, Greta et al. · archived
885. Evaluating Pictographic Symbols: An Automotive Application ↗ · 1978 · Green, Paul et al. · indexed
886. Platooning: Connected Vehicles for Safety and Efficiency [Connected Vehicles] ↗ · 2016 · Uhlemann, Elisabeth · indexed
887. AUTOPILOT Project : Development of Intersection Safety Information System and Service Technology for Autonomous Driving ↗ · 2018 · Lee, Jeong-Woo et al. · indexed
888. Multimodal and Accessible Travel Standards Assessment – Outreach Report · 2020 · Okunieff, Paula E. et al. · archived
889. Integrated Door Opening and Lane Change Warning System (IDOLCWS) ↗ · 2024 · Gireesh Patrudu, Banka et al. · indexed
890. The Implications of Data-Link for Representing Pilot Request Information on 2D and 3D Air Traffic Control Displays ↗ · 1994 · Wickens, C. D. · indexed
891. Get This!? Mixed Reality Improves Robot Communication Regardless of Mental Workload ↗ · 2021 · Wickens, C. D. · indexed
892. Simulation of Human-Vehicle Interaction in Vehicle Design at Saab Automobile: Present and Future ↗ · 2003 · Blomé, Mikael et al. · indexed
893. Phase 1 Human Use Approval Summary: ARC ITS4US Deployment Project · 2022 · Wakhisi, Kofi et al. · archived
894. Real world experiments of an autonomous mobile robot in the pedestrian environment ↗ · 2011 · Date, Hisashi et al. · indexed
895. Research on driver machine interface recognition method of train control system based on YOLOv8 ↗ · 2024 · Cheng, Ye et al. · indexed
896. Object and animation display with multiple aerial vehicles ↗ · 2012 · Alonso-Mora, Javier et al. · indexed
897. Mobile Phone-Based Artificial Intelligence Development for Maintenance Asset Management [Research Brief] · 2024 · Chen, Jianli et al. · archived
898. Intelligent interactive test system for the human-machine interface function of electric vehicle charging piles based on computer vision ↗ · 2022 · Xiang, Yanyan et al. · indexed
899. Image and animation display with multiple mobile robots ↗ · 2012 · Alonso-Mora, Javier et al. · indexed
900. Intelligent Sidewalk De-Icing and Pre-Treatment with Connected Campus Maintenance Vehicles · 2022 · Mahlberg, Justin et al. · archived
901. Purpose Design for Electric Cars: Parameters Defining Exterior Vehicle Proportions ↗ · 2014 · Luccarelli, Martin et al. · indexed
902. Enhancing situational awareness of indoor orientation for the visually impaired ↗ · 2014 · Alkhanifer, Abdulrhman A. · indexed
903. The intersection between cognitive robotics and human robot interaction ↗ · 2011 · Trafton, J. Gregory · indexed
904. Realizing the Indonesian National Car: The Design of the 4x2 Wheel Drive Passenger Car Exterior using the Kansei Engineering Type 1 ↗ · 2017 · Yogasara, Thedy et al. · indexed
905. Explainable AI for Deep Visual Recognition: Evaluation, Methods, and Open Challenges ↗ · 2026 · Alharbi, Khalid Nawaf · indexed
906. Critical success factors for IoT-based curbside management systems ↗ · 2026 · Bäßmann, Felix N. et al. · indexed
907. Automatic Multi-Camera Extrinsic Parameter Calibration Based on Pedestrian Torsors ^† ↗ · 2019 · Truong, Anh Minh et al. · indexed
908. Increasing the operational safety of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles using the JANUS communication standard ↗ · 2018 · Ferreira, Fausto et al. · indexed
909. <i>Noir's Cars</i>: Automobility and Amoral Space in American Film Noir ↗ · 2008 · Osteen, Mark · indexed
910. In the Garden of Forking Paths ↗ · 1998 · Barnet, Belinda · indexed
911. Humanized design strategy of urban public space based on multi-objective optimization algorithm ↗ · 2025 · Qian, Wang · indexed
912. Engineering to reduce crime and disorder in public places ↗ · 2012 · Gilbertson, Alan et al. · indexed
913. Electric vehicle charging infrastructure ↗ · 2012 · Tan, Eileen Wan Ting. · indexed
914. Navigation in Multi-Agent System With Side Preference Path Optimizer ↗ · 2021 · Yao, Chenpeng et al. · indexed
915. Coupling Outdoor Heat Stress and Indoor Thermal Exposure in Dwellings: A Human Biometeorology Approach ↗ · 2026 · Papanikolaou, Nikolaos et al. · indexed
916. Enhancing pedestrian detection in urban areas using high-resolution satellite imagery and CNN Models ↗ · 2025 · Quang, An Vo et al. · indexed
917. Neuroeconomics Meets Aquaponics: An Eye-tracking Pilot Study on Perception of Information about Aquaponics ↗ · 2019 · Schröter, Iris et al. · indexed
918. Disrupting State Spaces: Asylum Seekers in Australia’s Offshore Detention Centres ↗ · 2021 · Sharples, Rachel · indexed
919. Notícias ↗ · 2017 · Notícias, Transfer · indexed
920. The Handmaid’s Tale polysemic affects: Symbolism, cosplay and performance of the Handmaid in UK protest ↗ · 2025 · Meakin, Kam · indexed
921. Digitizing activist art: Widening the platform for civic engagement ↗ · 2016 · Ali, Roaa · indexed
922. Interactive Narration: Immersive Emotional Expression in New Media Image Art ↗ · 2023 · Bai, Shiqi · indexed
923. Global Perspectives in English for Specific Purposes and Specialized Translation ↗ · 2026 · Akbarian, Sougand · indexed