hazard perception
Hazard perception: the ability to detect, recognize, and respond to developing dangers in the traffic scene before they become critical, typically assessed with video-based hazard perception tests and time-to-respond latencies. The detection-and-recognition of an EXISTING or emerging threat, distinct from anticipation (predicting events and others' behavior that are not yet present), looked_but_failed_to_see (a failure to perceive a hazard despite directing the eyes at it), and useful_field_of_view (the spatial extent of processing rather than threat recognition).
Relevant standards
- CIE 074-1988 — Road signs
- CIE 100-1992 — Fundamentals of the Visual Task of Night Driving
- FMVSS 103 — Standard No. 103; Windshield defrosting and defogging systems
- FMVSS 104 — Standard No. 104; Windshield wiping and washing systems
- FMVSS 111 — Rear Visibility
- ISO 23376:2021 — Intelligent transport systems — Vehicle-to-vehicle intersection collision warning systems (VVICW) — Performance requirements and test procedures
- ISO 34502:2022 — Road vehicles — Test scenarios for automated driving systems — Scenario based safety evaluation framework
- UN ECE R125 — Uniform provisions concerning the approval of motor vehicles with regard to the forward field of vision of the motor vehicle driver
- UN ECE R151 — Uniform provisions concerning the approval of motor vehicles with regard to the Blind Spot Information System for the Detection of Bicycles
- UN ECE R159 — Uniform provisions concerning the approval of motor vehicles with regard to the Moving Off Information System for the Detection of Pedestrians and Cyclists
- UN ECE R46 — Uniform provisions concerning the approval of devices for indirect vision and of motor vehicles with regard to the installation of these devices
- UN ECE R69 — Uniform provisions concerning the approval of rear marking plates for slow-moving vehicles (by construction) and their trailers
Also in Visual Perception & Hazard Perception in Driving
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514 paper(s) · ranked by relevance to this topic
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Hazard Perception in Driving: A Systematic Literature Review · 2022 · Cao, Shi et al. · archived
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Modeling response time and hazard identification in a video-based hazard perception test for car drivers ↗ · 2025 · Akshay, T.K. et al. · indexed
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Modeling response time and hazard identification in a video-based hazard perception test for car drivers ↗ · 2025 · Akshay, T et al. · indexed
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Rapid holistic perception and evasion of road hazards · 2019 · Wolfe, Benjamin et al. · archived
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Driving Hazard Perception Tests: A Systematic Review. · 2023 · Omran, Yasaman Habibzadeh et al. · archived
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Road user hazard perception tests: A systematic review of current methodologies ↗ · 2019 · Moran, Caroline et al. · indexed
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Driving Hazard Perception Components: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. · 2023 · Habibzadeh, Yasaman et al. · archived
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The development and validation of two complementary measures of drivers’ hazard perception ability ↗ · 2010 · Wetton, M.A. et al. · indexed
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Road Hazard Stimuli: Annotated naturalistic road videos for studying hazard detection and scene perception · 2023 · Song, Jiali et al. · archived
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Detection or Appraisal – Do Their Eye Movements Reveal What Causes Novices’ Poor Performance in a Dynamic Hazard Perception Test? ↗ · 2022 · Malone, Sarah et al. · indexed
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Assessment of Hazard Perception Latencies Using Real Life and Animated Traffic Hazards: Comparison of Novice and Experienced Drivers ↗ · 2007 · Sümer, Nebi et al. · indexed
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CH-LSTTM: A Taxonomy of Traffic Hazards · 2024 · Yan, Song et al. · archived
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The development and validation of a hazard perception test for use in driver licensing ↗ · 2011 · Wetton, Mark A. et al. · indexed
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What happens next? Predicting other road users' behaviour as a function of driving experience and processing time ↗ · 2009 · Jackson, Lyn et al. · indexed
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Visual motion perception predicts driving hazard perception ability ↗ · 2012 · Lacherez, Philippe et al. · indexed
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Adapting hazard perception testing to the Czech driving context: a comparison of hazard perception paradigms in differentiating driver experience and collision history ↗ · 2026 · Ventsislavova, Petya et al. · indexed
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Did you look at the moose? Driver gaze behaviour while searching for hazards in dynamic road scenes ↗ · 2024 · Song, Jiali et al. · indexed
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The crash involvement of older drivers is associated with their hazard perception latencies ↗ · 2010 · HORSWILL, MARK S. et al. · indexed
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Designing a Driver’s Hazard Perception Test Based on the Neural Brain Images Analysis (fMRI) ↗ · 2022 · Gharib, Seifollah et al. · indexed
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Road Hazard Stimuli: Annotated naturalistic road videos for studying hazard and scene perception ↗ · 2023 · Song, Jiali et al. · indexed
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Cognitive and Psychomotor Correlates of Hazard Perception Ability and Risky Driving ↗ · 2011 · Sümer, Nebi · indexed
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Some hazards are more attractive than others: Drivers of varying experience respond differently to different types of hazard ↗ · 2012 · Crundall, David et al. · indexed
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Understanding driver performance variability and perception of risk : driver hazard perception research plan · 1998 · Lerner, N. et al. · archived
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The perception of pedestrians from the perspective of elderly experienced and experienced drivers ↗ · 2011 · Bromberg, Shani et al. · indexed
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Eye movements reveal that drivers can predict the location of hazards in dynamic road scenes but gaze and awareness are dissociable ↗ · 2025 · Song, Jiali et al. · indexed
