polydrug

Combined-substance impairment: two or more drugs, or alcohol plus a drug, acting together (e.g., ethanol with benzodiazepines, cannabis with opioids), and the additive or synergistic interaction effects on driving. Defined by the COMBINATION itself, distinct from every single-substance tag — alcohol, cannabis, opioids, illicit_drugs, prescription_meds — which each address one agent in isolation.

474 paper(s) · ranked by relevance to this topic

1. The Combined Effects of Alcohol and Benzodiazepines on Driving-Related Neurocognitive Skills: A Systematic Review ↗ · 2021 · Aitken, Blair et al. · indexed
2. The combined effects of alcohol and cannabis on driving: Impact on crash risk ↗ · 2014 · Dubois, Sacha et al. · indexed
3. Real-World Driving Behavior, Performance, and Risk Following Alcohol and Cannabis Use in Habitual Cannabis Users ↗ · 2026 · Jain, Sparsh et al. · indexed
4. State of Knowledge of Drug-Impaired Driving · 2003 · Jones, R. K. (Ralph K.) et al. · archived
5. A Simulator Study of the Combined Effects of Alcohol and Marihuana on Driving Behavior–Phase II · 1983 · Stein, A. C. et al. · archived
6. Marijuana, Alcohol and Actual Driving Performance · 1999 · Robbe, Hindrik W. J. et al. · archived
7. Marijuana, alcohol and actual driving performance · 2000 · Ramaekers, Johannes G. et al. · archived
8. The effects of cannabis and alcohol on simulated driving: Influences of dose and experience ↗ · 2012 · Downey, Luke A. et al. · indexed
9. The effects of cannabis and alcohol on driving performance and driver behaviour: a systematic review and meta‐analysis · 2022 · Simmons, Sarah M. et al. · archived
10. Risky Driving Behaviors of Drivers Who Use Alcohol and Cannabis ↗ · 2021 · Kelley-Baker, Tara et al. · indexed
11. Drugs and Driving: A Research Review · 1977 · Joscelyn, Kent B. et al. · archived
12. Visual Search and Urban City Driving under the Influence of Marijuana and Alcohol · 2000 · Lamers, C. T. J. et al. · archived
13. The effect of alcohol, THC and their combination on perceived effects, willingness to drive and performance of driving and non-driving tasks ↗ · 2010 · Ronen, Adi et al. · indexed
14. Drugged Driving Expert Panel Report: A Consensus Protocol for Assessing the Potential of Drugs to Impair Driving · 2011 · Logan, Barry K. et al. · archived
15. The effects of cannabis and alcohol on simulated arterial driving: Influences of driving experience and task demand ↗ · 2010 · Lenné, Michael G. et al. · indexed
16. Use of Controlled Substances and Highway Safety: A Report to Congress · 1988 · Compton, Richard P. · archived
17. Combating the drug-impaired driver : a prescription for safer highways. · 1985 · Paltell, Eric et al. · archived
18. A review of drug use and driving: epidemiology, impairment, risk factors and risk perceptions ↗ · 2004 · KELLY, ERIN et al. · indexed
19. Cannabis (Marijuana) - Effects on Human Performance and Behavior. ↗ · 2002 · Huestis, Marilyn A. · indexed
20. Drug Impaired Driving : Understanding the Problem and Ways to Reduce It (a Report to Congress) · 2009 · Compton, R. et al. · archived
21. Cannabis Effects on Driving Skills ↗ · 2012 · Hartman, Rebecca L. et al. · indexed
22. Countermeasures Against Prescription and Over-the-Counter Drug-Impaired Driving · 2018 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
23. Drugs and Driving: Information Needs and Research Requirements · 1979 · Joscelyn, Kent B. et al. · archived
24. Blood alcohol analysis alone versus comprehensive toxicological analysis – Systematic investigation of missed co-ingested other drugs in suspected alcohol-impaired drivers ↗ · 2016 · Steuer, Andrea E. et al. · indexed
25. Evaluating Drugged Driving: Effects of Pain and Anxiety Medications · 2017 · Gaffney, Gary R. et al. · archived
26. Rapid review of experimental studies on alcohol and cannabis use and simulated driving behaviour: What can we learn about study methods? ↗ · 2025 · Buckley, Lisa et al. · indexed
27. THE EFFECTS OF MARIJUANA AND ALCOHOL ON ACTUAL DRIVING PERFORMANCE ↗ · 1986 · Peck, Raymond C. et al. · indexed
28. Marijuana, Other Drugs and Their Relation to Highway Safety: A Report to Congress [1979] · 1979 · NHTSA · archived
29. Retrospective Event-Level Patterns of Cannabis-Impaired Driving: A Brief Report ↗ · 2025 · Teeters, Jenni et al. · indexed
30. Increased collision risk among drivers who report driving after using alcohol and after using cannabis · 2014 · Sayer, Gillian et al. · archived
31. Marijuana, Other Drugs and Their Relation to Highway Safety: A Report to Congress [1980] · 1980 · NHTSA · archived
32. Effects of Alcohol and Other Drugs on Driver Performance ↗ · 2004 · Ogden, Edward et al. · indexed
33. The Incidence of Driving under the Influence of Drugs 1985: An Update of the State of Knowledge · 1985 · Compton, Richard P. et al. · archived
34. Effects of stimulant drugs on actual and simulated driving: perspectives from four experimental studies conducted as part of the DRUID research consortium · 2012 · Ramaekers, Johannes G. et al. · archived
35. Interaction between benzodiazepines and prescription opioids on incidence of hard braking events in older drivers ↗ · 2023 · Liang, Zipei et al. · indexed
36. Benzodiazepines, opioids and driving: An overview of the experimental research ↗ · 2011 · LEUNG, STEFANIE Y. · indexed
37. The effects of psychoactive prescription drugs on driving. ↗ · 2017 · Beirness, DJ · indexed
38. Alcohol and Alcohol Combined with Texting: Evaluation of Driving Impairment Effects in a Closed-Course Section ↗ · 2022 · da Costa, Bruno Ruiz Brandão et al. · indexed
39. Effects of Drugs and Alcohol on Driver Performance · 1972 · Case, H. W. et al. · archived
40. Braking Performance of Drivers under the Influence of Alcohol and Cannabis ↗ · 1980 · Attwood, Dennis et al. · indexed
41. Psychoactive substance use and the risk of motor vehicle accidents ↗ · 2003 · Movig, Kris L. L. et al. · indexed
42. Cannabis, Impaired Driving, and Road Safety: An Overview of Key Questions and Issues · 2021 · Brands, Bruna et al. · archived
43. Drug Use and Highway Safety: A Review of the Literature · 1971 · Nichols, James L. · archived
44. Drugs and Highway Safety 1980 · 1980 · Joscelyn, Kent B. et al. · archived
45. Is cannabis a slippery slope? Associations between psychological dysfunctioning, other substance use, and impaired driving, in a sample of active cannabis users · 2024 · Love, Steven et al. · archived
46. Crash-involved THC-positive drivers in Norway have a high frequency of polysubstance use ↗ · 2023 · Gjerde, Hallvard · indexed
47. The Culture of Driving under the Influence of Cannabis and Alcohol in Washington State ↗ · 2020 · Otto, Jay et al. · indexed
48. Countermeasures That Work – Drug-Impaired Driving [Traffic Tech] · 2021 · Smither, Dereece D. · archived
49. Marijuana and Driving in Real-Life Situations ↗ · 1974 · Klonoff, Harry · indexed
50. Review of Technology to Prevent Alcohol-and-Drug Impaired Crashes: Update · 2024 · Pollard, John K. et al. · archived
51. The Incidence and Role of Drugs in Fatally Injured Drivers · 1992 · Terhune, K. W. et al. · archived
52. Driving impairment and altered ocular activity under the effects of alprazolam and alcohol: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study ↗ · 2023 · Aitken, Blair · indexed
53. Alcohol, Drugs, and Driving · 1974 · Perrine, M. W. · archived
54. The Incidence and Role of Drugs in Fatally Injured Drivers · 2008 · Terhune, Kenneth W. et al. · archived
55. Driving Under the Influence of Non-Alcohol Drugs--An Update Part I: Epidemiological Studies. ↗ · 2015 · Gjerde, Hallvard et al. · indexed
56. Empirical Profiles of Alcohol and Marijuana Use, Drugged Driving, and Risk Perceptions · 2017 · Arterberry, Brooke J. et al. · archived
57. Drugs, driving and the law : a report to the governor and General Assembly of Virginia. · 1973 · Lorman, Alvin J · archived
58. Simulated driving performance following prolonged wakefulness and alcohol consumption: separate and combined contributions to impairment ↗ · 2000 · Arnedt, J. Todd et al. · indexed
59. Report of an International Symposium on Drugs and Driving · 1975 · Joscelyn, Kent B. et al. · archived
60. Schedule II Opioids and Stimulants & CMV Crash Risk and Driver Performance: Evidence Report and Systematic Review · 2014 · Brittle, Christine et al. · archived
61. Correlates of cannabinoid concentrations, real-world driving, and driving-related skills ↗ · 2018 · Johnson, Mark B. · indexed
62. Problematic substance use and implications for road safety: An investigation on psychological dysfunction and risky driving styles · 2024 · Love, Steven et al. · archived
