DrivingResearch.

cannabis

Cannabis/marijuana impairment of driving: delta-9-THC pharmacokinetics, whole-blood THC concentration, acute psychomotor and divided-attention deficits, and cannabis-positive crash involvement. Confined to cannabinoids, distinct from alcohol (ethanol/BAC), opioids (opioid analgesics/heroin), illicit_drugs (cocaine, amphetamines, and other illegal non-cannabis drugs), prescription_meds (legal CNS depressants), and polydrug (THC mixed with other substances).

195 paper(s) · ranked by relevance to this topic

  1. Key Information for Cannabis and DUIC Policy · 2019 · Ward, Nicholas J. et al. · archived
  2. An Evaluation of Data from Drivers Arrested for Driving Under the Influence in Relation to Per se Limits for Cannabis · 2016 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  3. Cannabis Effects on Driving Skills ↗ · 2012 · Hartman, Rebecca L. et al. · indexed
  4. Deterring driving under the influence of cannabis ↗ · 2015 · Huestis, Marilyn A. · indexed
  5. Marijuana-Impaired Driving - A Report to Congress · 2017 · Compton, Richard P. · archived
  6. Cannabis use as a risk factor for causing motor vehicle crashes: a prospective study ↗ · 2019 · Brubacher, Jeffrey R. et al. · indexed
  7. Determining the magnitude and duration of acute Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC)-induced driving and cognitive impairment: A systematic and meta-analytic review · 2021 · McCartney, Danielle et al. · archived
  8. Role of Cannabis in Motor Vehicle Crashes ↗ · 1999 · Bates, Michael et al. · indexed
  9. Driving by frequent cannabis users 'the morning after' last use of smoked cannabis: an observational driving simulator study. · 2026 · Zakala, C et al. · archived
  10. Marijuana and Actual Driving Performance · 1993 · Robbe, Hindrik W. J. et al. · archived
  11. Driver Behavior Post-Cannabis Consumption—A Driving Simulator Study in Collaboration with Montgomery County, Maryland · 2023 · Banerjee, Snehanshu et al. · archived
  12. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, pilot study of cannabis-related driving impairment assessed by driving simulator and self-report ↗ · 2025 · Meda, Shashwath A et al. · indexed
  13. Effects of marijuana on equilibrium, psychomotor performance, and simulated driving ↗ · 1998 · Liguori, Anthony et al. · indexed
  14. Prevalence of Marijuana Involvement in Fatal Crashes: Washington, 2010-2014 · 2016 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  15. The Effect of Marihuana Dosage on Driver Performance · 1973 · Moskowitz, Herbert, 1925- et al. · archived
  16. Marijuana, Alcohol and Actual Driving Performance · 1999 · Robbe, Hindrik W. J. et al. · archived
  17. Overview of Major Issues Regarding the Impacts of Alcohol and Marijuana on Driving · 2016 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  18. Cannabis Use Among Drivers Suspected of Driving Under the Influence or Involved in Collisions: Analysis of Washington State Patrol Data · 2016 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  19. Cannabis and traffic collision risk: findings from a case-crossover study of injured drivers presenting to emergency departments · 2013 · Asbridge, Mark et al. · archived
  20. Cannabidiol (CBD) content in vaporized cannabis does not prevent tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-induced impairment of driving and cognition · 2019 · Arkell, Thomas R. et al. · archived
  21. Longitudinal Effects of Acute Cannabis Exposure on Automobile Driving Behavior in a Naturalistic Simulated Environment · 2021 · Meda, Shashwath et al. · archived
  22. Cannabis (Marijuana) - Effects on Human Performance and Behavior. ↗ · 2002 · Huestis, Marilyn A. · indexed
  23. Driving Performance and Cannabis Users’ Perception of Safety ↗ · 2022 · Marcotte, Thomas D. et al. · indexed
  24. A semi-naturalistic open-label study examining the effect of prescribed medical cannabis use on simulated driving performance ↗ · 2024 · Manning, Brooke et al. · indexed
