signaling behavior

Use of the turn signal and other intent-communication to other road users: indicator activation, signaling rate and timing before maneuvers, and failure to signal. This is the communicative signaling act, distinct from the lateral maneuver it announces (lane_changing) and from the steering inputs that perform the maneuver (steering_pattern).

232 paper(s) · ranked by relevance to this topic

1. Interpersonal communication and issues for autonomous vehicles. · 2017 · Stanciu, Sergiu C. et al. · archived
2. Exploring turn signal usage patterns in lane changes: A Bayesian hierarchical modelling analysis of realistic driving data ↗ · 2023 · Jokhio, Sarang et al. · indexed
3. Automated Driving Systems’ Communication of Intent with Shared Road Users · 2021 · Jenness, James et al. · archived
4. The Effect of Turn Signal Onset on Lateral Performance Measures When Overtaking a Lead Vehicle - Using Naturalistic Driving Environment ↗ · 2019 · Lin, Brian T W et al. · indexed
5. Attaining 100% Turn Signal Usage Using Low Cost Automated Driver-in-the-Loop System ↗ · 2009 · Ponziani, Richard L. · indexed
6. Communication between drivers in a road bottleneck scenario ↗ · 2022 · Schuler, Katharina et al. · indexed
7. The effect of motion and signalling on drivers’ ability to predict intentions of other road users · 2016 · Lee, Yee Mun et al. · archived
8. Analysis of Time-to-Lane-Change-Initiation Using Realistic Driving Data ↗ · 2023 · Jokhio, Sarang et al. · indexed
9. The Quality of Behavioral and Environmental Indicators Used to Infer the Intention to Change Lanes ↗ · 2007 · Henning, Matthias J et al. · indexed
10. Cross-cultural effects on drivers’ use of explicit and implicit communicative cues to predict intentions of other road users ↗ · 2023 · Sheppard, Elizabeth et al. · indexed
11. Road users rarely use explicit communication when interacting in today’s traffic: implications for automated vehicles ↗ · 2020 · Lee, Yee Mun et al. · indexed
12. A Pilot Investigation of the Impact of Cognitive Demand on Turn Signal Use during Lane Changes in Actual Highway Conditions across Multiple Age Groups ↗ · 2011 · Donmez, Birsen et al. · indexed
13. Do Drivers Understand Cyclists’ Communication Cues? ↗ · 2023 · Petersen, Christine M. et al. · indexed
14. Communication and Communication Problems Between Autonomous Vehicles and Human Drivers · 2016 · Färber, Berthold · archived
15. Do drivers understand cyclists’ communication cues? ↗ · 2026 · Petersen, Christine M. et al. · indexed
16. Analysis of Time-to-Lane-Change-Initiation Using Realistic Driving Data ↗ · 2024 · Jokhio, Sarang et al. · indexed
17. Comparison of External Human–Machine Interfaces for Presenting the Intention to Yield from an Automated Vehicle to a Driver ↗ · 2025 · Saeki, Hidehiro et al. · indexed
18. The effect of communicational signals on drivers' subjective appraisal and visual attention during interactive driving scenarios ↗ · 2015 · Ba, Yutao et al. · indexed
19. Modeling Slow Lead Vehicle Lane Changing ↗ · 2003 · Olsen, Erik C. B. et al. · indexed
20. Effects of Non-Verbal Communication Cues on Decisions and Confidence of Drivers at an Uncontrolled Intersection ↗ · 2015 · Kitazaki, Satoshi et al. · indexed
21. Vehicle Automation–Other Road User Communication and Coordination: Theory and Mechanisms · 2020 · Domeyer, Joshua E. et al. · archived
22. Improving clarity, cooperation and driver experience in lane change manoeuvres ↗ · 2022 · Haar, A. et al. · indexed
23. Implicit intention communication as a design opportunity for automated vehicles: Understanding drivers’ interpretation of vehicle trajectory at narrow passages ↗ · 2022 · Miller, Linda et al. · indexed