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The Development and Validation of a Hazard Perception Test for Thai Drivers ↗ · 2019 · Manley, Harry et al. · indexed
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The effects of driving experience on responses to a static hazard perception test ↗ · 2012 · Scialfa, Charles T. et al. · indexed
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Using fuzzy signal detection theory to determine why experienced and trained drivers respond faster than novices in a hazard perception test ↗ · 2007 · Wallis, Thomas S.A. et al. · indexed
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Characterizing visual attention during driving and non-driving hazard perception tasks in a simulated environment ↗ · 2014 · Mackenzie, Andrew K. et al. · indexed
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Analysis of hazard perception characteristics based on driving behavior considering overt and covert hazard scenarios ↗ · 2022 · Wei, Tianzheng et al. · indexed
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Effects of hazard types on drivers’ risk rating and hazard response in a video-based hazard perception task ↗ · 2019 · Sun, Long et al. · indexed
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Hazard perception of stroke drivers in a video-based Japanese hazard perception task ↗ · 2019 · Sasaki, Tsutomu et al. · indexed
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Correction: Effects of hazard types on drivers' risk rating and hazard response in a video-based hazard perception task ↗ · 2019 · Staff, The PLOS ONE · indexed
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Watch out for the hazard! Blurring peripheral vision facilitates hazard perception in driving ↗ · 2020 · Ryu, Donghyun et al. · indexed
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Detection of Road Hazards by Novice Teen and Experienced Adult Drivers ↗ · 2008 · Lee, Suzanne E. et al. · indexed
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Research on drivers' hazard perception and visual characteristics before vehicle-to-powered two-wheeler collisions ↗ · 2025 · Wu, Xianhui et al. · indexed
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Prediction and perception of hazards in professional drivers: Does hazard perception skill differ between safe and less-safe fire-appliance drivers? ↗ · 2018 · Crundall, David et al. · indexed
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Exploring the effects of driving experience on hazard awareness and risk perception via real-time hazard identification, hazard classification, and rating tasks ↗ · 2013 · Borowsky, Avinoam et al. · indexed
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Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Gaze-Based Training Intervention on Latent Hazard Anticipation Skills for Young Drivers: A Driving Simulator Study · 2018 · Yamani, Yusuke et al. · archived
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A brief pc-based hazard prediction training program improves young novice drivers' hazard perception skills ↗ · 2024 · Kint, Sander Thomas van der et al. · indexed
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Dual-target hazard perception: Could identifying one hazard hinder a driver’s capacity to find a second? ↗ · 2019 · Sall, Robert J. et al. · indexed
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A brief pc-based hazard prediction training program improves young novice drivers hazard perception skills ↗ · 2024 · Kint, Sander Thomas van der et al. · indexed
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Hazard perception in driving style based on virtual reality technology ↗ · 2022 · He, Wu et al. · indexed
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Hazard perception in novice and experienced drivers: The effects of sleepiness · 2009 · Smith, Simon S. et al. · archived
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A comparison of the hazard perception ability of matched groups of healthy drivers aged 35 to 55, 65 to 74, and 75 to 84 years ↗ · 2009 · HORSWILL, MARK S. et al. · indexed
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Drivers’ perception of vulnerable road users: A hazard perception approach ↗ · 2012 · Borowsky, Avinoam et al. · indexed
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A novel driving assessment combining hazard perception, hazard prediction and theory questions ↗ · 2021 · Crundall, David et al. · indexed
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Towards the Validation of a Driving Simulator-Based Hazard Response Test for Novice Drivers · 2015 · Hirsch, Pierro et al. · archived
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Study on Hazard Perception of Malaysian Drivers ↗ · 2014 · Syed Shazali, Syed Tarmizi et al. · indexed
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Driver Hazard Detection and Avoidance Performance as a Function of Eyes-Off-Road Interval Under Partially Automated Driving ↗ · 2017 · Glaser, Yi et al. · indexed
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Eye movements and hazard perception in active and passive driving ↗ · 2015 · Mackenzie, Andrew K. et al. · indexed
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The influence of cognitive distractions and driving experience on hazard perception performance ↗ · 2025 · Sun, Meng et al. · indexed
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The effects of repetitive presentation of specific hazards on eye movements in hazard perception training, of experienced and young-inexperienced drivers ↗ · 2019 · Kahana-Levy, Naomi et al. · indexed
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Hazard Detection Prediction Model for Rural Roads Based on Hazard and Environment Properties · 2018 · Asadamraji, Morteza et al. · archived
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Can a video-based hazard perception test used for driver licensing predict crash involvement? ↗ · 2015 · Horswill, Mark S. et al. · indexed
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Even highly experienced drivers benefit from a brief hazard perception training intervention ↗ · 2013 · Horswill, Mark S. et al. · indexed
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Hazard prediction discriminates between novice and experienced drivers ↗ · 2016 · Crundall, David · indexed
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An online hazard prediction test demonstrates differences in the ability to identify hazardous situations between different driving groups ↗ · 2022 · Ventsislavova, Petya et al. · indexed
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Relationship Between Driver Eyes-Off-Road Interval and Hazard Detection Performance Under Automated Driving ↗ · 2016 · Glaser, Yi G. et al. · indexed
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Pupil response as an indicator of hazard perception during simulator driving ↗ · 2017 · Kübler, Thomas Christian et al. · indexed