  25. A Simulator Study of the Combined Effects of Alcohol and Marihuana on Driving Behavior–Phase II · 1983 · Stein, A. C. et al. · archived
  26. Cannabis Use Among Drivers in Fatal Crashes in Washington State Before and After Legalization · 2020 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  27. Effect of Cannabidiol and Δ<sup>9</sup>-Tetrahydrocannabinol on Driving Performance ↗ · 2020 · Arkell, Thomas R. et al. · indexed
  28. The effects of cannabis and alcohol on driving performance and driver behaviour: a systematic review and meta‐analysis · 2022 · Simmons, Sarah M. et al. · archived
  29. Marijuana, alcohol and actual driving performance · 2000 · Ramaekers, Johannes G. et al. · archived
  30. Visual Search and Urban City Driving under the Influence of Marijuana and Alcohol · 2000 · Lamers, C. T. J. et al. · archived
  31. Crash-involved THC-positive drivers in Norway have a high frequency of polysubstance use ↗ · 2023 · Gjerde, Hallvard · indexed
  32. State of Knowledge of Drug-Impaired Driving · 2003 · Jones, R. K. (Ralph K.) et al. · archived
  33. Effects of Legalization of Marijuana on Traffic: Transportation Research Synthesis · 2024 · NHTSA · archived
  34. Effects of chronic marijuana use on driving performance ↗ · 2018 · Doroudgar, Shadi et al. · indexed
  35. Acute cannabis consumption and motor vehicle collision risk: systematic review of observational studies and meta-analysis ↗ · 2012 · Asbridge, Mark et al. · indexed
  36. Incidence and Toxicological Aspects of Cannabis and Ethanol Detected in 1394 Fatally Injured Drivers and Pedestrians in Ontario (1982–1984) ↗ · 1990 · Cimbura, G. et al. · indexed
  37. Marijuana and Actual Driving Performance · 1993 · Robbe, Hindrik W.J. et al. · archived
  38. Medicinal Δ<sup>9</sup>‐tetrahydrocannabinol (dronabinol) impairs on‐the‐road driving performance of occasional and heavy cannabis users but is not detected in <scp>S</scp>tandard <scp>F</scp>ield <scp>S</scp>obriety <scp>T</scp>ests ↗ · 2012 · Bosker, Wendy M. et al. · indexed
  39. Weed or Wheel! fMRI, Behavioural, and Toxicological Investigations of How Cannabis Smoking Affects Skills Necessary for Driving · 2013 · Battistella, Giovanni et al. · archived
  40. Marijuana, Other Drugs, and Alcohol Use by Drivers in Washington State · 2016 · Ramirez, Anthony et al. · archived
  41. Drugs in fatally injured young male drivers · 1985 · Williams, A F et al. · archived
  42. Marijuana Use and Motor Vehicle Crashes ↗ · 2011 · Li, Mu-Chen et al. · indexed
  43. Drug and Alcohol Crash Risk [Traffic Safety Facts]: Research Note · 2015 · Compton, Richard P. et al. · archived
  44. Use of Controlled Substances and Highway Safety: A Report to Congress · 1988 · Compton, Richard P. · archived
  45. Driving and cannabis use: a questionnaire about knowledge and behaviors after the legalization of recreational cannabis in California · 2025 · Baird, Sara et al. · archived
  46. The role of alcohol, marijuana, and other drugs in the accidents of injured drivers ↗ · 1982 · Terhune, Kenneth W. et al. · indexed
  47. Marijuana, Other Drugs and Their Relation to Highway Safety: A Report to Congress [1980] · 1980 · NHTSA · archived
  48. Controlled Cannabis Vaporizer Administration: Blood and Plasma Cannabinoids with and without Alcohol ↗ · 2015 · Hartman, Rebecca L. et al. · indexed
  49. The Role Alcohol, Marijuana and Other Drugs in the Accidents of Injured Drivers [Conference Paper] · 1982 · Terhune, K. W. et al. · archived
  50. The Role of Alcohol, Marijuana, and Other Drugs in the Accidents of Injured Drivers. Volume 1, Findings · 1982 · Terhune, K. W. · archived
  51. THE EFFECTS OF MARIJUANA AND ALCOHOL ON ACTUAL DRIVING PERFORMANCE ↗ · 1986 · Peck, Raymond C. et al. · indexed
  52. Marijuana, Other Drugs and Their Relation to Highway Safety: A Report to Congress [1979] · 1979 · NHTSA · archived