24. Human-Vehicle Interfaces: The Power of Vehicle Movement Gestures in Human Road User Coordination ↗ · 2017 · Risto, Malte et al. · indexed
25. Exploring the Informal Communication of Driver-to-Driver on Roads: A Case Study of Durban City, South Africa. ↗ · 2021 · Adedayo Adedeji, Jacob et al. · indexed
26. Integration of a Manoeuvring Negotiations Module in Driving Support Systems: A Simulator Study ↗ · 2018 · Dimitris Nathanael et al. · indexed
27. Communicating intent on the road through human-inspired control schemes · 2016 · Driggs-Campbell, Katherine et al. · archived
28. Communication Strategies for Automated Merging in Dense Traffic ↗ · 2019 · Potzy, Johannes et al. · indexed
29. Automated vehicles that communicate implicitly: examining the use of lateral position within the lane ↗ · 2021 · Sripada, Anirudh et al. · indexed
30. Improved Safety and Efficiency of Protected/Permitted Right-Turns in Oregon · 2018 · Hurwitz, David et al. · archived
31. Proxemics and Kinesics in Automated Vehicle-Pedestrian Communication: Representing Ethnographic Observations ↗ · 2019 · Domeyer, Joshua et al. · indexed
32. Understanding the Messages Conveyed by Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2019 · Lee, Yee Mun et al. · indexed
33. Understanding Interactions between Drivers and Pedestrian Features at Signalized Intersections – Phase 3 · 2019 · Lin, Pei-Sung et al. · archived
34. Reading cyclist intentions: Can a lead cyclist’s behaviour be predicted? ↗ · 2017 · Westerhuis, Frank et al. · indexed
35. Gestaltungsdimensionen der Kommunikation von automatisierten Fahrzeugen und anderen Verkehrsteilnehmenden Design dimensions of the communication between automated vehicles and other road users · 2020 · Joisten, Philip et al. · archived
36. The flashing right turn signal with pedestrian indication : human factors studies to understand the potential of a new signal to increase awareness of and attention to crossing pedestrians. · 2015 · Boot, Walter et al. · archived
37. Perception of Intention in Traffic Environments: A Systematic Review ↗ · 2022 · Petersen, Christine M. et al. · indexed
38. Driving Maneuver Prediction Based on Driver Behavior Observation ↗ · 2021 · Diederichsa, Frederik et al. · indexed
39. Validation study - on-road evaluation of the Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance System - Stop Sign Assist sign : (CICAS-SSA Report #5). · 2009 · Rakauskas, Michael et al. · archived
40. Communicating Intent of Automated Vehicles to Pedestrians · 2018 · Habibovic, Azra et al. · archived
41. Investigating lane change behaviors and difficulties for senior drivers using naturalistic driving data ↗ · 2020 · Antin, Jonathan F. et al. · indexed
42. Bio-inspired intent communication for automated vehicles ↗ · 2021 · Oudshoorn, Max et al. · indexed
43. Pedestrian Interaction with Vehicles ↗ · 2017 · Dey, Debargha et al. · indexed
44. Express What I Think: The Impact of External Human-Machine Interfaces on the Performance of Lane Change Maneuvers · 2025 · Li, Ruolan et al. · archived
45. Evaluation of Driver Comprehension and Visual Attention of the Flashing Yellow Arrow Display for Permissive Right Turns · 2019 · Jashami, Hisham et al. · archived
46. Using the Driving Behavior of an Automated Vehicle to Communicate Intentions - A Wizard of Oz Study ↗ · 2018 · Fuest, Tanja et al. · indexed
47. Driver's turning intent recognition model based on brain activation and contextual information · 2022 · Trende, Alexander et al. · archived
48. The Effect of Communicational Signals on Drivers’ Emotion States · 2021 · Ba, Yutao et al. · archived
49. Lessons learned from pedestrian-driver communication and yielding patterns · 2021 · Das, Subasish · archived