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What happens when drivers face hazards on the road? ↗ · 2016 · Ventsislavova, Petya et al. · indexed
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Training and Assessing Hazard Perception in High-Risk Occupations: Toward an AI-Driven Adaptive and Immersive Simulation ↗ · 2026 · Tremblay, Sébastien et al. · indexed
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Using Situation Awareness as a Measure of Driver Hazard Perception Ability ↗ · 2017 · Katrahmani, Atefeh et al. · indexed
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Effects of hazard type and confidence level on hazard perception in young male drivers: an ERP study ↗ · 2024 · Sun, Long et al. · indexed
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Hazard perception in manual and hands-off Level 2 driving under daytime and after dark lighting conditions: A driving simulator study · 2026 · Lee, Yee Thung et al. · archived
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With Motion Perception, Good Visual Acuity May Not Be Necessary for Driving Hazard Detection ↗ · 2020 · Moharrer, Mojtaba et al. · indexed
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Hazard Perception and Prediction test for walking, riding a bike and driving a car: “Understanding of the global traffic situation” ↗ · 2020 · Castro, Candida et al. · indexed
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Effects of hazard type and confidence level on hazard perception in young male drivers: an ERP study ↗ · 2024 · Sun, Long et al. · indexed
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Extended Evaluation of Training Programs To Accelerate Hazard Anticipation Skills in Novice Teens Drivers · 2021 · Plumert, Jodie M. et al. · archived
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Factors That Affect Drivers’ Perception of Closing and an Immediate Hazard · 2023 · Weaver, Bradley W. et al. · archived
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Functional Visual Field Reduction Under Conditions of High Cognitive Load - Evidence from the Hazard Perception Test ↗ · 2024 · Ouzia, Julia et al. · indexed
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Development of a Novice Driver Training Module to Accelerate Driver Perceptual Expertise · 2017 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
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Comparison of Self-Reported and Computer-Based Hazard Perception Skills Among Novice and Experienced Drivers ↗ · 2007 · Sümer, Nebi et al. · indexed
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Hazard perception and driving experience among novice drivers ↗ · 2006 · Sagberg, Fridulv et al. · indexed
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‘I didn't see that coming’: simulated visual fields and driving hazard perception test performance ↗ · 2016 · Glen, Fiona C et al. · indexed
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Exploring hazard anticipation and stress while driving in light of defensive behavior theory · 2023 · Kerautret, Laora et al. · archived
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Countermeasures to prevent detection failure of a vehicle approaching on collision course ↗ · 2011 · Uchida, Nobuyuki et al. · indexed
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Visual motion perception and driving hazard visibility at night-time ↗ · 2025 · Kennon, Catherine et al. · indexed
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Pilot Test for the Relationship between Drivers’ Hazard Perception Ability and Cognitive Traits of Empathizing-Systemizing ↗ · 2019 · Danno, Mikio · indexed
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Formation and Evaluation of Act and Anticipate Hazard Perception Training (AAHPT) Intervention for Young Novice Drivers ↗ · 2013 · Meir, Anat et al. · indexed
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Attentional Differences in a Driving Hazard Perception Task in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders ↗ · 2016 · Sheppard, Elizabeth et al. · indexed
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The Effect of Simulated Cataracts on Drivers’ Hazard Perception Ability ↗ · 2008 · Marrington, Shelby A. et al. · indexed
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Can unreliable auditory hazard warnings help the driver? The effect of timing errors and false alarms on road hazard detection in dynamic road scenes · 2026 · Song, Jiali et al. · archived
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Effects of sleep deprivation and hazard types on the hazard perception of young novice drivers: An ERP study ↗ · 2024 · Sun, Long et al. · indexed
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Hazard perception performance and psychological factors of distracted drivers: what are the associations? ↗ · 2024 · Watling, Christopher N. et al. · indexed
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Modeling Effects of Forward Glance Durations on Latent Hazard Detection ↗ · 2017 · Park, Hyoshin et al. · indexed
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How Can On-Road Hazard Perception and Anticipation Be Improved? Evidence From the Body ↗ · 2019 · Tagliabue, Mariaelena et al. · indexed
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A thousand years of crash experience in three hours: An online hazard perception training course for drivers ↗ · 2021 · Horswill, Mark S. et al. · indexed
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Predicting Driver Emergency Response Onset using Time-to-Impact ↗ · 2022 · Erazo, Fabian et al. · indexed
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Roles of motion perception and visual acuity for driving hazard perception ↗ · 2018 · Moharrer, Mojtaba et al. · indexed
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Evaluation of an Updated Version of the Risk Awareness and Perception Training Program for Young Drivers · 2017 · Thomas, F. Dennis et al. · archived
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The Impact of Vehicle Automation on the Safety of Vulnerable Road Users (Pedestrians and Bicyclists) · 2018 · Samuel, Siby et al. · archived
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Not All Hazards are Created Equal: The Significance of Hazards in Inattentional Blindness for Static Driving Scenes ↗ · 2015 · Pammer, Kristen et al. · indexed
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Impact of superior and inferior visual field loss on hazard detection in a computer-based driving test ↗ · 2014 · Glen, Fiona C et al. · indexed
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Visual attention and driving behavior of male autistic individuals while encountering driving hazards: A driving simulator study ↗ · 2026 · Mamo, Wondwesen Girma et al. · indexed