63. Overview of Major Issues Regarding the Impacts of Alcohol and Marijuana on Driving · 2016 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
64. Drug driving, sedation, reaction time and blood levels: a prescriber’s approach to the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 ↗ · 2025 · van Oeveren, Marleen et al. · indexed
65. Effects of prescribed medical cannabis and alcohol on real-world driving performance (CAN-TRACK): a study protocol for a two-phase trial ↗ · 2026 · Arkell, Thomas R. et al. · indexed
66. MDMA and alcohol effects, combined and alone, on objective and subjective measures of actual driving performance and psychomotor function ↗ · 2006 · Kuypers, Kim P. C. et al. · indexed
67. The Role of Alcohol, Marijuana, and Other Drugs in the Accidents of Injured Drivers. Volume 1, Findings · 1982 · Terhune, K. W. · archived
68. Drugs and Human Performance Fact Sheets: 2024 · 2024 · Couper, Fiona J. et al. · archived
69. Key Information for Cannabis and DUIC Policy · 2019 · Ward, Nicholas J. et al. · archived
70. Prescription medication use and crash risk: taking responsibility for a new global challenge ↗ · 2021 · Downey, Luke A et al. · indexed
71. Marijuana-Impaired Driving - A Report to Congress · 2017 · Compton, Richard P. · archived
72. A Pilot Study to Test Multiple Medication Usage and Driving Functioning · 2008 · Staplin, L. K. et al. · archived
73. Drug Research Methodology. Volume 5, Experimentation in Drugs and Highway Safety: The Study of Drug Effects on Skills Related to Driving · 1980 · Joscelyn, Kent B. et al. · archived
74. Comparison of the effects of alcohol and cannabis on visual function and driving performance. Does the visual impairment affect driving? ↗ · 2022 · Ortiz-Peregrina, Sonia et al. · indexed
75. Drugged driving in Louisiana: quantification of its impact on public health and implications for legislation, enforcement, and prosecution : final report. · 2017 · Schneider, Helmut et al. · archived
76. Drug Interaction on Driving Skills as Evaluated by Laboratory Tests and by a Driving Simulator ↗ · 1973 · Linnoila, M. et al. · indexed
77. Separate and combined effects of marijuana and alcohol on mood, equilibrium and simulated driving ↗ · 2002 · Liguori, Anthony et al. · indexed
78. Drug Research Methodology. Volume 1, the Alcohol-Highway Safety Experience and Its Applicability to Other Drugs · 1980 · Donelson, Alan C. et al. · archived
79. Driving high: a study of student driving behaviours and attitudes towards marijuana use and driving · 2018 · Porath-Waller, Amy · archived
80. Driving under the Influence of Cannabis or Alcohol in a Cohort of High-frequency Cannabis Users: Prevalence and Reflections on Current Interventions ↗ · 2011 · McGuire, Fraser et al. · indexed
81. Evidence Report: Licit Schedule II Drug Use and Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Safety (Comprehensive Review) · 2006 · NHTSA · archived
82. Drugged Driving in Louisiana: Quantification of Its Impact on Public Health and Implications for Legislation, Enforcement and Prosecution · 2015 · Schneider, Helmut et al. · archived
83. The Role Alcohol, Marijuana and Other Drugs in the Accidents of Injured Drivers [Conference Paper] · 1982 · Terhune, K. W. et al. · archived
84. Drugs and Driving: A Selected Bibliography: Supplement One · 1978 · Joscelyn, Kent B. et al. · archived
85. SAM Survey on “Drugs and Fatal Accidents”: Search of Substances Consumed and Comparison between Drivers Involved under the Influence of Alcohol or Cannabis ↗ · 2008 · Biecheler, Marie-Berthe et al. · indexed
86. I107. OPIOIDS AND DRIVING ↗ · 2017 · Searle, Rob · indexed
87. A Framework for “Driving Under the Influenceof Drugs” Policy for the Opioid Using Driver ↗ · 2012 · Wilhelmi, Brian G. · indexed
88. A Simulator Dataset to Support the Study of Impaired Driving · 2025 · Gideon, John et al. · archived
89. Driving by frequent cannabis users 'the morning after' last use of smoked cannabis: an observational driving simulator study. · 2026 · Zakala, C et al. · archived
90. Drug findings in ‘driving under the influence of drugs’ cases: A problem of illicit drug use ↗ · 1987 · Poklis, Alphonse et al. · indexed
91. Visual search and urban driving under the influence of marijuana and alcohol ↗ · 2001 · Lamers, C. T. J. et al. · indexed
92. Cannabidiol (CBD) content in vaporized cannabis does not prevent tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-induced impairment of driving and cognition · 2019 · Arkell, Thomas R. et al. · archived
93. Dexamphetamine and Alcohol Effects in Simulated Driving and Cognitive Task Performance ↗ · 2011 · Martens, Marieke et al. · indexed
94. The Study of Possible Influences of Licit and Illicit Drugs on Driver Behavior · 1971 · Berg, S. William et al. · archived
95. Alcohol and Drug Prevalence Among Seriously or Fatally Injured Road Users · 2022 · Thomas, F. D. et al. · archived
96. Characteristics of crash-involved drink and drug car drivers and motorcyclists ↗ · 2022 · Baldock, Matthew · indexed
97. Differential effects of stimulant versus opiate drugs on driving performance ↗ · 2020 · Tabibi, Zahra et al. · indexed
98. Review of Selected 2-Phenylethylamine Derivatives and Opioids, Systematic Review of Their Effects on Psychomotor Abilities and Driving Performance: Psychopharmacology in the Context of Road Safety ↗ · 2025 · Żełabowski, Kacper et al. · indexed
99. Deterring driving under the influence of cannabis ↗ · 2015 · Huestis, Marilyn A. · indexed
100. Effects of MDMA (ecstasy), and multiple drugs use on (simulated) driving performance and traffic safety ↗ · 2004 · Brookhuis, Karel et al. · indexed
101. PERCEPTION OF RISK AND DRIVING UNDER THE EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL AND MARIJUANA ON UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN A MULTICENTER STUDY: COLOMBIA ↗ · 2019 · Moncaleano, Juan David et al. · indexed
102. Driving impairment due to sleepiness is exacerbated by low alcohol intake ↗ · 2003 · Horne, James A. et al. · indexed
103. Alcohol, drugs, and impairment in fatal traffic accidents in British Columbia ↗ · 1995 · Mercer, G. William et al. · indexed
104. Effects of alcohol (BAC 0.5‰) and ecstasy (MDMA 100 mg) on simulated driving performance and traffic safety ↗ · 2011 · Veldstra, Janet L. et al. · indexed
105. Drug and Alcohol Crash Risk [Traffic Safety Facts]: Research Note · 2015 · Compton, Richard P. et al. · archived
106. THE PREVALENCE AND ROLE OF ALCOHOL, CANNABINOIDS, BENZODIAZEPINES AND STIMULANTS IN NON-FATAL CRASHES ↗ · 1998 · Hunter, Christine E. et al. · indexed
107. Driver Behavior Post-Cannabis Consumption—A Driving Simulator Study in Collaboration with Montgomery County, Maryland · 2023 · Banerjee, Snehanshu et al. · archived
108. 2013–2014 National Roadside Study of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers: Drug Results · 2017 · Kelley-Baker, Tara et al. · archived
109. Impact of cannabis and low alcohol concentration on divided attention tasks during driving ↗ · 2020 · Miller, Ryan E. et al. · indexed
110. Alcohol and Drug Prevalence Among Seriously or Fatally Injured Road Users [Traffic Tech] · 2022 · Berning, Amy · archived
111. Drug and Alcohol Crash Risk: A Case-Control Study · 2016 · Lacey, John H. et al. · archived
112. Cannabis, alcohol and other drug findings in fatally injured drivers in Ontario ↗ · 2020 · Beirness, D J et al. · indexed
113. Is driving under the influence of cannabis becoming a greater risk to driver safety than drink driving? Findings from a longitudinal study ↗ · 2008 · Fergusson, David M. et al. · indexed
114. Drugs and Traffic Crash Responsibility: A Study of Injured Motorists in Colorado ↗ · 2001 · Lowenstein, Steven R. et al. · indexed
115. Alcohol and illicit substances associated with fatal crashes in Queensland: An examination of the 2011 to 2015 Coroner’s findings ↗ · 2020 · Davey, Jeremy D. et al. · indexed
116. Prevalence of Impairing Substance Use in Injured Drivers ↗ · 2025 · Brubacher, Jeffrey R. · indexed
117. Effects of prolonged wakefulness combined with alcohol and hands-free cell phone divided attention tasks on simulated driving ↗ · 2005 · Iudice, A. et al. · indexed
118. Drugs in fatally injured young male drivers · 1985 · Williams, A F et al. · archived
119. Multiple Medications and Vehicle Crashes: Analysis of Databases · 2008 · LeRoy, Aida A. et al. · archived
120. Divided attention performance of cannabis users and non-users following cannabis and alcohol ↗ · 1975 · MacAvoy, Michael G. et al. · indexed
121. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, pilot study of cannabis-related driving impairment assessed by driving simulator and self-report ↗ · 2025 · Meda, Shashwath A et al. · indexed
122. Drugs and Human Performance Fact Sheets [2014] · 2014 · Couper, Fiona J. et al. · archived
