DrivingResearch.

roadway lighting effects

Effects of fixed roadway and street lighting on driving: pole-mounted luminaires, intersection and highway lighting design, illuminance and uniformity, lit-versus-unlit crash and detection comparisons, and lighting color temperature. Concerns infrastructure lighting external to the vehicle, distinct from the car's own headlamps (headlamp_performance) and adaptive beam control (adaptive_driving_beam).

352 paper(s) · ranked by relevance to this topic

  1. Web-Based Training for FHWA Roadway Lighting Workshop Module 1: Roadway Lighting Design Overview · 2018 · Frering, Daniel C. et al. · archived
  2. Design Criteria for Adaptive Roadway Lighting · 2014 · Gibbons, Ronald B. et al. · archived
  3. Roadway Lighting Handbook · 1978 · Walton, Ned E. · archived
  4. Evaluation of the Safety Performance of Continuous Mainline Roadway Lighting on Freeway Segments in Washington State · 2016 · van Schalkwyk, Ida et al. · archived
  5. Roadway Intersections, Lighting and Safety ↗ · 2013 · Bullough, John D. et al. · indexed
  6. Screening methodology for needs of roadway lighting. · 2003 · Lambert, James Hamilton et al. · archived
  7. Development of Automated Roadway Lighting Diagnosis Tools for Nighttime Traffic Safety Improvement, Phase II · 2022 · Wang, Zhenyu et al. · archived
  8. Informational Report on Lighting Design for Midblock Crosswalks · 2008 · Gibbons, Ronald B. et al. · archived
  9. Continuous freeway illumination and accidents on a section of Rte. I-95. · 1978 · Hilton, Marvin H · archived
  10. Street lighting for preventing road traffic injuries ↗ · 2009 · Beyer, Fiona et al. · indexed
  11. Nighttime Highway Construction Illumination [URTC Report] · 2014 · Bullough, John D. et al. · archived
  12. Fixed Illumination for Pedestrian Protection: Final Report · 1975 · Freedman, Mark et al. · archived
  13. Evaluation of the Impact of Spectral Power Distribution on Driver Performance · 2015 · Gibbons, Ronald B. et al. · archived
  14. Innovative, energy-efficient lighting for New York state roadways : opportunities for incorporating mesopic visibility considerations into roadway lighting practice · 2008 · Bullough, John D. et al. · archived
  15. Driver Vision: Bibliography · 1963 · NHTSA · archived
  16. Public Roads: A Journal of Highway Research, Vol. 36. No. 12 · 1972 · Schwab, Richard N. et al. · archived
  17. Investigating the effect of ambient light conditions on road traffic crashes: The case of Cape Town, South Africa ↗ · 2024 · Nteziyaremye, Pascal et al. · indexed
  18. Study to Understand the Influence of Emergency Vehicle Color, Reflectance, Signing/Arrow Boards, and Lighting Configurations in Reducing Responder Involved Crashes · 2025 · Agarwal, Nithin et al. · archived
  19. Effects of Environmental Lighting Conditions on Operating Speeds on Urban Arterials ↗ · 2012 · Bassani, Marco et al. · indexed
  20. Roadside Assistance Vehicle Lighting: Review of Scientific Research and State Regulations · 2025 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  21. The safety benefits of brighter roadmarkings ↗ · 2006 · Dravitzki, V K et al. · indexed
  22. Human Factors Literature Reviews on Intersections, Speed Management, Pedestrians and Bicyclists, and Visibility · 2006 · Kludt, K. et al. · archived
  23. Connected vehicle applications for adaptive overhead lighting (on-demand lighting) : final research report. · 2016 · Gibbons, Ronald B et al. · archived
  24. Breakthroughs in Vision and Visibility for Highway Safety: Workshop Summary Report, August 13-14, 2014 · 2015 · McInnis, Catherine et al. · archived
  25. Evaluation of warning lights on maintenance of traffic devices and development of possible alternatives. · 2013 · Theiss, LuAnn et al. · archived
  26. Development of a Model to Calculate Roadway Luminance Induced by Fixed Roadway Lighting ↗ · 2006 · Aktan, Fuat et al. · indexed
