vru facing ehmi

External human-machine interfaces aimed at vulnerable road users: vehicle-mounted displays, lights, or signals that tell pedestrians and cyclists when it is safe to cross or convey an automated vehicle's intent and yielding decision. This is specifically the VRU-facing side of eHMI (the general eHMI tag lives elsewhere). It concerns engineered signaling hardware and its messages, distinct from informal human negotiation between drivers and VRUs (driver_vru_interaction) and from the VRU's own perception (pedestrian_behavior_perception).

366 paper(s) · ranked by relevance to this topic

1. External HMI for self-driving vehicles: Which information shall be displayed? ↗ · 2020 · Faas, Stefanie M. et al. · indexed
2. External Human-Machine Interfaces on Automated Vehicles: Effects on Pedestrian Crossing Decisions · 2019 · de Clercq, Koen et al. · archived
3. External human–machine interfaces: Gimmick or necessity? ↗ · 2022 · de Winter, Joost et al. · indexed
4. Principles for External Human–Machine Interfaces · 2023 · Wilbrink, Marc et al. · archived
5. Impact of External Human–Machine Interface Communication Strategies of Automated Vehicles on Pedestrians’ Crossing Decisions and Behaviors in an Urban Environment ↗ · 2021 · Wilbrink, Marc et al. · indexed
6. How should external human-machine interfaces behave? Examining the effects of colour, position, message, activation distance, vehicle yielding, and visual distraction among 1,434 participants ↗ · 2021 · Bazilinskyy, P. et al. · indexed
7. Pedestrian interaction with multiple highly automated vehicles: Effects of LED- and augmented reality eHMIs · 2026 · Wilbrink, Marc et al. · archived
8. External Human–Machine Interfaces for Autonomous Vehicle-to-Pedestrian Communication: A Review of Empirical Work · 2019 · Rouchitsas, Alexandros et al. · archived
9. Ghost on the Windshield: Employing a Virtual Human Character to Communicate Pedestrian Acknowledgement and Vehicle Intention · 2022 · Rouchitsas, Alexandros et al. · archived
10. Assessment of external interface of autonomous vehicles · 2021 · Orlický, Adam et al. · archived
11. Understanding the Headless Rider: Display-Based Awareness and Intent-Communication in Automated Vehicle-Pedestrian Interaction in Mixed Traffic ↗ · 2021 · Forke, Julia et al. · indexed
12. eHMI for All -- Investigating the Effect of External Communication of Automated Vehicles on Pedestrians, Manual Drivers, and Cyclists in Virtual Reality · 2026 · Colley, Mark et al. · archived
13. Allusion 2: External Communication for SAE L4 Vehicles · 2023 · Rossi-Alvarez, Alexandria I et al. · archived
14. Exploration of Factors Impacting the Successful Adoption of External Vehicle Interfaces · 2019 · Reimer, Bryan · archived
15. Editorial: Interaction between automated vehicles and other road users · 2023 · Wintersberger, Philipp et al. · archived
16. Crowdsourced Assessment of 227 Text-Based eHMIs for a Crossing Scenario · 2022 · Bazilinskyy, Pavlo et al. · archived
17. External Human–Machine Interfaces for Automated Vehicles in Shared Spaces: A Review of the Human–Computer Interaction Literature · 2023 · Brill, Sarah et al. · archived
18. The Effects of Explicit Intention Communication, Conspicuous Sensors, and Pedestrian Attitude in Interactions with Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2020 · Ackermans, Sander et al. · indexed
19. Multiple Sources of Safety Information from V2V and V2I: Phase II Final Safety Message Report · 2022 · Hoekstra-Atwood, Liberty et al. · archived
20. Communicating Intent of Automated Vehicles to Pedestrians · 2018 · Habibovic, Azra et al. · archived
21. Automated Driving Systems’ Communication of Intent with Shared Road Users · 2021 · Jenness, James et al. · archived
22. Should an external human-machine interface flash or just show text? A study with a gaze-contingent setup ↗ · 2023 · Eisma, Yke Bauke et al. · indexed
23. How Should Automated Vehicles Interact with Pedestrians? ↗ · 2019 · Löcken, Andreas et al. · indexed
24. What externally presented information do VRUs require when interacting with fully Automated Road Transport Systems in shared space? · 2018 · Merat, Natasha et al. · archived
