Research

Impairment

Alcohol, drugs, medical conditions.

cognitive impairment 439alcohol 340polydrug 293drowsy as impairment 235illicit drugs 231cannabis 195visual occlusion 169prescription meds 125medical conditions 103physical impairment 45opioids 40post concussion 26

Relevant standards

  • Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/1243 — Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/1243 supplementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 by laying down detailed rules concerning the alcohol interlock installation facilitation in motor vehicles
  • EN 50436-1:2023 — Alcohol interlocks - Test methods and performance requirements - Part 1: Instruments having a mouthpiece and measuring breath alcohol for drink-driving-offender programs and general preventive use
  • EN 50436-2:2014 — Alcohol interlocks - Test methods and performance requirements - Part 2: Instruments having a mouthpiece and measuring breath alcohol for general preventive use
  • ISO 16673:2017 — Road vehicles — Ergonomic aspects of transport information and control systems — Occlusion method to assess visual demand due to the use of in-vehicle systems
  • SAE J3214 — Breath-Based Alcohol Detection System

1467 paper(s) · ranked by relevance to this area

  1. Medications and Impaired Driving · 2014 · Hetland, Amanda et al. · indexed
  2. Key Information for Cannabis and DUIC Policy · 2019 · Ward, Nicholas J. et al. · archived
  3. Psychoactive Medication and Traffic Safety · 2009 · Verster, Joris C. et al. · indexed
  4. Cannabis Effects on Driving Skills · 2012 · Hartman, Rebecca L. et al. · indexed
  5. Deterring driving under the influence of cannabis · 2015 · Huestis, Marilyn A. · indexed
  6. Use of Potentially Impairing Medications in Relation to Driving, United States, 2021 · 2022 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  7. Marijuana-Impaired Driving - A Report to Congress · 2017 · Compton, Richard P. · archived
  8. The Effects of Medical Conditions on Driving [Traffic Tech] · 2023 · Watson, Christine E · archived
  9. Cannabis use as a risk factor for causing motor vehicle crashes: a prospective study · 2019 · Brubacher, Jeffrey R. et al. · indexed
  10. Assessment of Vehicle Safety Problems for Special Driving Populations · 1979 · McKnight, A. James et al. · archived
  11. Antidepressants and Driver Impairment · 2003 · Ramaekers, Johannes G. · indexed
  12. Effects of Ethanol on Control of Attention · 1997 · Newman, David H. et al. · indexed
  13. Medical Conditions and Driving: A Review of the Literature (1960-2000) · 2005 · Dobbs, Bonnie M. et al. · archived
  14. State of Knowledge of Drug-Impaired Driving · 2003 · Jones, R. K. (Ralph K.) et al. · archived
  15. Role of Cannabis in Motor Vehicle Crashes · 1999 · Bates, Michael et al. · indexed
  16. Determining Fixed Glance Duration for Visual Occlusion Research · 2011 · Chen, Huei-Yen Winnie et al. · indexed
  17. Evaluating Drugged Driving: Effects of Pain and Anxiety Medications · 2017 · Gaffney, Gary R. et al. · archived
  18. 044 Simulated driving performance in young drivers with concussion · 2022 · Ebel, Beth E et al. · indexed
  19. Marijuana and Actual Driving Performance · 1993 · Robbe, Hindrik W. J. et al. · archived
  20. Visual Demand of Driving Curves as Determined by Visual Occlusion · 1980 · Tsimhoni, Omer et al. · indexed
  21. Marijuana, Alcohol and Actual Driving Performance · 1999 · Robbe, Hindrik W. J. et al. · archived
  22. Cognitive impairment and driving: A review of the literature · 2009 · Apolinario, Daniel et al. · indexed
