drowsy as impairment

Drowsy driving framed as impairment: studies equating sleepiness with alcohol or drug impairment for policy, enforcement, or forensic purposes — 'fatigue impairs like X percent BAC', drowsy-driving law and liability. The impairment-equivalence framing, not the physiological drowsy state (drowsiness).

315 paper(s) · ranked by relevance to this topic

1. Quantifying the performance impairment associated with fatigue ↗ · 1999 · Lamond, Nicole et al. · indexed
2. Driving while alcohol impaired : a preliminary exploration of the issues and possible approaches. · 1989 · Brady, Patricia · archived
3. Driving impairment due to sleepiness is exacerbated by low alcohol intake ↗ · 2003 · Horne, James A. et al. · indexed
4. Asleep at the Wheel–the Road to Addressing Drowsy Driving · 2017 · Higgins, J. Stephen et al. · archived
5. Drug Impaired Driving : Understanding the Problem and Ways to Reduce It (a Report to Congress) · 2009 · Compton, R. et al. · archived
6. Improving Understanding of Alcohol Impairment and BAC Levels, and Their Relationship to Highway Accidents · 1989 · NHTSA · archived
7. How do prolonged wakefulness and alcohol compare in the decrements they produce on a simulated driving task? ↗ · 2001 · Arnedt, J. Todd et al. · indexed
8. Moderate sleep deprivation produces impairments in cognitive and motor performance equivalent to legally prescribed levels of alcohol intoxication ↗ · 2000 · Williamson, Ann et al. · indexed
9. Development of models for on-board detection of driver impairment ↗ · 1987 · Dingus, Thomas A. et al. · indexed
10. Alcohol Limits for Drivers: A Report on the Effects of Alcohol and Expected Institutional Responses to New Limits: Report to Congress · 1991 · NHTSA · archived
11. The Interactive Effects of Extended Wakefulness and Low-dose Alcohol on Simulated Driving and Vigilance · 2007 · Howard, Mark E. et al. · archived
12. Driving under the Influence: A Report to Congress on Alcohol Limits · 1992 · Snyder, Monroe B. · archived
13. Review of Technology to Prevent Alcohol-and-Drug Impaired Crashes: Update · 2024 · Pollard, John K. et al. · archived
14. Alcohol continues to affect sleepiness related driving impairment, when breath alcohol levels have fallen to near‐zero ↗ · 2004 · Barrett, P. R. et al. · indexed
15. Consideration of a per se law for driving under the influence. · 1980 · Mapp, Richard C · archived
16. Alcohol, Drugs, and Driving · 1974 · Perrine, M. W. · archived
17. Countermeasures to Reduce Drowsy Driving: Results of a Literature Review and Discussions with Experts · 2022 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
18. Drugged driving in Louisiana: quantification of its impact on public health and implications for legislation, enforcement, and prosecution : final report. · 2017 · Schneider, Helmut et al. · archived
19. Drug Research Methodology. Volume 1, the Alcohol-Highway Safety Experience and Its Applicability to Other Drugs · 1980 · Donelson, Alan C. et al. · archived
20. Drowsy Driving in Fatal Crashes, United States, 2017–2021 · 2024 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
21. The Effects of Fatigue and Alcohol on Highway Safety · 1981 · Ryder, Joan M. et al. · archived
22. Drugged Driving in Louisiana: Quantification of Its Impact on Public Health and Implications for Legislation, Enforcement and Prosecution · 2015 · Schneider, Helmut et al. · archived
23. Drugged Driving Expert Panel Report: A Consensus Protocol for Assessing the Potential of Drugs to Impair Driving · 2011 · Logan, Barry K. et al. · archived
24. Simulated driving performance following prolonged wakefulness and alcohol consumption: separate and combined contributions to impairment ↗ · 2000 · Arnedt, J. Todd et al. · indexed
25. A National Sleep Foundation's Conference Summary: The National Summit to Prevent Drowsy Driving and a New Call to Action · 2005 · Drobnich, Darrel · archived
26. The Effects of Fatigue and Alcohol on Highway Safety · 1981 · Ryder, Joan M. et al. · archived
27. State of Knowledge of Drug-Impaired Driving · 2003 · Jones, R. K. (Ralph K.) et al. · archived
28. Impairment of Driving Performance Caused by Sleep Deprivation or Alcohol: A Comparative Study ↗ · 1999 · Fairclough, Stephen et al. · indexed
29. Early evening low alcohol intake also worsens sleepiness‐related driving impairment ↗ · 2005 · Barrett, Pauline R. et al. · indexed
30. Alcohol and Highway Safety 2006: A Review of the State of Knowledge · 2011 · Voas, Robert B. et al. · archived
31. Fatigued driving : prevalence, risk factors and groups, and the law ↗ · 2009 · Radun, Igor · indexed
32. Countermeasures That Work – Drug-Impaired Driving [Traffic Tech] · 2021 · Smither, Dereece D. · archived
33. Countermeasures That Work – Drowsy Driving [Traffic Tech] · 2021 · NHTSA · archived
34. Advancing Drugged Driving Data at the State Level: State-by-State Assessment · 2018 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
35. Validating lane drifts as a predictive measure of drug or sleepiness induced driving impairment · 2020 · Vinckenbosch, F. R. J. et al. · archived
36. Combating the drug-impaired driver : a prescription for safer highways. · 1985 · Paltell, Eric et al. · archived
37. The impact of sleep deprivation and alcohol on driving: a comparative study ↗ · 2020 · Lowrie, Joanna et al. · indexed
38. Alcohol and Highway Safety 1989: A Review of the State of Knowledge · 1990 · NHTSA · archived