50. What Makes an Automated Vehicle a Good Driver? ↗ · 2018 · Kauffmann, Nina et al. · indexed
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52. A Lane Change Assistance System Based on Prediction of Driver Intention · 2024 · Tanshi, Foghor et al. · archived
53. Baseline Analysis of Driver Performance at Intersections for the Left-Turn Assist and Intersection Movement Assist Applications · 2020 · Stevens, Scott et al. · archived
54. Negotiation and Decision-Making for a Pedestrian Roadway Crossing: A Literature Review · 2019 · Amini, Roja Ezzati et al. · archived
55. Driver Behavior at Malfunctioning Crossing and Emergency Notification System Sign Awareness · 2021 · Young, Jared et al. · archived
56. A Pilot Study on Interactions between Drivers and Pedestrian Features at Signalized Intersections—Using the SHRP2 Naturalistic Driving Study Data ↗ · 2016 · Lin, Pei-Sung et al. · indexed
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58. Implicit communication in cyclist-vehicle interaction: Examining the influence of driving dynamics in interactions with turning (automated) vehicles on cyclists' perceived safety, behavioral intention, and risk anticipation ↗ · 2024 · Harkin, A. Marie et al. · indexed
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60. A Driving Simulator Evaluation of Red Arrows and Flashing Yellow Arrows in Right-Turn Applications : Establishing the Foundation for Future Research · 2017 · Knodler, Michael A. et al. · archived
61. Driver Response in Active Advanced Warning Signs at High-Speed Signalized Intersections · 1985 · Sabra, Ziad A. · archived
62. Driver-to-Driver Communication Skills: Contributing Factors to Traffic Accidents on South African Roads? ↗ · 2024 · Adedeji, Jacob Adedayo et al. · indexed
63. Communicating Awareness and Intent in Autonomous Vehicle-Pedestrian Interaction ↗ · 2018 · Mahadevan, Karthik et al. · indexed
64. Implicit Driving Cues for Coordinating Actions When Sharing Spaces ↗ · 2026 · Hensch, Ann-Christin et al. · indexed
65. The Matter of How and When: Comparing Explicit and Implicit Communication Strategies of Automated Vehicles in Bottleneck Scenarios ↗ · 2021 · Rettenmaier, Michael et al. · indexed
66. Effect of driving experience on drivers' decoding process of roadway interpersonal communication ↗ · 2000 · Renge, Kazumi · indexed
67. Driving Simulators for Evaluation of Novel Traffic-Control Devices: Protected–Permissive Left-Turn Signal Display Analysis ↗ · 2003 · Noyce, David A. et al. · indexed
68. Investigating Improper Lane Changes: Driver Performance Contributing to Lane Change Near-Crashes ↗ · 2012 · Fitch, Gregory M. et al. · indexed
69. Vehicle-Based Countermeasures for Signal and Stop Sign Violations: Task 1. Intersection Control Violation Crash Analyses: Task 2. Top-Level System and Human Factors Requirements · 2004 · Lee, S. E. et al. · archived
70. Understanding interactions between drivers and pedestrian features at signalized intersections. · 2015 · Lin, Pei-Sung et al. · archived
71. A comprehensive examination of naturalistic lane-changes · 2004 · Lee, Suzanne E. et al. · archived
72. Ghost on the Windshield: Employing a Virtual Human Character to Communicate Pedestrian Acknowledgement and Vehicle Intention · 2022 · Rouchitsas, Alexandros et al. · archived
73. Eye Movement-Based Inference of Truck Driver's Intent of Changing Lanes ↗ · 2009 · Zhou, Huiping et al. · indexed
74. Analysis of Driver and Pedestrian Gesture Use in the Boston Area. Automated Vehicles May Need More Than Kinematics in Ambiguous Situations ↗ · 2025 · Şahin İppoliti, Hatice et al. · indexed
75. Slideo: Bicycle-to-Vehicle Communication to Intuitively Share Intention to Turn with Automated Vehicles · 2024 · Verstegen, Jochem et al. · archived