  23. Driver Fitness Medical Guidelines · 2009 · NHTSA · archived
  24. Effects of Low Doses of Alcohol on Driving-Related Skills: A Review of the Evidence · 1988 · Moskowitz, Herbert, 1925- et al. · archived
  25. Drug Use and Highway Safety: A Review of the Literature · 1971 · Nichols, James L. · archived
  26. Updated Literature Review of the Effects of Medical Conditions on Driving · 2023 · Mastromatto, Tia et al. · archived
  27. Driver Characteristics and Impairment at Various BACs · 2000 · Moskowitz, Herbert, 1925- et al. · archived
  28. Countermeasures Against Prescription and Over-the-Counter Drug-Impaired Driving · 2018 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  29. Quantifying the performance impairment associated with fatigue · 1999 · Lamond, Nicole et al. · indexed
  30. Mild Cognitive Impairment and Driving Performance · 2019 · Staplin, Loren et al. · archived
  31. Prevalence of Marijuana Involvement in Fatal Crashes: Washington, 2010-2014 · 2016 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  32. Effects of alcohol on automated and controlled driving performances · 2013 · Berthelon, Catherine et al. · archived
  33. The Effect of Marihuana Dosage on Driver Performance · 1973 · Moskowitz, Herbert, 1925- et al. · archived
  34. Drugs and Driving: A Research Review · 1977 · Joscelyn, Kent B. et al. · archived
  35. Alzheimer and Vascular Dementias and Driving · 1995 · Fitten, L. Jaime · indexed
  36. Drugs and Highway Safety 1980 · 1980 · Joscelyn, Kent B. et al. · archived
  37. The effects of psychoactive prescription drugs on driving. · 2017 · Beirness, DJ · indexed
  38. Overview of Major Issues Regarding the Impacts of Alcohol and Marijuana on Driving · 2016 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  39. Effects of Alcohol and Other Drugs on Driver Performance · 2004 · Ogden, Edward et al. · indexed
  40. Sleepiness and Ethanol Effects on Simulated Driving · 1994 · Roehrs, Timothy et al. · indexed
  41. How Does Dementia Affect Driving in Older Patients? · 2010 · Ott, Brian R et al. · indexed
  42. Marijuana, alcohol and actual driving performance · 2000 · Ramaekers, Johannes G. et al. · archived
  43. Cannabis (Marijuana) - Effects on Human Performance and Behavior. · 2002 · Huestis, Marilyn A. · indexed
  44. The Effect of Opioids on Driving and Psychomotor Performance in Patients With Chronic Pain · 2005 · Byas‐Smith, Michael G. et al. · indexed
  45. Age-Related Diseases and Driving Safety · 2020 · Falkenstein, Michael et al. · indexed
  46. AN ALTERNATE METHOD TO EVALUATE DRIVER DISTRACTION · 2002 · Curry, Reates et al. · indexed
  47. Drugs and Driving: Information Needs and Research Requirements · 1979 · Joscelyn, Kent B. et al. · archived
  48. The 1994 International Consensus Conference on Dementia and Driving · 1997 · Johansson, Kurt et al. · indexed
  49. Driving Performance and Cannabis Users’ Perception of Safety · 2022 · Marcotte, Thomas D. et al. · indexed
  50. Influence of chronic illness on crash involvement of motor vehicle drivers · 2004 · Charlton, Judith et al. · indexed
  51. Drivers with Dementia: Environment, Errors and Performance Outcomes · 2007 · Berndt, Angela et al. · archived
  52. Report of an International Symposium on Drugs and Driving · 1975 · Joscelyn, Kent B. et al. · archived
  53. On-the-Road Driving Behavior and Breath Alcohol Concentration · 1976 · Damkot, David K. et al. · archived
  54. Alcohol, Drugs, and Driving · 1974 · Perrine, M. W. · archived