39. Countermeasures Against Prescription and Over-the-Counter Drug-Impaired Driving · 2018 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
40. Sleepiness and Ethanol Effects on Simulated Driving ↗ · 1994 · Roehrs, Timothy et al. · indexed
41. Drunk Driving Laws and Enforcement: An Assessment of Effectiveness · 1986 · NHTSA · archived
42. Alcohol and Highway Safety 1984: A Review of the State of the Knowledge · 1984 · NHTSA · archived
43. Effects of Alcohol and Other Drugs on Driver Performance ↗ · 2004 · Ogden, Edward et al. · indexed
44. Drugs and Highway Safety 1980 · 1980 · Joscelyn, Kent B. et al. · archived
45. In-Vehicle Drowsy Driving Detection and Alerting [Traffic Tech] · 2023 · Blenner, Jordan A · archived
46. Sleepiness Combined with Low Alcohol Intake in Women Drivers: Greater Impairment but Better Perception than Men? ↗ · 2004 · Barrett, Pauline R et al. · indexed
47. How Tired is Too Tired to Drive? A Systematic Review Assessing the Use of Prior Sleep Duration to Detect Driving Impairment · 2023 · Sprajcer, Madeline et al. · archived
48. Marijuana, Other Drugs and Their Relation to Highway Safety: A Report to Congress [1979] · 1979 · NHTSA · archived
49. Deterrence of the Drinking Driver: An International Survey · 1981 · Ross, H. Laurence (Hugh Laurence) · archived
50. Driving under the influence of alcohol : determining an optimum sanction. · 1971 · Ames, W. A et al. · archived
51. Driver Characteristics and Impairment at Various BACs · 2000 · Moskowitz, Herbert, 1925- et al. · archived
52. Review of the Literature Evaluating the Effect of Countermeasures to Reduce Alcohol Impaired Driving (1980–1989). Volume 1, Synthesis · 1991 · Jones, R. K. (Ralph K.) et al. · archived
53. Marijuana, Other Drugs and Their Relation to Highway Safety: A Report to Congress [1980] · 1980 · NHTSA · archived
54. An introductory handbook for state task forces to combat drunk driving. · 1983 · Lynn, Cheryl et al. · archived
55. Alcohol and Highway Safety 1978: A Review of the State of Knowledge: Summary Volume [GPO-1980-0-308-241] · 1978 · NHTSA · archived
56. Alcohol and Highway Safety 1978: A Review of the State of Knowledge [Final Report] · 1978 · Jones, R. K. (Ralph K.) et al. · archived
57. Effects of prolonged wakefulness combined with alcohol and hands-free cell phone divided attention tasks on simulated driving ↗ · 2005 · Iudice, A. et al. · indexed
58. Driver Fatigue and Safety: A Transactional Perspective ↗ · 2017 · Neubauer, Catherine et al. · indexed
59. The impact of alcohol consumption on commercial eye blink drowsiness detection technology ↗ · 2023 · Cori, Jennifer M. et al. · indexed
60. A State-by-State Analysis of Laws Dealing with Driving under the Influence of Drugs · 2009 · Walsh, J. Michael · archived
61. The hazards and prevention of driving while sleepy ↗ · 2003 · MacLean, Alistair W et al. · indexed
62. Drug Per Se Laws: A Review of their Use in States · 2010 · Lacey, John et al. · archived
63. Alcohol and Highway Safety 2001: A Review of the State of Knowledge · 2001 · Jones, R. K. (Ralph K.) et al. · archived
64. Review of Technology to Prevent Alcohol-Impaired Crashes (TOPIC) · 2007 · Pollard, John K. et al. · archived
65. Priorities and Strategies for Improving the Investigation, Use of Toxicology Results, and Prosecution of Drug-Impaired Driving Cases: Findings and Recommendations · 2007 · NHTSA · archived
66. Crashes & Fatalities Related To Driver Drowsiness/Fatigue · 1994 · NHTSA · archived
67. Removing the "high" from the highways : the impact of Virginia's efforts to combat drug-related DUI. · 1992 · Jernigan, Jack D · archived
68. The Prevalence and Impact of Drowsy Driving · 2010 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
69. Changes in Alcohol-Involved Fatal Crashes Associated with Tougher State Alcohol Legislation · 1989 · Klein, Terry M. · archived
70. Driving simulator experiments to study drowsiness: A systematic review ↗ · 2020 · Soares, Sónia et al. · indexed
71. Report of an International Symposium on Drugs and Driving · 1975 · Joscelyn, Kent B. et al. · archived
72. Using alcohol intoxication goggles (Fatal Vision® goggles) to detect alcohol related impairment in simulated driving ↗ · 2017 · McCartney, Danielle et al. · indexed
73. Why Do People Have Drowsy Driving Crashes? Input From Drivers Who Just Did · 1999 · Vaughn, Bradley V. et al. · archived
74. The Relationship of Alcohol Safety Laws to Drinking Drivers in Fatal Crashes · 1999 · Voas, Robert B. et al. · archived
75. I think I'm sleepy, therefore I am – Awareness of sleepiness while driving: A systematic review ↗ · 2021 · Cai, Anna W.T. et al. · indexed
76. Advancing Drugged Driving Data at the State Level: Synthesis of Barriers and Expert Panel Recommendations · 2016 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
77. Interactions between sleepiness and moderate alcohol intake in drivers ↗ · 2006 · Horne, James A. et al. · indexed
78. Effects of Different Blood Alcohol Concentrations and Post-Alcohol Impairment on Driving Behavior and Task Performance ↗ · 2010 · Liu, Yung‐Ching et al. · indexed
79. Arrests and convictions for drunken driving in Virginia before and after adoption of a per se offense. · 1988 · Stoke, Charles B et al. · archived
80. Using vehicle-based sensors of driver behavior to detect alcohol impairment. · 2011 · Lee, John et al. · archived