  53. Cannabis, alcohol and other drug findings in fatally injured drivers in Ontario ↗ · 2020 · Beirness, D J et al. · indexed
  54. Drivers’ Use of Marijuana in Washington State [Traffic Tech] · 2016 · NHTSA · archived
  55. Associations of cannabis use with motor vehicle crashes and traffic stops among older drivers: AAA LongROAD study ↗ · 2023 · Davis, Shelby et al. · indexed
  56. Drugs and Traffic Crash Responsibility: A Study of Injured Motorists in Colorado ↗ · 2001 · Lowenstein, Steven R. et al. · indexed
  57. Cannabis Legalization and Detection of Tetrahydrocannabinol in Injured Drivers ↗ · 2022 · Brubacher, Jeffrey R. et al. · indexed
  58. The effects of cannabis intoxication on motor vehicle collision revisited and revised · 2016 · Røgeberg, Ole et al. · archived
  59. Impact of naturalistic cannabis use on lateral control and speed: A driving simulator study. ↗ · 2025 · Brooks-Russell A et al. · indexed
  60. Drugged Driving Expert Panel Report: A Consensus Protocol for Assessing the Potential of Drugs to Impair Driving · 2011 · Logan, Barry K. et al. · archived
  61. Brain-behavior relationships of simulated naturalistic automobile driving under the influence of acute cannabis intoxication: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study · 2022 · Meda, Shashwath et al. · archived
  62. THE PREVALENCE AND ROLE OF ALCOHOL, CANNABINOIDS, BENZODIAZEPINES AND STIMULANTS IN NON-FATAL CRASHES ↗ · 1998 · Hunter, Christine E. et al. · indexed
  63. The Incidence and Role of Drugs in Fatally Injured Drivers · 1992 · Terhune, K. W. et al. · archived
  64. Drug Impaired Driving : Understanding the Problem and Ways to Reduce It (a Report to Congress) · 2009 · Compton, R. et al. · archived
  65. Effects of High-Potency Cannabis on Psychomotor Performance in Frequent Cannabis Users. ↗ · 2022 · Karoly, Hollis C et al. · indexed
  66. Driving under the Influence of Cannabis or Alcohol in a Cohort of High-frequency Cannabis Users: Prevalence and Reflections on Current Interventions ↗ · 2011 · McGuire, Fraser et al. · indexed
  67. The Culture of Driving under the Influence of Cannabis and Alcohol in Washington State ↗ · 2020 · Otto, Jay et al. · indexed
  68. Drug and Alcohol Crash Risk: A Case-Control Study · 2016 · Lacey, John H. et al. · archived
  69. 18-0054_AAAFTS Older Driver Marijuana Brief_v5-6 TABLE 2 · 2018 · Lohoni, M. et al. · archived
  70. Drugs and Driving: A Research Review · 1977 · Joscelyn, Kent B. et al. · archived
  71. Braking Performance of Drivers under the Influence of Alcohol and Cannabis ↗ · 1980 · Attwood, Dennis et al. · indexed
  72. Effects of Drugs and Alcohol on Driver Performance · 1972 · Case, H. W. et al. · archived
  73. A systematic review of oculomotor deficits associated with acute and chronic cannabis use ↗ · 2024 · Manning, Brooke et al. · indexed
  74. Drug driving: a secondary analysis of factors associated with driving under the influence of cannabis in Jamaica ↗ · 2024 · Lalwani, Kunal et al. · indexed
  75. Examination of Cannabis Users’ Perceptions and Self-Reported Behaviors to Inform Messaging to Deter Impaired Driving · 2025 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  76. Marijuana Use in Older Drivers in Colorado: A LongROAD Study · 2018 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety et al. · archived
  77. Drugs and Driving: Information Needs and Research Requirements · 1979 · Joscelyn, Kent B. et al. · archived
  78. Neurocognitive performance during acute THC intoxication in heavy and occasional cannabis users ↗ · 2008 · Ramaekers, JG et al. · indexed
  79. The Incidence of Driving under the Influence of Drugs 1985: An Update of the State of Knowledge · 1985 · Compton, Richard P. et al. · archived
  80. Drugs and Human Performance Fact Sheets: 2024 · 2024 · Couper, Fiona J. et al. · archived
  81. Cycling-related crash risk and the role of cannabis and alcohol: a case-crossover study · 2014 · Asbridge, Mark et al. · archived