25. Smiles and Angry Faces vs. Nods and Head Shakes: Facial Expressions at the Service of Autonomous Vehicles · 2023 · Rouchitsas, Alexandros et al. · archived
26. Stop or Go? Let me Know! ↗ · 2021 · Mirnig, Alexander G. et al. · indexed
27. Coordinating Internal and External HMIs for Cooperative Driver-Pedestrian SituationResolution ↗ · 2026 · Amann, Markus et al. · indexed
28. Pedestrian-AV interactions at unmarked midblock: Effects of eHMI onset timing and vehicle kinematics ↗ · 2026 · Gao, Ya et al. · indexed
29. Express What I Think: The Impact of External Human-Machine Interfaces on the Performance of Lane Change Maneuvers · 2025 · Li, Ruolan et al. · archived
30. Color and Animation Preferences for a Light Band eHMI in Interactions Between Automated Vehicles and Pedestrians · 2020 · Dey, Debargha et al. · archived
31. Slideo: Bicycle-to-Vehicle Communication to Intuitively Share Intention to Turn with Automated Vehicles · 2024 · Verstegen, Jochem et al. · archived
32. Ensuring Cooperative Driving Automation (CDA) and Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs) Safety Through Infrastructure · 2022 · Weaver, Starla et al. · archived
33. Augmented reality for supporting the interaction between pedestrians and automated vehicles: an experimental outdoor study · 2024 · Aleva, Thomas K. et al. · archived
34. Effects of Exterior Lighting System of Parked Vehicles on the Behaviors of Cyclists ↗ · 2021 · Yang, Bo et al. · indexed
35. Designing for Projection-based Communication between Autonomous Vehicles and Pedestrians · 2019 · Nguyen, Trung Thanh et al. · archived
36. Pedestrians’ Crossing Decisions While Interacting with Automated Vehicles – Insights from a Longitudinal Study · 2022 · Joisten, Philip et al. · archived
37. Human Factors Guidance for Intelligent Transportation Systems at the Highway-Rail Intersection · 2006 · Jenness, James W. et al. · archived
38. External Human–Machine Interfaces of Autonomous Vehicles: Insights from Observations on the Behavior of Game Players Driving Conventional Cars in Mixed Traffic ↗ · 2024 · Lim, Dokshin et al. · indexed
39. Quantitative study of vehicle-pedestrian interactions: Towards pedestrian-adapted lighting communication functions for autonomous vehicles · 2021 · Zang, Guoqin et al. · archived
40. Investigating User Requirements for Communication Between Automated Vehicles and Vulnerable Road Users ↗ · 2019 · Locken, Andreas et al. · indexed
41. I See Your Gesture: A VR-Based Study of Bidirectional Communication between Pedestrians and Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2021 · Epke, Michael R. et al. · indexed
42. Augmented reality interfaces for pedestrian-vehicle interactions: An online study ↗ · 2023 · Tabone, Wilbert et al. · indexed
43. Vehicle Automation–Other Road User Communication and Coordination: Theory and Mechanisms · 2020 · Domeyer, Joshua E. et al. · archived
44. Interpersonal communication and issues for autonomous vehicles. · 2017 · Stanciu, Sergiu C. et al. · archived
45. Investigating the Effects of Pedestrian-to-Vehicle Human–Machine Interface Design Using Driving Simulator Experiment ↗ · 2022 · Abdel-Aty, Mohamed et al. · indexed
46. Pedestrian and Passenger Interaction with Autonomous Vehicles: Field Study in a Crosswalk Scenario · 2024 · Izquierdo, Rubén et al. · archived
47. Pedestrian Notification Methods in Autonomous Vehicles for Multi-Class Mobility-on-Demand Service ↗ · 2016 · Florentine, Evelyn et al. · indexed
48. How Can Autonomous Vehicles Convey Emotions to Pedestrians? A Review of Emotionally Expressive Non-Humanoid Robots · 2021 · Wang, Yiyuan et al. · archived
49. Communication Strategies for Effective Interaction With Pedestrians and Automated Service Vehicles in Japanese Parking Areas ↗ · 2023 · Lee, Jieun et al. · indexed
50. Fast Lane - Exploring Human Behavior - Volume 18 · 2023 · NHTSA · archived
51. Do cyclists need HMIs in future automated traffic? An interview study ↗ · 2021 · Berge, Siri Hegna et al. · indexed
52. Summary Report on Request for Information (RFI): Enhancing the Safety of Vulnerable Road Users at Intersections · 2023 · Townsend, Haley et al. · archived