81. Status report on Virginia's program to combat drug-impaired driving. · 1989 · Jernigan, Jack D · archived
82. Anti-Drunk Driving Program Initiatives: A Prospect Assessment of Future Program Needs · 1990 · Bragdon, David et al. · archived
83. Marijuana-Impaired Driving - A Report to Congress · 2017 · Compton, Richard P. · archived
84. An Analysis of Driving Performance Measures Used to Assess the Effects of Medications on Drowsiness, Sedation and Driving Impairment ↗ · 2001 · Watson, Ginger S et al. · indexed
85. The Effects Following the Implementation of an 0.08 BAC Limit and an Administrative per Se Law in California · 1991 · NHTSA · archived
86. Statistical analysis of alcohol-related driving trends, 1982-2005 · 2008 · Dang, Jennifer N. · archived
87. Low Levels of Alcohol Impair Driving Simulator Performance and Reduce Perception of Crash Risk in Partially Sleep Deprived Subjects ↗ · 2004 · Banks, Siobhan et al. · indexed
88. Prevalence of Motor Vehicle Crashes Involving Drowsy Drivers, United States, 2009-2013 · 2014 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
89. CDOT Cognitive Roadside Device Evaluation Study · 2023 · Lyon, Craig et al. · archived
90. Prevalence of Drowsy Driving Crashes: Estimates from a Large-Scale Naturalistic Driving Study · 2018 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
91. Mental Effort Regulation and the Functional Impairment of the Driver ↗ · 2000 · Fairclough, Stephen H. · indexed
92. The Effects of 0.08 BAC Laws · 1999 · Apsler, Robert et al. · archived
93. P017 Am I sleepy? – Subjective Sleepiness and Drowsy Driving: A systematic review and meta-analysis ↗ · 2021 · Cai, A et al. · indexed
94. 2012 Traffic Safety Culture Index: Motorists Admit to Driving Drowsy · 2012 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
95. Alcohol and Highway Safety: A Bibliography · 1976 · Flynn, Lois · archived
96. Driving Under the Influence, Public Policy, and Pharmacy Practice ↗ · 2014 · Sigona, Nicholas et al. · indexed
97. Effects Of Moderate Sleep Deprivation and Low-Dose Alcohol On Driving Simulator Performance and Perception In Young Men ↗ · 2007 · Vakulin, Andrew et al. · indexed
98. Evaluation of Seven Publicized Enforcement Demonstration Programs to Reduce Impaired Driving: Georgia, Louisiana, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Indiana, and Michigan · 2008 · Fell, James C. et al. · archived
99. Legislative recommendations of the Virginia Highway Safety Commission to the 1972 Virginia General Assembly. · 1971 · Micas, Steven L · archived
100. 0019 Drowsy Driving in a Community Sample: Associations with Sleep Duration, Insomnia Severity, Daytime Sleepiness, and Fatigue ↗ · 2022 · Hamze, Mohi et al. · indexed
101. Proceedings of the 1979 NCA Alcohol and Traffic Safety Session · 1979 · NHTSA · archived
102. An Assessment of Behavioral Tests to Detect Impaired Drivers · 1981 · Snapper, K. J. (Kurt J.) et al. · archived
103. Drug Per Se Laws: A Review of Their Use in the States [Traffic Tech] · 2010 · NHTSA · archived
104. Evaluation of the Impact of the Drug Evaluation and Classification Program on Enforcement and Adjudication · 1992 · Preusser, David F. et al. · archived
105. THE EFFECT OF ALCOHOL ON DRIVING SKILL ↗ · 1940 · Davis, D. F. · indexed
106. Countermeasures That Work – Alcohol-Impaired Driving [Traffic Tech] · 2021 · Jeleniewski, S et al. · archived
107. Fell Asleep and Caused a Fatal Head-On Crash? A Case Study of Multidisciplinary In-Depth Analysis vs. the Court ↗ · 2009 · Radun, Igor et al. · indexed
108. Crash risk perception of sleepy driving and its comparisons with drink driving and speeding: Which behavior is perceived as the riskiest? ↗ · 2015 · Watling, Christopher N. et al. · indexed
109. Effectiveness of the Illinois .08 Law · 2000 · Voas, Robert B. et al. · archived
110. A Review of the Literature on the Effects of Low Doses of Alcohol on Driving-Related Skills · 2000 · Moskowitz, Herbert, 1925- et al. · archived
111. The Problem of “Driving while Stoned” Demands an Aggressive Public Policy Response ↗ · 2018 · Larkin, Paul J. · indexed
112. Revised estimates of the U.S. drowsy driver crash problem size based on general estimates system case reviews ↗ · 1995 · Knipling, R R et al. · indexed
113. Impaired-Driving Leadership Model – Findings Based on Three State Case Studies [Final Report] · 2018 · Coleman, Heidi et al. · archived
114. Results of the 2007 National Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers [Traffic Safety Facts] · 2009 · Compton, Richard et al. · archived
115. Determining a dosage threshold of drink‐driving enforcement operations: A systematic review ↗ · 2022 · O'Hara, Sharon E. et al. · indexed
116. Highway safety : effectiveness of state .08 blood alcohol laws · 1999 · NHTSA · archived
117. Next-Day Effects of Social Drinking on Driver Fatigue and Driving Performance · 2026 · Ahlström, Christer et al. · archived
118. Impaired-Driving Leadership Model – Findings Based on Three State Case Studies [Traffic Tech] · 2018 · NHTSA · archived
119. Drugs, driving and the law : a report to the governor and General Assembly of Virginia. · 1973 · Lorman, Alvin J · archived
120. The NHTSA & NCSDR Program to Combat Drowsy Driving: A Report to Congress on the Collaboration between National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the National Center on Sleep Disorders Research (NCSDR) · 1999 · NHTSA · archived