  82. Driving high: a study of student driving behaviours and attitudes towards marijuana use and driving · 2018 · Porath-Waller, Amy · archived
  83. Trends in Cannabis Involvement and Risk of Alcohol Involvement in Motor Vehicle Crash Fatalities in the United States, 2000‒2018 ↗ · 2021 · Lira, Marlene C. et al. · indexed
  84. Marijuana and Driver Behaviors: Historic and Social Observations among Fatal Accident Operators and a Control Sample · 1976 · Sterling-Smith, Robert S. et al. · archived
  85. Cannabis use in older drivers in Colorado: The LongROAD Study ↗ · 2019 · DiGuiseppi, Carolyn et al. · indexed
  86. Drugged driving in Louisiana: quantification of its impact on public health and implications for legislation, enforcement, and prosecution : final report. · 2017 · Schneider, Helmut et al. · archived
  87. Drugs and Driving: A Selected Bibliography: Supplement One · 1978 · Joscelyn, Kent B. et al. · archived
  88. Visual search and urban driving under the influence of marijuana and alcohol ↗ · 2001 · Lamers, C. T. J. et al. · indexed
  89. Risk Factors for Driving After and During Marijuana Use · 2016 · Aston, Elizabeth R. et al. · archived
  90. Cannabis, Impaired Driving, and Road Safety: An Overview of Key Questions and Issues · 2021 · Brands, Bruna et al. · archived
  91. Alcohol and Drug Prevalence Among Seriously or Fatally Injured Road Users · 2022 · Thomas, F. D. et al. · archived
  92. Drugs and Highway Safety 1980 · 1980 · Joscelyn, Kent B. et al. · archived
  93. Drugged Driving in Louisiana: Quantification of Its Impact on Public Health and Implications for Legislation, Enforcement and Prosecution · 2015 · Schneider, Helmut et al. · archived
  94. Feasibility Assessment of Chemical Testing for Drug Impairment: Final Report · 1985 · Willette, Robert E. · archived
  95. Drugs, driving and the law : a report to the governor and General Assembly of Virginia. · 1973 · Lorman, Alvin J · archived
  96. Schedule II Opioids and Stimulants &amp; CMV Crash Risk and Driver Performance: Evidence Report and Systematic Review · 2014 · Brittle, Christine et al. · archived
  97. Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol and Marijuana: Beliefs and Behaviors, United States, 2013-2015 · 2016 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  98. Impact of the Legalization and Decriminalization of Marijuana on the DWI System: Highlights from the Expert Panel Meeting · 2017 · NHTSA · archived
  99. The effects of psychoactive prescription drugs on driving. ↗ · 2017 · Beirness, DJ · indexed
  100. The influence of <scp>THC</scp>:<scp>CBD</scp> oromucosal spray on driving ability in patients with multiple sclerosis‐related spasticity ↗ · 2018 · Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen et al. · indexed
  101. The Study of Possible Influences of Licit and Illicit Drugs on Driver Behavior · 1971 · Berg, S. William et al. · archived
  102. The acute effects of vaporized cannabis on drivers' hazard perception and risk-taking behaviors ↗ · 2024 · Schiemer, Carla et al. · indexed
  103. Drug Use and Highway Safety: A Review of the Literature · 1971 · Nichols, James L. · archived
  104. Rapid review of experimental studies on alcohol and cannabis use and simulated driving behaviour: What can we learn about study methods? ↗ · 2025 · Buckley, Lisa et al. · indexed
  105. CDOT Cognitive Roadside Device Evaluation Study · 2023 · Lyon, Craig et al. · archived
  106. Drugs and Human Performance Fact Sheets [2014] · 2014 · Couper, Fiona J. et al. · archived
  107. Conventional and Alternative Matrices for Driving Under The Influence of Cannabis: Recent Progress and Remaining Challenges ↗ · 2010 · Wille, Sarah M.R. et al. · indexed
  108. Report on Marijuana Research: Report to Congress · 2024 · NHTSA · archived
  109. Marijuana and Driving in Real-Life Situations ↗ · 1974 · Klonoff, Harry · indexed
