time to collision looming

Time-to-collision judgment and looming: perception of imminent collision from optical expansion, tau-based TTC estimation, looming detection thresholds, rear-end closing scenarios, and TTC as a hazard cue and warning trigger. The collision-imminence judgment, distinct from speed_distance_perception (general speed and distance estimation), from perception_action_locomotion (the broader visual control of movement), and from braking_response (the motor response once danger is detected).

285 paper(s) · ranked by relevance to this topic

1. The role of looming and attention capture in drivers’ braking responses ↗ · 2008 · Terry, Hugh R. et al. · indexed
2. Time-to-Collision Judgments Under Realistic Driving Conditions ↗ · 2006 · Kiefer, Raymond J. et al. · indexed
3. Time-to-Collision Judgments of Constant and Non-Constant Velocities: Implications for Rear-End Collisions ↗ · 2006 · Tharanathan, Anand et al. · indexed
4. Using perceptual cues for brake response to a lead vehicle: Comparing threshold and accumulator models of visual looming ↗ · 2018 · Xue, Qingwan et al. · indexed
5. Time-to-contact ↗ · 2004 · Hecht, Heiko et al. · indexed
6. Perceiving Time to Collision Activates the Sensorimotor Cortex ↗ · 2005 · Field, David T. et al. · indexed
7. Can Tactile Information be Used as a Cue in Time-to-Collision Estimation? ↗ · 2025 · DeLucia, Patricia R. et al. · indexed
8. Time-to-Collision Estimation in a Simulated Driving Task ↗ · 1996 · Sidaway, Ben et al. · indexed
9. Two’s a Crowd: Factors Affecting Time-to-Collision Estimations of Multiple Approaching Vehicles ↗ · 2025 · Oliver, Myriam et al. · indexed
10. Looming Auditory Collision Warnings for Driving ↗ · 2011 · Gray, Rob · indexed
11. Information Used in Judging Impending Collision ↗ · 1979 · Schiff, William et al. · indexed
12. Auditory Information Improves Time-to-collision Estimation for Accelerating Vehicles · 2023 · Wessels, Marlene et al. · archived
13. Differential contribution of velocity and distance to time estimation during self-initiated time-to-collision judgment ↗ · 2015 · Li, You et al. · indexed
14. Visual Information and Skill Level in Time-To-Collision Estimation ↗ · 1988 · Cavallo, Viola et al. · indexed
15. Effects of Size on Collision Perception and Implications for Perceptual Theory and Transportation Safety ↗ · 2013 · DeLucia, Patricia R. · indexed
16. The use of accurate versus heuristic auditory and visual cues for time-to-collision judgments ↗ · 2017 · Oberfeld, Daniel et al. · indexed
17. Looming Auditory Collision Warnings for Semi-Automated Driving ↗ · 2018 · Lahmer, Marie et al. · indexed
18. A Theory of Visual Control of Braking Based on Information about Time-to-Collision ↗ · 1976 · Lee, David N. · indexed
19. Does the Size-Arrival Effect Occur With an Active Collision-Avoidance Task in an Immersive 3D Virtual Reality Environment? ↗ · 2021 · DeLucia, Patricia R. et al. · indexed
20. Surprise Braking Trials, Time-to-Collision Judgments, and “First Look” Maneuvers Under Realistic Rear-End Crash Scenarios · 2005 · Kiefer, R. J. et al. · archived
21. Predicting Driver Emergency Response Onset using Time-to-Impact ↗ · 2022 · Erazo, Fabian et al. · indexed
22. Optic-Flow and Cognitive Factors in Time-to-Collision Estimates ↗ · 1983 · McLeod, Ronald W. et al. · indexed
23. Looming Auditory and Vibrotactile Collision Warning for Safe Driving ↗ · 2013 · Ho, Cristy et al. · indexed
24. Effect of a looming visual cue on situation awareness and perceived urgency in response to a takeover request ↗ · 2024 · Park, YounJung et al. · indexed
25. Use of Peripheral Vision in the Decision to Brake ↗ · 1989 · Bardy, Benoît G. et al. · indexed
26. A one-boundary drift-diffusion model for time to collision estimation in a simple driving task ↗ · 2019 · Daneshi, Asieh et al. · indexed
