gap acceptance

Gap acceptance: the discrete decision of whether to accept or reject a temporal or spatial gap in conflicting traffic when merging, crossing, or turning, including critical-gap thresholds and accepted/rejected gap distributions. A bounded GO/NO-GO judgment about a quantified gap, distinct from anticipation (predicting how the scene will evolve), mental_model_of_traffic (the background expectations the decision draws on), and hazard_perception (recognizing danger rather than timing a maneuver).

330 paper(s) · ranked by relevance to this topic

1. MODELING OF THE GAP ACCEPTANCE BEHAVIOR AT A MERGING SECTION OF URBAN FREEWAY ↗ · 2008 · Hwang, Sun Yon et al. · indexed
2. Response times in drivers' gap acceptance decisions during overtaking · 2023 · Abbink, David A. · archived
3. Should I Stay or Should I Go? Cognitive Modeling of Left-Turn Gap Acceptance Decisions in Human Drivers · 2022 · Zgonnikov, Arkady et al. · archived
4. Safety and Operational Assessment of Gap Acceptance Through Large-Scale Field Evaluation ↗ · 2023 · Tupper, Steven Maxwell · indexed
5. Field Study of Gap Acceptance by Left-Turning Drivers ↗ · 2004 · Davis, Gary A. et al. · indexed
6. A cognitive process approach to modeling gap acceptance in overtaking · 2023 · Mohammad, Samir H.A. et al. · archived
7. Now or never: Eye tracking and response times reveal the dynamics of highway merging decisions ↗ · 2026 · Zgonnikov, Arkady et al. · indexed
8. Estimation of Driver Behavior Model Parameters ↗ · 1990 · Golias, John C. et al. · indexed
9. Now or never: Eye tracking and response times reveal the dynamics of highway merging decisions ↗ · 2023 · Zgonnikov, Arkady et al. · indexed
10. Understanding the Mechanism of Gap-Acceptance Behavior at Roundabouts: A Cumulative Prospect Theory and Drift-Diffusion Model Framework ↗ · 2026 · Bai, Congcong et al. · indexed
11. Alternative Definitions of Passing Critical Gaps · 2011 · Toledo, Tomer et al. · archived
12. The Analysis and Interpretation of Gap Acceptance Data ↗ · 1970 · Ashworth, Robert · indexed
13. Analyzing Microscopic Behavior: Driver Mandatory Lane Change Behavior on a Multilane Freeway · 2008 · Bham, Ghulam H. · archived
14. Modelling the effects of stress on gap-acceptance decisions combining data from driving simulator and physiological sensors · 2018 · Paschalidis, Evangelos et al. · archived
15. Pedestrian gap acceptance for mid-block street crossing ↗ · 2013 · Yannis, George et al. · indexed
16. Observation of Gap Acceptance During Intersection Approach ↗ · 2007 · Cody, Delphine et al. · indexed
17. Should I stay or should I go? Evidence accumulation drives decision making in human drivers · 2020 · Abbink, David A. · archived
18. Should I stay or should I go? Evidence accumulation drives decision making in human drivers ↗ · 2020 · Zgonnikov, Arkady et al. · indexed
19. Measuring Critical Gap ↗ · 1983 · Hewitt, R. H. · indexed
20. Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Driver Gap Acceptance Behavior at Modern Roundabouts ↗ · 2013 · Fitzpatrick, Cole D. et al. · indexed
21. Empirical Analysis of Effects of Wait Time and Rain Intensity on Driver Left-Turn Gap Acceptance Behavior ↗ · 2010 · Zohdy, Ismail et al. · indexed
22. Gap-acceptance behavior at roundabouts: validation of a driving simulator environment using field observations · 2020 · Rossi, Riccardo et al. · archived
23. Development and evaluation of a microscopic overtaking gap acceptance model for two-lane highways · 2016 · Ghods, Amir H. et al. · archived
24. On the relationship between pedestrian gap acceptance and time to arrival estimates ↗ · 2014 · Petzoldt, Tibor · indexed
25. Gap Acceptance at Atypical Stop-Controlled Intersections ↗ · 1999 · Gattis, J. L. et al. · indexed
26. Factors Affecting the Variability of Driver Gap-Acceptance Behaviour ↗ · 1978 · BOTTOM, C. G. et al. · indexed
27. Modeling Driver Behavior During Merge Maneuvers · 1997 · Kou, C. C. et al. · archived
28. Left turn gap acceptance in a simulator: Driving skill or driving style? ↗ · 2010 · de Winter, Joost et al. · indexed