76. Traffic Operations Control For Older Drivers And Pedestrians: Summary Report · 1996 · NHTSA · archived
77. Communicating the intention of an automated vehicle to pedestrians: The contributions of eHMI and vehicle behavior ↗ · 2020 · Dey, Debargha et al. · indexed
78. Towards real-time recognition of driver intentions ↗ · 2002 · Liu, A. et al. · indexed
79. The Dynamic Signalization of Calamity Routes – A Driving Simulator Study · 2015 · Cornu, Joris et al. · archived
80. Study on driver-intent estimation at yellow traffic signal by using driving simulator ↗ · 2011 · Mabuchi, Ryuki et al. · indexed
81. Signing, in Combination with Lane Markings, in Advance of Lane-Reduction Transitions · 2022 · Marchese, Matthew et al. · archived
82. A Driver-to-Driver Communication Device to Improve Drivers' Interaction ↗ · 2014 · Lamas, Raphael et al. · indexed
83. Promoting trust in HAVs of following manual drivers through implicit and explicit communication during minimal risk maneuvers · 2023 · Hub, Fabian et al. · archived
84. Smiles and Angry Faces vs. Nods and Head Shakes: Facial Expressions at the Service of Autonomous Vehicles · 2023 · Rouchitsas, Alexandros et al. · archived
85. User-centered Smart Traffic Sign Development Study · 2023 · Morris, Nichole L. et al. · archived
86. Allusion 2: External Communication for SAE L4 Vehicles · 2023 · Rossi-Alvarez, Alexandria I et al. · archived
87. Communication via motion – Suitability of automated vehicle movements to negotiate the right of way in road bottleneck scenarios ↗ · 2021 · Rettenmaier, Michael et al. · indexed
88. Three- or Four-Section Displays for Permissive Left Turns? · 2014 · Hurwitz, David S. et al. · archived
89. Driver behavior analysis for right-turn drivers at signalized intersections using SHRP 2 naturalistic driving study data ↗ · 2017 · Wu, Jianqing et al. · indexed
90. Should automated vehicles communicate their state or intent? Effects of eHMI activations and non-activations on pedestrians’ trust formation and crossing behavior ↗ · 2024 · Eisele, Daniel et al. · indexed
91. Social interactions in traffic: The effect of external factors ↗ · 2018 · Stoll, Tanja et al. · indexed
92. A Survey: Why and How Automated Vehicles Should Communicate to Other Road-Users ↗ · 2018 · Onishi, Hirofumi · indexed
93. Assessing the Influence of Various No-Right-Turn-on-Red Signs: A Driving Simulator Study ↗ · 2024 · Masoumi, Parisa et al. · indexed
94. Lane Change Behavior at Weaving Section of Signalized Intersection Upstream ↗ · 2013 · Yun, Meiping et al. · indexed
95. Smart Turn Signal Technology - Advancing Crash Prevention and Combating Distracted Driving with Control Algorithm Enhancements ↗ · 2010 · Ponziani, Richard · indexed
96. A Field and Simulator Evaluation of All-Red Clearance Intervals for Use in Left-Turn Applications · 2018 · Knodler, Michael A. et al. · archived
97. Exploration of Factors Impacting the Successful Adoption of External Vehicle Interfaces · 2019 · Reimer, Bryan · archived
98. Exploring the Influence of Signal Countdown Timers on Driver Behavior: An Analysis of Pedestrian–Vehicle Conflicts at Signalized Intersections · 2023 · Das, Subasish · archived
99. Understanding the Headless Rider: Display-Based Awareness and Intent-Communication in Automated Vehicle-Pedestrian Interaction in Mixed Traffic ↗ · 2021 · Forke, Julia et al. · indexed
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101. Effects of a light-based communication approach as an external HMI for Automated Vehicles - a Wizard-of-Oz Study ↗ · 2020 · Hensch, Ann-Christin et al. · indexed
102. Keep it Real: Investigating Driver-Cyclist Interaction in Real-World Traffic ↗ · 2023 · Al-Taie, Ammar et al. · indexed