27. Calculating dynamic thresholds for critical time to collision as a safety measure ↗ · 2022 · Nadimi, Navid et al. · indexed
28. The potential of visual acceleration signals for pedestrians' time-to-collision estimation ↗ · 2026 · Wessels, Marlene et al. · indexed
29. Does Affective Content of Sounds Affect Auditory Time-to-collision Estimation? ↗ · 2021 · Braly, Adam M. et al. · indexed
30. Reduced Sensitivity to Visual Looming Inflates the Risk Posed by Speeding Vehicles When Children Try to Cross the Road ↗ · 2011 · Wann, John P. et al. · indexed
31. Trial-by-trial feedback fails to improve the consideration of acceleration in visual time-to-collision estimation · 2023 · Wessels, Marlene et al. · archived
32. A farewell to brake reaction times? Kinematics-dependent brake response in naturalistic rear-end emergencies ↗ · 2016 · Markkula, Gustav et al. · indexed
33. Choice of time-headway in car-following and the role of time-to-collision information in braking ↗ · 1996 · WINSUM, WIM VAN et al. · indexed
34. A general formulation for time-to-collision safety indicator ↗ · 2012 · Saffarzadeh, Mahmoud et al. · indexed
35. Correction: Trial-by-trial feedback fails to improve the consideration of acceleration in visual time-to-collision estimation · 2024 · Wessels, Marlene et al. · archived
36. Effects of Task-Irrelevant Cars on Judgments of Deceleration and Time-to-Contact During Car-Following ↗ · 2012 · Levulis, Samuel J. et al. · indexed
37. Developing an inverse time-to-collision crash alert timing approach based on drivers’ last-second braking and steering judgments ↗ · 2004 · Kiefer, Raymond J. et al. · indexed
38. IVHS Countermeasures for Rear-End Collision, Task 1 Vol. VI: Human Factors Studies · 1994 · Wilson, Terry · archived
39. IVHS Countermeasures For Rear-End Collisions, Task 1 Volume V: 1985 Nass Case Analysis, Interim Report · 1994 · WILSON, TERRY · archived
40. The effects of automation level and takeover lead time on time-to-collision judgments ↗ · 2025 · Wilson, Evelyn et al. · indexed
41. IVHS Countermeasures For Rear-End Collisions, Task 1 Volume Vi: Human Factors Studies, Interim Report · 1994 · NHTSA · archived
42. Identification of Visual Cues and Quantification of Drivers' Perception of Proximity Risk to the Lead Vehicle in Car-Following Situations ↗ · 2008 · KONDOH, Takayuki et al. · indexed
43. Can Stroboscopic Training Improve Time-to-Collision Judgments of Approaching Objects? ↗ · 2017 · Braly, Adam M. et al. · indexed
44. Responses to deceleration during car following: Roles of optic flow, warnings, expectations, and interruptions. ↗ · 2009 · DeLucia, Patricia R. et al. · indexed
45. A binary acceleration signal reduces overestimation in pedestrians’ visual time-to-collision estimation for accelerating vehicles ↗ · 2024 · Wessels, Marlene et al. · indexed
46. Bridge motion to collision alarming using driving video ↗ · 2016 · Kilicarslan, Mehmet et al. · indexed
47. The accuracy of estimating time to contact in transversal motion and head-on motion ↗ · 2018 · Daneshi, Asieh et al. · indexed
48. Overestimated time-to-collision for quiet vehicles: Evidence from a study using a novel audiovisual virtual-reality system for traffic scenarios ↗ · 2022 · Oberfeld, Daniel et al. · indexed
49. Visual Strategies Used for Time-to-Arrival Judgments in Driving ↗ · 2010 · van Loon, Editha M et al. · indexed
50. Detecting the Deceleration of a Lead Car during Active Control of Virtual Self Motion ↗ · 2007 · Tharanathan, Anand et al. · indexed
51. Traffic conflicts for road user safety studies ↗ · 1994 · Brow, Gerald R. · indexed
52. The effect of vehicle source intensity on auditory time-to-collision estimation ↗ · 2025 · Huisman, Thirsa et al. · indexed
53. Comparison of Driver Brake Reaction Times to Multimodal Rear-end Collision Warnings ↗ · 2007 · Scott, Jeffrey J et al. · indexed