123. The Problem of “Driving while Stoned” Demands an Aggressive Public Policy Response ↗ · 2018 · Larkin, Paul J. · indexed
124. Acute methamphetamine and alcohol usage alters gaze behaviour during driving: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study ↗ · 2024 · Hayley, Amie C et al. · indexed
125. Drugs, driving, and models to measure driving impairment ↗ · 2009 · Owens, Katherine et al. · indexed
126. Medications and Impaired Driving ↗ · 2014 · Hetland, Amanda et al. · indexed
127. Drugs and Human Performance Fact Sheets [2004] · 2004 · Couper, Fiona J. et al. · archived
128. Alcohol & drug use among drivers : British Columbia roadside survey 2008 · 2009 · Beirness, Douglas J. et al. · archived
129. Study design to evaluate a web-intervention to prevent alcohol and cannabis-impaired driving and use among adolescents in driver education ↗ · 2023 · Osilla, Karen Chan et al. · indexed
130. MEDICINES AND DRIVER FITNESS: FINDINGS FROM A METAANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES AS BASIC INFORMATION TO PATIENTS, PHYSICIANS AND EXPERTS ↗ · 1995 · Berghaus, G et al. · indexed
131. An analysis of current Virginia statutes relating to driving under the influence of drugs. · 1972 · Ames, W. Allen · archived
132. Marijuana and Actual Driving Performance · 1993 · Robbe, Hindrik W.J. et al. · archived
133. Young Adult Alcohol and Cannabis Impaired Driving After the Opening of Cannabis Retail Stores in Washington State · 2024 · Hultgren, Brittney A. · archived
134. Results of the 2013–2014 National Roadside Study of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers [Traffic Safety Facts] · 2017 · Berning, Amy et al. · archived
135. Drugs and Driving: A Selected Bibliography: Supplement 2 · 1980 · Veldkamp, Mary B. et al. · archived
136. Marijuana, Other Drugs, and Alcohol Use by Drivers in Washington State · 2016 · Ramirez, Anthony et al. · archived
137. Antidepressants and Driver Impairment ↗ · 2003 · Ramaekers, Johannes G. · indexed
138. Results of the 2013–2014 National Roadside Study of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers [Traffic Safety Facts] · 2015 · Berning, Amy et al. · archived
139. Behavioral Effects of Driver Distraction and Alcohol Impairment ↗ · 2005 · Rakauskas, Michael et al. · indexed
140. Effects of Legalization of Marijuana on Traffic: Transportation Research Synthesis · 2024 · NHTSA · archived
141. Marijuana and Actual Driving Performance · 1993 · Robbe, Hindrik W. J. et al. · archived
142. A State-by-State Analysis of Laws Dealing with Driving under the Influence of Drugs · 2009 · Walsh, J. Michael · archived
143. Driving under the influence of cannabis: Links with dangerous driving, psychological predictors, and accident involvement ↗ · 2009 · Richer, Isabelle et al. · indexed
144. The prevalence of alcohol use and risky driving practises among individuals who consume sedatives nonmedically: findings from the NESARC-III ↗ · 2022 · Aitken, Blair et al. · indexed
145. Interactions between sleepiness and moderate alcohol intake in drivers ↗ · 2006 · Horne, James A. et al. · indexed
146. Investigating the Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Manual and Automated Driving: A Systematic Review · 2024 · Dong, Miaomiao et al. · archived
147. Simplifying the Process for Identifying Drug Combinations by Drug Recognition Experts ↗ · 2010 · Porath-Waller, Amy J. et al. · indexed
148. Relationships between frequency of driving under the influence of cannabis, self-reported reckless driving and risk-taking behavior observed in a driving simulator ↗ · 2014 · Bergeron, Jacques et al. · indexed
149. Tolerance and cross-tolerance to neurocognitive effects of THC and alcohol in heavy cannabis users · 2010 · Ramaekers, Johannes G. et al. · archived
150. PERCEPTION OF RISK AND BEHAVIORS ASSOCIATED WITH DRIVING UNDER THE EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL AND MARIJUANA ON UNIVERSITY STUDENTS OF VENEZUELA · 2019 · Amesty, Elvia et al. · archived
151. Determining the magnitude and duration of acute Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC)-induced driving and cognitive impairment: A systematic and meta-analytic review · 2021 · McCartney, Danielle et al. · archived
152. Do Drowsy Driver Drugs Differ? ↗ · 2015 · Brown, Timothy et al. · indexed
153. Dose related risk of motor vehicle crashes after cannabis use ↗ · 2003 · Ramaekers, Johannes G. et al. · indexed
154. A systematic review of factors associated with illegal drug driving ↗ · 2022 · Hasan, Razi et al. · indexed
155. CDOT Cognitive Roadside Device Evaluation Study · 2023 · Lyon, Craig et al. · archived
156. Driving Under the Influence, Public Policy, and Pharmacy Practice ↗ · 2014 · Sigona, Nicholas et al. · indexed
157. Drugs and driving ↗ · 2006 · Gull, David G et al. · indexed
158. Drug Effects on Driving Performance ↗ · 2000 · de Waard, Dick et al. · indexed
159. Clustering Roadway Departures from Impaired Driving Studies using Derived Features and Shape-Based Methods ↗ · 2026 · Miller, Ryan et al. · indexed
160. The role of alcohol, marijuana, and other drugs in the accidents of injured drivers ↗ · 1982 · Terhune, Kenneth W. et al. · indexed
161. Risk Factors for Driving After and During Marijuana Use · 2016 · Aston, Elizabeth R. et al. · archived
162. Drivers can poorly predict their own driving impairment: a comparison between measurements of subjective and objective driving quality · 2011 · Verster, Joris C. et al. · archived
163. Young adult impaired driving behaviors and perceived norms of driving under the influence of simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use · 2024 · Hultgren, Brittney A. · archived
164. Advancing Drugged Driving Data at the State Level: Synthesis of Barriers and Expert Panel Recommendations · 2016 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
165. Alcohol, Thioridazine and Chlorpromazine Effects on Skills Related to Driving Behaviour ↗ · 1971 · Milner, Gerald et al. · indexed
166. Driving under the influence of substances and motor vehicle fatalities among older adults in the United States ↗ · 2023 · Kedia, Satish et al. · indexed
167. A Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use Among Drivers in British Columbia ↗ · 2010 · Beirness, Douglas J. et al. · indexed
168. Letter to the Editor and Reply on: “Drugs and Driving,” Traffic Injury Prevention, 5:241 − 253, 2004 ↗ · 2005 · Asbridge, Mark · indexed
169. Effects of dexamphetamine with and without alcohol on simulated driving ↗ · 2011 · Simons, Ries et al. · indexed
170. Drug and Alcohol Prevalence in Seriously and Fatally Injured Road Users Before and During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency · 2020 · Thomas, F. Dennis et al. · archived
171. Cannabis and crash responsibility while driving below the alcohol per se legal limit ↗ · 2017 · Romano, Eduardo et al. · indexed
172. Effects Of Moderate Sleep Deprivation and Low-Dose Alcohol On Driving Simulator Performance and Perception In Young Men ↗ · 2007 · Vakulin, Andrew et al. · indexed
173. The effects of β-myrcene on simulated driving and divided attention: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover pilot study ↗ · 2023 · Johnson, Mark B. et al. · indexed
174. Effects of alcohol and other psychotropic drugs on eye movements: relevance to traffic safety. ↗ · 1986 · Stapleton, John et al. · indexed
175. An Evaluation of Data from Drivers Arrested for Driving Under the Influence in Relation to Per se Limits for Cannabis · 2016 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
176. Driving after Drug or Alcohol Use: Findings from the 1996 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse · 1998 · Townsend, Tara N. et al. · archived
177. Cycling-related crash risk and the role of cannabis and alcohol: a case-crossover study · 2014 · Asbridge, Mark et al. · archived
178. Development and Validation of Messaging to Deter Cannabis Impaired Driving · 2025 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
179. The Effects of Fatigue and Alcohol on Highway Safety · 1981 · Ryder, Joan M. et al. · archived
180. Effects of alcohol intoxication goggles (fatal vision goggles) with a concurrent cognitive task on simulated driving performance · 2019 · Irwin, Christopher et al. · archived
181. The effects of cannabis intoxication on motor vehicle collision revisited and revised · 2016 · Røgeberg, Ole et al. · archived
182. An Open-Road Driving Performance Task to Examine Long-Term Medical Marijuana Use and Prescription Opioid Positivity Among Adults Aged 50 Years and Older: Protocol for an Observational Trial (Preprint) ↗ · 2025 · Ennis, Nicole et al. · indexed