  27. Examining the impact of different LED road stud layouts on driving performance and gaze behaviour at night-time ↗ · 2024 · Portera, Alberto et al. · indexed
  28. Exploration of Color Patterns for Improving Work Zone Safety and Perception · 2025 · Wu, Hongyue et al. · archived
  29. Public Roads: A Journal of Highway Research and Development, Vol. 51 No. 2 · 1987 · Andrews, William H. Jr. et al. · archived
  30. The influence of LED road stud color on driver behavior and perception along horizontal curves at nighttime · 2023 · Portera, Alberto et al. · archived
  31. What is the effect of reduced street lighting on crime and road traffic injuries at night? A mixed-methods study · 2015 · Perkins, Chloe et al. · archived
  32. Public Roads: A Journal of Highway Research, Vol. 33, No. 11 · 1965 · Michaels, Richard M. et al. · archived
  33. A Safety Evaluation of UVA Vehicle Headlights · 1998 · Nitzburg, Marsha et al. · archived
  34. Highway Design Handbook for Older Drivers and Pedestrians · 2001 · Staplin, L. et al. · archived
  35. Prototype mobile luminance measurement system and level of service for evaluating rural high-speed nighttime delineation. · 2013 · Miles, Jeffrey D. et al. · archived
  36. Effect of Vehicle Color and Background Visibility for Improving Safety on Rural Kansas Highways · 2015 · Dissanayake, Sunanda et al. · archived
  37. Investigating the effects of roadway design on driver behavior : applications for Minnesota highway design · 1999 · Scallen, S. et al. · archived
  38. Relationship between Road Network Characteristics and Traffic Safety · 2018 · Sharif, Hatim et al. · archived
  39. Recommendations for Highway Construction, Maintenance, and Service Equipment Warning Lights and Pavement Data Collection System Safety · 1998 · Ullman, Gerald et al. · archived
  40. Improving the effectiveness of nighttime temporary traffic control warning devices, volume 2 : evaluation of nighttime mobile warning lights. · 2013 · Steele, Douglas A. et al. · archived
  41. The Effect of Nighttime Lighting Systems on Workers’ Visibility and Safety [Tech Transfer Summary] · 2025 · Ho, Chun-Hsing et al. · archived
  42. Evaluation of Steady-Burn Warning Lights on Channelizing Drums in Work Zones · 2010 · Datta, Tapan K. et al. · archived
  43. Utility Pole Crash Modeling · 2001 · Marquis, Brian · archived
  44. Solar-Powered Active Road Studs and Highway Infrastructure: Effect on Vehicle Speeds ↗ · 2021 · Llewellyn, Richard et al. · indexed
  45. Human factors opportunities to improve Ohio’s transportation system : final report, June 2005. · 2005 · Zwahlen, Helmut T. et al. · archived
  46. Using Lighting And Visual Information To Alter Driver Behavior · 2012 · Bullough, John D. et al. · archived
  47. Quantitative indicators of street lighting with mood, fatigue, mental workload and sleepiness in car drivers ↗ · 2023 · Madvari, Rohollah Fallah et al. · indexed
  48. Modern traffic control devices to improve safety at rural intersections. · 2011 · Fitzpatrick, Kay et al. · archived
  49. Driving safety of low-position lighting in highway tunnels based on visual performance ↗ · 2025 · Ren, Rui et al. · indexed
  50. Public Roads: A Journal of Highway Research and Development, Vol. 54 No. 4 · 1991 · Tignor, Samuel et al. · archived
  51. Overhead guide sign retroreflectivity and illumination. · 2015 · Obeidat, Mohammed et al. · archived
  52. Public Roads: A Journal of Highway Research, Vol. 31, No. 3 · 1960 · Michaels, Richard M. et al. · archived
  53. Can light emitting diode-based road studs improve vehicle control in curves at night? A driving simulator study · 2016 · Shahar, A et al. · archived
  54. Work vehicle warning lights : color options and effectiveness. · 2015 · Howell, Brian et al. · archived
  55. Traffic Signal Brightness: An Examination of Nighttime Dimming · 1985 · Freedman, Mark et al. · archived
  56. The impact of road lighting on road user alertness in the evening · 2023 · Alshdaifat, A. et al. · archived