54. Direct vehicle collision detection from motion in driving video ↗ · 2017 · Kilicarslan, Mehmet et al. · indexed
55. Audiovisual Integration of Time-to-Contact Information for Approaching Objects ↗ · 2016 · DeLucia, Patricia R. et al. · indexed
56. Visual Cues and Attention Demand in Locomotor Positioning ↗ · 1991 · Bardy, Benoît G. et al. · indexed
57. Persistent Fear Responses in Rhesus Monkeys to the Optical Stimulus of "Looming" ↗ · 1962 · Schiff, William et al. · indexed
58. Visual Information in Judgments of Head-On Collisions ↗ · 2007 · Mork, Kerstan S. et al. · indexed
59. Audiovisual time-to-collision estimation for accelerating vehicles: The acoustic signature of electric vehicles impairs pedestrians' judgments · 2022 · Wessels, Marlene et al. · archived
60. Effects of Adjacent Vehicles on Judgments of a Lead Car During Car Following ↗ · 2016 · Levulis, Samuel J. et al. · indexed
61. Forward collision warning requirements project : refining the CAMP crash alert timing approach by examining "last second" braking and lane change maneuvers under various kinematic conditions · 2003 · Kiefer, Raymond J. et al. · archived
62. Comparing time to collision and time headway as safety criteria ↗ · 2021 · Ramezani Khansari, Ehsan et al. · indexed
63. Accumulation of continuously time-varying sensory evidence constrains neural and behavioral responses in human collision threat detection ↗ · 2020 · Markkula, Gustav et al. · indexed
64. Does automated driving affect time-to-collision judgments? ↗ · 2018 · Lodinger, Natalie R. et al. · indexed
65. Time-to-Contact and Collision-Detection Estimations as Measures of Driving Safety in Old and Dementia Drivers ↗ · 2001 · Read, Nicoleta L et al. · indexed
66. A Comparison of Tactile, Visual, and Auditory Warnings for Rear-End Collision Prevention in Simulated Driving ↗ · 2008 · Scott, Jeffrey J et al. · indexed
67. Steer or Brake?: Modeling Drivers’ Collision-Avoidance Behavior by Using Perceptual Cues ↗ · 2016 · Venkatraman, Vindhya et al. · indexed
68. Audiovisual estimation of time to collision in road traffic assessed in bilateral cochlear implants users ↗ · 2024 · Körtje, Monika et al. · indexed
69. Accumulation of continuously time-varying sensory evidence constrains neural and behavioral responses in human collision threat detection ↗ · 2021 · Markkula, Gustav et al. · indexed
70. Construction and Simulation of Rear-End Conflicts Recognition Model Based on Improved TTC Algorithm · 2019 · Ge, Huimin et al. · archived
71. The effect of vehicle sound power on auditory time-to-collision estimation ↗ · 2026 · Huisman, Thirsa et al. · indexed
72. Motorcycle Accident Risk Could Be Inflated by a Time to Arrival Illusion ↗ · 2005 · Horswill, Mark S. et al. · indexed
73. A vehicular collision warning algorithm based on the time-to-collision estimation under connected environment ↗ · 2016 · Li, Yongfu et al. · indexed
74. Detection thresholds in car following situations and peripheral vision: implications for positioning of visually demanding in-car displays ↗ · 1999 · Lamble, Dave et al. · indexed
75. The effect of vehicle sound power on auditory time-to-collision estimation · 2026 · Huisman, Thirsa et al. · archived
76. Dynamic Vibrotactile Signals for Forward Collision Avoidance Warning Systems ↗ · 2014 · Meng, Fanxing et al. · indexed
77. Accuracy of estimating time to collision using binocular and monocular information ↗ · 1998 · Gray, R et al. · indexed
78. Method for Estimating Time to Collision at Braking in Real-World, Lead Vehicle Stopped Rear-End Crashes for Use in Pre-Crash System Design ↗ · 2011 · Kusano, Kristofer D. et al. · indexed
79. Automotive Collision Avoidance Field Operational Test: Warning Cue Implementation Summary Report · 2002 · NHTSA · archived