53. Multiple Sources of Safety Information from V2V and V2I: Redundancy, Decision Making, and Trust—Safety Message Design Report · 2015 · Richard, Christian M. et al. · archived
54. Evaluating Countermeasures to Improve Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety · 2018 · Noyce, David A. et al. · archived
55. Augmented Reality for Safer Pedestrian-Vehicle Interactions · 2018 · Noyce, David A. et al. · archived
56. Improving Safety of Vulnerable Road Users: Effectiveness of Environment and In-Vehicle Warning Systems at Intermodal Interchanges · 2014 · Carruth, Daniel et al. · archived
57. Interaction of automated driving systems with pedestrians: challenges, current solutions, and recommendations for eHMIs ↗ · 2021 · Ezzati Amini, Roja et al. · indexed
58. Design, Implementation and Experimental Investigation of a Pedestrian Street Crossing Assistance System Based on Visible Light Communications ↗ · 2022 · Căilean, Alin-Mihai et al. · indexed
59. Formalizing Human Machine Communication in the Context of Autonomous Vehicles · 2020 · Gopalswamy, Swaminathan et al. · archived
60. Proxemics and Kinesics in Automated Vehicle-Pedestrian Communication: Representing Ethnographic Observations ↗ · 2019 · Domeyer, Joshua et al. · indexed
61. Bystander Interactions With Failing Vehicle Autonomy · 2018 · Steinfeld, Aaron et al. · archived
62. Assessment of Pedestrian Safety and Driver Behavior Near an Automated Vehicle · 2024 · Morris, Nichole L. et al. · archived
63. The flashing right turn signal with pedestrian indication : human factors studies to understand the potential of a new signal to increase awareness of and attention to crossing pedestrians. · 2015 · Boot, Walter et al. · archived
64. Using connected vehicle technology to deliver timely warnings to pedestrians. · 2016 · Kearney, Joseph K. et al. · archived
65. Neuroergonomic evaluation of risk-warning eHMI penetration rates in vehicle platoons: effects on pedestrians' mental workload, situation awareness, and gap acceptance. · 2026 · Yang, F et al. · archived
66. Overtrust in External Cues of Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2019 · Holländer, Kai et al. · indexed
67. Response of Vulnerable Road Users to Visual Information from Autonomous Vehicles in Shared Spaces · 2019 · Alvarez, Walter Morales et al. · archived
68. Evaluation of the effects of in-vehicle traffic lights on driving performances for unsignalised intersections · 2017 · Yang, Bo et al. · archived
69. Fast Lane - Exploring Human Behavior - Volume 21 · 2025 · NHTSA · archived
70. Fast Lane - Exploring Human Behavior - Volume 16 · 2022 · NHTSA · archived
71. Human Factors Literature Reviews on Intersections, Speed Management, Pedestrians and Bicyclists, and Visibility · 2006 · Kludt, K. et al. · archived
72. Understanding and Using New Pedestrian and Bicycle Facilities · 2022 · Jackson, Steve et al. · archived
73. Enhancing Vulnerable Road User Safety at Signalized Intersections Through Cooperative Perception and Driving Automation: Final Report · 2024 · Bayartsengel, Misheel et al. · archived
74. Human-Vehicle Interfaces: The Power of Vehicle Movement Gestures in Human Road User Coordination ↗ · 2017 · Risto, Malte et al. · indexed
75. Human-Machine Interfaces and Vehicle Automation: A Review of the Literature and Recommendations for System Design, Feedback, and Alerts · 2022 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
76. Investigating HMIs to Foster Communications between Conventional Vehicles and Autonomous Vehicles in Intersections ↗ · 2023 · Avetisyan, Lilit et al. · indexed
77. Smartphone-Based Mid-Block Pedestrian Crossing In-Vehicle Warning - Phase 2: Final Project Report · 2020 · Roldan, Stephanie M. et al. · archived
78. An eHMI Presenting Request-to-Intervene and Takeover Status of Level 3 Automated Vehicles to Support Surrounding Traffic Safety · 2026 · Liu, Hailong et al. · archived
79. Unsettled Issues Regarding Visual Communication Between Automated Vehicles and Other Road Users ↗ · 2021 · Beiker, Sven · indexed
80. Fast Lane - Exploring Human Behavior - Volume 19 · 2024 · NHTSA · archived