  110. Increased collision risk among drivers who report driving after using alcohol and after using cannabis · 2014 · Sayer, Gillian et al. · archived
  111. Edible cannabis use on simulated driving performance ↗ · 2025 · Won, Nae et al. · indexed
  112. Driver Impairment Detection and Safety Enhancement Through Comprehensive Volatility Analysis · 2020 · Khattak, Asad J. et al. · archived
  113. Drugs and Human Performance Fact Sheets [2004] · 2004 · Couper, Fiona J. et al. · archived
  114. Visual Search Behavior while Viewing Driving Scenes under the Influence of Alcohol and Marihuana ↗ · 1976 · Moskowitz, Herbert et al. · indexed
  115. Countermeasures That Work – Drug-Impaired Driving [Traffic Tech] · 2021 · Smither, Dereece D. · archived
  116. Alcohol, Drugs, and Driving · 1974 · Perrine, M. W. · archived
  117. Combating the drug-impaired driver : a prescription for safer highways. · 1985 · Paltell, Eric et al. · archived
  118. A placebo-controlled study to assess Standardized Field Sobriety Tests performance during alcohol and cannabis intoxication in heavy cannabis users and accuracy of point of collection testing devices for detecting THC in oral fluid · 2012 · Bosker, Wendy M. et al. · archived
  119. Development and Validation of Messaging to Deter Cannabis Impaired Driving · 2025 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  120. The Incidence and Role of Drugs in Fatally Injured Drivers · 2008 · Terhune, Kenneth W. et al. · archived
  121. Drug Research Methodology. Volume 5, Experimentation in Drugs and Highway Safety: The Study of Drug Effects on Skills Related to Driving · 1980 · Joscelyn, Kent B. et al. · archived
  122. Comparative Effects of Alcohol and Marijuana on Mood, Memory, and Performance ↗ · 1997 · Heishman, Stephen J. et al. · indexed
  123. A Driving Simulator Study of the Performance Effects of Low Blood Alcohol Concentration ↗ · 1996 · Allen, R. Wade et al. · indexed
  124. 2013–2014 National Roadside Study of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers: Drug Results · 2017 · Kelley-Baker, Tara et al. · archived
  125. Effects of Alcohol and Other Drugs on Driver Performance ↗ · 2004 · Ogden, Edward et al. · indexed
  126. Evidence Report: Licit Schedule II Drug Use and Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Safety (Comprehensive Review) · 2006 · NHTSA · archived
  127. Cannabis and Alcohol Involvement in Motor Vehicle Crashes: Reflections in the Era of Legalization ↗ · 2024 · Asbridge, Mark et al. · indexed
  128. Prescription medication use and crash risk: taking responsibility for a new global challenge ↗ · 2021 · Downey, Luke A et al. · indexed
  129. Report of an International Symposium on Drugs and Driving · 1975 · Joscelyn, Kent B. et al. · archived
  130. Marijuana use, driving, and related cognitions. ↗ · 2012 · Arterberry, Brooke J. et al. · indexed
  131. The Incidence of Drugs in Fatally Injured Drivers [1974] · 1974 · Woodhouse, Edward J. · archived
  132. Tolerance and cross-tolerance to neurocognitive effects of THC and alcohol in heavy cannabis users · 2010 · Ramaekers, Johannes G. et al. · archived
  133. PW 0766 Marijuana use in older drivers in colorado: the AAA longroad study ↗ · 2018 · DiGuiseppi, Carolyn et al. · indexed
  134. Effects of alcohol intoxication on driving performance, confidence in driving ability, and psychomotor function: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study · 2022 · Garrisson, Harriet et al. · archived
  135. Is cannabis a slippery slope? Associations between psychological dysfunctioning, other substance use, and impaired driving, in a sample of active cannabis users · 2024 · Love, Steven et al. · archived
  136. Drug and Alcohol Prevalence in Seriously and Fatally Injured Road Users Before and During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency · 2020 · Thomas, F. Dennis et al. · archived