80. Driver Assisting by Inverse Time to Collision ↗ · 2006 · Balas, Valentina E. et al. · indexed
81. Drivers’ Responses to Lead Vehicles: Thresholds for Triggering an Emergency Response, Age Differences, Crash Risks, and Influence of Secondary Task Engagement ↗ · 2021 · Muttart, Jeffrey et al. · indexed
82. An evaluation of time-to-collision as a surrogate safety measure and a proposal of a new method for its application in safety analysis ↗ · 2019 · Nadimi, Navid et al. · indexed
83. Human Performance Models and Rear-End Collision Avoidance Algorithms ↗ · 2001 · Brown, Timothy L. et al. · indexed
84. A Comparison of Different Informative Vibrotactile Forward Collision Warnings: Does the Warning Need to Be Linked to the Collision Event? ↗ · 2014 · Gray, Rob et al. · indexed
85. Can Stroboscopic Training Improve Judgments of Time-to-Collision? ↗ · 2019 · Braly, Adam M. et al. · indexed
86. New time-based surrogate safety measure to assess crash risk in car-following scenarios ↗ · 2014 · Behbahani, Hamid et al. · indexed
87. Can Stroboscopic Training Improve Time-to-Collision Judgments of Laterally Moving Objects? ↗ · 2018 · Braly, Adam M. et al. · indexed
88. Effects of Pictorial Relative Size and Ground-Intercept Information on Judgments about Potential Collisions in Perspective Displays ↗ · 1995 · Delucia, Patricia R. · indexed
89. Age Differences in Perceptual Judgments about Potential Collision and Implications for Driving ↗ · 2001 · DeLucia, Patricia R. · indexed
90. Driver perception and reaction in collision avoidance: Implications for ADAS development and testing ↗ · 2016 · Sieber, Markus et al. · indexed
91. Pictorial and motion-based depth information during active control of self-motion: Size-arrival effects on collision avoidance. ↗ · 1994 · DeLucia, Patricia R. et al. · indexed
92. Collision Warning Timing, Driver Distraction, and Driver Response to Imminent Rear-End Collisions in a High-Fidelity Driving Simulator ↗ · 2002 · Lee, John D. et al. · indexed
93. A comparison of headway and time to collision as safety indicators ↗ · 2003 · Vogel, Katja · indexed
94. The Potential Value of a Front-to-Rear-End Collision Warning System Based on Factors of Driver Behavior, Visual Perception and Brake Reaction Time ↗ · 1992 · McGehee, Daniel V. et al. · indexed
95. Judgments about Collisions in Simulations of Scenes with Textured Surfaces and Self-Motion: Do Display Enhancements Affect Performance? ↗ · 2002 · DeLucia, Patricia R. et al. · indexed
96. Collision Risk Evaluation Based on Deceleration for Collision Avoidance · 2011 · Hiraoka, Toshihiro et al. · archived
97. Countermeasures to prevent detection failure of a vehicle approaching on collision course ↗ · 2011 · Uchida, Nobuyuki et al. · indexed
98. Real-Time Time-to-Collision from Variation of Intrinsic Scale · 2008 · Nègre, Amaury et al. · archived
99. Effects of Oncoming Vehicle Size on Overtaking Judgments · 2014 · Levulis, Samuel J. et al. · archived
100. Collision risk analysis of urban road work zone based on traffic conflict technology ↗ · 2022 · Bao, Lixia · indexed
101. Driver Choices of Time-to-Collision Thresholds for a Collision Warning System ↗ · 2016 · Botzer, Assaf et al. · indexed
102. Driver operational level identification of driving risk and graded time-based alarm under near-crash conditions: A driving simulator study ↗ · 2022 · Li, Xianyu et al. · indexed
103. Driver Responses to Cyclists Crossing from Near and Far Side in Driving Simulator Experiments · 2022 · Zhao, Yuqing et al. · archived
104. Research on drivers' hazard perception and visual characteristics before vehicle-to-powered two-wheeler collisions ↗ · 2025 · Wu, Xianhui et al. · indexed
105. Population distributions of time to collision at brake application during car following from naturalistic driving data ↗ · 2015 · Kusano, Kristofer D. et al. · indexed