121. Drivers can poorly predict their own driving impairment: a comparison between measurements of subjective and objective driving quality · 2011 · Verster, Joris C. et al. · archived
122. Federal Impaired Driving Policy: Moving Beyond Half Measures ↗ · 2014 · Solomon, R. et al. · indexed
123. A Study on the Effects of Fatigue Driving and Drunk Driving on Drivers’ Physical Characteristics ↗ · 2014 · Zhang, Xingjian et al. · indexed
124. A Preliminary Assessment of the Impact of Lowering the Illegal per se Limit to 0.08 in Five States · 1994 · Johnson, Delmas Maxwell et al. · archived
125. Changing Behaviors to Prevent Drowsy Driving and Promote Traffic Safety: Review of Proven, Promising, and Unproven Techniques · 1998 · Nguyen, Lan T. et al. · archived
126. Evaluation of New Mexico's Anti-DWI Efforts · 2000 · Lacey, John H. et al. · archived
127. On DWI Laws in Other Countries · 2000 · Stewart, Kathryn · archived
128. Effects of stimulant drugs on actual and simulated driving: perspectives from four experimental studies conducted as part of the DRUID research consortium · 2012 · Ramaekers, Johannes G. et al. · archived
129. A brief assessment of eye blink drowsiness immediately prior to or following driving detects drowsiness related driving impairment ↗ · 2022 · Cori, Jennifer M. et al. · indexed
130. Alcohol Experiments on Driving-Related Behavior: A Review of the 1972–1973 Literature–Alcohol Countermeasures Literature Review · 1974 · Perrine, M. W. · archived
131. Drowsy drivers’ under-performance in lateral control: How much is too much? Using an integrated measure of lateral control to quantify safe lateral driving ↗ · 2015 · van Loon, Roald J. et al. · indexed
132. Driving impairment and altered ocular activity under the effects of alprazolam and alcohol: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study ↗ · 2023 · Aitken, Blair · indexed
133. Compendium of Traffic Safety Research Projects: 1985-1995 and Beyond · 1996 · NHTSA · archived
134. The 2006 National Labor Day Impaired Driving Enforcement Crackdown: Drunk Driving. Over the Limit. Under Arrest · 2008 · Solomon, M. G. (Mark Geoffrey) et al. · archived
135. Quantifying Drowsy Driving [Traffic Safety Facts Research Note] · 2020 · NHTSA · archived
136. Effects of Low Doses of Alcohol on Driving-Related Skills: A Review of the Evidence · 1988 · Moskowitz, Herbert, 1925- et al. · archived
137. A Guide for Statewide Impaired-Driving Task Forces · 2009 · Fell, James C. et al. · archived
138. The Perception of DWI Laws: A Study of the General Awareness and the Attitudes of Public and Official Groups towards the Drinking Driving Laws · 1971 · Borkenstein, R. F. et al. · archived
139. On the Assessment of Criteria for Driver Impairment;In Search of the Golden Yardstick for Driving Performance ↗ · 2003 · Brookhuis, Karel et al. · indexed
140. Psychophysical Tests for DWI Arrest · 1977 · Burns, Marcelline et al. · archived
141. Sensitivity and validity of psychometric tests for assessing driving impairment: effects of sleep deprivation. · 2015 · Jongen, Stefan et al. · archived
142. The criminalization of impaired driving in Canada: assessing the deterrent impact of Canada's first per se law. ↗ · 2004 · Asbridge, Mark et al. · indexed
143. Effects of alcohol intoxication on driving performance, confidence in driving ability, and psychomotor function: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study · 2022 · Garrisson, Harriet et al. · archived
144. Application of a Heavy Vehicle Drowsy Driver Detection System ↗ · 1999 · Grace, Richard et al. · indexed
145. Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to reduce alcohol-impaired driving ↗ · 2001 · Shults, Ruth A. et al. · indexed
146. Towards a framework of driver fitness: Operationalization and comparative risk assessment ↗ · 2024 · de Winkel, Ksander N. et al. · indexed
147. RESEARCH ON VEHICLE-BASED DRIVER STATUS/PERFORMANCE MONITORING; DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION, AND REFINEMENT OF ALGORITHMS FOR DETECTION OF DRIVER DROWSINESS. FINAL REPORT ↗ · 1994 · Wierwille, Walter W. et al. · indexed
148. An Evaluation of Washington State’s 1979 Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) Laws · 1984 · Klingberg, Carl L. et al. · archived
149. Prevalence of motor vehicle crashes involving drowsy drivers, United States, 1999–2008 ↗ · 2012 · Tefft, Brian Christopher · indexed
150. Alcohol Impairment of Performance on Steering and Discrete Tasks in a Driving Simulator · 1974 · Jex, Henry R. et al. · archived
151. Do Drowsy Driver Drugs Differ? ↗ · 2015 · Brown, Timothy et al. · indexed
152. Simulator performance, microsleep episodes, and subjective sleepiness: normative data using convergent methodologies to assess driver drowsiness ↗ · 2006 · Moller, Henry J. et al. · indexed
153. An impaired driver model for safe driving by control of vehicle parameters ↗ · 2013 · Phuc Le, Thanh et al. · indexed
154. Leading Indicators of Drowsiness in Simulated Driving ↗ · 2005 · Kozak, Ksenia et al. · indexed
155. Overview of Major Issues Regarding the Impacts of Alcohol and Marijuana on Driving · 2016 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
156. Awareness of sleepiness when driving ↗ · 2003 · Horne, James A. et al. · indexed
157. Highway Safety: Identifying and Coping with the Impaired Driver ↗ · 1990 · Shinar, David · indexed
158. Report on a National Study of Preliminary Breath Test (PBT) and Illegal per Se Laws: Effectiveness of PBT & IPS Laws · 1981 · Macdonald, Donald et al. · archived