  57. Handbook for designing roadways for the aging population. · 2014 · Brewer, Marcus et al. · archived
  58. Use of high intensity reflective sheeting in lieu of external lighting of overhead roadway signs. · 2013 · Jackson, N. Mike et al. · archived
  59. Safety Effectiveness of Stop-Sign Beacons : A Cross-Sectional Study · 2018 · Hallmark, Shauna L. et al. · archived
  60. Assessing Crash Reduction at Stop-Controlled Intersections: A Before-After Study of LED-Backlit Signs Using Crash and Conflict Data ↗ · 2025 · Layegh, Maziyar et al. · indexed
  61. Measurement of the reflection properties of road surfaces to improve the safety and sustainability of road lighting ↗ · 2009 · Jackett, M J et al. · indexed
  62. Modern traffic control devices to improve safety at rural intersections · 2011 · Fitzpatrick, Kelly · archived
  63. Developing and testing a LED system to improve pedestrian safety in Nevada · 2018 · Teng, Hualiang (Harry) et al. · archived
  64. Association of Selected Intersection Factors with Red-Light-Running Crashes · 2000 · Mohamedshah, Yusuf M. et al. · archived
  65. Evaluation of the use of strobe lights in the red lens of traffic signals : technical assistance report. · 1994 · Cottrell, B.H., Jr · archived
  66. Making Intersections Safer: A Toolbox of Engineering Countermeasures to Reduce Red-Light Running: An Informational Report · 2003 · NHTSA · archived
  67. Hybrid dimension reduction and logit models for glare-induced crash severity · 2026 · Tusti, Anannya Ghosh et al. · archived
  68. Public Roads: A Journal of Highway Research, Vol. 36. No. 10 · 1971 · Viner, J.G. et al. · archived
  69. Evaluating the Impacts of Red Light Camera Deployment on Intersection Traffic Safety · 2018 · Park, Sung Yoon et al. · archived
  70. Light Isn’t Just for Vision Anymore: Implications for Transportation Safety · 2007 · Figueiro, Mariana G. et al. · archived
  71. Evaluation of Green Lights on TMAS · 2018 · Brown, Henry et al. · archived
  72. Truck-involved crashes injury severity analysis for different lighting conditions on rural and urban roadways · 2017 · Uddin, Majbah et al. · archived
  73. Analysis and methods of improvement of safety at high-speed rural intersections. · 2012 · Tarko, Andrew P. et al. · archived
  74. ANALYSIS ON THE INFLUENCE OF ACCUMULATION EFFECT OF LANDSCAPE COLOR ON TRAFFIC SAFETY IN THE FOGGY SECTIONS OF EXPRESSWAYS · 2017 · Li, Xiaolei et al. · archived
  75. Barrier Striping for the Reduction of Accidents · 2026 · Kutela, Boniphace et al. · archived
  76. Traffic Control Device Analysis, Testing, and Evaluation Program: FY 2024 Activities · 2025 · Finley, Melisa D. et al. · archived
  77. Intersection Safety Briefs Resources [Issue Briefs vol. 17] · 2009 · NHTSA · archived
  78. Public Roads: A Journal of Highway Research and Development, Vol. 41 No. 3 · 1977 · Breen, John E. et al. · archived
  79. Study of Accidents at Signalized Intersections -- Phase I Final Report · 1997 · Wolverton, Jereen J. et al. · archived
  80. Evaluation of potential benefits of wider and brighter edge line pavement markings. · 2010 · Miles, Jeffrey D. et al. · archived
  81. Roadside Hazards · 1968 · Blatnik, John A. et al. · archived
  82. Lighted Guidance Tube Evaluation: Final Report · 2000 · Griffith, Andrew et al. · archived
  83. Evaluation of Michigan’s engineering improvements for older drivers. · 2015 · Kwigizile, Valerian et al. · archived
  84. Link between Pavement Marking Retroreflectivity and Night Crashes on Michigan Two-Lane Highways ↗ · 2014 · Avelar, Raul et al. · indexed
  85. Red-Light-Running Handbook: An Engineer’s Guide to Reducing Red-Light-Related Crashes · 2004 · Bonneson, James et al. · archived
  86. Improvement of the Effectiveness of Motorist Warnings at Railroad-Highway Grade Crossings · 1977 · Hopkins, John B. et al. · archived