29. Left turn gap acceptance in a simulator: Driving skill or driving style? ↗ · 2010 · de Winter, Joost et al. · indexed
30. Pedestrian gap acceptance behavior at unsignalized mid-block crossing under mixed traffic conditions ↗ · 2025 · Piyalungka, Satanan et al. · indexed
31. Exploration of Pedestrian Gap-Acceptance Behavior at Selected Locations ↗ · 2006 · Brewer, Marcus A. et al. · indexed
32. Exploration of Pedestrian Gap-Acceptance Behavior at Selected Locations ↗ · 2006 · Brewer, Marcus A. et al. · indexed
33. Development of Gap Acceptance Fuzzy Models Using Data from Driving Simulator Experiments ↗ · 2011 · Rossi, Riccardo et al. · indexed
34. Impact of Geometry and Operations on Left-Turn Gap Acceptance at Signalized Intersections with Permissive Indication ↗ · 2021 · Claros, Boris et al. · indexed
35. Modeling drivers’ dilemma at unsignalized T-intersections under mixed traffic conditions: A case study from India ↗ · 2024 · Pawar, Nishant Mukund et al. · indexed
36. Comparative Analysis of Random Utility Models and Fuzzy Logic Models for Representing Gap-Acceptance Behavior Using Data from Driving Simulator Experiments ↗ · 2012 · Rossi, Riccardo et al. · indexed
37. Walk or wait?: An empirical analysis of street crossing decisions ↗ · 0 · Das, Sanghamitra et al. · indexed
38. Drivers' gap acceptance and time to arrival judgements when confronted with approaching bicycles and e-bicycles ↗ · 2020 · Schleinitz, Katja et al. · indexed
39. Comparing the Gap Acceptance and Turn Time Patterns of Novice With Experienced Drivers for Turns Across Traffic ↗ · 2009 · Mitsopoulos-Rubens, Eve et al. · indexed
40. Baseline Analysis of Driver Performance at Intersections for the Left-Turn Assist and Intersection Movement Assist Applications · 2020 · Stevens, Scott et al. · archived
41. A merging interaction model explains human drivers' behaviour from input signals to decisions · 2023 · Abbink, David A. · archived
42. Exploring pedestrian gap acceptance behaviour using immersive CAVE experiments: A multilevel logit regression ↗ · 2026 · Zhu, Manman et al. · indexed
43. A Signal Detection Theory Analysis of a Driving Decision Task: Spatial Gap Acceptance ↗ · 1988 · Wolf, Yuval et al. · indexed
44. Critical Gap in Roundabouts – A Short Comparison of Estimation Methods ↗ · 2022 · Al Hasanat, Haitham et al. · indexed
45. SHRP2 Naturalistic Data Analysis of Older Drivers’ Gap-Acceptance Behaviour ↗ · 2022 · Srinivasan Rammanoharan, Sneha et al. · indexed
46. A model of dyadic merging interactions explains human drivers’ behavior from control inputs to decisions · 2024 · Abbink, David A. · archived
47. A passing gap acceptance model for two-lane rural highways ↗ · 2009 · Farah, Haneen et al. · indexed
48. Characterization of arterial traffic congestion through analysis of operational parameters (gap acceptance and lane changing). · 2010 · Gurupackiam, Saravanan et al. · archived
49. Studies of Weaving and Merging Traffic: A Symposium · 1948 · Wynn, Frederick Houston et al. · archived
50. Human Merging Behavior in a Coupled Driving Simulator: How Do We Resolve Conflicts? · 2024 · Siebinga, Olger et al. · archived
51. Gap-Acceptance Behavior at Priority Intersection: Field Observations Versus Experiments with Driving Simulator ↗ · 2011 · Rossi, Riccardo et al. · indexed
52. Human Merging Behavior in a Coupled Driving Simulator: How Do We Resolve Conflicts? · 2024 · Abbink, David A. · archived
53. Drivers’ gap acceptance behaviours at intersections: A driving simulator study to understand the impact of mobile phone visual-manual interactions ↗ · 2020 · Li, Xiaomeng et al. · indexed
54. Driver Behavior and Gap-Acceptance Characteristics at Roundabouts in California ↗ · 2008 · Xu, Feng et al. · indexed
55. Merging in a Coupled Driving Simulator: How do drivers resolve conflicts? · 2023 · Abbink, David A. · archived
56. Capacity and performance of roundabouts ↗ · 1999 · Al-Masaeid, Hashem R · indexed
57. Modeling Lane Change Gap Acceptance and Duration Using Shanghai Naturalistic Driving Data ↗ · 2018 · Yang, Minming et al. · indexed
58. Logit-Based Merging Behavior Model for Uncontrolled Intersections in China ↗ · 2014 · Liu, Miaomiao et al. · indexed