106. ROAD ENVIRONMENT AND VISUAL ANTICIPATION OF A COLLISION DURING SELF-MOTION ↗ · 1999 · Berthelon, Catherine et al. · indexed
107. The Effect of Car-following in Different Time Headways on Visual Distraction and Its Relation to System Effectiveness of a Forward Collision Warning System · 2012 · ABE, Genya et al. · archived
108. Environmental Cues Involved in the Visual Anticipation of a Collision ↗ · 2000 · Catherine, Berthelon et al. · indexed
109. Attention-Based Model of Driver Performance in Rear-End Collisions ↗ · 2000 · Brown, Timothy L. et al. · indexed
110. Time-To-Collision: A Sensitive Measure of Driver Interaction with Traffic in a Simulated Driving Task ↗ · 1997 · Fiorentino, Dary D. et al. · indexed
111. Collision Avoidance Behavior of Unalerted Drivers Using a Front-to-Rear-End Collision Warning Display on the Iowa Driving Simulator ↗ · 1997 · Lee, Jaesik et al. · indexed
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113. Forward collision warning based on a driver model to increase drivers’ acceptance ↗ · 2019 · Puente Guillen, Pablo et al. · indexed
114. The Influence of Lead Vehicle Behavior and Vehicle Rates of Closure on a Driver's Braking Behavior ↗ · 2007 · Kelling, Nicholas et al. · indexed
115. Effectiveness of forward obstacles collision warning system based on deceleration for collision avoidance ↗ · 2014 · Takada, Shota et al. · indexed
116. How does a driver perceive risk when making decision of lane-changing? ↗ · 2016 · Zhou, Huiping et al. · indexed
117. A novel approach for the probabilistic computation of Time-To-Collision ↗ · 2012 · Berthelot, Adam et al. · indexed
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119. Errors in judging the approach rate of motorcycles in nighttime conditions and the effect of an improved lighting configuration ↗ · 2011 · Gould, M. et al. · indexed
120. Effects of oncoming vehicle size on overtaking judgments ↗ · 2015 · Levulis, Samuel J. et al. · indexed
121. Improvement of Evaluation Indices for Rear-End Collision Risk ↗ · 2017 · Hiraoka, Toshihiro et al. · indexed
122. A Collision Warning System for rear-end collision: a driving simulator study ↗ · 2011 · Bella, Francesco et al. · indexed
123. Effect of Warning Timing on Collision Avoidance Behavior in a Stationary Lead Vehicle Scenario ↗ · 2002 · McGehee, Daniel V. et al. · indexed
124. Analysis and Validation of Surrogate Safety Measures by Types of Lead and Following Vehicles ↗ · 2017 · Zhao, Peibo et al. · indexed
125. An improved automated braking system for rear-end collisions: A study based on a driving simulator experiment ↗ · 2021 · Hang, Junyu et al. · indexed
126. Impact of Time-to-Collision Information on Driving Behavior in Connected Vehicle Environments Using A Driving Simulator Test Bed · 2015 · Osman, Osama A. et al. · archived
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128. Driver`s Steering Behaviour Identification and Modelling in Near Rear-End collision ↗ · 2017 · Hassan, Nurhaffizah et al. · indexed
129. The effects of in-vehicle and infrastructure-based collision warnings at signalized intersections · 2009 · Inman, Vaughn W. et al. · archived
130. Longitudinal collision warning system based on driver braking characteristics ↗ · 2020 · Han, Zhifeng et al. · indexed
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133. A perceptual forward collision warning model using naturalistic driving data ↗ · 2018 · Tawfeek, Mostafa H. et al. · indexed
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135. Vehicle Collision Warning System and Algorithm at Intersection under Internet-Connected Vehicles Environment ↗ · 2012 · Liu, Tianping et al. · indexed
136. No-onset looming motion guides spatial attention. ↗ · 2007 · von Mühlenen, Adrian et al. · indexed