  137. Alcohol Limits for Drivers: A Report on the Effects of Alcohol and Expected Institutional Responses to New Limits: Report to Congress · 1991 · NHTSA · archived
  138. Understanding the Limitations of Drug Test Information, Reporting, and Testing Practices in Fatal Crashes [Traffic Safety Facts]: Research Note · 2014 · Berning, Amy et al. · archived
  139. Road traffic crash characteristics of drivers who take prescription medicines that carry a risk to driving · 2020 · Lu, Li et al. · archived
  140. Effect of Marihuana and Alcohol on Visual Search Performance · 1976 · Moskowitz, Herbert, 1925- et al. · archived
  141. Results of the 2013–2014 National Roadside Study of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers [Traffic Safety Facts] · 2015 · Berning, Amy et al. · archived
  142. Driver Impairment Detection &amp; Safety Enhancement Through Comprehensive Volatility Analysis [Slides] · 2021 · Khattak, Asad J. et al. · archived
  143. Effect of intrapulmonary tetrahydrocannabinol administration in humans ↗ · 2008 · Zuurman, Lineke et al. · indexed
  144. Results of the 2007 National Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers [Traffic Safety Facts] · 2009 · Compton, Richard et al. · archived
  145. A Framework for “Driving Under the Influenceof Drugs” Policy for the Opioid Using Driver ↗ · 2012 · Wilhelmi, Brian G. · indexed
  146. Status report on Virginia&#039;s program to combat drug-impaired driving. · 1989 · Jernigan, Jack D · archived
  147. Factors Associated with High-Frequency Cannabis Use and Driving among a Multi-site Sample of University Students in Ontario ↗ · 2014 · Fischer, Benedikt et al. · indexed
  148. Marijuana and Driving Impairment ↗ · 2007 · Logan, Barry K. · indexed
  149. Drug-Impaired Driving Data Collection: Report to Congress · 2024 · Atkins, Randolph G. et al. · archived
  150. Marijuana-Using Drivers, Alcohol-Using Drivers, and Their Passengers ↗ · 2014 · Whitehill, Jennifer M. et al. · indexed
  151. Changes in Traffic Crash Rates After Legalization of Marijuana: Results by Crash Severity ↗ · 2022 · Farmer, Charles M. et al. · indexed
  152. Study of the Detectability of Controlled Substances on Breath · 1975 · Bryant, P. J. et al. · archived
  153. Drug Use by Tractor-Trailer Drivers ↗ · 1988 · Lund, A K et al. · indexed
  154. An analysis of current Virginia statutes relating to driving under the influence of drugs. · 1972 · Ames, W. Allen · archived
  155. Driving after Drug or Alcohol Use: Findings from the 1996 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse · 1998 · Townsend, Tara N. et al. · archived
  156. Alcohol &amp; drug use among drivers : British Columbia roadside survey 2008 · 2009 · Beirness, Douglas J. et al. · archived
  157. Alcohol and Drug Prevalence Among Seriously or Fatally Injured Road Users [Traffic Tech] · 2022 · Berning, Amy · archived
  158. The neurophysiological basis of the marijuana experience. ↗ · 1973 · Low, Morton D. et al. · indexed
  159. Alcohol and Highway Safety: Behavioral and Medical Aspects [Final Report] · 1971 · Perrine, M. W. et al. · archived
  160. Drug Use among Drivers · 1975 · Glauz, William D. et al. · archived
  161. Driver Characteristics and Impairment at Various BACs · 2000 · Moskowitz, Herbert, 1925- et al. · archived
  162. 2016 Digest of State Laws: Driving Under the Influence of Drugs, First Edition · 2018 · Boddie, Amanda et al. · archived
  163. Ethanol‐Induced CNS depression and divided attention ↗ · 1995 · Millar, S. A. et al. · indexed
  164. A Review of the Literature on the Effects of Low Doses of Alcohol on Driving-Related Skills · 2000 · Moskowitz, Herbert, 1925- et al. · archived
  165. Drugs and Driving: A Selected Bibliography: Supplement 2 · 1980 · Veldkamp, Mary B. et al. · archived
  166. A State-by-State Analysis of Laws Dealing with Driving under the Influence of Drugs · 2009 · Walsh, J. Michael · archived