59. Explaining unsafe pedestrian road crossing behaviours using a Psychophysics-based gap acceptance model ↗ · 2022 · Tian, Kai et al. · indexed
60. Unscripted Negotiations: Scene Characterization and Pedestrian Gap Acceptance Modeling from Naturalistic Trajectories at an Urban Desire Line ↗ · 2026 · Liu, Zihan et al. · indexed
61. Study of passing gap acceptance behavior using a driving simulator ↗ · 2007 · Farah, Haneen et al. · indexed
62. Deconstructing Pedestrian Crossing Decisions in Interactions With Continuous Traffic: An Anthropomorphic Model ↗ · 2024 · Tian, Kai et al. · indexed
63. Development of Countermeasures for Driver Maneuver Errors · 1999 · Hanscom, Fred R et al. · archived
64. Gap Acceptance and Time-To-Arrival Estimates as Basis for Informal Communication between Pedestrians and Vehicles ↗ · 2017 · Beggiato, Matthias et al. · indexed
65. Unveiling gap acceptance behaviour during lane change with EDIV data: A deep dive into driving behaviour on expressway using a three level mixed effect linear regression approach ↗ · 2024 · Gupta, Akshay et al. · indexed
66. Comparing Direct Transferability of Logit and Fuzzy Logic Models of Gap Acceptance at Unsignalized Intersections ↗ · 2015 · Gastaldi, Massimiliano et al. · indexed
67. Development of Empirical Models to Predict Gap Acceptance Parameter Based on the Geometrical and Operational Parameters of Different Roundabouts ↗ · 2023 · Al Hasanat, Haitham A. et al. · indexed
68. The effects of age and traffic density on street-crossing behavior ↗ · 2013 · Lobjois, Régis et al. · indexed
69. Effect of Vehicular Lanes on Pedestrian Gap Acceptance Behaviour ↗ · 2013 · Kadali, B. Raghuram et al. · indexed
70. Passing Behavior on Two-Lane Roads in Real and Simulated Environments ↗ · 2016 · Llorca, Carlos et al. · indexed
71. Impact of Inclement Weather on Left-Turn Gap Acceptance Behavior of Drivers ↗ · 2011 · Zohdy, Ismail et al. · indexed
72. Behavioral Models and Characteristics of Bicycle-Automobile Mixed-Traffic: Planning and Engineering Implications · 1998 · Taylor, Dean Brantley et al. · archived
73. Comparison of Procedures to Estimate Critical Headways at Roundabouts · 1970 · Vasconcelos, António Luís Pimentel et al. · archived
74. Validation study - on-road evaluation of the Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance System - Stop Sign Assist sign : (CICAS-SSA Report #5). · 2009 · Rakauskas, Michael et al. · archived
75. Assistance Method for Merging by Increasing Clarity of Decision Making ↗ · 2018 · Suehiro, Yuki et al. · indexed
76. Understanding Driver Cognition and Decision-Making Behaviors in High-Risk Scenarios: A Drift Diffusion Perspective · 2025 · Huang, Heye et al. · archived
77. Gap acceptance behavior at unsignalized intersections: Effects of using a phone and a music player while driving ↗ · 2019 · Choudhary, Pushpa et al. · indexed
78. Empirically-based performance assessment & simulation of pedestrian behavior at unsignalized crossings. · 2014 · Schroeder, Bastian et al. · archived
79. Time to Arrival Estimates, (Pedestrian) Gap Acceptance and the Size Arrival Effect ↗ · 2017 · Petzoldt, Tibor et al. · indexed
80. The interplay of personality traits with drivers’ gap acceptance ↗ · 2022 · Hensch, Ann-Christin et al. · indexed
81. Models of human decision-making as tools for estimating and optimising impacts of vehicle automation · 2017 · Markkula, Gustav et al. · archived
82. An investigation into human-autonomous vs. human-human vehicle interaction in time-critical situations ↗ · 2019 · Trende, Alexander et al. · indexed
83. Dynamics of Pedestrian Crossing Decisions Based on Vehicle Trajectories in Large-Scale Simulated and Real-World Data ↗ · 2019 · Terwilliger, Jack et al. · indexed
84. Relationship between Critical Gap and Certain Geometrical Parameters in Roundabouts ↗ · 2022 · Haitham, Al Hasanat et al. · indexed
85. Interactive merging behavior in a coupled driving simulator: Experimental framework and case study · 2022 · Siebinga, Olger et al. · archived
86. The development and validation of video-based measures of drivers’ following distance and gap acceptance behaviours ↗ · 2020 · Horswill, Mark S. et al. · indexed