81. Virtual Reality Study on Pedestrians’ Perceived Trust in Interactions with Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2024 · Ilic, Mario et al. · indexed
82. External communication of automated shuttles: Results, experiences, and lessons learned from three European long-term research projects · 2022 · Mirnig, Alexander G. et al. · archived
83. Promoting trust in HAVs of following manual drivers through implicit and explicit communication during minimal risk maneuvers · 2023 · Hub, Fabian et al. · archived
84. The Impact of Vehicle Automation on the Safety of Vulnerable Road Users (Pedestrians and Bicyclists) · 2018 · Samuel, Siby et al. · archived
85. Enhancing AV Traffic Safety through Pedestrian Detection, Classification and Communication · 2022 · Chase, R. Thomas et al. · archived
86. Visually Impaired Pedestrian Safety at Roundabout Crossings · 2017 · Christofa, Eleni et al. · archived
87. Stopping by looking: A driver-pedestrian interaction study in a coupled simulator using head-mounted displays with eye-tracking ↗ · 2022 · Mok, Chun Sang et al. · indexed
88. Evaluation of Pedestrian and Bicycle Engineering Countermeasures: Rectangular Rapid-Flashing Beacons, HAWKs, Sharrows, Crosswalk Markings, and the Development of an Evaluation Methods Report · 2011 · Fitzpatrick, Kay et al. · archived
89. Developing and testing a LED system to improve pedestrian safety in Nevada · 2018 · Teng, Hualiang (Harry) et al. · archived
90. Connected Motorcycle Crash Warning Interfaces · 2016 · Song, Miao et al. · archived
91. 2018 Forum on the Impact of Vehicle Technologies and Automation on Vulnerable Road Users and Driver Behavior and Performance: A Summary Report · 2019 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
92. Coupling intention and actions of vehicle-pedestrian interaction: A virtual reality experiment study · 2024 · Dang, Meiting et al. · archived
93. pedestrians? · 2017 · Kearney, Joseph K. et al. · archived
94. Connected Vehicle Pilot Deployment Program Phase 3, Mobile Accessible Pedestrian Signal System (PED-SIG) – New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT) · 2021 · Ozbay, Kaan et al. · archived
95. Investigation of Key Automated Vehicle Human Factors Safety Issues Related to Infrastructure: Comparing Intersection Crossing Behaviors of Human Drivers and Automated Vehicles · 2025 · Calvo, Jose et al. · archived
96. How do vulnerable road users evaluate automated vehicles in urban traffic? A focus group study with pedestrians and cyclists ↗ · 2024 · Harkin, Kevin A. et al. · indexed
97. Benefits of Redundant Visual In-Vehicle Information in Pedestrian–Vehicle Conflict Scenarios ↗ · 2019 · Hoekstra-Atwood, Liberty et al. · indexed
98. Intersection Conflict Warning System Human Factors: Final Report · 2016 · Inman, Vaughan W. et al. · archived
99. Evaluation of Pedestrian Hybrid Beacons and Rapid Flashing Beacons · 2016 · Fitzpatrick, Kay et al. · archived
100. New Approach to Intelligent Pedestrian Detection and Signaling on Crosswalks · 2024 · Sanguino, Tomás de J. Mateo et al. · archived
101. Evaluation of Ambient Light Displays for Requests to Intervene and Minimal Risk Maneuvers in Highly Automated Urban Driving ↗ · 2020 · Feierle, Alexander et al. · indexed
102. User-centered Smart Traffic Sign Development Study · 2023 · Morris, Nichole L. et al. · archived
103. Safely and Effectively Communicating Non-Connected Vehicle Information to Connected Vehicles through Field- and Driving-Simulator-Based Research · 2019 · Noyce, David A. et al. · archived
104. Assessing the Impact of Pedestrian-Activated Crossing Systems · 2020 · Hourdos, John et al. · archived
105. Pedestrian Safety and Mobility Aids for Crossings at Bus Stops · 2003 · Jeng, One-Jang et al. · archived
106. Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance System – Stop Sign Assist : experiments to validate use of an in-vehicle interface design. · 2012 · Becic, Ensar et al. · archived
107. Pedestrian road-crossing willingness as a function of vehicle automation, external appearance, and driving behaviour · 2019 · Dey, Debargha et al. · archived
108. Human Machine Interface for Connected Vehicle: Requirements, Development and Assessment · 2021 · Ahmed, Mohamed et al. · archived