103. A mathematical model for predicting lane changes using the steering wheel angle ↗ · 2014 · Schmidt, Kim et al. · indexed
104. Driver Link-up ↗ · 2014 · Lamas, Raphael et al. · indexed
105. Principles for External Human–Machine Interfaces · 2023 · Wilbrink, Marc et al. · archived
106. Active Traffic Management: Comprehension, Legibility, Distance, and Motorist Behavior In Response to Selected Variable Speed Limit and Lane Control Signing · 2016 · Perez, William A. et al. · archived
107. Interface Concepts for Intent Communication from Autonomous Vehicles to Vulnerable Road Users ↗ · 2018 · Dey, Debargha et al. · indexed
108. Driver Responses to Incongruent V2V and V2I Safety Critical Information in Left-Turn Across Path Scenarios ↗ · 2017 · Richard, Christian et al. · indexed
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110. Exploring the Effects of Vehicle Automation and Cooperative Messaging on Mixed Fleet Eco-Drive Interactions · 2024 · Sanchez, Robert et al. · archived
111. Priority rule signalization under two visibility conditions: Driving simulator study on speed and lateral position · 2018 · Mollu, Kristof et al. · archived
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113. Interpreting pedestrians' head movements when encountering automated vehicles at a virtual crossroad ↗ · 2023 · Yang, Yue et al. · indexed
114. I See Your Gesture: A VR-Based Study of Bidirectional Communication between Pedestrians and Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2021 · Epke, Michael R. et al. · indexed
115. Analysis of cut-in behavior based on naturalistic driving data ↗ · 2019 · Wang, Xuesong et al. · indexed
116. Investigation of Key Automated Vehicle Human Factors Safety Issues Related to Infrastructure: Comparing Intersection Crossing Behaviors of Human Drivers and Automated Vehicles · 2025 · Calvo, Jose et al. · archived
117. Formalizing Human Machine Communication in the Context of Autonomous Vehicles · 2020 · Gopalswamy, Swaminathan et al. · archived
118. Ergonomics Intervention in Automobile Driver Communication in a Developing Country ↗ · 2014 · Pillai, Sajan S. et al. · indexed
119. Assessment and Improvement of Motorist Understanding of Traffic Control Devices · 1991 · Mounce, John M. et al. · archived
120. Driver Lane-Changing Intention Recognition Based on Stacking Ensemble Learning in the Connected Environment: A Driving Simulator Study ↗ · 2024 · Zhang, Hongjia et al. · indexed
121. Modeling driver information transmission during turning at unsignalized intersections: a driving simulator study ↗ · 2026 · Ni, Dingan et al. · indexed
122. Interpreting pedestrians' head movements when encountering automated vehicles at a virtual crossroad ↗ · 2024 · Yang, Yue et al. · indexed
123. Kinematic cues in driver-pedestrian communication to support safe road crossing ↗ · 2023 · Zach Noonan, T. et al. · indexed
124. Proactive Evaluation of Traffic Signs Using a Traffic Sign Simulator · 2015 · De Ceunynck, Tim et al. · archived
125. Effectiveness of Experimental Left-Turn Sign Usage in Terms of Crashes and Analyzing Severity of Left Turn Crashes in Alaska · 2018 · Abaza, Osama A. et al. · archived
126. Driver attitudes and behaviors at intersections and potential effectiveness of engineering countermeasures · 2005 · Richard, Christian M. et al. · archived
127. Intersection Conflict Warning System Human Factors: Final Report · 2016 · Inman, Vaughan W. et al. · archived
128. Inference of large truck driver's intent to change lanes to pass a lead vehicle via analyses of driver's eye glance behavior in the real world ↗ · 2007 · Itoh, M. et al. · indexed
129. Aging road user, bicyclist, and pedestrian safety : effective bicycling signs and preventing left-turn crashes. · 2013 · Boot, Walter et al. · archived