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Computer-based hazard perception test scores are associated with the frequency of heavy braking in everyday driving ↗ · 2019 · Hill, Andrew et al. · indexed
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The effect of cognitive distraction on perception-response time to unexpected abrupt and gradually onset roadway hazards ↗ · 2019 · D’Addario, Pamela et al. · indexed
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The effect of driver cognitive abilities and distractions on situation awareness and performance under hazard conditions · 2016 · Kaber, David B. et al. · archived
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Effects of Inaccurate Gaze Behavior on Young Drivers’ Hazard Anticipation ↗ · 2019 · Yahoodik, Sarah et al. · indexed
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Drivers’ hazard perception analysis based on logistic regression and Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test ↗ · 2016 · Li, Haoran et al. · indexed
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Can Young Drivers Learn to Anticipate Hidden Hazards: A Driving Simulator Study · 2013 · Samuel, Siby et al. · archived
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The relationship between central and mid-peripheral motion perception and the hazard perception ability of older drivers ↗ · 2023 · Sepulveda, Juan A. et al. · indexed
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Identifying and remedying failures of hazard anticipation in novice drivers ↗ · 2021 · Yamani, Yusuke et al. · indexed
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Eye Movements and Road Hazard Detection: Effects of Blur and Distractors ↗ · 2016 · Lee, Samantha Sze‐Yee et al. · indexed
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The mismatch between perceived situation awareness and hazard recognition in automated driving ↗ · 2025 · Nasser, George et al. · indexed
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Identifying novice drivers in need of hazard perception ability improvement for takeover performance ↗ · 2024 · Weng, Shixuan et al. · indexed
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Young Adults With Developmental Coordination Disorder Adopt a Different Visual Strategy During a Hazard Perception Test for Cyclists ↗ · 2021 · Warlop, Griet et al. · indexed
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The effects of cognitive distraction on behavioural, oculomotor and electrophysiological metrics during a driving hazard perception task ↗ · 2020 · Savage, Steven W. et al. · indexed
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A Quantitative Method of Assessing the Hazard Perception of Drivers in Human-Machine Codriving Vehicles ↗ · 2024 · Feng, Zhongxiang et al. · indexed
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The driver’s instantaneous situation awareness when the alarm rings during the take-over of vehicle control in automated driving ↗ · 2022 · Niu, Jianwei et al. · indexed
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The effect of situational hazard level on pedestrian hazard perception: Evidence from event-related potentials ↗ · 2020 · Zhu, Peng et al. · indexed
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The effect of performance feedback on drivers’ hazard perception ability and self-ratings ↗ · 2017 · Horswill, Mark S. et al. · indexed
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Are what happens next exercises and self-generated commentaries useful additions to hazard perception training for novice drivers? ↗ · 2013 · Wetton, Mark A. et al. · indexed
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Following Expert’s Eyes: Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Gaze-Based Training Intervention on Young Drivers’ Latent Hazard Anticipation Skills ↗ · 2017 · Yamani, Yusuke et al. · indexed
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Intelligent Assessment and Training of Hazard Perception for Human Drivers and Autonomous Vehicles Using Deep Reinforcement Learning and Hierarchical Clustering ↗ · 2024 · Bizhe, Navid et al. · indexed
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A First Step toward the Understanding of Implicit Learning of Hazard Anticipation in Inexperienced Road Users Through a Moped-Riding Simulator ↗ · 2017 · Tagliabue, Mariaelena et al. · indexed
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Gender differences in pedestrian hazard perception: evidence from an event-related potential study ↗ · 2024 · Zhu, Peng et al. · indexed
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A Study on Visual Driving Simulator for Analyzing Perception Characteristics of a Driver ↗ · 2018 · Takahashi, Hiroshi et al. · indexed
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Effectiveness of visual warnings on young drivers hazard anticipation and hazard mitigation abilities ↗ · 2018 · Hajiseyedjavadi, Foroogh et al. · indexed
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Hazard perception performance and psychological factors of distracted drivers: what are the associations? ↗ · 2024 · Watling, Christopher N. et al. · indexed
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Factors Influencing Motorcycle Crash Risk and Accident Prediction Ability: The Role of Hazard Perception Training in Thailand ↗ · 2026 · INMOR, Thanchanok et al. · indexed
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Video Test to Evaluate Detection Performance of Drivers with Hemianopia: Preliminary Results ↗ · 2013 · Bowers, Alex R et al. · indexed
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Perceiving the Roadway in the Blink of an Eye-Rapid Perception of the Road Environment and Prediction of Events ↗ · 2017 · Wolfe, Benjamin et al. · indexed
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Towards a conceptual model of motorcyclists’ Risk Awareness: A comparative study of riding experience effect on hazard detection and situational criticality assessment ↗ · 2012 · Bellet, Thierry et al. · indexed
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A brief office-based hazard perception intervention for drivers with ADHD symptoms ↗ · 2010 · Poulsen, Anne A. et al. · indexed
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Visual Mismatch and Adaptation Behaviour Under Unfamiliar Driving Environment: AComparative Eye-Tracking Study of Blind Spot In LHD and RHD ↗ · 2026 · Bu, Yuanyuan et al. · indexed
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The longer-term effects of a brief hazard perception training intervention in older drivers. ↗ · 2015 · Horswill, Mark S. et al. · indexed
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You look familiar: Learner driver hazard identification on familiar and unfamiliar roads ↗ · 2019 · Wynne, Rachael A. et al. · indexed
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Working memory capacity, visual attention and hazard perception in driving. ↗ · 2016 · Wood, G. et al. · indexed