  55. Ethanol‐Induced CNS depression and divided attention · 1995 · Millar, S. A. et al. · indexed
  56. THE EFFECTS OF MARIJUANA AND ALCOHOL ON ACTUAL DRIVING PERFORMANCE · 1986 · Peck, Raymond C. et al. · indexed
  57. Maintenance Therapy with Synthetic Opioids and Driving Aptitude · 2004 · Schindler, Shird‐Dieter et al. · indexed
  58. Countermeasures That Work – Drug-Impaired Driving [Traffic Tech] · 2021 · Smither, Dereece D. · archived
  59. Effects of Drugs and Alcohol on Driver Performance · 1972 · Case, H. W. et al. · archived
  60. Braking Performance of Drivers under the Influence of Alcohol and Cannabis · 1980 · Attwood, Dennis et al. · indexed
  61. The Effects of Psychotropic Drugs upon Driving-Related Skills · 1976 · Clayton, A B · indexed
  62. Driving impairment due to sleepiness is exacerbated by low alcohol intake · 2003 · Horne, James A. et al. · indexed
  63. The Older Adult Driver With Cognitive Impairment · 2010 · Carr, David B. et al. · indexed
  64. Ethanol Analysis in Blood, Breath and Urine: Interpreting the Results · 2017 · Jones, Alan Wayne · indexed
  65. Hypnotics and actual driving performance · 1986 · O'Hanlon, J.F. et al. · indexed
  66. Driving with Visual Field Loss: An Exploratory Simulation Study · 2009 · Lockhart, Julie et al. · archived
  67. Cognitive Tests and Determining Fitness to Drive in Dementia: A Systematic Review · 2016 · Bennett, Joanne M. et al. · indexed
  68. CDOT Cognitive Roadside Device Evaluation Study · 2023 · Lyon, Craig et al. · archived
  69. Drugs and Human Performance Fact Sheets [2014] · 2014 · Couper, Fiona J. et al. · archived
  70. Effects of chronic marijuana use on driving performance · 2018 · Doroudgar, Shadi et al. · indexed
  71. Marijuana and Driving in Real-Life Situations · 1974 · Klonoff, Harry · indexed
  72. Drugs and Human Performance Fact Sheets [2004] · 2004 · Couper, Fiona J. et al. · archived
  73. Review of Technology to Prevent Alcohol-and-Drug Impaired Crashes: Update · 2024 · Pollard, John K. et al. · archived
  74. Assessment of Driving Safety in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment · 2017 · Anstey, Kaarin J. et al. · archived
  75. The Incidence and Role of Drugs in Fatally Injured Drivers · 1992 · Terhune, K. W. et al. · archived
  76. Asleep at the Wheel–the Road to Addressing Drowsy Driving · 2017 · Higgins, J. Stephen et al. · archived
  77. The Effects of Medical Conditions on Driving Performance · 2017 · Staplin, Loren et al. · archived
  78. Multiple Medications and Vehicle Crashes: Analysis of Databases · 2008 · LeRoy, Aida A. et al. · archived
  79. Advancing Drugged Driving Data at the State Level: State-by-State Assessment · 2018 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  80. Drugs and Human Performance Fact Sheets: 2024 · 2024 · Couper, Fiona J. et al. · archived
  81. The Incidence and Role of Drugs in Fatally Injured Drivers · 2008 · Terhune, Kenneth W. et al. · archived
  82. Marijuana and Actual Driving Performance · 1993 · Robbe, Hindrik W.J. et al. · archived
  83. Alcohol and Highway Safety 1978: A Review of the State of Knowledge [Final Report] · 1978 · Jones, R. K. (Ralph K.) et al. · archived
  84. Drugs and Driving · 2004 · WALSH, J. MICHAEL et al. · indexed
  85. Marijuana, Other Drugs, and Alcohol Use by Drivers in Washington State · 2016 · Ramirez, Anthony et al. · archived
  86. Drugs in fatally injured young male drivers · 1985 · Williams, A F et al. · archived
  87. Simulated Car Crashes at Intersections in Drivers With Alzheimer Disease · 2001 · Rizzo, Matthew et al. · indexed