159. Blood alcohol analysis alone versus comprehensive toxicological analysis – Systematic investigation of missed co-ingested other drugs in suspected alcohol-impaired drivers ↗ · 2016 · Steuer, Andrea E. et al. · indexed
160. The Detection of DWI at BACs below 0.10 · 1997 · Stuster, Jack, 1947- · archived
161. An analysis of current Virginia statutes relating to driving under the influence of drugs. · 1972 · Ames, W. Allen · archived
162. Drinking-and-driving in the United States from 1983 to 2017: Comparing survey and model-based estimates of prevalence ↗ · 2021 · Dunn, Richard A. et al. · indexed
163. Evaluation of Utah’s .05 BAC Per Se Law · 2022 · Thomas, F. Dennis et al. · archived
164. Drug-Impaired Driving Data Collection: Report to Congress · 2024 · Atkins, Randolph G. et al. · archived
165. Investigating the Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Manual and Automated Driving: A Systematic Review · 2024 · Dong, Miaomiao et al. · archived
166. Vision-based Analysis of Driver Activity and Driving Performance Under the Influence of Alcohol ↗ · 2023 · Greer, Ross et al. · indexed
167. Variation of performance, of self-reported alertness and effort as a function of low doses of alcohol and of driving experience · 2020 · Berthelon, Catherine et al. · archived
168. 2013–2014 National Roadside Study of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers: Alcohol Results · 2016 · Ramirez, Anthony et al. · archived
169. A Framework for “Driving Under the Influenceof Drugs” Policy for the Opioid Using Driver ↗ · 2012 · Wilhelmi, Brian G. · indexed
170. Legislative approaches to increasing Virginia's conviction rate for drug-related DUI. · 1992 · Lau, Robyne R et al. · archived
171. Prevalence of Self-Reported Drowsy Driving, United States: 2015 · 2015 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
172. On-the-Road Driving Behavior and Breath Alcohol Concentration · 1976 · Damkot, David K. et al. · archived
173. Short-term License Suspensions for Drinking Drivers · 2007 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
174. 0.08 BAC Illegal Per Se Level · 1996 · NHTSA · archived
175. How Dangerous Are Drinking Drivers? · 2001 · Levitt, Steven D. et al. · archived
176. Sleepiness and the risk of road traffic accidents: A systematic review and meta-analysis of previous studies ↗ · 2018 · Moradi, Ali et al. · indexed
177. Driver impairment at night and its relation to physiological sleepiness ↗ · 2008 · Anund, Anna et al. · indexed
178. Is law enforcement of drug-impaired driving cost-efficient? An explorative study of a methodology for cost–benefit analysis ↗ · 2013 · Veisten, Knut et al. · indexed
179. Evaluation of the National Impaired Driving High-Visibility Enforcement Campaign: 2003–2005 · 2007 · NHTSA · archived
180. Assessment of Older Driver Performance Under Low Level Alcohol Impairment · 2013 · Sodhi, Manbir et al. · archived
181. Low and moderate alcohol doses, psychomotor performance and perceived drowsiness ↗ · 1983 · Landauer, Ali A. et al. · indexed
182. Alcohol Involvement in Fatal Crashes: Comparisons among Countries · 2001 · Stewart, Kathryn · archived
183. Obstacles to Enforcement of Youthful (under 21) Impaired Driving · 1992 · Preusser, David F. et al. · archived
184. State of Montana impaired driver assessment, October 22-26, 2001 · 2002 · NHTSA · archived
185. Use of Intermediaries in DWI Deterrence. Volume 3, Dram Shop Acts, Common Law Liability and State Alcoholic Beverage Control (ABC) Enforcement as Potential DWI Countermeasures · 1983 · Wagner, Marvin H. et al. · archived
186. Assessment of Drowsy Driving Associated Characteristics Using Deep Learning ↗ · 2023 · Naeem, Marwan et al. · indexed
187. New Mexico’s Comprehensive Impaired-Driving Program: A Case Study · 2014 · Ramirez, Anthony et al. · archived
188. Drunk Driving Warning System (DDWS). Volume 2, Field Test Evaluation · 1983 · Allen, R. Wade et al. · archived
189. Colorado drugged driving prevalence and impaired driving conviction rates: Effects of impaired driving definitions and a 5-nanogram limit for delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol ↗ · 2024 · Wood, Edward C. · indexed
190. Legislative History of .08 Per Se Laws · 2001 · Rodriguez-Iglesias, C. et al. · archived
191. Effects of Legalization of Marijuana on Traffic: Transportation Research Synthesis · 2024 · NHTSA · archived
192. Acute Alcohol Impairment Research in Driving Simulators ↗ · 2011 · Creaser, Janet et al. · indexed
193. Using Alcohol as a Standard to Assess the Degree of Impairment Induced by Sedative and Analgesic Drugs Used in Ambulatory Surgery  ↗ · 1995 · Thapar, Pankaj et al. · indexed
194. Effects of Low Doses of Alcohol on Driving-Related Skills: A Review of the Evidence · 2007 · Moskowitz, H et al. · archived
195. Identification and Testing of Countermeasures for Specific Alcohol Accident Types and Problems. Volume 2, General Driver Alcohol Problem · 1984 · Ranney, Thomas A. et al. · archived
196. Statement of Diane K. Steed, Deputy Administrator, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, before the Subcommittee on Courts, Senate Committee on the Judiciary · 1981 · Steed, Diane K. · archived
197. Protocol for the development and validation of a driving simulator for evaluating the influence of drugs on driving performance ↗ · 2019 · Iwata, Mari et al. · indexed