109. Potential safety effects of a frontal brake light for motor vehicles ↗ · 2018 · Petzoldt, Tibor et al. · indexed
110. Smarter Intersections Pilot Project Implementation Report · 2025 · Turnbull, Katie · archived
111. Investigating Improvements to Pedestrian Crossings with an Emphasis on the Rectangular Rapid-Flashing Beacon · 2015 · Fitzpatrick, Kay et al. · archived
112. Negotiation and Decision-Making for a Pedestrian Roadway Crossing: A Literature Review · 2019 · Amini, Roja Ezzati et al. · archived
113. Safety, Operational, and Energy Impacts of In-Vehicle Adaptive Stop Displays Using Connected Vehicle Technology · 2015 · NHTSA · archived
114. Pedestrian Trust in Automated Vehicles: Role of Traffic Signal and AV Driving Behavior · 2019 · Jayaraman, Suresh Kumaar et al. · archived
115. Comparative Study of Countdown Pedestrian Signal Displays in the District of Columbia · 2010 · Noel, Errol C. et al. · archived
116. Safety and Environmental Design Consideration in the Use of Commercial Electronic Variable-Message Signage · 1980 · Wachtel, Jerry et al. · archived
117. Safety of vulnerable road users · 1998 · NHTSA · archived
118. Evaluation of Transit Bus Turn Warning Systems for Pedestrians and Cyclists · 2015 · Pecheux, Kelley et al. · archived
119. Pedestrian Safety Strategic Plan: Recommendations for Research and Product Development · 2010 · Zegeer, Charles V. et al. · archived
120. REDUCING CONFLICTS BETWEEN MOTOR VEHICLES AND PEDESTRIANS: THE SEPARATE AND COMBINED EFFECTS OF PAVEMENT MARKINGS AND A SIGN PROMPT · 2004 · Huybers, Sherry et al. · archived
121. Transit Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) assessment study. · 2015 · Jacobi, Amy et al. · archived
122. Research and Design Considerations for Presentation of Non-Safety Related Information via In-Vehicle Displays during Automated Driving ↗ · 2022 · Cauffman, Stephen J. et al. · indexed
123. Pedestrian Behavior and Interaction With Autonomous Vehicles · 2022 · Lownes, Nicholas et al. · archived
124. Using Connected Intelligent Transportation To Enhance Vulnerable Road User Safety · 2025 · Huang, Zilin et al. · archived
125. Flashing yellow arrows for right turn applications: A driving simulator study and static evaluation analysis ↗ · 2019 · Ryan, Alyssa et al. · indexed
126. Application of in-vehicle traffic lights for improvement of driving safety at unsignalized intersections ↗ · 2015 · Yang, Bo et al. · indexed
127. Preliminary Human Factors Review for the Intelligent Vehicle Initiative (Ivi) Program: Identification of Human Factors Research Needs · 1998 · Campbell, John L. et al. · archived
128. In-Vehicle Display Icons and Other Information Elements Volume I: Guidelines · 2004 · Campbell, J. L. et al. · archived
129. Improved Pedestrian Safety at Signalized Intersections Operating the Flashing Yellow Arrow · 2013 · Hurwitz, David S. et al. · archived
130. Deceleration parameters as implicit communication signals for pedestrians’ crossing decisions and estimations of automated vehicle behaviour · 2023 · Tian, Kai et al. · archived
131. In-Vehicle Decision Support to Reduce Crashes at Rural Thru-Stop Intersections · 2011 · Hayes, Caroline et al. · archived
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134. Understanding Interactions between Drivers and Pedestrian Features at Signalized Intersections – Phase 3 · 2019 · Lin, Pei-Sung et al. · archived
135. Advancing Pedestrian and Bicyclist Safety: A Primer for Highway Safety Professionals · 2016 · Brookshire, Kristen et al. · archived
136. Assessing the Perceived Safety of Cyclists with Virtual Reality · 2025 · Balali, Vahid · archived
137. The effect of communicational signals on drivers' subjective appraisal and visual attention during interactive driving scenarios ↗ · 2015 · Ba, Yutao et al. · indexed
138. In-Vehicle Display Icons and Other Information Elements: Literature Review · 1998 · Carney, Cher et al. · archived
139. Smart, Green, Equitable, Safe, Complete Streets for All - Phase I: Development of a CAV Testbed-enhanced Smart Campus at Morgan State University · 2024 · Jeihani, Mansoureh et al. · archived