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Evaluation of PC-Based Novice Driver Risk Awareness · 2008 · Fisher, Donald L. · archived
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Learner drivers (and their parent-supervisors) benefit from an online hazard perception course incorporating evidence-based training strategies and extensive crash footage ↗ · 2021 · Horswill, Mark S. et al. · indexed
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Hazard Perception and Distraction in Novice Drivers: Effects of 12 Months Driving Experience ↗ · 2011 · Pradhan, Anuj et al. · indexed
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Visual Scanning Training for Older Drivers: A Literature Review · 2018 · Lococo, Kathy H. et al. · archived
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Long-Term Effects of Hazard Anticipation Training on Novice Drivers Measured on the Open Road ↗ · 2011 · Taylor, Thalia et al. · indexed
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Eye movements and hazard perception in police pursuit and emergency response driving. ↗ · 2003 · Crundall, David et al. · indexed
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Visual attention in realistic driving situations: Attentional capture and hazard prediction ↗ · 2021 · Muela, Ismael et al. · indexed
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Creating a hazard-based training and assessment tool for emergency response drivers ↗ · 2020 · Kroll, Victoria et al. · indexed
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An Investigation on the Influence of Operation Experience on Virtual Hazard Perception Using Wearable Eye Tracking Technology ↗ · 2022 · Li, Siyu et al. · indexed
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Further down the road: The enduring effect of an online training course on novice drivers' hazard perception skill ↗ · 2023 · Horswill, Mark S. et al. · indexed
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Detection and response to critical lead vehicle deceleration events with peripheral vision: Glance response times are independent of visual eccentricity ↗ · 2021 · Svärd, Malin et al. · indexed
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Empirical Evaluation of Hazard Anticipation Behaviors in the Field and on Driving Simulator Using Eye Tracker ↗ · 2007 · Fisher, Donald L. et al. · indexed
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Memory for a Hazard is Interrupted by Performance of a Secondary In-Vehicle Task ↗ · 2014 · Borowsky, Avinoam et al. · indexed
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The effects of road commentary training on novice drivers' visual search behaviour: a preliminary investigation ↗ · 2013 · Cantwell, Stephen James et al. · indexed
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Effects of driver age and experience in abrupt-onset hazards ↗ · 2015 · Yeung, Jian Sheng et al. · indexed
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Effects of subjective driving workload on hazard perception performance in older drivers: A driving simulation study ↗ · 2025 · Zhou, Yiwen et al. · indexed
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Older drivers’ insight into their hazard perception ability ↗ · 2011 · Horswill, Mark S. et al. · indexed
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The Effect of External Distractions on Novice and Experienced Drivers' Anticipation of Hazards and Vehicle Control · 2023 · Divekar, Gautam · archived
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Commentary driver training: Effects of commentary exposure, practice and production on hazard perception and eye movements ↗ · 2017 · Young, Angela H. et al. · indexed
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Can unreliable auditory hazard warnings help the driver? The effect of timing errors and false alarms on road hazard detection in dynamic road scenes. ↗ · 2026 · Song, Jiali et al. · indexed
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Effects of Hazard Types on Hazard Perception and Decision-Making Among Adolescent Bicyclists: Results of a Hazard Prediction Task ↗ · 2026 · Guo, Jiatong et al. · indexed
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Further down the road: The enduring effect of an online training course on novice drivers hazard perception skill ↗ · 2023 · Horswill, Mark S. et al. · indexed
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Comparing Young and Old Adults’ Night Hazard Detection With Driving Simulation and on Road ↗ · 2021 · Dickerson, Anne et al. · indexed
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Where to gaze during take-over: Eye gaze strategy analysis of different situation awareness and hazard perception levels ↗ · 2023 · Ding, Wen et al. · indexed
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Change blindness in simulated driving in individuals with homonymous visual field loss · 2022 · Swan, Garrett et al. · archived
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Attempts at the Practical On-Road Driving Test and the Hazard Perception Test and the Risk of Traffic Crashes in Young Drivers ↗ · 2011 · Boufous, Soufiane et al. · indexed
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Evaluating Drivers’ Response to Road Hazard: A Simulation Study ↗ · 2024 · Javanbakht, Navid et al. · indexed
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Developing and testing the effectiveness of a truck driver hazard anticipation training module: a simulator study ↗ · 2026 · Galal, Alia et al. · indexed
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Design of an Experiment to Pinpoint Cognitive Failure Processes in the Interaction of Motorists and Vulnerable Road Users ↗ · 2023 · Denk, Florian et al. · indexed
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Examining Driver Situation Awareness in the Takeover Process of Conditionally Automated Driving With the Effect of Age ↗ · 2024 · Ding, Wen et al. · indexed
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Examining Driver Situation Awareness in the Takeover Process of Conditionally Automated Driving With the Effect of Age ↗ · 2024 · Ding, Wen et al. · indexed
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Inattentional Blindness in Motorcycle Detection: Allocating Attention to Detect Motorcycles ↗ · 2018 · Pammer, Kristen et al. · indexed
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Visual, Perceptual, and Cognitive Measures as Predictors of Collision Detection in Older Drivers ↗ · 1997 · James, Christina L. et al. · indexed
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A Review of Hazard Anticipation Training Programs for Young Drivers ↗ · 2015 · McDonald, Catherine C. et al. · indexed
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Latent Hazard Anticipation in Young Drivers: Review and Meta-Analysis of Training Studies ↗ · 2018 · Unverricht, James et al. · indexed