  88. Influences of Alcohol upon Driving Behavior in an Instrumented Car · 1971 · Perrine, M. W. et al. · archived
  89. Marijuana Use and Motor Vehicle Crashes · 2011 · Li, Mu-Chen et al. · indexed
  90. The Effects of Fatigue and Alcohol on Highway Safety · 1981 · Ryder, Joan M. et al. · archived
  91. Alcohol and Highway Safety 2001: A Review of the State of Knowledge · 2001 · Jones, R. K. (Ralph K.) et al. · archived
  92. Drug and Alcohol Crash Risk [Traffic Safety Facts]: Research Note · 2015 · Compton, Richard P. et al. · archived
  93. Drowsy Driving Among Older Adults: A Literature Review · 2010 · Zanier, Nicole et al. · archived
  94. Neuropsychological Function and Driving Ability in People with Parkinson's Disease · 2006 · Classen, Sherrilene et al. · indexed
  95. Drug Abuse and Driving Performance · 1972 · Blomberg, Richard D. et al. · archived
  96. Detecting Early-Stage Dementia Using Naturalistic Driving · 2023 · Wotring, Brian M et al. · archived
  97. Review of Technology to Prevent Alcohol-Impaired Crashes (TOPIC) · 2007 · Pollard, John K. et al. · archived
  98. Alzheimer's Disease and Fitness to Drive · 2008 · Silverstein, Nina M. · indexed
  99. Prevalence of Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Drivers: AAA LongROAD Study · 2018 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety et al. · archived
  100. Parkinson disease and driving · 2012 · Crizzle, Alexander M. et al. · archived
  101. Older Adults’ Knowledge About Medications That Can Impact Driving · 2009 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  102. Prediction of Fitness to Drive in Patients with Alzheimer's Dementia · 2016 · Piersma, Dafne et al. · archived
  103. Drug Use by Tractor-Trailer Drivers · 1988 · Lund, A K et al. · indexed
  104. Drugs and Driving: A Selected Bibliography: Supplement One · 1978 · Joscelyn, Kent B. et al. · archived
  105. Neural Correlates of Older Driver Performance · 2017 · Noyce, David A. et al. · archived
  106. Predictors of driving safety in early Alzheimer disease · 2009 · Dawson, Jeffrey D. et al. · archived
  107. Drug-Impaired Driving Data Collection: Report to Congress · 2024 · Atkins, Randolph G. et al. · archived
  108. Drugs and Traffic Crash Responsibility: A Study of Injured Motorists in Colorado · 2001 · Lowenstein, Steven R. et al. · indexed
  109. Health and Wellness of Commercial Drivers · 2007 · Krueger, Gerald P. et al. · indexed
  110. DIAZEPAM AND DRIVING ABILITY · 1981 · Landauer, Ali A. · indexed
  111. Cannabis Legalization and Detection of Tetrahydrocannabinol in Injured Drivers · 2022 · Brubacher, Jeffrey R. et al. · indexed
  112. Effects of Alcohol on Motorcycle Riding Skills · 2007 · Creaser, Janet I., 1974- et al. · archived
  113. Alcohol and Highway Safety 2006: A Review of the State of Knowledge · 2011 · Voas, Robert B. et al. · archived
  114. Safe Mobility for Older People Notebook · 1999 · Staplin, L. K. et al. · archived
  115. Alcohol and Highway Safety: A Bibliography · 1976 · Flynn, Lois · archived
  116. Depression, antidepressants and driving safety · 2017 · Hill, Linda et al. · archived
  117. A Simulator Dataset to Support the Study of Impaired Driving · 2025 · Gideon, John et al. · archived
  118. Drug and Alcohol Crash Risk: A Case-Control Study · 2016 · Lacey, John H. et al. · archived
  119. Dementia severity and on‐road assessment: Briefly revisited · 2008 · Berndt, Angela et al. · indexed
  120. Evaluating Older Drivers' Skills · 2013 · Chaudhary, Neil K. et al. · archived