198. Potentially Driver-Impairing (PDI) Medication Use in Medically Impaired Adults Referred for Driving Evaluation ↗ · 2014 · Hetland, Amanda J. et al. · indexed
199. Alcohol and Highway Safety: Behavioral and Medical Aspects [Final Report] · 1971 · Perrine, M. W. et al. · archived
200. Court Intervention: Pre-sentence Investigation Techniques for Drinking/Driving Offenses. Participant’s Manual · 1980 · NHTSA · archived
201. A Summary Report of Six Demonstration Projects to Reduce Alcohol-Impaired Driving among 21- to 34-Year-Old Drivers · 2008 · NHTSA · archived
202. Worldwide Trends in Alcohol and Drug Impaired Driving ↗ · 2004 · SWEEDLER, B. M. et al. · indexed
203. Exploring differences between self-report and electrophysiological indices of drowsy driving: A usability examination of a personal brain-computer interface device ↗ · 2020 · Dunbar, Jerone et al. · indexed
204. The Maintenance of Wakefulness Test and Driving Simulator Performance ↗ · 2005 · Banks, Siobhan et al. · indexed
205. THE PERCEPTION OF RISK INVOLVED IN ALCOHOL-IMPAIRED DRIVING ↗ · 1997 · Bergeron, Jacques et al. · indexed
206. Digest of Impaired Driving and Selected Beverage Control Laws [2006] · 2006 · NHTSA · archived
207. Ethanol and Sleep Loss: A “Dose” Comparison of Impairing Effects ↗ · 2003 · Roehrs, Timothy et al. · indexed
208. The sensitivity of laboratory tests assessing driving related skills to dose-related impairment of alcohol: A literature review ↗ · 2016 · Jongen, Stefan et al. · indexed
209. Development and Field Test of Psychophysical Tests for DWI Arrest · 1981 · Tharp, V. et al. · archived
210. Digest of Impaired Driving and Selected Beverage Control Laws [2007] · 2007 · NHTSA · archived
211. A Florida Validation Study of the Standardized Field Sobriety Test (S.F.S.T.) Battery · 1997 · Burns, Marcelline et al. · archived
212. Implementation plan for combating the drug-impaired driver. · 1988 · Jernigan, Jack D · archived
213. Drinking and Driving Trips, Stops by the Police, and Arrests: Analyses of the 1995 Survey of Drinking and Driving Attitudes and Behaviors · 2001 · Zador, Paul et al. · archived
214. The Impact of Alcohol Hangover on Simulated Driving Performance during a ‘Commute to Work’—Zero and Residual Alcohol Effects Compared ↗ · 2020 · Alford, Chris et al. · indexed
215. State of Montana: Impaired Driving Assessment · 2005 · NHTSA · archived
216. Assessing driver status: A demonstration experiment on the road ↗ · 1991 · de Waard, Dick et al. · indexed
217. Alcohol and driving-related performance - A comprehensive meta-analysis focusing the significance of the non-significant ↗ · 2011 · Schnabel, Eva · indexed
218. An Assessment of the Effects of Implementing and Publicizing Administrative License Revocation for DWI in Nevada · 1990 · Lacey, J. J. et al. · archived
219. Alcohol and Highway Safety Laws: A National Overview: 1981 · 1982 · NHTSA · archived
220. Pilot Test of New Roadside Survey Methodology for Impaired Driving · 2007 · Lacey, John H. et al. · archived
221. Results of the 2013–2014 National Roadside Study of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers [Traffic Safety Facts] · 2017 · Berning, Amy et al. · archived
222. Effects of acute alcohol consumption on measures of simulated driving: A systematic review and meta-analysis · 2017 · Irwin, Christopher et al. · archived
223. 2007 National Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers: Alcohol Results · 2009 · Lacey, John H. et al. · archived
224. West Virginia’s Impaired Driving High-Visibility Enforcement Campaign, 2003–2005 · 2007 · Zwicker, T. J. et al. · archived
225. Driver drowsiness detection using single-channel dry EEG ↗ · 2017 · Song, Xiaomu et al. · indexed
226. Impact of the Legalization and Decriminalization of Marijuana on the DWI System: Highlights from the Expert Panel Meeting · 2017 · NHTSA · archived
227. A Review of Alcohol‐Impaired Driving: The Role of Blood Alcohol Concentration and Complexity of the Driving Task ↗ · 2013 · Martin, T.L. et al. · indexed
228. Eye-Blink Parameters Detect On-Road Track-Driving Impairment Following Severe Sleep Deprivation ↗ · 2019 · Soleimanloo, Shamsi Shekari et al. · indexed
229. EFFECTS OF LOW ALCOHOL DOSAGES: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ↗ · 1993 · Krueger, H-P · indexed
230. Alcoholic Beverage Server Liability and the Reduction of Alcohol-Related Problems: Evaluation of Dram Shop Laws: Final Report · 1990 · Holder, H. et al. · archived
231. Drugs and Driving ↗ · 2004 · WALSH, J. MICHAEL et al. · indexed
232. Convergent validity of video-based observer rating of drowsiness, against subjective, behavioral, and physiological measures · 2023 · Uchiyama, Yuji et al. · archived
233. Reducing Alcohol-Impaired Driving: Surveys for Use in Measuring Program Effectiveness · 1983 · Snyder, Monroe B. et al. · archived
234. Comparison of driving simulator performance with real driving after alcohol intake: A randomised, single blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial ↗ · 2013 · Helland, Arne et al. · indexed
235. Effects of Alcohol and Sleep Restriction on Simulated Driving Performance in Untreated Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea ↗ · 2009 · Vakulin, Andrew et al. · indexed
236. A campaign to reduce impaired driving through retail-oriented enforcement in Washington State · 2008 · Ramirez, Rebecca et al. · archived