87. Effects of Oncoming Vehicle Size on Overtaking Judgments · 2014 · Levulis, Samuel J. et al. · archived
88. Interactive merging behavior in a coupled driving simulator: Experimental framework and case study · 2022 · Abbink, David A. · archived
89. Comparative Analysis of Pedestrian Crossing Behaviour Before and After the Construction of a Pedestrian Overpass ↗ · 2026 · Alver, Yalcin et al. · indexed
90. Evaluating Safety Performance and Developing Guidelines for the Use of Right Turn on Red (RTOR) · 2012 · Yi, Qi et al. · archived
91. Analysis of Driver Merging Behavior at Lane Drops on Freeways · 2013 · Edara, Praveen et al. · archived
92. Variable-Drift Diffusion Models of Pedestrian Road-Crossing Decisions ↗ · 2021 · Pekkanen, Jami et al. · indexed
93. Operational Performance Measures of American Roundabouts ↗ · 1997 · Flannery, Aimee et al. · indexed
94. Age-related differences in street-crossing decisions: The effects of vehicle speed and time constraints on gap selection in an estimation task ↗ · 2007 · Lobjois, Régis et al. · indexed
95. Agent-Based Game Theory Modeling for Driverless Vehicles at Intersections · 2013 · Rakha, Hesham A. et al. · archived
96. Using Driving Simulators in Road Design–A Road Safety Study of Merging Traffic in Tunnels · 2015 · Patten, Christopher JD · archived
97. Factors influencing the probability of an incident at a junction: results from an interactive driving simulator ↗ · 2002 · Alexander, Jennifer et al. · indexed
98. Capacity of Freeway Merge Areas with Different On-Ramp Traffic Flow · 2015 · Shen, Jinxing et al. · archived
99. Explaining human interactions on the road by large-scale integration of computational psychological theory · 2023 · Markkula, Gustav et al. · archived
100. Development of a Prototype Safety Advisory System to Aid Senior Citizens in Gap Selection · 2023 · Yi, Ping · archived
101. Connected vehicle enabled freeway merge management - field test. · 2016 · Smith, Brian et al. · archived
102. A perspective from competitive-cooperative driving modes: Identification of vehicle merging behavior models and crash risk factors in merge zone ↗ · 2025 · Lyu, Nengchao et al. · indexed
103. Task analysis of intersection driving scenarios : information processing bottlenecks · 2006 · Richard, Christian M. et al. · archived
104. Modeling Integrated Lane-Changing Behavior ↗ · 2003 · Toledo, Tomer et al. · indexed
105. Traffic conflicts for road user safety studies ↗ · 1994 · Brow, Gerald R. · indexed
106. Modeling the decision-making in human driver overtaking · 2020 · Stefansson, Elis et al. · archived
107. Critical Gap as a Function of Waiting Time in Determining Roundabout Capacity ↗ · 2003 · Polus, Abishai et al. · indexed
108. An Invariant May Drive the Decision to Encroach at Unsignalized Intersections ↗ · 2009 · Smith, Kip et al. · indexed
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110. Microscopic Analysis of Traffic Flow in Inclement Weather: Part 2 · 2010 · Rakha, Hesham et al. · archived
111. Advanced Operations Focused on Connected Vehicles/Infrastructure (CVI-UTC) · 2016 · Dingus, Thomas A et al. · archived
112. Horizontal and Vertical Curvature and its Effects on Driver Passing Choice ↗ · 2019 · Hansen, Regan et al. · indexed
113. Understanding widely scattered traffic flows, the capacity drop, and platoons as effects of variance-driven time gaps · 2006 · Treiber, Martin et al. · archived
114. Traffic Flow Theory - A State-of-the-Art Report: Revised Monograph on Traffic Flow Theory · 2002 · Gartner, Nathan H. et al. · archived
115. Modeling the Dynamics of Driver’s Dilemma Zone Perception Using Machine Learning Methods for Safer Intersection Control · 2014 · Abbas, Montasir et al. · archived
116. Steady-State Car-Following Time Gaps: An Empirical Study Using Naturalistic Driving Data ↗ · 2019 · Loulizi, Amara et al. · indexed
117. Analysing drivers’ stop and go decisions in dilemma zones at signalised intersections ↗ · 2022 · Abdolrazaghi, Alireza et al. · indexed