  121. Visual search and urban driving under the influence of marijuana and alcohol · 2001 · Lamers, C. T. J. et al. · indexed
  122. Medication Use in Older Adult Drivers: AAA LongROAD Study · 2018 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety et al. · archived
  123. Drowsy Driving in Fatal Crashes, United States, 2017–2021 · 2024 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  124. The Effects of Fatigue and Alcohol on Highway Safety · 1981 · Ryder, Joan M. et al. · archived
  125. The Impact of Alzheimer's Disease on Driving Ability: A Review · 1990 · Donnelly, Ruth Elisabeth et al. · indexed
  126. Driver Workload Metrics Project: Task 2 Final Report · 2006 · U.S. Department of Transportation · indexed
  127. On-road driving assessment and route design for drivers with dementia · 2015 · Berndt, Angela H et al. · indexed
  128. Drug Per Se Laws: A Review of their Use in States · 2010 · Lacey, John et al. · archived
  129. Diabetes mellitus and hard braking events in older adult drivers · 2024 · Liu, Difei et al. · archived
  130. Effects of visual field impairment on driving · 2015 · Andersson, Jan et al. · indexed
  131. Acute Alcohol Impairment Research in Driving Simulators · 2011 · Creaser, Janet et al. · indexed
  132. Simplifying the Process for Identifying Drug Combinations by Drug Recognition Experts · 2010 · Porath-Waller, Amy J. et al. · indexed
  133. Ethanol and Sleep Loss: A “Dose” Comparison of Impairing Effects · 2003 · Roehrs, Timothy et al. · indexed
  134. Effects of alcohol on highway driving in the STISIM driving simulator · 2011 · Mets, Monique A. J. et al. · indexed
  135. Prevalence of Impairing Substance Use in Injured Drivers · 2025 · Brubacher, Jeffrey R. · indexed
  136. 18-0054_AAAFTS Older Driver Marijuana Brief_v5-6 TABLE 2 · 2018 · Lohoni, M. et al. · archived
  137. Drugs, driving, and models to measure driving impairment · 2009 · Owens, Katherine et al. · indexed
  138. Medical Conditions and Motor Vehicle Collision Injuries in Older Adults · 1994 · Koepsell, Thomas D. et al. · indexed
  139. Surrogate Measures of Visual Demand while Driving · 2000 · Farber, Eugene et al. · indexed
  140. Drug Use among Drivers · 1975 · Glauz, William D. et al. · archived
  141. Prevalence of Drug Use in Commercial Tractor-Trailer Drivers · 2002 · Couper, Fiona J. et al. · indexed
  142. Driver Workload Metrics Task 2 Final Report · 2006 · Angell, Linda et al. · indexed
  143. Can Your Older Patients Drive Safely? · 2017 · Staplin, Loren et al. · archived
  144. Marijuana Use in Older Drivers in Colorado: A LongROAD Study · 2018 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety et al. · archived
  145. Instrumented Vehicles and Driving Simulators · 2002 · Rizzo, M. et al. · archived
  146. Skills performance at low blood alcohol levels. · 1985 · Moskowitz, H et al. · indexed
  147. ASSESSING DRIVING CAPABILITY: A METHOD FOR INDIVIDUAL TESTING · 1991 · Lings, Svend · indexed
  148. Driving ability in Parkinson's disease: Current status of research · 2008 · Uc, Ergun Y. et al. · indexed
  149. Driver route-following and safety errors in early Alzheimer disease · 2004 · Uc, E. Y. et al. · indexed
  150. Drugs and Driving: A Selected Bibliography: Supplement 2 · 1980 · Veldkamp, Mary B. et al. · archived
  151. DIABETES MELLITUS AND HARD BRAKING EVENTS IN OLDER DRIVERS · 2022 · Liu, Difei et al. · indexed
  152. Effects of alcohol and practice on choice reaction time · 1987 · Maylor, Elizabeth A. et al. · archived