183. Medication use and driving patterns in older drivers: preliminary findings from the LongROAD study · 2020 · Hill, Linda L. et al. · archived
184. A scoping review of motor vehicle operator performance assessments for benzodiazepine receptor agonists ↗ · 2024 · Murphy, Andrea et al. · indexed
185. Drinking and driving: A systematic review of the impacts of alcohol consumption on manual and automated driving performance ↗ · 2024 · Dong, Miaomiao et al. · indexed
186. Colorado drugged driving prevalence and impaired driving conviction rates: Effects of impaired driving definitions and a 5-nanogram limit for delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol ↗ · 2024 · Wood, Edward C. · indexed
187. Brain-behavior relationships of simulated naturalistic automobile driving under the influence of acute cannabis intoxication: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study ↗ · 2022 · Meda, Shashwath et al. · indexed
188. Drugs and Driving ↗ · 2004 · WALSH, J. MICHAEL et al. · indexed
189. Advancing Drugged Driving Data at the State Level: State-by-State Assessment · 2018 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
190. Cannabis legalization and driving under the influence of cannabis and driving under the influence of alcohol among adult and adolescent drivers in Ontario, Canada (2001–2019) ↗ · 2023 · Imtiaz, Sameer et al. · indexed
191. The involvement of drugs in drivers of motor vehicles killed in Australian road traffic crashes ↗ · 2004 · Drummer, Olaf H. et al. · indexed
192. Drug-Impaired Driving Data Collection: Report to Congress · 2024 · Atkins, Randolph G. et al. · archived
193. On the High Road: Driving Under the Influence of Cannabis in Ontario ↗ · 1999 · Walsh, Gordon et al. · indexed
194. How to measure driving ability under the influence of alcohol and drugs, and why ↗ · 1998 · Brookhuis, K. · indexed
195. Drug driving among injecting drug users in Sydney, Australia: prevalence, risk factors and risk perceptions ↗ · 2004 · Darke, Shane et al. · indexed
196. The impact of medicinal drugs on traffic safety: a systematic review of epidemiological studies ↗ · 2009 · Orriols, Ludivine et al. · indexed
197. Identifying factors that predict persistent driving after drinking, unsafe driving after drinking, and driving after using cannabis among young adults ↗ · 2003 · Begg, Dorothy J. et al. · indexed
198. Use of Potentially Impairing Medications in Relation to Driving, United States, 2021 · 2022 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
199. Role of Cannabis in Motor Vehicle Crashes ↗ · 1999 · Bates, Michael et al. · indexed
200. Alcohol and drug use among motor vehicle collision victims admitted to a regional trauma unit: demographic, injury, and crash characteristics ↗ · 1993 · Stoduto, Gina et al. · indexed
201. Effects of Opioids on Driving Ability ↗ · 2000 · Galski, Thomas et al. · indexed
202. Opioid dependence and driving ability: a review in the context of proposed legislative change in Victoria ↗ · 2000 · LENNÉ, MICHAEL G. et al. · indexed
203. Road traffic crash characteristics of drivers who take prescription medicines that carry a risk to driving · 2020 · Lu, Li et al. · archived
204. The impact of therapeutic opioid agonists on driving-related psychomotor skills assessed by a driving simulator or an on-road driving task: A systematic review ↗ · 2018 · Ferreira, Diana H et al. · indexed
205. Longitudinal Effects of Acute Cannabis Exposure on Automobile Driving Behavior in a Naturalistic Simulated Environment · 2021 · Meda, Shashwath et al. · archived
206. Protocol for the REVELIO test-track pilot study: a randomised, controlled, single-centre trial in healthy recreational cannabis users investigating real-time in-vehicle detection of cannabis-impaired driving ↗ · 2026 · Deuber, Robin et al. · indexed
207. Exploring the Predictive Validity of Drug Evaluation and Classification Program Evaluations [Traffic Tech] · 2021 · Porath-Waller, Amy et al. · archived
208. 18-0054_AAAFTS Older Driver Marijuana Brief_v5-6 TABLE 2 · 2018 · Lohoni, M. et al. · archived
209. Self-Reported Opioid Use and Driving Outcomes among Older Adults: The AAA LongROAD Study · 2020 · Betz, Marian E. et al. · archived
210. Quantifying truck crash risk under the combined effects of multi-type aberrant driving behaviors: Two probabilistic approaches ↗ · 2025 · Baikejuli, Muladi et al. · indexed
211. Driving and cannabis use: a questionnaire about knowledge and behaviors after the legalization of recreational cannabis in California · 2025 · Baird, Sara et al. · archived
212. Attitudes and Experiences of People Who Use Cannabis and Drive: implications for drugs and driving legislation in Victoria, Australia ↗ · 2001 · G. Lenné, Craig L.M. Fry, Paul Diet, Michael · indexed
213. Alcohol Experiments on Driving-Related Behavior: A Review of the 1972–1973 Literature–Alcohol Countermeasures Literature Review · 1974 · Perrine, M. W. · archived
214. Survey on Driver Behaviour Alcohol and Drug ↗ · 1973 · Havard, J.D.J. · indexed
215. The acute effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and methamphetamine on driving: A simulator study ↗ · 2012 · Stough, Con et al. · indexed
216. Results of the 2007 National Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers [Traffic Safety Facts] · 2009 · Compton, Richard et al. · archived
217. Divided attention performance in cannabis users and non-users following alcohol and cannabis separately and in combination ↗ · 1989 · Marks, David F. et al. · indexed
218. Effects of alcohol on automated and controlled driving performances · 2013 · Berthelon, Catherine et al. · archived
219. Driving under the influence of cannabis, alcohol, and illicit drugs among adults in the United States from 2016 to 2020 ↗ · 2023 · Myers, Matthew · indexed
220. Driving under the influence of opioids among high school students in Atlantic Canada: Prevalence, correlates, and the role of medical versus recreational consumption ↗ · 2015 · Asbridge, Mark et al. · indexed
221. The Effect of Marihuana Dosage on Driver Performance · 1973 · Moskowitz, Herbert, 1925- et al. · archived
222. Drivers’ Use of Marijuana in Washington State [Traffic Tech] · 2016 · NHTSA · archived
223. Driving after use of alcohol and marijuana in college students. ↗ · 2007 · McCarthy, Denis M. et al. · indexed
224. Driving Performance of Drug-Impaired Bus Drivers in Work Zone Areas ↗ · 2011 · Deits, Chris et al. · indexed
225. Drug driving: a secondary analysis of factors associated with driving under the influence of cannabis in Jamaica ↗ · 2024 · Lalwani, Kunal et al. · indexed
226. Effects of psychotropic drugs on ocular parameters relevant to traffic safety: A systematic review ↗ · 2022 · Arkell, Thomas R. et al. · indexed
227. Predicting psychopharmacological drug effects on actual driving performance (SDLP) from psychometric tests measuring driving-related skills · 2011 · Verster, Joris C. et al. · archived
228. Road traffic crashes and prescribed methadone and buprenorphine: A french registry-based case–control study · 2012 · Corsenac, Philippe et al. · archived
229. Driver monitoring systems (DMS): The future of impaired driving management? ↗ · 2021 · Hayley, Amie C. et al. · indexed
230. Effect of Cannabidiol and Δ⁹-Tetrahydrocannabinol on Driving Performance ↗ · 2020 · Arkell, Thomas R. et al. · indexed
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233. The effects of energy drink in combination with alcohol on performance and subjective awareness · 2012 · Alford, Chris et al. · archived
234. Alcohol and marijuana use while driving--an unexpected crash risk in Pakistani commercial drivers: a cross-sectional survey ↗ · 2012 · Mir, Mohammed Umer et al. · indexed
235. Cannabis and traffic collision risk: findings from a case-crossover study of injured drivers presenting to emergency departments · 2013 · Asbridge, Mark et al. · archived
236. Ethanol‐Induced CNS depression and divided attention ↗ · 1995 · Millar, S. A. et al. · indexed
237. Examination of Cannabis Users’ Perceptions and Self-Reported Behaviors to Inform Messaging to Deter Impaired Driving · 2025 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
238. Effects of alcohol intoxication on driving performance, confidence in driving ability, and psychomotor function: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study · 2022 · Garrisson, Harriet et al. · archived
239. “I drove after drinking alcohol” and other risky driving behaviours reported by young novice drivers · 2014 · Scott‐Parker, Bridie et al. · archived
240. Drug Use among Drivers · 1975 · Glauz, William D. et al. · archived
241. Sleepiness and Ethanol Effects on Simulated Driving ↗ · 1994 · Roehrs, Timothy et al. · indexed