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Can unreliable auditory hazard warnings help the driver? The effect of timing errors and false alarms on road hazard detection in dynamic road scenes. ↗ · 2024 · Song, Jiali et al. · indexed
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Maintaining Situational Awareness: The Role of Visual Attention ↗ · 1999 · Chaparro, Alex et al. · indexed
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Pilot Study of Gaze Scanning and Intersection Detection Failures by Drivers with Hemianopia ↗ · 2015 · Bowers, Alex R et al. · indexed
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Engineered Visibility Warning Signals: Tests of Time to React, Detectability, Identifiability and Salience · 1996 · Cohn, Theodore E. · archived
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The effects of brief visual interruption tasks on drivers’ ability to resume their visual search for a pre-cued hazard ↗ · 2016 · Borowsky, Avinoam et al. · indexed
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Driving With Hemianopia VII: Predicting Hazard Detection With Gaze and Head Scan Magnitude ↗ · 2021 · Swan, Garrett et al. · indexed
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Risk Awareness and Perception Training Using VR Headsets: The Validation of VR Headsets to Measure Hazard Anticipation Behaviors · 2019 · Fitzpatrick, Cole et al. · archived
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Hazard Cuing Systems for Teen Drivers: A Test-Track Evaluation on Mcity ↗ · 2019 · Zhang, Yu et al. · indexed
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Investigation of Driving Hazard Perception of Stroke Survivors ↗ · 2021 · Aran, Orkun et al. · indexed
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Does familiarity breed competence or contempt? Effects of driver experience, road type and familiarity on hazard perception ↗ · 2019 · Beanland, Vanessa et al. · indexed
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Two-Minute Peripheral Motion Contrast Threshold Test Predicts Older Drivers’ Collisions and Hazardous Driving in Simulator ↗ · 2013 · Henderson, Steven et al. · indexed
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A Simulator-Based Evaluation of Two Hazard Anticipation Training Programs for Novice Drivers · 2020 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
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Driver Vigilance in Automated Vehicles: Hazard Detection Failures Are a Matter of Time ↗ · 2018 · Greenlee, Eric T. et al. · indexed
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Hazard Perception Skill and Driver Behavior in Patients With Functional Neurologic Disorders ↗ · 2023 · Lagrand, Tjerk J. et al. · indexed
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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HAZARD PERCEPTION, RISK ASSESSMENT AND DIFFERENT DRIVING STYLES: LITHUANIAN SAMPLE ↗ · 2022 · Slavinskienė, Justina et al. · indexed
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Exploring the effects of critical driving situations on driver perception time (PT) using SHRP2 naturalistic driving study data ↗ · 2019 · Wu, Kun-Feng et al. · indexed
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Commentary training improves responsiveness to hazards in a driving simulator ↗ · 2010 · Crundall, David et al. · indexed
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Drivers with limited perception: model and application to traffic simulation · 2014 · Ketenci, Utku et al. · archived
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Behavioral correlates of individual differences in road-traffic crash risk: An examination of methods and findings. ↗ · 1993 · Elander, James et al. · indexed
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Effectiveness of Visual Collision Warning Alerts on Young Drivers’ Latent Hazard Anticipation ↗ · 2017 · Hajiseyedjavadi, Foroogh et al. · indexed
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Hazard Warning Systems to Improve Young Distracted Drivers’ Hazard Perception Skills ↗ · 2020 · Arslanyilmaz, Abdurrahman · indexed
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Assessing the validity of situation awareness measures through visual behaviours in car driving: A comprehensive review ↗ · 2026 · Pelerin, Maëlle et al. · indexed
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Attentional Control in Young Drivers: Does Training Impact Hazard Anticipation in Dynamic Environments? ↗ · 2020 · Yahoodik, Sarah et al. · indexed
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Spotting Danger: How child and adult pedestrians assess distracted drivers in hazard perception ↗ · 2026 · Liu, Meng et al. · indexed
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Do Augmented Reality Head-Up Displays Reduce Drivers’ Subsequent Search Misses in Dual-Hazard Scenes? A 360° VR-Based Hazard Perception Test with Eye-Tracking ↗ · 2026 · Wu, Zhendong et al. · indexed
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"How Long Does It Take to Stop?" Methodological Analysis of Driver Perception-Brake Times ↗ · 2000 · Green, Marc · indexed
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Brain Function Analysis of Watching an Automobile Driving Hazard Prediction Video: fNIRS Study of the Prefrontal Cortex · 2021 · KIMURA, Naotoshi et al. · archived
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Examining the Relationship between Construction Workers’ Visual Attention and Situation Awareness under Fall and Tripping Hazard Conditions: Using Mobile Eye Tracking ↗ · 2018 · Hasanzadeh, Sogand et al. · indexed
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The Effects of Driving Experience on the P300 Event-Related Potential during the Perception of Traffic Scenes ↗ · 2021 · Inagaki, Keiichiro et al. · indexed
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Can Pupillometry be used to Detect Driver Hazard Awareness? ↗ · 2024 · Tamura, Kimimasa et al. · indexed
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Fast Warning System for Driver of Distraction with Traffic Object Recognition by Image Processing ↗ · 2022 · Van Binh, Nguyen et al. · indexed
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Hazard Perception, Presence, and Simulation Sickness—A Comparison of Desktop and Head-Mounted Display for Driving Simulation ↗ · 2021 · Malone, Sarah et al. · indexed
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Using Eye Movements To Evaluate Effects of Driver Age on Risk Perception in a Driving Simulator ↗ · 2005 · Pradhan, Anuj Kumar et al. · indexed
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Evaluation of a Training Intervention to Improve Novice Drivers’ Hazard Mitigation When Approaching Left Turn Scenarios ↗ · 2019 · Muttart, Jeffrey W. et al. · indexed