130. Drivers’ response to dynamic gap assistance signs at simulated rural unsignalised T-intersections ↗ · 2014 · Lenné, Michael G et al. · indexed
131. Driver Expectations When Navigating Complex Interchanges · 2013 · Richard, Christian M. et al. · archived
132. Traffic management: Assessing various countermeasures to improve detection failure of changes in speed limit signals ↗ · 2017 · Harms, Ilse M. et al. · indexed
133. Analysis of driver’s negotiation patterns at intersection ↗ · 2007 · Kosaka, Hiroaki et al. · indexed
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135. Planning Lane Changes using Advance Visual and Haptic Information · 2022 · Frissen, Ilja et al. · archived
136. Quantitative study of vehicle-pedestrian interactions: Towards pedestrian-adapted lighting communication functions for autonomous vehicles · 2021 · Zang, Guoqin et al. · archived
137. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Regulatory and Warning Signs on Driver Behavior near Highway/ Rail Crossings · 2020 · Codjoe, Julius et al. · archived
138. Evaluation of Lane Reduction and Late Merge Signing · 2023 · Katz, Bryan J et al. · archived
139. External communication of automated shuttles: Results, experiences, and lessons learned from three European long-term research projects · 2022 · Mirnig, Alexander G. et al. · archived
140. Effect of Road Markings and Traffic Signs Presence on Young Driver Stress Level, Eye Movement and Behaviour in Night-Time Conditions: A Driving Simulator Study ↗ · 2020 · Babić, Darko et al. · indexed
141. Online intention recognition applied to real simulated driving maneuvers · 2020 · Deng, Qi et al. · archived
142. HMI for Left Turn Assist (LTA) ↗ · 2018 · Schmitz, Marcus et al. · indexed
143. After you: Merging at Highway On-Ramps ↗ · 2020 · Stoll, Tanja et al. · indexed
144. Multiple Sources of Safety Information from V2V and V2I: Redundancy, Decision Making, and Trust—Safety Message Design Report · 2015 · Richard, Christian M. et al. · archived
145. Improved Pedestrian Safety at Signalized Intersections Operating the Flashing Yellow Arrow · 2013 · Hurwitz, David S. et al. · archived
146. Improved simulation of driver behavior : modeling protected and permitted left-turn operations at signalized intersections. · 2011 · Abdel-Rahim, Ahmed et al. · archived
147. Evaluation of Enhanced Brake Lights Using Surrogate Safety Metrics: Task 2 & 3 Report: Development of Rear Signaling Model and Work Plan for Large Scale Field Evaluation · 2010 · Llaneras, Robert E. et al. · archived
148. Effects of Cell Phone Conversation on Drivers’ Perceptions of Cyclists’ Intentions ↗ · 2024 · Petersen, Christine M. et al. · indexed
149. Decoding the silent dialogue: Unveiling driver-pedestrian communication dynamics with a hidden Markov model ↗ · 2025 · Pipkorn, Linda et al. · indexed
150. Evaluating Intent Sharing Communication using Real Connected Vehicles ↗ · 2023 · Wang, Hao M. et al. · indexed
151. Aging road user studies of intersection safety. · 2014 · Boot, Walter et al. · archived
152. A Vehicle Behavioral Analysis of the Signal Pre-warning Information Provided to the Driver ↗ · 2016 · Toshiyuki Nakamura et al. · indexed
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154. Using Connected Vehicle Data to Evaluate Traffic Signal Performance and Driver Behavior after Changing Left-turns Phasing ↗ · 2021 · Saldivar-Carranza, Enrique D. et al. · indexed
155. Detecting Driver Normal and Emergency Lane-Changing Intentions With Queuing Network-Based Driver Models ↗ · 2014 · Bi, Luzheng et al. · indexed
156. Comparison of safety and kinematic patterns of automated vehicles turning left in interaction with oncoming manually driven vehicles · 2021 · Junghans, Marek et al. · archived