  153. Alcohol & drug use among drivers : British Columbia roadside survey 2008 · 2009 · Beirness, Douglas J. et al. · archived
  154. Some On-Road Glances are More Equal Than Others: Measuring Engagement in the Driving Task · 2019 · Hoekstra-Atwood, Liberty et al. · indexed
  155. Driving Cessation in Older Men With Dementia · 2003 · Adler, Geri et al. · indexed
  156. In-Vehicle Drowsy Driving Detection and Alerting [Traffic Tech] · 2023 · Blenner, Jordan A · archived
  157. Optic Flow and Tunnel Vision in the Detection Response Task · 2019 · van Winsum, Wim · indexed
  158. Cannabis use in older drivers in Colorado: The LongROAD Study · 2019 · DiGuiseppi, Carolyn et al. · indexed
  159. Medical Fitness to Drive and a Voluntary State Reporting Law · 2008 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  160. Sedating Effects of Ethanol And Time of Drinking · 1992 · Roehrs, Timothy et al. · indexed
  161. Reliability of the Washington University Road Test · 1997 · Hunt, Linda A. · indexed
  162. Amnesia and driving · 2006 · Anderson, S.W. et al. · indexed
  163. Risk Factors for Driving After and During Marijuana Use · 2016 · Aston, Elizabeth R. et al. · archived
  164. Alcohol dose effects on brain circuits during simulated driving: An fMRI study · 2009 · Meda, Shashwath A. et al. · indexed
  165. Deterrence of the Drinking Driver: An International Survey · 1981 · Ross, H. Laurence (Hugh Laurence) · archived
  166. Behavioral Effects of Driver Distraction and Alcohol Impairment · 2005 · Rakauskas, Michael et al. · indexed
  167. Recommendations for Toxicological Investigation of Drug Impaired Driving* · 2007 · Farrell, Laurel J. et al. · indexed
  168. The Detection of DWI at BACs below 0.10 · 1997 · Stuster, Jack, 1947- · archived
  169. EFFECTS OF LOW ALCOHOL DOSAGES: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE · 1993 · Krueger, H-P · indexed
  170. Interactions between sleepiness and moderate alcohol intake in drivers · 2006 · Horne, James A. et al. · indexed
  171. Effects of two antihistamine drugs on actual driving performance. · 1984 · Betts, Tim et al. · indexed
  172. Do Opioid Prescriptions Lead to Fatal Car Crashes? · 2021 · Betz, Michael et al. · indexed
  173. Driver Fatigue and Safety: A Transactional Perspective · 2017 · Neubauer, Catherine et al. · indexed
  174. Evaluating In-Car Tasks’ Distraction Effects with Drive-In Lab · 2025 · Kujala, Tuomo et al. · archived
  175. Drug Testing and Traffic Safety: What You Need to Know · 2022 · Berning, Amy et al. · archived
  176. Motor vehicle crashes in dementia of the alzheimer type · 1988 · Friedland, Robert P. et al. · indexed
  177. A comparison of the cell-phone driver and the drunk driver · 2006 · Strayer, D. L. et al. · archived
  178. Alcohol and Older Drivers’ Crashes · 2014 · NHTSA · archived
  179. In-Vehicle Information Systems Demand Model (Research Update) · 2000 · Dingus, Tom et al. · archived
  180. Alcohol Hangover as a Cause of Impairment in Apprehended Drivers · 2014 · Høiseth, Gudrun et al. · indexed
  181. Pilot Test of New Roadside Survey Methodology for Impaired Driving · 2007 · Lacey, John H. et al. · archived
  182. Toward a More Parsimonious Approach to Drug Recognition Expert Evaluations · 2009 · Porath-Waller, Amy J. et al. · indexed
  183. Preventing Impaired Driving Using IoT on Steering Wheels Approach · 2024 · Razak, Abdul et al. · archived
  184. How Long <i>Can</i> a Driver (Safely) Glance at an Augmented-Reality Head-Up Display? · 2020 · Faria, Nayara de Oliveira et al. · archived
  185. Driver distraction · 2018 · Neyens, David Michael · archived