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Driving with Foresight - Evaluating the Effect of Cognitive Distraction and Experience on Anticipating Events in Traffic ↗ · 2019 · Mühl, Kristin et al. · indexed
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Identification of Hazardous Driving Scenarios Using Cross-Channel Safety Performance Indicators ↗ · 2025 · Hanselaar, C.A.J. et al. · indexed
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Detection and classification of dangerous maneuvers based on traffic camera recordings ↗ · 2025 · Novikov, A. N. et al. · indexed
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P300 Event-Related Potential in Perception of Multiple Traffic Objects During Vehicle Driving ↗ · 2023 · Yamamoto, Yuki et al. · indexed
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Driving with Homonymous Visual Field Defects: Driving Performance and Compensatory Gaze Movements ↗ · 2015 · Kübler, Thomas C. et al. · indexed
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Quantifying Driver Response Times Based upon Research and Real Life Data ↗ · 2005 · Muttart, Jeffrey W · indexed
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Driving Speed of Young Novice and Experienced Drivers in Simulated Hazard Anticipation Scenes ↗ · 2014 · Parmet, Yisrael et al. · indexed
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Effect of a looming visual cue on situation awareness and perceived urgency in response to a takeover request ↗ · 2024 · Park, YounJung et al. · indexed
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Threats Detection during Human-Computer Interaction in Driver Monitoring Systems ↗ · 2022 · Kashevnik, Alexey et al. · indexed
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The influence of an emotional processing strategy on visual threat detection by police trainees and officers ↗ · 2020 · Williot, Alexandre et al. · indexed
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Inattentional blindness and pattern-matching failure: The case of failure to recognize clinical cues ↗ · 2018 · Al-Moteri, Modi Owied et al. · indexed
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The Conclusion of a Driving Study About Warnings Depends upon How Response Time is Defined ↗ · 2017 · Liu, Ke et al. · indexed
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Traffic sense—which factors influence the skill to predict the development of traffic scenes? ↗ · 2003 · Vogel, Katja et al. · indexed
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Modeling road user response timing in naturalistic traffic conflicts: A surprise-based framework ↗ · 2024 · Engström, Johan et al. · indexed
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Latencies in Vehicle Steering: It is Possible to Measure Drivers’ Response Latencies and Attention Unobtrusively on the Road ↗ · 1981 · Summala, H. · indexed
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Enhancing the Effectiveness of Safety Warning Systems for Older Drivers: Project Report · 2010 · Marshall, Dawn et al. · archived
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Backup Warning Signals: Driver Perception and Response · 1996 · Harpster, J.L. et al. · archived
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A simulator study investigating how motorcyclists approach side-road hazards ↗ · 2013 · Crundall, Elizabeth et al. · indexed
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Perception/Reaction Time Values for Accident Reconstruction ↗ · 1989 · Sens, Michael J. et al. · indexed
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Hazard detection and cognition for an active driving assistance ↗ · 2016 · Rouzier, Baptiste et al. · indexed
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Impact of VR headset-based training on drivers’ hazard avoidance and mental models when driving with ADAS ↗ · 2026 · Pai, Ganesh et al. · indexed
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Computational modeling of age-differences in a visually demanding driving task: vehicle detection ↗ · 2000 · Ellis, R.D. et al. · indexed
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Investigation of Time and Speed Perception using a Driving Simulator ↗ · 2018 · Keklikoglou, Andronikos et al. · indexed
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How do obstacle characteristics and driver alertness affect the takeover process in conditionally automated driving? ↗ · 2025 · Li, Penghui et al. · indexed
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Cognitive Function Training System Using Game-Based Design for Elderly Drivers ↗ · 2016 · Hiraoka, Toshihiro et al. · indexed
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How Do Drivers Perceive Risks During Automated Driving Scenarios? An fNIRS Neuroimaging Study · 2023 · Perello-March, Jaume et al. · archived
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PILOT-DSM: Risk perception-aligned takeover prompting framework via coverage-gap assessment in conditionally automated driving ↗ · 2026 · Huang, Yexin et al. · indexed
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Can Stroboscopic Training Improve Time-to-Collision Judgments of Approaching Objects? ↗ · 2017 · Braly, Adam M. et al. · indexed
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1P1-D04 Evaluation of the Hazard-Anticipatory Driver Assistance System in Reconstructed Hazardous Scenario by Using Driving Simulator(Car Robotics) · 2012 · EZAWA, Kazuhiro et al. · archived
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Situational Hazard Recognition and Risk Assessment Within Safety-Driven Behavior Management in the Context of Automated Driving ↗ · 2020 · Hagele, Georg et al. · indexed
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The Promise of Virtual Reality Headsets: Can They be Used to Measure Accurately Drivers’ Hazard Anticipation Performance? ↗ · 2019 · Mangalore, Ganesh Pai et al. · indexed
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Snakes, spiders, guns, and syringes: How specific are evolutionary constraints on the detection of threatening stimuli? ↗ · 2006 · Blanchette, Isabelle · indexed
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Does threat familiarity and knowledge shape rapid visual attention? ↗ · 2023 · Blumenthal, Anna et al. · indexed
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A Time-Course Analysis of Attentional Cueing by Threatening Scenes ↗ · 2007 · Koster, Ernst H.W. et al. · indexed
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Putting ChatGPT vision (GPT-4V) to the test: risk perception in traffic images ↗ · 2024 · Driessen, Tom et al. · indexed
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Attention to threat in posttraumatic stress disorder as indexed by eye-tracking indices: a systematic review ↗ · 2018 · Lazarov, Amit et al. · indexed
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Key Technologies of Vehicle Active Safety System Based on Computer Vision ↗ · 2022 · Qian, Mingzhu et al. · indexed