157. Representativity and univocity of traffic signs and their effect on trajectory movement in a driving-simulation task: Regulatory signs ↗ · 2018 · Vílchez, José Luis · indexed
158. Real-time driving manoeuvre prediction using IO-HMM and driver cephalo-ocular behaviour ↗ · 2017 · Zabihi, S.M. et al. · indexed
159. Impact of Signal Timing Information on Safety and Efficiency of Signalized Intersections ↗ · 2011 · Sharma, Anuj et al. · indexed
160. Establishing a Repeatable Method for Presenting Nontraditional Traffic Treatments to Maximize Stakeholder Support · 2023 · Morris, N L et al. · archived
161. On the Roles of Eye Gaze and Head Dynamics in Predicting Driver's Intent to Change Lanes ↗ · 2009 · Doshi, A. et al. · indexed
162. A Proposed Method About the Design of Road Signs · 2014 · Viganó, Roberto et al. · archived
163. ILLEGAL DRIVER BEHAVIOR AT SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS ↗ · 2020 · University of Duhok et al. · indexed
164. External Human–Machine Interfaces for Autonomous Vehicle-to-Pedestrian Communication: A Review of Empirical Work · 2019 · Rouchitsas, Alexandros et al. · archived
165. Predicting driver lane change intent using HCRF ↗ · 2015 · Wen, Yu et al. · indexed
166. Unsettled Issues Regarding Visual Communication Between Automated Vehicles and Other Road Users ↗ · 2021 · Beiker, Sven · indexed
167. Simulation Analysis on Driving Behavior during Traffic Sign Recognition ↗ · 2011 · Sun, Lishan et al. · indexed
168. Road Safety Differences between Priority-Controlled Intersections and Right-Hand Priority Intersections · 2013 · De Ceunynck, Tim et al. · archived
169. An Invariant May Drive the Decision to Encroach at Unsignalized Intersections ↗ · 2009 · Smith, Kip et al. · indexed
170. Mixed signals: stimulus‐response compatibility and car indicator light configuration · 2007 · Bayliss, Andrew P. · archived
171. Design Consistency on Corridors · 2022 · Cunningham, Christopher M. et al. · archived
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173. Investigating the Need for Explicit Communication of Non-Yielding Intent through a Slow-Pulsing Light Band (SPLB) eHMI in AV-Pedestrian Interaction ↗ · 2022 · Dey, Debargha et al. · indexed
174. Evaluation of Traffic Signal Displays for Protected-Permissive Left-Turn Control Using Driving Simulator Technology ↗ · 2005 · Knodler, Michael A. et al. · indexed
175. BETTER SIGNS FOR BETTER ROAD SAFETY ↗ · 2001 · Al-Yousifi, Adel Easa · indexed
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178. Bystander Interactions With Failing Vehicle Autonomy · 2018 · Steinfeld, Aaron et al. · archived
179. Longitudinal Driving Behavior before, during, and after a Left-Turn Movement at Signalized Intersections: A Naturalistic Driving Study in China ↗ · 2022 · Xia, Lihong et al. · indexed
180. Driving Behavior during Left-Turn Maneuvers at Intersections on Left-Hand Traffic Roads ↗ · 2024 · Matsui, Yasuhiro et al. · indexed
181. A Recognition Method for Lane Change Intention Based on Hidden Markov Model ↗ · 2011 · Xu, Wang et al. · indexed
182. The Role of Nonverbal Communication in Driver Yielding Behavior: A VR-Based Analysis of Pedestrian–Driver Interactions ↗ · 2026 · Won, Jinho et al. · indexed
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184. Hacking Nonverbal Communication between Pedestrians and Vehicles in Virtual Reality ↗ · 2019 · Schmidt, Henri et al. · indexed
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187. Designing for Projection-based Communication between Autonomous Vehicles and Pedestrians · 2019 · Nguyen, Trung Thanh et al. · archived