242. Identification and Testing of Countermeasures for Specific Alcohol Accident Types and Problems. Volume 2, General Driver Alcohol Problem · 1984 · Ranney, Thomas A. et al. · archived
243. Self-reported driving behaviour and attitudes towards driving under the influence of cannabis among three different user groups in England ↗ · 2004 · Terry, Philip et al. · indexed
244. Effects of Smoking Cannabis on Visual Function and Driving Performance. A Driving-Simulator Based Study ↗ · 2020 · Ortiz-Peregrina, Sonia et al. · indexed
245. Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol and Marijuana: Beliefs and Behaviors, United States, 2013-2015 · 2016 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
246. Alcohol- or drug-use disorders and motor vehicle accident mortality: A retrospective cohort study ↗ · 2013 · Callaghan, Russell C. et al. · indexed
247. The effects of the opioid pharmacotherapies methadone, LAAM and buprenorphine, alone and in combination with alcohol, on simulated driving ↗ · 2003 · Lenné, Michael G. et al. · indexed
248. Alcohol Effects on Driver Risk Taking ↗ · 1978 · Allen, R. Wade et al. · indexed
249. Marijuana-Using Drivers, Alcohol-Using Drivers, and Their Passengers ↗ · 2014 · Whitehill, Jennifer M. et al. · indexed
250. Analgesics and road traffic crashes in senior drivers: An epidemiological review and explorative meta-analysis on opioids ↗ · 2013 · Monárrez-Espino, Joel et al. · indexed
251. Cannabis use and driving-related performance in young recreational users: a within-subject randomized clinical trial ↗ · 2018 · Ogourtsova, Tatiana et al. · indexed
252. Acute Alcohol Impairment Research in Driving Simulators ↗ · 2011 · Creaser, Janet et al. · indexed
253. Thirty Years of Dutch Drugs and Driving Research: Strengths and Limitations of the On-The-Road Highway Driving Test and Future Challenges ↗ · 2012 · C. Verster, Joris et al. · indexed
254. A comprehensive systematic review of the laboratory-based research investigating the influence of alcohol on driving behaviour ↗ · 2021 · Yadav, Ankit Kumar et al. · indexed
255. Estimating Cannabis Involvement in Fatal Crashes in Washington State Before and After the Legalization of Recreational Cannabis Consumption Using Multiple Imputation of Missing Values ↗ · 2021 · Tefft, Brian C et al. · indexed
256. Medicinal Δ⁹‐tetrahydrocannabinol (dronabinol) impairs on‐the‐road driving performance of occasional and heavy cannabis users but is not detected in <scp>S</scp>tandard <scp>F</scp>ield <scp>S</scp>obriety <scp>T</scp>ests ↗ · 2012 · Bosker, Wendy M. et al. · indexed
257. Alcohol effects on driver performance under conditions of divided attention ↗ · 1980 · BREWER, N. et al. · indexed
258. Alcohol impairs driver attention and prevents compensatory strategies · 2023 · Ahlstrom, Christer · archived
259. Cannabis Use Among Drivers Suspected of Driving Under the Influence or Involved in Collisions: Analysis of Washington State Patrol Data · 2016 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
260. Marijuana Use in Older Drivers in Colorado: A LongROAD Study · 2018 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety et al. · archived
261. Alcohol and Highway Safety: A Bibliography · 1976 · Flynn, Lois · archived
262. Acute cannabis consumption and motor vehicle collision risk: systematic review of observational studies and meta-analysis ↗ · 2012 · Asbridge, Mark et al. · indexed
263. The incidence of drugs in drivers killed in Australian road traffic crashes ↗ · 2003 · Drummer, Olaf H. et al. · indexed
264. Driving Simulator Performance After Administration of Analgesic Doses of Ketamine With Dexmedetomidine or Fentanyl ↗ · 2019 · Hayley, Amie C. et al. · indexed
265. Effects of THC on driving performance, physiological state and subjective feelings relative to alcohol ↗ · 2007 · Ronen, Adi et al. · indexed
266. Test Drives in the Daimler-Benz Driving Simulator with Drivers under Diazepam · 1990 · Friedel, B. et al. · archived
267. Driving Performance and Cannabis Users’ Perception of Safety ↗ · 2022 · Marcotte, Thomas D. et al. · indexed
268. The Relation Between the Use of Psychoactive Substances and the Severity of the Injury in a Group of Crash-Involved Drivers Admitted to a Regional Trauma Center · 2008 · Smink, B. E. et al. · archived
269. Drug Use by Tractor-Trailer Drivers ↗ · 1988 · Lund, A K et al. · indexed
270. Simulated driving performance under alcohol: Effects on driver-risk versus driver-skill ↗ · 2015 · Laude, Jennifer R. et al. · indexed
271. Psychoactive Medications and Injurious Motor Vehicle Collisions Involving Older Drivers ↗ · 1994 · Leveille, Suzanne G. et al. · indexed
272. Objective Measurements of the Effects of Drugs on Driver Behavior ↗ · 1962 · Miller, James G. · indexed
273. Task Demand and Alcohol Effects on Simulated Driving Performance ↗ · 1986 · Ranney, Thomas A. et al. · indexed
274. Cannabis use in older drivers in Colorado: The LongROAD Study · 2019 · DiGuiseppi, Carolyn et al. · archived
275. Recommendations for Toxicological Investigation of Drug Impaired Driving* ↗ · 2007 · Farrell, Laurel J. et al. · indexed
276. In Search of a Standard for Assessing the Crash Risk of Driving Under the Influence of Drugs Other Than Alcohol; Results of a Questionnaire Survey Among Researchers ↗ · 2012 · Houwing, Sjoerd et al. · indexed
277. Influences of Alcohol upon Driving Behavior in an Instrumented Car · 1971 · Perrine, M. W. et al. · archived
278. Cannabis use as a risk factor for causing motor vehicle crashes: a prospective study ↗ · 2019 · Brubacher, Jeffrey R. et al. · indexed
279. Trends in driving under the influence of drugs: A register-based study of DUID suspects during 1977–2007 ↗ · 2008 · Ojaniemi, Karoliina K. et al. · indexed
280. Marijuana and Driver Behaviors: Historic and Social Observations among Fatal Accident Operators and a Control Sample · 1976 · Sterling-Smith, Robert S. et al. · archived
281. Trends in benzodiazepine anxiolytics and z-hypnotics use among French drivers involved in road traffic crashes from 2005 to 2015: a responsibility case-control study · 2019 · Orriols, Ludivine et al. · archived
282. Cannabis intoxication and fatal road crashes in France: population based case-control study ↗ · 2005 · Laumon, Bernard et al. · indexed
283. Marijuana and Driving Impairment ↗ · 2007 · Logan, Barry K. · indexed
284. The acute effects of vaporized cannabis on drivers' hazard perception and risk-taking behaviors ↗ · 2024 · Schiemer, Carla et al. · indexed
285. Early evening low alcohol intake also worsens sleepiness‐related driving impairment ↗ · 2005 · Barrett, Pauline R. et al. · indexed
286. Cognitive Skills Underlying Driving in Patients Discharged Following Self-Poisoning With Central Nervous System Depressant Drugs ↗ · 2012 · Dassanayake, Tharaka L. et al. · indexed
287. Driver Characteristics and Impairment at Various BACs · 2000 · Moskowitz, Herbert, 1925- et al. · archived
288. Covariability in three dimensions of teenage driving risk behavior: impaired driving, risky and unsafe driving behavior, and secondary task engagement ↗ · 2015 · Bruce G. Simons‐Morton et al. · indexed
289. The association between opioid analgesics and unsafe driving actions preceding fatal crashes ↗ · 2009 · Dubois, Sacha et al. · indexed
290. Effect of CannEpil ^® on simulated driving performance and co-monitoring of ocular activity: A randomised controlled trial ↗ · 2023 · Manning, Brooke et al. · indexed
291. Alcohol Impairment of Performance on Steering and Discrete Tasks in a Driving Simulator · 1974 · Jex, Henry R. et al. · archived
292. Prevalence of Drug Use in Commercial Tractor-Trailer Drivers ↗ · 2002 · Couper, Fiona J. et al. · indexed
293. Acute administration of alprazolam, alcohol and their combination on cognitive performance and mood: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study ↗ · 2023 · Aitken, Blair et al. · indexed
294. Status report on Virginia&#039;s program to combat drug-impaired driving. · 1989 · Jernigan, Jack D · archived
295. A semi-naturalistic open-label study examining the effect of prescribed medical cannabis use on simulated driving performance ↗ · 2024 · Manning, Brooke et al. · indexed
296. Impaired driving detection based on deep convolutional neural network using multimodal sensor data ↗ · 2018 · Huang, Yi-Chi et al. · indexed
297. Associations of cannabis use with motor vehicle crashes and traffic stops among older drivers: AAA LongROAD study · 2023 · Davis, Shelby et al. · archived
298. Trends in Cannabis Involvement and Risk of Alcohol Involvement in Motor Vehicle Crash Fatalities in the United States, 2000‒2018 ↗ · 2021 · Lira, Marlene C. et al. · indexed
299. Drug Per Se Laws: A Review of their Use in States · 2010 · Lacey, John et al. · archived