  167. Effects of alcohol on automated and controlled driving performances · 2013 · Berthelon, Catherine et al. · archived
  168. Drug Testing and Traffic Safety: What You Need to Know · 2022 · Berning, Amy et al. · archived
  169. Driving Under the Influence of Non-Alcohol Drugs--An Update Part I: Epidemiological Studies. ↗ · 2015 · Gjerde, Hallvard et al. · indexed
  170. Alcohol Impairment of Performance on Steering and Discrete Tasks in a Driving Simulator · 1974 · Jex, Henry R. et al. · archived
  171. A Comparison of Drug Use in Driver Fatalities and Similarly Exposed Drivers · 1977 · Blackburn, R. R. (Robert R.) et al. · archived
  172. The Incidence of Drugs in Fatally Injured Drivers [1972] · 1972 · Woodhouse, Edward J. · archived
  173. Alcohol and driving-related performance - A comprehensive meta-analysis focusing the significance of the non-significant ↗ · 2011 · Schnabel, Eva · indexed
  174. Young Adult Alcohol and Cannabis Impaired Driving After the Opening of Cannabis Retail Stores in Washington State ↗ · 2024 · Hultgren, Brittney A. · indexed
  175. Drug Per Se Laws: A Review of their Use in States · 2010 · Lacey, John et al. · archived
  176. Effects of Two Levels of Attention Demand on Vigilance Performance under Marihuana ↗ · 1974 · Sharma, Satanand et al. · indexed
  177. Effects of Low Doses of Alcohol on Driving-Related Skills: A Review of the Evidence · 1988 · Moskowitz, Herbert, 1925- et al. · archived
  178. Safety Enhancement by Detecting Driver Impairment Through Analysis of Real-Time Volatilities [Research Brief] · 2023 · Khattak, Asad J. · archived
  179. Problematic substance use and implications for road safety: An investigation on psychological dysfunction and risky driving styles · 2024 · Love, Steven et al. · archived
  180. On-the-Road Driving Behavior and Breath Alcohol Concentration · 1976 · Damkot, David K. et al. · archived
  181. Driving under the influence of cannabis, alcohol, and illicit drugs among adults in the United States from 2016 to 2020 ↗ · 2023 · Myers, Matthew · indexed
  182. Drug Abuse and Driving Performance · 1972 · Blomberg, Richard D. et al. · archived
  183. Effects of Different Blood Alcohol Concentrations and Post-Alcohol Impairment on Driving Behavior and Task Performance ↗ · 2010 · Liu, Yung‐Ching et al. · indexed
  184. Safety Implications of Cannabis Use: Rates, Characteristics, and Circumstances of Cannabis-Related Deaths in New Zealand, 2012–2016 ↗ · 2026 · Lilley, Rebbecca et al. · indexed
  185. Oral Fluid Cannabinoids in Chronic, Daily Cannabis Smokers during Sustained, Monitored Abstinence ↗ · 2011 · Lee, Dayong et al. · indexed
  186. Acute and Long-Term Effects of Cannabis Use: A Review ↗ · 2014 · Karila, Laurent et al. · indexed
  187. Long-term effects of cannabis on oculomotor function in humans ↗ · 2008 · Huestegge, Lynn et al. · indexed
  188. Cannabis-Involved Traffic Injury Emergency Department Visits After Cannabis Legalization and Commercialization ↗ · 2023 · Myran, Daniel T. · indexed
  189. Sex, Drugs, and Cognition: Effects of Marijuana ↗ · 2010 · Anderson, Beth M. et al. · indexed
  190. Reduced responsiveness of the reward system is associated with tolerance to cannabis impairment in chronic users · 2019 · Mason, Natasha L. et al. · archived
  191. Drug-resistant MS spasticity treatment with Sativex<sup>®</sup>add-on and driving ability ↗ · 2014 · Freidel, M et al. · indexed
  192. The Chronic Effects of Cannabis on Memory in Humans: A Review ↗ · 2008 · Solowij, Nadia et al. · indexed
  193. Age-related differences in the impact of cannabis use on the brain and cognition: a systematic review · 2019 · Gorey, Claire M. et al. · archived
  194. Disrupted Resting State Attentional Network Connectivity in Adolescent and Young Adult Cannabis Users following Two-Weeks of Monitored Abstinence ↗ · 2022 · Harris, Julia C. et al. · indexed
  195. THC:CBD Spray and MS Spasticity Symptoms: Data from Latest Studies ↗ · 2014 · Rekand, Tiina · indexed