137. IVHS Countermeasures for Rear-End Collisions, Task 2 -- Functional Goals · 1996 · Wilson, Terry · archived
138. The Effect of Lead Time of Collision Warning Messages on Driver Performance ↗ · 2014 · Wan, Jingyan et al. · indexed
139. Traffic Risk Modelling and Analysis under Airport-Like Simulation Environment ↗ · 2022 · Sheng, Yanting et al. · indexed
140. Continuous Risk Measures for Driving Support ↗ · 2018 · Eggert, Julian et al. · indexed
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142. Examining the interaction between timing and modality in forward collision warnings ↗ · 2015 · Gaspar, John G. et al. · indexed
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144. Effectiveness of Visual Collision Warning Alerts on Young Drivers’ Latent Hazard Anticipation ↗ · 2017 · Hajiseyedjavadi, Foroogh et al. · indexed
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146. Accuracy of estimating time to collision using only monocular information in unilaterally enucleated observers and monocularly viewing normal controls ↗ · 2000 · Steeves, J.K.E et al. · indexed
147. Assessing the effectiveness of “intuitive” vibrotactile warning signals in preventing front-to-rear-end collisions in a driving simulator ↗ · 2006 · Ho, Cristy et al. · indexed
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149. Collision Detection in Cluttered Driving Scenes ↗ · 2015 · Lemon, Carissa M et al. · indexed
150. Driving risk emerges from the required two-dimensional joint evasive acceleration · 2026 · Cheng, Hao et al. · archived
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152. Situation-Adaptive Warning Timing of a Forward Obstacle Collision Warning System ↗ · 2008 · Hiraoka, Toshihiro et al. · indexed
153. Intercultural Analyses of Time-to-Collision in Vehicle–Pedestrian Conflict on an Urban Midblock Crosswalk ↗ · 2014 · Jiang, Xiaobei et al. · indexed
154. Crash probability estimation via quantifying driver hazard perception ↗ · 2018 · Li, Yang et al. · indexed
155. Time to Arrival Estimates, (Pedestrian) Gap Acceptance and the Size Arrival Effect ↗ · 2017 · Petzoldt, Tibor et al. · indexed
156. Fuzzy Surrogate Safety Metrics for real-time assessment of rear-end collision risk. A study based on empirical observations ↗ · 2020 · Mattas, Konstantinos et al. · indexed
157. Driving Simulator Study for Drivers' Response Times under Rear-End Scenarios ↗ · 2013 · Chen, Ming et al. · indexed
158. Identification of evasive manoeuvres in traffic interactions and conflicts · 2022 · Johnsson, Carl et al. · archived
159. Prior Exposure, Warning Algorithm Parameters and Driver Response to Imminent Rear-End Collisions on a High-Sfideltiy Simulator ↗ · 2000 · Lee, John D. et al. · indexed
160. Ipsilateral and contralateral warnings: effects on decision-making and eye movements in near-collision scenarios ↗ · 2022 · de Winter, Joost et al. · indexed
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164. A hybrid approach for identifying factors affecting driver reaction time using naturalistic driving data ↗ · 2019 · Arbabzadeh, Nasim et al. · indexed
165. Do Drivers Accurately Estimate Time-Required-to-Turn in Left-Turn Scenarios? ↗ · 2025 · Gabrie, Rebeca et al. · indexed
166. Consistent Threat Assessment in Rear-End Near-Crashes Using BTN and TTB Metrics, Road Information and Naturalistic Traffic Data ↗ · 2017 · Gelso, Esteban R. et al. · indexed
167. Take-over performance in evasive manoeuvres · 2017 · Happee, Riender et al. · archived
168. Size speed bias or size arrival effect—How judgments of vehicles’ approach speed and time to arrival are influenced by the vehicles’ size ↗ · 2016 · Petzoldt, Tibor · indexed
169. Can unreliable auditory hazard warnings help the driver? The effect of timing errors and false alarms on road hazard detection in dynamic road scenes. ↗ · 2026 · Song, Jiali et al. · indexed