300. A Review of the Literature on the Effects of Low Doses of Alcohol on Driving-Related Skills · 2000 · Moskowitz, Herbert, 1925- et al. · archived
301. Impact of naturalistic cannabis use on lateral control and speed: A driving simulator study. ↗ · 2025 · Brooks-Russell A et al. · indexed
302. Alcohol Limits for Drivers: A Report on the Effects of Alcohol and Expected Institutional Responses to New Limits: Report to Congress · 1991 · NHTSA · archived
303. Drugs related to motor vehicle crashes in northern European countries: A study of fatally injured drivers ↗ · 2011 · Mørland, Jørg et al. · indexed
304. Ketamine Evolving Clinical Roles and Potential Effects with Cognitive, Motor and Driving Ability ↗ · 2023 · Edinoff, Amber N. et al. · indexed
305. The effect of antipsychotic drugs on driving and driving related psychomotor functions ↗ · 1985 · Judd, Lewis L. · indexed
306. Priorities and Strategies for Improving the Investigation, Use of Toxicology Results, and Prosecution of Drug-Impaired Driving Cases: Findings and Recommendations · 2007 · NHTSA · archived
307. Recreational Drugs and Driving: Prevalence Survey ↗ · 2004 · Ingram, Deborah D. et al. · indexed
308. Pharmacists’ Role in Road Safety: A Qualitative Study on Driving While Using Prescribed Opioids ↗ · 2025 · Lee, Michael Joseph et al. · indexed
309. Cannabis use and reported effects on driving among adults in Iowa ↗ · 2021 · Brown, Timothy et al. · indexed
310. The Combined Effect of Alcohol and Sleepiness on Eye Tracking Features: Implications for Driver Monitoring Systems ↗ · 2025 · Ahlström, Christer et al. · indexed
311. Effects of Different Blood Alcohol Concentrations and Post-Alcohol Impairment on Driving Behavior and Task Performance ↗ · 2010 · Liu, Yung‐Ching et al. · indexed
312. Heavy Alcohol use Compared to Alcohol and Marijuana Use: Do College Students Experience a Difference in Substance use Problems? ↗ · 2006 · Shillington, Audrey M. et al. · indexed
313. 2016 Digest of State Laws: Driving Under the Influence of Drugs, First Edition · 2018 · Boddie, Amanda et al. · archived
314. The Effects of Texting and DUI Simulation on Driving Performance in a Driving Simulator ↗ · 2015 · Palumbo, Theresa J · indexed
315. An impaired driver model for safe driving by control of vehicle parameters ↗ · 2013 · Phuc Le, Thanh et al. · indexed
316. Establishing legal limits for driving under the influence of marijuana ↗ · 2014 · Wong, Kristin et al. · indexed
317. Mobile app-based study of driving behaviors under the influence of cannabis ↗ · 2025 · Li, Honglu et al. · indexed
318. Attitudes toward driving after cannabis use: a systematic review ↗ · 2024 · Boicu, Bianca et al. · indexed
319. A 2‐Year Study of Δ 9‐tetrahydrocannabinol Concentrations in Drivers: Examining Driving and Field Sobriety Test Performance,, ↗ · 2016 · Declues, Kari et al. · indexed
320. Weed or Wheel! fMRI, Behavioural, and Toxicological Investigations of How Cannabis Smoking Affects Skills Necessary for Driving · 2013 · Battistella, Giovanni et al. · archived
321. Epidemiology of Alcohol and Other Drug Use Among Motor Vehicle Crash Victims Admitted to a Trauma Center ↗ · 2004 · Walsh, Joseph et al. · indexed
322. Controlled Cannabis Vaporizer Administration: Blood and Plasma Cannabinoids with and without Alcohol ↗ · 2015 · Hartman, Rebecca L. et al. · indexed
323. Attitudes and behaviours on driving under the influence of drugs: a multigroup analysis of non-drug users and people who use methamphetamine ↗ · 2026 · Mackay, Aaron et al. · indexed
324. Is law enforcement of drug-impaired driving cost-efficient? An explorative study of a methodology for cost–benefit analysis ↗ · 2013 · Veisten, Knut et al. · indexed
325. Attention tasks as skills performance measures of drug effects. · 1984 · Moskowitz, H · archived
326. Using alcohol intoxication goggles (Fatal Vision® goggles) to detect alcohol related impairment in simulated driving ↗ · 2017 · McCartney, Danielle et al. · indexed
327. Effect of different alcohol levels on take-over performance in conditionally automated driving · 2018 · Wiedemann, Katharina et al. · archived
328. Psychoactive Medication and Traffic Safety ↗ · 2009 · Verster, Joris C. et al. · indexed
329. Driving while drinking: performance impairments resulting from social drinking ↗ · 2015 · Charlton, Samuel G. et al. · indexed
330. Motor vehicle collision risk and driving under the influence of cannabis: Evidence from adolescents in Atlantic Canada ↗ · 2005 · Asbridge, Mark et al. · indexed
331. Investigating the decision-making processes that contribute to impaired driving. · 2015 · Duckworth, M. P. et al. · archived
332. Combined Dextromethorphan and Chlorpheniramine Intoxication in Impaired Drivers ↗ · 2009 · Logan, Barry K. · indexed
333. Pilot Test of New Roadside Survey Methodology for Impaired Driving · 2007 · Lacey, John H. et al. · archived
334. Driving anxiety and anxiolytics while driving: Their impacts on behaviour and cognition behind the wheel · 2023 · Hidalgo-Muñoz, Antonio R. et al. · archived
335. Driving After Drinking in Canada · 2007 · Beirness, Douglas J. et al. · archived
336. Impaired-Driving Leadership Model – Findings Based on Three State Case Studies [Final Report] · 2018 · Coleman, Heidi et al. · archived
337. Alcohol, Tobacco and Tramadol Daily Consumption and Road Traffic Crashes among Motorcycle Taxi Drivers in Cotonou (Benin) · 2021 · Sopoh, Ghislain Emmanuel et al. · archived
338. Multiple Chronic Medical Conditions and Associated Driving Risk: A Systematic Review ↗ · 2011 · Marshall, Shawn C. et al. · indexed
339. Alcohol continues to affect sleepiness related driving impairment, when breath alcohol levels have fallen to near‐zero ↗ · 2004 · Barrett, P. R. et al. · indexed
340. A Comparison of Drug Use in Driver Fatalities and Similarly Exposed Drivers · 1977 · Blackburn, R. R. (Robert R.) et al. · archived
341. Examining the relationship between impaired driving and past crash involvement in Europe: Insights from the ESRA study ↗ · 2021 · Ziakopoulos, Apostolos et al. · indexed
342. The Canadian drinking-driving countermeasure experience ↗ · 1987 · Liban, Carolyn B. et al. · indexed
343. Proceedings of the 1979 NCA Alcohol and Traffic Safety Session · 1979 · NHTSA · archived
344. The role of drug and alcohol use and the risk of motor vehicle crashes in Shiraz, Iran, 2014: A case–crossover study ↗ · 2017 · Khanjani, Narges et al. · indexed
345. Risky driving behaviours among stimulant drug users and the role of aggression: findings from a national survey ↗ · 2019 · Hayley, Amie C. et al. · indexed
346. Investigation of the Accuracy of Alcohol and Drug Involvement Reporting · 2019 · Staats, William · archived
347. Using vehicle-based sensors of driver behavior to detect alcohol impairment. · 2011 · Lee, John et al. · archived
348. Questionnaire survey of automobile driving among users of a substance misuse service ↗ · 2001 · Bradbeer, Tim et al. · indexed
349. Association between polypharmacy and hard braking events in older adult drivers ↗ · 2024 · Jian, Qi et al. · indexed
350. Prevalence of alcohol and other drugs in fatally injured drivers ↗ · 2012 · Brady, Joanne E. et al. · indexed
351. Cannabis and Alcohol Involvement in Motor Vehicle Crashes: Reflections in the Era of Legalization ↗ · 2024 · Asbridge, Mark et al. · indexed
352. Potentially Driver-Impairing (PDI) Medication Use in Medically Impaired Adults Referred for Driving Evaluation ↗ · 2014 · Hetland, Amanda J. et al. · indexed
353. Prescription Medicines and the Risk of Road Traffic Crashes: A French Registry-Based Study · 2010 · Orriols, Ludivine et al. · archived
354. Road traffic crash risk associated with benzodiazepine and z‐hypnotic use after implementation of a colour‐graded pictogram: a responsibility study ↗ · 2016 · Orriols, Ludivine et al. · indexed
355. Drugged drivers in Norway with benzodiazepine detections ↗ · 2002 · Skurtveit, Svetlana et al. · indexed
356. Impact of the Legalization and Decriminalization of Marijuana on the DWI System: Highlights from the Expert Panel Meeting · 2017 · NHTSA · archived
357. Understanding the Limitations of Drug Test Information, Reporting, and Testing Practices in Fatal Crashes [Traffic Safety Facts]: Research Note · 2014 · Berning, Amy et al. · archived
358. Alcohol Involvement and Other Risky Driver Behaviors: Effects on Crash Initiation and Crash Severity ↗ · 2014 · Shyhalla, Kathleen · indexed
359. Alcohol and Highway Safety 1989: A Review of the State of Knowledge · 1990 · NHTSA · archived
360. Driving communication forward: improving communication for palliative care patients around driving and opioids – a quality improvement report ↗ · 2023 · Ismail-Callaghan, Seline et al. · indexed