118. TRAFFIC CHARACTERISTICS FOR IMPLEMENTATION AND CALIBRATION OF FREEWAY MERGING CONTROL SYSTEMS ↗ · 1969 · Buhr, J H et al. · indexed
119. Assessing the Risk of Crash for Trucks on Onset Yellow · 2012 · Sharma, Anuj et al. · archived
120. Gap Acceptance Behavior of Mobile Phone–Distracted Drivers at Roundabouts ↗ · 2016 · Haque, M. Mazharul et al. · indexed
121. IntelliDrive Technology Based Yellow Onset Decision Assistance System for Trucks · 2012 · Sharma, Anuj et al. · archived
122. Modelling communication-enabled traffic interactions · 2023 · Siebinga, Olger et al. · archived
123. A driver assistance method for merging to increase clearness of driver decision making ↗ · 2017 · Suehiro, Yuki et al. · indexed
124. Microscopic Analysis of Traffic Flow in Inclement Weather · 2009 · Rakha, Hesham et al. · archived
125. Determinations of critical gap and follow-up time at roundabouts in Jordan Wyznaczanie bezpiecznych odległości pomiędzy pojazdami i czasów dojazdu na rondach w Jordanii · 2019 · Hazim, Nabil et al. · archived
126. ACC design for safety and fuel efficiency: the acceptance of safety margins when adopting different driving styles · 2019 · Pampel, Sanna M. et al. · archived
127. Pedestrian's Critical Cross Gap and its Application in Conflict Simulation ↗ · 2010 · Junhua, Wang · indexed
128. Effect of vehicular lateral gap models on heterogeneous traffic stream behavior ↗ · 2019 · Pal, Dibyendu et al. · indexed
129. Influences of Waiting Time on Driver Behaviors While Implementing In-Vehicle Traffic Light for Priority-Controlled Unsignalized Intersections · 2017 · Yang, Bo et al. · archived
130. Delays, inaccuracies and anticipation in microscopic traffic models · 2005 · Treiber, Martin et al. · archived
131. Time to Arrival as Predictor for Uncertainty and Cooperative Driving Decisions in Highly Automated Driving ↗ · 2022 · Miller, Linda et al. · indexed
132. Simulating Turn Cooperation in Roundabouts and Unsignalized Intersections ↗ · 2016 · Aakre, Erlend et al. · indexed
133. Subtle motion cues by automated vehicles can nudge human drivers’ decisions: Empirical evidence and computational cognitive model · 2023 · Abbink, David A. · archived
134. Subtle motion cues by automated vehicles can nudge human drivers’ decisions: Empirical evidence and computational cognitive model · 2023 · Zgonnikov, Arkady et al. · archived
135. Influence of Intergreen Times on the Capacity of Signalised Intersections · 2009 · Wolfermann, Axel · archived
136. When Do Drivers Abort an Overtaking Maneuver on Two-Lane Rural Roads? · 2016 · Farah, Haneen · archived
137. Pedestrian crossing decisions can be explained by bounded optimal decision-making under noisy visual perception ↗ · 2025 · Wang, Yueyang et al. · indexed
138. Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Human Factors Study : Experiment 2 : Merging Behavior · 2016 · Balk, Stacy A. et al. · archived
139. Assessment of the Use of a Driving Simulator for Traffic Engineering and Human Factors Studies · 2004 · Klee, Harold et al. · archived
140. Comparisons of Mandatory and Discretionary Lane Changing Behavior on Freeways · 2018 · Vechione, Matthew et al. · archived
141. Capacity at Unsignalized Intersections ↗ · 2003 · Luttinen, R.Tapio et al. · indexed
142. At the Zebra Crossing: Modelling Complex Decision Processes with Variable-Drift Diffusion Models ↗ · 2019 · Giles, Oscar Terence et al. · indexed
143. Behavioural Issues in Pedestrian Speed Choice and Street Crossing Behaviour: A Review ↗ · 2008 · Ishaque, Muhammad Moazzam et al. · indexed
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145. Investigating Differences in Behavior and Brain in Human-Human and Human-Autonomous Vehicle Interactions in Time-Critical Situations · 2022 · Unni, Anirudh et al. · archived
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197. Safe Merging of Autonomous Vehicles under Temporal Logic Task · 2024 · Zhao, Chenguang et al. · archived
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205. Improving the performance of unsignalized t-intersections within CAVs mixed traffic · 2022 · Alanazi, Fayez et al. · archived
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