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Threatening visual stimuli influence response inhibition and error monitoring: An event-related potential study ↗ · 2016 · Senderecka, Magdalena · indexed
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A Stereo-Vision Based Object Tracking Approach at Roundabouts ↗ · 2013 · Muffert, Maximilian et al. · indexed
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Attentional bias for threat: Evidence for delayed disengagement from emotional faces · 2002 · Fox, Elaine et al. · archived
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Do reaction time and accuracy measure the same aspects of letter recognition? ↗ · 1982 · Santee, Jeffrey L. et al. · indexed
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Describing Older Adults' Awareness of Fall Risk Using Situation Awareness Research Techniques: A Pilot Study ↗ · 2016 · Azzarello, Jo et al. · indexed
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Pavement distress detection and avoidance for intelligent vehicles ↗ · 2016 · Bellone, Mauro et al. · indexed
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Eye-Tracking Metrics as Predictors of Attentional Bias in Individuals with Deficient Threat Recognition ↗ · 2025 · Gupalo, Sergey · indexed
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RoadGuard: A Real-time Mobile-based road-hazard detection, warning, and hazard-aware route recommendation system for road users and vehicles ↗ · 2026 · Mashrafi, Ali Sadman et al. · indexed
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EEG-Based Error Detection Can Challenge Human Reaction Time in a VR Navigation Task ↗ · 2023 · Wimmer, Michael et al. · indexed
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Gender Influences in Peripheral and Central Visual Perception for the Young ↗ · 2013 · Chraif, Mihaela · indexed
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An observational study using eye tracking to assess resident and senior anesthetists’ situation awareness and visual perception in postpartum hemorrhage high fidelity simulation ↗ · 2019 · Desvergez, Arnaud et al. · indexed
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Tracking fear in snake and spider fearful participants during visual search: A multi-response domain study ↗ · 2006 · Flykt, Anders et al. · indexed
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Spider vs. guns: expectancy and attention biases to phylogenetic threat do not extend to ontogenetic threat ↗ · 2023 · Abado, Elinor et al. · indexed
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Automated Hazard Identification and Visualisation in Design Using Building Information Modelling and Machine Learning ↗ · 2026 · Abbas, Muhammad Azeem et al. · indexed
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Visual working memory and threat monitoring: Spider fearfuls show disorder-specific change detection ↗ · 2010 · Reinecke, Andrea et al. · indexed
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Attentional selectivity for emotional faces: Evidence from human electrophysiology ↗ · 2008 · Holmes, Amanda et al. · indexed
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Never mind the spider: Late positive potentials to phobic threat at fixation are unaffected by perceptual load ↗ · 2010 · Norberg, Joakim et al. · indexed
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Biased Saccadic Responses to Emotional Stimuli in Anxiety: An Antisaccade Study · 2014 · Chen, Nigel T. M. et al. · archived
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Hazard avoidance for high-speed mobile robots in rough terrain ↗ · 2006 · Spenko, Matthew et al. · indexed
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Where Children With ADHD Direct Visual Attention During Emotion Knowledge Tasks: Relationships to Accuracy, Response Time, and ADHD Symptoms ↗ · 2015 · Serrano, Verenea J. et al. · indexed
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Framework for Hazardous Situations detection in Autonomous Driving ↗ · 2026 · Garcia-Fernandez, M. et al. · indexed
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Real-time detection of rare roadside obstacles using YOLOv8-n in autonomous vehicles. · 2026 · Tanveer, AB et al. · archived
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Evidence for normal novel object recognition abilities in developmental prosopagnosia ↗ · 2020 · Fry, Regan et al. · indexed
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Face Perception and Test Reliabilities in Congenital Prosopagnosia in Seven Tests ↗ · 2016 · Esins, Janina et al. · indexed
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P3b amplitudes differences in ultra-rapid visual categorization task of food and non-food items ↗ · 2021 · Jahan, Tawhida · indexed
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Using Eye Movements as an Index of Implicit Face Recognition in <scp>A</scp>utism <scp>S</scp>pectrum <scp>D</scp>isorder ↗ · 2012 · Hedley, Darren et al. · indexed
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Narcissism and the perception of failure – evidence from the error-related negativity and the error positivity ↗ · 2023 · Mück, Markus et al. · indexed
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Enhanced neural sensitivity to brief changes of happy over angry facial expressions in preschoolers: A fast periodic visual stimulation study ↗ · 2024 · Naumann, Sandra et al. · indexed
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Landslides on the radar: detection, monitoring, and runout hazard forecasting ↗ · 2022 · Lu, Zhong et al. · indexed
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Implementation of Deep Learning Algorithm on a Custom Dataset for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems Applications ↗ · 2022 · Jaikishore, Chathura Neelam et al. · indexed
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The relation between face-emotion recognition and social function in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders: A case control study · 2017 · Høyland, Anne Lise et al. · archived
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Noticing and Knowledge: Exploring Theoretical Connections between Professional Noticing and Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching ↗ · 2017 · Thomas, Jonathan et al. · indexed
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An Event-related Potential Comparison of Facial Expression Processing between Cartoon and Real Faces ↗ · 2018 · Zhao, Jiayin et al. · indexed
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Facial Affect Recognition in Depression Using Human Avatars ↗ · 2023 · Monferrer, Marta et al. · indexed
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Decision Support and Early Warning Systems for Effective Crisis Management Towards Sustainable Smart Cities ↗ · 2025 · Al-Enezi, Danah et al. · indexed