361. Assessment of Older Driver Performance Under Low Level Alcohol Impairment · 2013 · Sodhi, Manbir et al. · archived
362. Psychoactive Drugs and the Risk of Injurious Motor Vehicle Crashes in Elderly Drivers ↗ · 1992 · Ray, Wayne A. et al. · indexed
363. Visual Search Behavior while Viewing Driving Scenes under the Influence of Alcohol and Marihuana ↗ · 1976 · Moskowitz, Herbert et al. · indexed
364. Effects of Alcohol on Performance on a Distraction Task During Simulated Driving ↗ · 2009 · Allen, Allyssa J. et al. · indexed
365. Alcohol and Highway Safety 1978: A Review of the State of Knowledge: Summary Volume [GPO-1980-0-308-241] · 1978 · NHTSA · archived
366. Comparison of driving simulator performance with real driving after alcohol intake: A randomised, single blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial ↗ · 2013 · Helland, Arne et al. · indexed
367. Drinking and driving: a road safety manual for decision-makers and practitioners. ↗ · 2007 · Cairney, Peter et al. · indexed
368. The effects of orally ingested Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol on drivers’ hazard perception and risk-taking behaviours: A within-subjects study of medicinal cannabis users ↗ · 2025 · Mieran, Taren et al. · indexed
369. Impaired-Driving Leadership Model – Findings Based on Three State Case Studies [Traffic Tech] · 2018 · NHTSA · archived
370. Recent European Projects on Driver Impairment ↗ · 2001 · Ward, Nicholas J et al. · indexed
371. The impact of sleep deprivation and alcohol on driving: a comparative study ↗ · 2020 · Lowrie, Joanna et al. · indexed
372. Drug use in motor vehicle drivers presenting to an Australian, adult major trauma centre ↗ · 2007 · Ch’ng, Chin Wei et al. · indexed
373. Field Evaluation of the Los Angeles Police Department Drug Detection Procedure · 1986 · NHTSA · archived
374. The Impact of Alcohol Hangover on Simulated Driving Performance during a ‘Commute to Work’—Zero and Residual Alcohol Effects Compared ↗ · 2020 · Alford, Chris et al. · indexed
375. Low Levels of Alcohol Impair Driving Simulator Performance and Reduce Perception of Crash Risk in Partially Sleep Deprived Subjects ↗ · 2004 · Banks, Siobhan et al. · indexed
376. Effects of alcohol on attention orienting and dual-task performance during simulated driving: An event-related potential study ↗ · 2010 · Wester, Anne E et al. · indexed
377. Removing the &quot;high&quot; from the highways : the impact of Virginia&#039;s efforts to combat drug-related DUI. · 1992 · Jernigan, Jack D · archived
378. On the impact of cannabis consumption on traffic safety: a driving simulator study with habitual cannabis consumers ↗ · 2019 · Tank, Anne et al. · indexed
379. Effects of Energy Drinks Mixed with Alcohol on Behavioral Control: Risks for College Students Consuming Trendy Cocktails ↗ · 2011 · Marczinski, Cécile A. et al. · indexed
380. Predicting categories of drugs used by suspected drug-impaired drivers using the Drug Evaluation and Classification Program tests ↗ · 2019 · Porath, Amy J. et al. · indexed
381. An Analysis of Driving Performance Measures Used to Assess the Effects of Medications on Drowsiness, Sedation and Driving Impairment ↗ · 2001 · Watson, Ginger S et al. · indexed
382. A Driving Simulator Study of the Performance Effects of Low Blood Alcohol Concentration ↗ · 1996 · Allen, R. Wade et al. · indexed
383. Exploring perceptions among people who drive after cannabis use: Collision risk, comparative optimism and normative influence ↗ · 2019 · Wickens, Christine M. et al. · indexed
384. Effects of Low Doses of Alcohol on Driving-Related Skills: A Review of the Evidence · 1988 · Moskowitz, Herbert, 1925- et al. · archived
385. Effects of alcohol on highway driving in the STISIM driving simulator ↗ · 2011 · Mets, Monique A. J. et al. · indexed
386. A Review of Alcohol‐Impaired Driving: The Role of Blood Alcohol Concentration and Complexity of the Driving Task ↗ · 2013 · Martin, T.L. et al. · indexed
387. Effects of central nervous system drugs on driving: speed variability versus standard deviation of lateral position as outcome measure of the on‐the‐road driving test ↗ · 2013 · Verster, Joris C. et al. · indexed
388. Protocol for the development and validation of a driving simulator for evaluating the influence of drugs on driving performance ↗ · 2019 · Iwata, Mari et al. · indexed
389. Hypnotics and Driving Safety: Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials Applying the on-the-Road Driving Test ↗ · 2006 · Verster, Joris et al. · indexed
390. The Effects of Psychotropic Drugs upon Driving-Related Skills ↗ · 1976 · Clayton, A B · indexed
391. Alcohol and Highway Safety 1978: A Review of the State of Knowledge [Final Report] · 1978 · Jones, R. K. (Ralph K.) et al. · archived
392. Association of Prescription Drug Misuse with Risky Motor Vehicle Behaviors among Low-Income Young Women ↗ · 2013 · Laz, Tabassum H. et al. · indexed
393. Driver impairment monitoring by physiological measures ↗ · 2019 · Brookhuis, Karel · indexed
394. 2013–2014 National Roadside Study of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers: Methodology · 2016 · Kelley-Baker, Tara et al. · archived
395. Driving under the influence among frequent ecstasy consumers in Australia: Trends over time and the role of risk perceptions ↗ · 2014 · Matthews, Allison Jane et al. · indexed
396. The Incidence of Drugs in Fatally Injured Drivers [1974] · 1974 · Woodhouse, Edward J. · archived
397. Self-reported impacts of recreational and medicinal cannabis use on driving ability and amount of wait time before driving ↗ · 2023 · Auguste, M. E. et al. · indexed
398. Marijuana use, driving, and related cognitions. ↗ · 2012 · Arterberry, Brooke J. et al. · indexed
399. A placebo-controlled study to assess Standardized Field Sobriety Tests performance during alcohol and cannabis intoxication in heavy cannabis users and accuracy of point of collection testing devices for detecting THC in oral fluid · 2012 · Bosker, Wendy M. et al. · archived
400. Highway Safety: Identifying and Coping with the Impaired Driver ↗ · 1990 · Shinar, David · indexed
401. Effects of Low Doses of Alcohol on Driving-Related Skills: A Review of the Evidence · 2007 · Moskowitz, H et al. · archived
402. The relationship between performance on the standardised field sobriety tests, driving performance and the level of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in blood ↗ · 2005 · Papafotiou, Katherine et al. · indexed
403. Evaluating the risk factors related to alcohol-impaired driving using the SHRP 2 naturalistic driving study ↗ · 2026 · Wang, Manhua et al. · indexed
404. A How-to Guide for Conducting a Statewide Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Other Drugs · 2022 · Thomas, F Dennis et al. · archived
405. Analysis of Alcohol-Impaired Driving on Vehicle Dynamic Control of Steering, Braking and Acceleration Behaviors in Female Drivers ↗ · 2021 · Frimpong, Justice Alex et al. · indexed
406. Responsibility analysis: A methodology to study the effects of drugs in driving ↗ · 1994 · Robertson, Michael D. et al. · indexed
407. Comparing treatment effects of oral THC on simulated and on-the-road driving performance: testing the validity of driving simulator drug research ↗ · 2015 · Veldstra, J. L. et al. · indexed
408. Antihistamines and Driving-Related Behavior: A Review of the Evidence for Impairment · 2004 · Moskowitz, Herbert, 1925- · archived
409. Factors Associated with High-Frequency Cannabis Use and Driving among a Multi-site Sample of University Students in Ontario ↗ · 2014 · Fischer, Benedikt et al. · indexed
410. Incidence and Toxicological Aspects of Cannabis and Ethanol Detected in 1394 Fatally Injured Drivers and Pedestrians in Ontario (1982–1984) ↗ · 1990 · Cimbura, G. et al. · indexed
411. Effects of Drugs on Driving: Driving Simulator Tests of Diazepam and Secobarbital ↗ · 1979 · Ziedman, Kenneth et al. · indexed
412. Blood alcohol concentration effect on driving performance:A short review ↗ · 2017 · Durães, Norberto et al. · indexed
413. Divided attention in young drivers under the influence of alcohol ↗ · 2014 · Freydier, C. et al. · indexed
414. THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MEDICAL MARIJUANA USE AND DIVIDED ATTENTION ON A SIMULATED DRIVING PERFORMANCE TASK ↗ · 2023 · Ennis, Nicole et al. · indexed
415. On the Assessment of Criteria for Driver Impairment;In Search of the Golden Yardstick for Driving Performance ↗ · 2003 · Brookhuis, Karel et al. · indexed
416. Development and validation of a driving simulator for evaluating the residual effects of drugs on driving performance – sensitivity analysis using zopiclone as a positive control ↗ · 2020 · Iwata, Mari et al. · indexed