  186. Driving simulator experiments to study drowsiness: A systematic review · 2020 · Soares, Sónia et al. · indexed
  187. The Prevalence and Impact of Drowsy Driving · 2010 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  188. M-CASTL 2009 synthesis report : older adult safety and mobility. · 2009 · Eby, David W. et al. · archived
  189. Crashes and Violations Among Drivers With Alzheimer Disease · 1996 · Trobe, J. D. et al. · indexed
  190. State of Knowledge on Older Drivers · 2024 · Freed, Sara A et al. · archived
  191. Why Do People Have Drowsy Driving Crashes? Input From Drivers Who Just Did · 1999 · Vaughn, Bradley V. et al. · archived
  192. A Comparison of Drug Use in Driver Fatalities and Similarly Exposed Drivers · 1977 · Blackburn, R. R. (Robert R.) et al. · archived
  193. Neuropsychological Predictors of Driving Errors in Older Adults · 2010 · Dawson, Jeffrey D. et al. · indexed
  194. Individual Differences in the Sedating Effects of Ethanol · 1990 · Ardith Zwyghuizen‐Doorenbos et al. · indexed
  195. The older driver--a review · 1995 · Morgan, Rosemary et al. · indexed
  196. Health assessment of commercial drivers: a meta-narrative systematic review · 2014 · Dabrh, Abd Moain Abu et al. · indexed
  197. THE PERCEPTION OF RISK INVOLVED IN ALCOHOL-IMPAIRED DRIVING · 1997 · Bergeron, Jacques et al. · indexed
  198. The Incidence of Drugs in Fatally Injured Drivers [1974] · 1974 · Woodhouse, Edward J. · archived
  199. Development and Validation of Messaging to Deter Cannabis Impaired Driving · 2025 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  200. Turns and Downturns in Aging Drivers · 2026 · Hardt, Marie et al. · archived
  201. Visual and Cognitive Demands of Using In-Vehicle Information Systems · 2017 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety et al. · archived
  202. Fits and Other Causes of Loss of Consciousness while Driving · 1986 · Parsons, Malcolm · indexed
  203. The Effects of 0.08 BAC Laws · 1999 · Apsler, Robert et al. · archived
  204. Measuring driving performance by car-following in traffic · 1994 · BROOKHUIS, KAREL et al. · indexed
  205. Blood alcohol concentration effect on driving performance:A short review · 2017 · Durães, Norberto et al. · indexed
  206. Driving with Dementia: Evaluation, Referral, and Resources · 2013 · Dickerson, Anne E. · indexed
  207. Prevalence of Motor Vehicle Crashes Involving Drowsy Drivers, United States, 2009-2013 · 2014 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  208. Human Factors Laboratory [Fact Sheet] · 1988 · NHTSA · archived
  209. Psychophysical Tests for DWI Arrest · 1977 · Burns, Marcelline et al. · archived
  210. Ten Years Down the Road: Predictors of Driving Cessation · 2009 · Edwards, J. D. et al. · archived
  211. Recreational Drugs and Driving: Prevalence Survey · 2004 · Ingram, Deborah D. et al. · indexed
  212. Edible cannabis use on simulated driving performance · 2025 · Won, Nae et al. · indexed
  213. Predictors of fitness to drive in people with Parkinson disease · 2007 · Devos, H. et al. · indexed
  214. 2012 Traffic Safety Culture Index: Motorists Admit to Driving Drowsy · 2012 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  215. Visual Scanning Training for Older Drivers [Traffic Tech] · 2022 · Staplin, L. et al. · archived
  216. Laboratory Evaluation of Alcohol Safety Interlock Systems, Volume I - Summary Report · 1974 · Abernethy, Charles N., III et al. · archived
  217. Dementia and Driving · 1999 · Adler, Geri et al. · indexed