237. Responsibility analysis: A methodology to study the effects of drugs in driving ↗ · 1994 · Robertson, Michael D. et al. · indexed
238. Results of the 2013–2014 National Roadside Study of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers [Traffic Safety Facts] · 2015 · Berning, Amy et al. · archived
239. Criteria for driver impairment ↗ · 2003 · BROOKHUIS, K. A. et al. · indexed
240. Virginia's program to combat drug-related DUI, 1988-1989. · 1992 · Jernigan, Jack D · archived
241. Drinking-driving attitudes: a survey of Fairfax County. · 1973 · Rodman, Reed M. · archived
242. Efficacy and feasibility of a breath sensor for detecting driver fatigue and drowsiness ↗ · 2024 · Schulman, Carl I. et al. · indexed
243. Effects of alcohol intoxication goggles (fatal vision goggles) with a concurrent cognitive task on simulated driving performance · 2019 · Irwin, Christopher et al. · archived
244. Examining signs of driver sleepiness, usage of sleepiness countermeasures and the associations with sleepy driving behaviours and individual factors · 2015 · Watling, Christopher N. et al. · archived
245. Issues concerning the adoption of an administrative per se statute by the Commonwealth of Virginia. · 1989 · Virkar, Salil R et al. · archived
246. Sleepiness, Driving, and Motor Vehicle Crashes ↗ · 1998 · Lyznicki, James M. · indexed
247. Manual for a Selective Traffic Enforcement Program for Alcohol-Related Motor Vehicle Crashes · 1972 · NHTSA · archived
248. Deterring driving under the influence of cannabis ↗ · 2015 · Huestis, Marilyn A. · indexed
249. The Deterrent Capability of Sobriety Checkpoints: Summary of the American Literature · 1992 · Ross, H. Laurence (Hugh Laurence) · archived
250. Uppiggande effekter av sömnskattningar: Hur påverkar det GSR och förarövervakning? · 2026 · Ahlström, Christer et al. · archived
251. The General Deterrence of Driving While Intoxicated. Volume 1, System Analysis and Computer-Based Simulation · 1978 · Summers, Leland G. et al. · archived
252. Young Drivers and the Risk for Drowsy Driving ↗ · 2013 · Ebel, Beth E. · indexed
253. The Relationship between Impaired Driving Crashes and Beliefs about Impaired Driving: Do Residents in High Crash Rate Counties Have Greater Concerns about Impaired Driving? ↗ · 2009 · Beck, Kenneth H. et al. · indexed
254. Feasibility of force platform based roadside drowsiness screening – A pilot study ↗ · 2014 · Forsman, Pia et al. · indexed
255. Consensus Statement: Fatigue and accidents in transport operations ↗ · 2000 · Åkerstedt, Torbjörn · indexed
256. Validation of the Standardized Field Sobriety Test Battery at BACs below 0.10 Percent · 2007 · Stuster, Jack 1947- et al. · archived
257. Effects of alcohol on highway driving in the STISIM driving simulator ↗ · 2011 · Mets, Monique A. J. et al. · indexed
258. National Survey of Drinking and Driving Attitudes and Behavior: 2001. Volume 1, Summary Report · 2003 · Royal, Dawn · archived
259. Validation of the Standardized Field Sobriety Test Battery at BACs below 0.10 Percent · 1998 · Stuster, Jack, 1947- et al. · archived
260. The Combined Effect of Alcohol and Sleepiness on Eye Tracking Features: Implications for Driver Monitoring Systems ↗ · 2025 · Ahlström, Christer et al. · indexed
261. Effect of moderated doses of alcohol on behavior of drivers confronted to simulated scenarios of accident ↗ · 2011 · Meskali, Mohamed et al. · indexed
262. Countermeasures to driver fatigue: a review of public awareness campaigns and legal approaches ↗ · 2005 · Fletcher, A. et al. · indexed
263. Drinking and driving: A systematic review of the impacts of alcohol consumption on manual and automated driving performance ↗ · 2024 · Dong, Miaomiao et al. · indexed
264. Best Practices of Successful State Impaired-Driving Task Forces · 2024 · Fell, James C. et al. · archived
265. Fatigued and drowsy driving: A survey of attitudes, opinions and behaviors ↗ · 2008 · Vanlaar, Ward et al. · indexed
266. Resources to Prevent Impaired Driving in Rural Areas · 2025 · Redden, Carrie et al. · archived
267. Sleepiness at the wheel across Europe: a survey of 19 countries · 2015 · Gonçalves, Marta et al. · archived
268. Examining New Mexico’s Comprehensive Impaired Driving Program [Traffic Tech] · 2014 · NHTSA · archived
269. Strategic Evaluation States Initiative: Case Studies of Alaska, Georgia, and West Virginia · 2008 · Syner, Joey et al. · archived
270. Drug Effects on Driving Performance ↗ · 2000 · de Waard, Dick et al. · indexed
271. Sleep-deprived motor vehicle operators are unfit to drive: a multidisciplinary expert consensus statement on drowsy driving ↗ · 2016 · Czeisler, Charles A. et al. · indexed
272. Drug Use and Highway Safety: A Review of the Literature · 1971 · Nichols, James L. · archived
273. Alcohol Safety Countermeasures Program: Special Analytical Study · 1970 · NHTSA · archived
274. Pilot Test of Selected DWI Detection Procedures for Use at Sobriety Checkpoints · 1985 · Compton, Richard P. · archived
275. A Realtime Driver Drowsiness Detection Application Using Facial Pattern Recognition with Inbuilt Map, Navigation System and Location Features. ↗ · 2023 · F, Ajayi Oluwabukola et al. · indexed
276. Alcohol & drug use among drivers : British Columbia roadside survey 2008 · 2009 · Beirness, Douglas J. et al. · archived