188. Assessment of external interface of autonomous vehicles · 2021 · Orlický, Adam et al. · archived
189. Attention and action preparation during lane change maneuvers: The role of irrelevant information ↗ · 2022 · Rajendra Sharma, Nikita et al. · indexed
190. Impact of Personality on Takeover Time and Maneuvers Shortly After Takeover Request ↗ · 2024 · Huang, Chao et al. · indexed
191. Analysis of the Relationship Between Physiological Signals and Vehicle Maneuvers During a Naturalistic Driving Study ↗ · 2019 · Qiu, Yuning et al. · indexed
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193. Lane Departure Warning's Next Generation Using Smart Turn Signals ↗ · 2008 · Ponziani, Richard L. · indexed
194. Evaluating Effect of Two Allowable Permissive Left-Turn Indications ↗ · 2007 · Knodler, Michael A. et al. · indexed
195. Turn-Intent Analysis Using Body Pose for Intelligent Driver Assistance ↗ · 2006 · Cheng, Shinko Yuanhsien et al. · indexed
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197. Evaluation of Flashing Yellow Arrow in Traffic Signal Displays with Simultaneous Permissive Indications ↗ · 2005 · Knodler, Michael A. et al. · indexed
198. Users’ behavioral intention and their behavior: before-and-after study of “keep left” markings on shared footpaths ↗ · 2021 · Che, Maohao et al. · indexed
199. Left-Turn Phasing—State-of-the-Art Review and the Outlook for Future Improvements ↗ · 2016 · Jolovic, Dusan et al. · indexed
200. Effects of Countdown Signals in Red Phase on Drivers: A Comparative Study between Japan and Turkey ↗ · 2014 · Yu, Ke et al. · indexed
201. Comprehensibility and impact of vehicle dashboard indicator light symbols on drivers’ preventive maintenance compliance · 2025 · Atombo, Charles et al. · archived
202. Potential Application of Flashing Yellow Arrow Permissive Indication in Separated Left-Turn Lanes ↗ · 2006 · Knodler, Michael A. et al. · indexed
203. Benefits of connected vehicle signalized left-turn assist: Simulation-based study ↗ · 2021 · Arafat, Mahmoud et al. · indexed
204. Field Testing for Automated Identification of Turning Movements at Signalized Intersections ↗ · 2004 · Tian, Jialin et al. · indexed
205. Traffic Signal Simulation Cookbook (ver 1.0) · 2020 · He, Qing et al. · archived
206. Safety and Operational Impacts of Optional Flashing Yellow Arrow Delay ↗ · 2014 · Appiah, Justice et al. · indexed
207. Evaluation of the Flashing Yellow Arrow Permissive-Only Left-Turn Indication Field Implementation ↗ · 2008 · National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine · indexed
208. Field Assessment of Variable Left-Turn Mode by Time-of-Day for Intersections Being Upgraded With Flashing Yellow Arrow Signal Heads and Offset Left-Turn Lanes ↗ · 2024 · Biswas, Pranesh et al. · indexed
209. A new lost time estimation method for right‐turn traffic in Japan considering signal phasing and sneakers ↗ · 2012 · Tang, Keshuang et al. · indexed
210. Traffic signal timing manual. ↗ · 2008 · Koonce, Peter et al. · indexed
211. Analysis of routine communication in the air traffic control system · 1990 · Morrow, Daniel · archived
212. A Proposal for the Estimation of Loss Time of Right-turn Traffic at Signalized Intersections in Japan ↗ · 2010 · Tang, Keshuang et al. · indexed
213. Improving SUMO's Signal Control Programs by Introducing Route Information · 2018 · Flötteröd, Yun-Pang et al. · archived
214. Protected–permissive left turn phasing with flashing yellow arrow signal: study of red intervals for an effective phase transition ↗ · 2019 · Mahbub, Muqtasid et al. · indexed
215. Event-Based Data Collection for Generating Actuated Controller Performance Measures ↗ · 2007 · Smaglik, Edward J. et al. · indexed
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