417. Alcohol and driving-related performance - A comprehensive meta-analysis focusing the significance of the non-significant ↗ · 2011 · Schnabel, Eva · indexed
418. Facebook and drug driving: Does online sharing work against road safety countermeasures? ↗ · 2023 · Mills, Laura et al. · indexed
419. Acute and Subacute Effects of Diazepam on Psychomotor Skills: Interaction with Alcohol ↗ · 1979 · Palva, Erkki et al. · indexed
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421. Road traffic injuries and substance use among emergency department patients in the Dominican Republic and Peru ↗ · 2021 · Cherpitel, Cheryl J. et al. · indexed
422. Criminological Character Rating Of Persons Driving Vehicles In A State Of Intoxication ↗ · 2021 · Yurievna, Antonova Elena · indexed
423. Mobile-based brief interventions targeting cannabis-impaired driving among youth: A Delphi study ↗ · 2022 · Colonna, Robert et al. · indexed
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426. Psychoactive substance use Among fatally injured traffic crash victims: A cross-sectional study Across four cities in Brazil ↗ · 2026 · Greve, Julia Maria D’Andréa et al. · indexed
427. A selective review of simulated driving studies: Combining naturalistic and hybrid paradigms, analysis approaches, and future directions ↗ · 2012 · Calhoun, V.D. et al. · indexed
428. Drunk driving: a secondary analysis of factors associated with driving under the influence of alcohol in Jamaica ↗ · 2023 · Abel, Wendel et al. · indexed
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431. Postoperative instructions: good compliance but is the advice sound? ↗ · 2001 · Smith, Ian · indexed
432. Combined administration of varenicline and bupropion produces additive effects on accumbal dopamine and abolishes the alcohol deprivation effect in rats ↗ · 2020 · Söderpalm, Bo et al. · indexed
433. Environmental and familial factors in drug use among commercial drivers in suburban public transport ↗ · 2019 · Ainy, Elaheh et al. · indexed
434. Recruitment of Older Drivers from Primary Care Clinics for on‐Road Fitness‐to‐Drive Testing: Results of a Pilot Study · 2014 · Betz, Marian E. et al. · archived
435. An Integrated Multimodal Model of Alcohol Use Disorder Generated by Data-Driven Causal Discovery Analysis ↗ · 2020 · Rawls, Eric et al. · indexed
436. Effects of caffeine and glucose, alone and combined, on cognitive performance ↗ · 2010 · Adán, Ana et al. · indexed
437. L-theanine and Caffeine Improve Sustained Attention, Impulsivity and Cognition in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders by Decreasing Mind Wandering (OR29-04-19) ↗ · 2019 · Kahathuduwa, Chanaka et al. · indexed
438. Non-additive responses of marine invertebrates to global change multi-driver experiments: an extensive meta-analysis ↗ · 2026 · Baldanzi, Simone et al. · indexed
439. A Review of the Compatibility of Harm-Reduction and Recovery-Oriented Best Practices for Dual Disorders ↗ · 2008 · Mancini, Michael A. et al. · indexed
440. Cancer Driver Drug Interaction Explorer ↗ · 2022 · Hartung, Michael et al. · indexed
441. Complex Multilocus Effects of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Haplotypes Predict Pain and Pain Interference 6 Weeks After Motor Vehicle Collision ↗ · 2014 · Bortsov, Andrey V. et al. · indexed
442. Central additive effect of Ginkgo biloba and rhodiola rosea on psychomotor vigilance task and short-term working memory accuracy ↗ · 2016 · alkuraishy, hayder · indexed
443. l-Theanine and caffeine improve task switching but not intersensory attention or subjective alertness ↗ · 2010 · Einöther, Suzanne J.L. et al. · indexed
444. Joint Distribution Promotion by Interactive Factor Analysis using an Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach ↗ · 2022 · Zhou, Fuli et al. · indexed
445. Trans-Driver: a deep learning approach for cancer driver gene discovery with multi-omics data ↗ · 2022 · Yang, Hai et al. · indexed
446. Mitigation synergy and policy implications in urban transport sector: a case study of Xiamen, China ↗ · 2023 · Bian, Yahui et al. · indexed
447. IMI-driver: Integrating multi-level gene networks and multi-omics for cancer driver gene identification ↗ · 2024 · Shi, Peiting et al. · indexed
448. Experimental Investigation of Performance and Emissions for a Hybrid Electric Vehicle Operating on Gasoline, CNG, and Dual Fuel over the WLTC ↗ · 2025 · Vipartas, Tadas et al. · indexed
449. Nanoemulsion Fuel Additive Used as a Diesel Combustion Catalyst ↗ · 2020 · Hicks, Richard · indexed
450. Cooperative Multi-Agent System Research for Driving in Mixed Traffic Environments ↗ · 2025 · Jaworski, Mariusz et al. · indexed
451. Functional Redundancy of Multidrug Resistance Transporters in Yeast: Substrate Diversity and System Robustness ↗ · 2026 · Galkina, Kseniia V. et al. · indexed
452. Co-administration of HAART and antikoch triggers cardiometabolic dysfunction through an oxidative stress-mediated pathway ↗ · 2021 · Akhigbe, RE et al. · indexed
453. Clinical Efficacy of a Combined Cognitive–Language Rehabilitation Intervention: Evidence From Greek Patients With Stroke-Induced Aphasia ↗ · 2025 · Sabbidou, Eugenia et al. · indexed
454. The Liner multiplexers for generalizing the distance of vehicle data from the complete statement with Some private data ↗ · 2007 · Ahmed Ali et al. · indexed
455. The Effects of Daily Docosahexaenoic Acid Administration on High Fat Chow‐Induced Enhanced Sensitivity to Dopaminergic Drugs ↗ · 2018 · Hernandez‐Casner, Caroline et al. · indexed
456. Influence of EGFR-activating mutations on sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in a KRAS mutant non-small cell lung cancer cell line. ↗ · 2020 · Tsukumo, Yoshinori et al. · indexed
457. Eficácia dos herbicidas pyroxasulfone + amicarbazone no manejo de plantas daninhas em cana-de-açúcar em período úmido ↗ · 2025 · Oliveira, Clayson Luiz Lopes de · indexed
458. Investigation of the Effects of JP-4 Addition to Biodiesel-Diesel Blends on the Performance Characteristics of a Diesel Engine ↗ · 2019 · Shirneshan, Alireza et al. · indexed
459. Research progress of ALK kinase domain drug resistance mutation and its future countermeasures ↗ · 2022 · HE Liyuan, WANG Yudong · indexed
460. Sodium Benzoate Promotes Fat Accumulation and Aging via the SKN-1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway: Evidence from the <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> Model ↗ · 2024 · Lee, Jiah D. et al. · indexed
461. Optimizing battery and supercapacitor management in electric vehicles: A hybrid approach for enhanced performance and reduced harmonics ↗ · 2025 · Ramkumar, M. Siva et al. · indexed
462. Physical Principles Underlying the Complex Biology of Intracellular Phase Transitions ↗ · 2020 · Choi, Jeong-Mo et al. · indexed
463. Modes of Action of a Novel c-MYC Inhibiting 1,2,4-Oxadiazole Derivative in Leukemia and Breast Cancer Cells ↗ · 2023 · Zhou, Min et al. · indexed
464. Aurora kinase A drives non-canonical YAP1/TAZ crosstalk to sustain primary resistance to anti-EGFR therapies in colorectal cancer ↗ · 2025 · Rio-Vilariño, Anxo et al. · indexed
465. Effect of steam addition on the combustion performance and emissions characteristics of an HCCI dies ↗ · 2024 · RATHER, Mushtaq Ahmad · indexed
466. Occurrence of septuple and elevated Pfdhfr-Pfdhps quintuple mutations in a general population threatens the use of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for malaria prevention during pregnancy in eastern-coast of Tanzania ↗ · 2020 · Bwire, George M. et al. · indexed
467. Potential Impact of Phosphorylation on Malate Dehydrogenase and Citrate Synthase Protein‐Protein Interaction ↗ · 2022 · Blatt, Alexander et al. · indexed
468. A Review of Supercritical Fluid Extraction Technology and Application ↗ · 2014 · Marchetto, Fabio et al. · indexed
469. From nature to application: Transformative developments in natural rubber compounding ↗ · 2026 · Mnyango, J.I. et al. · indexed
470. Composition and concentration of root exudate analogues regulate greenhouse gas fluxes from tropical peat ↗ · 2018 · Girkin, N.T. et al. · indexed
471. Overcoming Resistance in EGFR‐Mutant Cancers: A Comprehensive Review of Inhibitor Evolution and SAR‐Based Design ↗ · 2026 · Naykwadi, Hemlata et al. · indexed
472. Industrial Symbiosis: An Exploration of the Potential of Sustainable Waste Management in the UAE ↗ · 2022 · Kumar, Uday · indexed
473. Hybrid Nanocomposite Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications: A Review ↗ · 2021 · Socol, Marcela et al. · indexed
474. Strongly Essential Submodules and Modules with the se-CIP ↗ · 2023 · Ghawi, Thaar Younis · indexed