277. Minnesota’s Double-Barrelled Implied Consent Law: A 1983 Update of “Analytical Study of the Legal and Operational Aspects of the Minnesota Law Entitled ‘Chemical Test for Intoxication’”(DOT HS 806 170) by Robert H. Reeder · 1983 · Lowery, Forst · archived
278. Visual Detection of Driving While Intoxicated. Project Interim Report: Identification of Visual Cues and Development of Detection Methods · 1979 · Harris, Douglas H., 1930- et al. · archived
279. Youth Driving without Impairment: Report on the Youth Impaired Driving, Public Hearings: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Fort Worth, Seattle · 1988 · NHTSA · archived
280. Digest of State Alcohol-Highway Safety Related Legislation. Twentieth Edition. Current as of January 1, 2002 · 2002 · NHTSA · archived
281. Individual Variability and Predictors of Driving Simulator Impairment in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea ↗ · 2014 · Vakulin, Andrew et al. · indexed
282. Enforcement, Adjudication and Public Information Strategies for the General Deterrence of Driving While Intoxicated: Information for Potential Field Site Participants · 1982 · Anderson, Theodore E. et al. · archived
283. Alcohol and driving: is the 0.05% blood alcohol concentration limit justified? ↗ · 1991 · Howat, Peter et al. · indexed
284. Sleepiness and driving: The experience of U.K. car drivers ↗ · 1997 · Maycock, G. · indexed
285. Refusal of Intoxication Testing: A Report to Congress · 2008 · Berning, Amy et al. · archived
286. Breath analyser market is set to grow: a road safety perspective ↗ · 2007 · Radun, I. et al. · indexed
287. Detection of drowsiness to ensure safety while driving ↗ · 2024 · Manoli, Sunil et al. · indexed
288. Assessing Driver Fatigue as a Factor in Road Accidents ↗ · 2007 · Sirois, William et al. · indexed
289. Targets of Opportunity: Community Based Alcohol Programs · 1988 · Anikeeff, Pamela Tatiana · archived
290. National Survey of Drinking and Driving, Attitudes and Behavior: 1999. Volume 1, Findings · 2000 · Royal, Dawn · archived
291. The effects of cannabis and alcohol on driving performance and driver behaviour: a systematic review and meta‐analysis · 2022 · Simmons, Sarah M. et al. · archived
292. Keeping us on track: a national program to reduce impaired driving in the United States ↗ · 2001 · Fell, J. · indexed
293. Digest of State Alcohol-Highway Safety Related Legislation, Current as of January 1, 1998. Sixteenth Edition · 1998 · NHTSA · archived
294. Deterrent Effects of Mandatory License Suspension for DWI Conviction · 1987 · Blomberg, Richard D. et al. · archived
295. Effects of Drugs and Alcohol on Driver Performance · 1972 · Case, H. W. et al. · archived
296. Have drivers at alcohol outlets changed their behavior after the new traffic law? · 2014 · De Boni, Raquel B. et al. · archived
297. Connecticut’s 2003 Impaired-Driving High-Visibility Enforcement Campaign · 2007 · Zwicker, T. J. et al. · archived
298. A review of drug use and driving: epidemiology, impairment, risk factors and risk perceptions ↗ · 2004 · KELLY, ERIN et al. · indexed
299. Potential Enforcement, Adjudication and Public Information Strategies for the General Deterrence of Driving While Intoxicated · 1983 · Anderson, Theodore E. et al. · archived
300. System Analysis of Alcohol Countermeasures · 1976 · Moore, William S. et al. · archived
301. 2016 Digest of State Laws: Driving Under the Influence of Drugs, First Edition · 2018 · Boddie, Amanda et al. · archived
302. International Conference on Research Methodology for Roadside Surveys of Drinking-Driving: Alcohol Countermeasures Workshop · 1974 · Carr, Brian et al. · archived
303. The hazardous (mis)perception of Self-estimated Alcohol intoxication and Fitness to drivE—an avoidable health risk: the SAFE randomised trial · 2021 · Köchling, Jöran et al. · archived
304. Simplifying the Process for Identifying Drug Combinations by Drug Recognition Experts ↗ · 2010 · Porath-Waller, Amy J. et al. · indexed
305. Drivers' perceived legitimacy of enforcement practices for sleep-related crashes: What are the associated factors? ↗ · 2018 · Watling, Christopher N. · indexed
306. How to Save Lives and Reduce Injuries: A Citizen Activist Guide to Effectively Fight Drunk Driving · 1982 · NHTSA · archived
307. Neurobehavioral Performance of Residents After Heavy Night Call vs After Alcohol Ingestion ↗ · 2005 · Arnedt, J. Todd et al. · indexed
308. Open Container Laws and Alcohol Involved Crashes: Some Preliminary Data · 2002 · Stuster, Jack, 1947- et al. · archived
309. Digest of state alcohol-highway safety related legislation : current as of January 1, 1999 · 1999 · NHTSA · archived
310. Fatal Alcohol-Related Traffic Crashes Increase Subsequent to Changes to and from Daylight Savings Time ↗ · 1998 · Hicks, Gregory J. et al. · indexed
311. Study on Non-Prosecution Criteria for Dangerous Driving Crime of Driving a Motor Vehicle on a Road While Intoxicated ↗ · 2023 · Song, Hao · indexed
312. The Effects of Alcohol Hangover on Mood and Performance Assessed at Home ↗ · 2020 · Alford, Chris et al. · indexed
313. Most of UK is now out of step with rest of Europe on drink driving limits ↗ · 2014 · Christie, B. · indexed
314. Problems and Improvement Measures of Identifying Opinions in Drunk Driving Hazardous Driving Cases -An Empirical Study Based on 63 Judgment Documents ↗ · 2020 · Lingli, Shi et al. · indexed
315. Study warns that loosened legislation is driving deforestation in Bahia’s Cerrado ↗ · 2024 · Oliveira, Elizabeth · indexed