140. Human Factors Guidelines for Intelligent Transportation Systems at the Highway-Rail Intersection: Technical Report · 2007 · Lerner, Neil D. et al. · archived
141. Validations of Integrated Driver Vehicle Interface (DVI) Configurations ↗ · 2017 · Brown, James et al. · indexed
142. Countdown Pedestrian Signals (CPS) Legibility and Comprehension without Flashing Hand: Phase I and Phase II Final Report · 2022 · Van Houten, Ron et al. · archived
143. Vehicle-Based Countermeasures for Signal and Stop Sign Violations: Task 1. Intersection Control Violation Crash Analyses: Task 2. Top-Level System and Human Factors Requirements · 2004 · Lee, S. E. et al. · archived
144. Development of Mobile Accessible Pedestrian Signals (MAPS) for Blind Pedestrians at Signalized Intersections · 2011 · Liao, Chen-Fu et al. · archived
145. Enhancing Driver Awareness of Vulnerable Road Users through In-Vehicle Auditory Signals ↗ · 2024 · Takii, Kyoko et al. · indexed
146. Exploring the Effects of Meaningful Tactile Display on Perception and Preference in Automated Vehicles · 2022 · Martinez, Kimberly D et al. · archived
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148. Understanding the interaction between cyclists and motorized vehicles at unsignalized intersections: Results from a naturalistic cycling study · 2024 · Mohammadi, Ali et al. · archived
149. Interdependence in Vehicle-Pedestrian Encounters and its Implications for Vehicle Automation · 2022 · Domeyer, Joshua E. et al. · archived
150. Signal Awareness Applications · 2022 · Mollenhauer, Mike et al. · archived
151. Augmented Information in the Driving Environment: Increasing Pedestrian Safety with Augmented Reality Indicators for Older Adult Drivers in Maine · 2025 · Brown, Justin R. et al. · archived
152. HMI Design for Chain-Braking Event Based on V2V Communication · 2023 · Yan, Song et al. · archived
153. Analysis of Driver and Pedestrian Comprehension of Requirements for Permissive Left-Turn Applications ↗ · 2006 · Knodler, Michael A. et al. · indexed
154. Evaluation of Driver Comprehension and Visual Attention of the Flashing Yellow Arrow Display for Permissive Right Turns · 2019 · Jashami, Hisham et al. · archived
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156. Pedestrian Interaction with Vehicles ↗ · 2017 · Dey, Debargha et al. · indexed
157. Understanding and Using New Pedestrian and Bicycle Facilities [Traffic Tech] · 2022 · NHTSA · archived
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162. Motorist Yielding to Pedestrians at Unsignalized Intersections: Findings from a National Study on Improving Pedestrian Safety ↗ · 2006 · Turner, Shawn et al. · indexed
163. Multi-City Study of an Engineering and Outreach Program to Increase Driver Yielding at Signalized and Unsignalized Crosswalks · 2023 · Morris, N L et al. · archived
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166. Summarizing vehicle driving decision-making methods on vulnerable road user collision avoidance · 2023 · Yuan, Quan et al. · archived
167. Cross or Nah? LLMs Get in the Mindset of a Pedestrian in front of Automated Car with an eHMI · 2025 · Alam, Md Shadab et al. · archived
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169. Unsettled Issues Regarding Communication of Automated Vehicles with Other Road Users ↗ · 2020 · Beiker, Sven · indexed
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175. EXAMINING DRIVER PREFERENCES FOR INTELLIGENT AUDIOVISUAL WARNINGS AT HIGHWAY-RAIL GRADE CROSSINGS ↗ · 2024 · Walker, Samantha · indexed
176. Rightward attentional bias in windshield displays: Implication towards external human machine interfaces for self-driving cars ↗ · 2017 · Liu, Qiang et al. · indexed
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201. Drivers’ Risk and Emotional Intelligence in Safe Interactions with Vulnerable Road Users: Toward Sustainable Mobility ↗ · 2025 · Pourfalatoun, Shiva et al. · indexed
202. Guidelines for Implementation of Right Turn Flashing Yellow Arrows and Leading Pedestrian Intervals · 2020 · Cunningham, Chris et al. · archived
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