  218. Evaluation of the Oregon DMV Medically At-Risk Driver Program · 2009 · G. Strathman, James et al. · archived
  219. Sign Recall in a Fixed-Base Simulator as a Measure of Fitness-To-Drive · 2014 · Vardaki, Sophia et al. · indexed
  220. Manual for Analysis of Ethanol in Biological Liquids · 1977 · Dubowski, Kurt M. · archived
  221. An Assessment of Behavioral Tests to Detect Impaired Drivers · 1981 · Snapper, K. J. (Kurt J.) et al. · archived
  222. Assessing and Improving the Cognitive and Visual Driving Fitness of CDL Drivers · 2024 · Bhattacharya, Shelley B. et al. · archived
  223. Relative Risk of Fatal Crash Involvement by BAC, Age, and Gender · 2000 · Zador, Paul et al. · archived
  224. Drivers With Dementia and Outcomes of Becoming Lost While Driving · 2010 · Hunt, Linda A. et al. · indexed
  225. Older Driver Physical Fitness [Traffic Tech] · 2021 · NHTSA · archived
  226. Alcohol, reaction time and memory: A meta‐analysis · 1993 · Maylor, Elizabeth A. et al. · indexed
  227. Evaluation of Utah’s .05 BAC Per Se Law · 2022 · Thomas, F. Dennis et al. · archived
  228. Evaluating driver distraction countermeasures · 2005 · Karlsson, Rikard · indexed
  229. Countermeasures That Work – Alcohol-Impaired Driving [Traffic Tech] · 2021 · Jeleniewski, S et al. · archived
  230. 0.08 BAC Illegal Per Se Level · 1996 · NHTSA · archived
  231. Effect of Marihuana and Alcohol on Visual Search Performance · 1976 · Moskowitz, Herbert, 1925- et al. · archived
  232. Effectiveness of the Illinois .08 Law · 2000 · Voas, Robert B. et al. · archived
  233. Driving after use of alcohol and marijuana in college students. · 2007 · McCarthy, Denis M. et al. · indexed
  234. VISUAL AND MANUAL DEMANDS OF IN-CAR CONTROLS AND DISPLAYS · 1993 · Wierwille, Walter W. · indexed
  235. Comparative Effects of Alcohol and Marijuana on Mood, Memory, and Performance · 1997 · Heishman, Stephen J. et al. · indexed
  236. Driver monitoring systems (DMS): The future of impaired driving management? · 2021 · Hayley, Amie C. et al. · indexed
  237. Virginia&#039;s program to combat drug-related DUI, 1988-1989. · 1992 · Jernigan, Jack D · archived
  238. The Relationship of Alcohol Abuse to Highway Safety · 1970 · Voas, R. B. et al. · archived
  239. Driving Cessation and Health Outcomes in Older Adults · 2015 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  240. Sequential In-Vehicle Glance Distributions · 2014 · Yamani, Yusuke et al. · indexed
  241. Driving decision-making in older adults with dementia · 2010 · Adler, Geri · indexed
  242. Next-Day Effects of Social Drinking on Driver Fatigue and Driving Performance · 2026 · Ahlström, Christer et al. · archived
  243. Acute and hang-over effects of alcohol on simulated driving performance. · 1991 · Törnros, Jan et al. · indexed
  244. The Effects of Low Doses of Alcohol on Driving Performance · 1983 · Flanagan, Natalie et al. · indexed
  245. Driving Simulator as a Tool for Reaction Time Measurement · 2022 · Čulík, Kristián et al. · indexed
  246. Alcohol-Crash Problem in Canada, 2008 · 2010 · NHTSA · archived
  247. The role of the drinking driver in traffic accidents (the Grand Rapids study) · 1974 · Borkenstein, R. F. et al. · indexed
  248. Driver Identification of Landmarks and Traffic Signs After a Stroke · 2005 · Uc, Ergun et al. · indexed
  249. Vision and Driving in the Elderly · 1994 · OWSLEY, CYNTHIA · indexed
  250. The use of psychophysiology to assess driver status · 1993 · Brookhuis, Karel et al. · indexed
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