170. Prediction of collision events: An EEG coherence analysis ↗ · 2011 · Spapé, Michiel M. et al. · indexed
171. Potential benefits of an adaptive forward collision warning system · 2007 · Jamson, A. Hamish et al. · archived
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173. Are Rear-End Crashes Caused Mainly by an Interaction Between Glance Duration and Closure Rate? ↗ · 2017 · Young, Richard A · indexed
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175. Lane Change Hazard Analysis Using Radar Traces to Identify Conflicts and Time-to-Collision Measures · 2023 · Guduri, Balachandar et al. · archived
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182. Cockpit Displays of Traffic Information and Pilot Bias in Time-to-Contact Judgments ↗ · 2014 · Pankok, Carl et al. · indexed
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187. Effects of directional auditory and visual warnings at intersections on reaction times and speed reduction times · 2017 · Bella, Francesco et al. · archived
188. How do drivers avoid collisions? A driving simulator-based study ↗ · 2019 · Li, Xiaomeng et al. · indexed
189. Age and Gender Differences in Time to Collision at Braking From the 100-Car Naturalistic Driving Study ↗ · 2014 · Montgomery, Jade et al. · indexed
190. Effects of Air Traffic Geometry on Pilots' Conflict Detection with Cockpit Display of Traffic Information ↗ · 2004 · Wickens, C. D. · indexed
191. Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Human Factors Study : Experiment 3 : The Role of Automated Braking and Auditory Alert in Collision Avoidance Response · 2016 · Inman, Vaughan W. et al. · archived
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198. 5204 A study on alarm settings strategies for a forward collision warning system based on individual braking behaviour · 2008 · Abe, Genya et al. · archived
199. Just Noticeable Differences for Vehicle Rates of Closure · 2007 · Corso, Gregory M. et al. · archived
200. Detection of linear ego-acceleration from optic flow ↗ · 2012 · Festl, Freya et al. · indexed
201. Risk assessment for Collision Avoidance Systems · 2014 · Houenou, Adam et al. · archived
202. On the relationship between pedestrian gap acceptance and time to arrival estimates ↗ · 2014 · Petzoldt, Tibor · indexed
203. How Long Does It Take to Stop? Methodological Analysis of Driver Perception-Brake Times ↗ · 2000 · Green, Marc · indexed
204. CAR-2-X and Pedestrian Safety ↗ · 2010 · David, Klaus et al. · indexed
205. Development of framework for in-vehicle collision warning system considering driver characteristics ↗ · 2021 · Hassein, Udai · indexed
206. REACT: Runtime-Enabled active collision-avoidance technique for autonomous driving · 2025 · Huang, Heye et al. · archived
207. Dynamic Risk Detection and Early Warning Strategy for Vehicle Collisions at Signal-free Intersections* ↗ · 2023 · Haijin, Fan et al. · indexed
208. Test Procedures with Countermeasure Timing Constraints for Intersection Movement and Left Turn Assist Safety Applications · 2021 · Azeredo, Philip et al. · archived
209. Identifying the Driving Factors that Affect Judgments of Head-on Collisions ↗ · 2006 · DeLucia, Patricia R. et al. · indexed
210. Development of a Collision Warning System for Adaptive Cruise Control Vehicles Using a Comparison Analysis of Recent Algorithms ↗ · 2006 · Ararat, Öncü et al. · indexed
211. Comparing Time To Collision estimates: Experiments in a Wave Field Synthesis Laboratory and the Real World Environment ↗ · 2025 · Krautwurm, Jonas et al. · indexed
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213. Integrated evasive manoeuvre assist for collision mitigation with oncoming vehicles · 2018 · Arikere, Adithya et al. · archived
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