  87. Traffic safety and the rural road environment: Assessing the impact of combined roadway conditions on crash incidence ↗ · 2022 · Ambunda, R et al. · indexed
  88. Developing Crash Modification Factors for Guardrails, Utility Poles, and Side-Slope Improvements [techbrief] · 2021 · Avelar, Raul et al. · archived
  89. Light Isn’t Just for Vision Anymore: Implications for Transportation Safety (Part II) · 2009 · Figueiro, Mariana G. et al. · archived
  90. Road traffic casualties: understanding the night-time death toll · 2006 · Plainis, Sotiris et al. · archived
  91. CHARACTERISTICS AND NEEDS FOR OVERHEAD GUIDE SIGN ILLUMINATION FROM VEHICULAR HEADLAMPS ↗ · 1999 · Russell, E R et al. · indexed
  92. Automated Enforcement: A Compendium of Worldwide Evaluations of Results · 2007 · Decina, L. E. (Larry E.) et al. · archived
  93. S-HAL : safety handbook for locals. · 2014 · NHTSA · archived
  94. Approach-End Treatment of Channelization: Signing and Delineation · 1962 · Rowan, Neilon J. · archived
  95. Effect of Ambient Light on the Number of Motorized Vehicles, Cyclists, and Pedestrians ↗ · 2022 · Fotios, Steve et al. · indexed
  96. A Rural Road Accident Probability Model Based on Single-Vehicle Hazard Properties including Hazard Color and Mobility: A Driving Simulator Study ↗ · 2020 · Sheikholeslami, Sina et al. · indexed
  97. Comparison of identification and ranking methodologies for speed-related crash locations. · 2006 · Monsere, Christopher M. et al. · archived
  98. Association of Michigan’s older adult crashes with roadway features : final report. · 2017 · Kwigizile, Valerian et al. · archived
  99. Desk Reference to the Handbook for Designing Roadways for the Aging Population · 2015 · Brewer, Marcus A. et al. · archived
  100. Older driver highway design handbook : recommendations and guidelines · 2000 · NHTSA · archived
  101. Safety of Highway-Railroad Grade Crossings: Use of Auxiliary External Alerting Devices to Improve Locomotive Conspicuity · 1995 · Carroll, Anya A. et al. · archived
  102. Arizona Local Government Safety Project Analysis Model · 2001 · Carey, Jason · archived
  103. Analysis of Effects of Pavement Marking Retroreflectivity on Traffic Crash Frequency on Highways in North Carolina ↗ · 2009 · Donnell, Eric T. et al. · indexed
  104. Safety evaluation of advance street name signs · 2009 · Gross, Frank et al. · archived
  105. Investigating factors affecting injury severities of drivers with low route familiarity level in mountainous highways single-vehicle crashes under different lighting conditions ↗ · 2025 · Xue, Gang et al. · indexed
  106. Guidelines and Recommendations to Accommodate Older Drivers and Pedestrians [2001-05] · 2001 · Staplin, L. et al. · archived
  107. Evaluation of Rural Intersection Treatments · 2018 · Hallmark, Shauna et al. · archived
  108. Analysis of the Dismounted Motorist and Road-Worker Model Pedestrian Safety Regulations · 1982 · Ulmer, Robert G. et al. · archived
  109. Investigation of Longitudinal Pavement Marking Retroreflectivity and Safety ↗ · 2013 · Carlson, Paul J. et al. · indexed
  110. Safety Evaluation of Permanent Raised Snow-Plowable Pavement Markers ↗ · 2004 · Persaud, Bhagwant et al. · indexed
  111. Summary of Projects Funded by the Federal Highway Administration for The National Surface Transportation Safety Center for Excellence from July 2006 to June 2014 · 2016 · Hankey, Jonathan M. et al. · archived
  112. Analysis of roadway departure crashes on two-lane rural roads in Texas. · 2011 · Lord, Dominique et al. · archived
  113. The Twilight Envelope: A User-Centered Approach to Describing Roadway Illumination at Night ↗ · 2001 · Andre, Jeffrey et al. · indexed
  114. Investigating Improvements to Pedestrian Crossings with an Emphasis on the Rectangular Rapid-Flashing Beacon · 2015 · Fitzpatrick, Kay et al. · archived
  115. Crash Risk Reduction at Signalized Intersections Using Longitudinal Data · 2005 · Burkey, Mark L. et al. · archived
  116. Strategies for Improving Roadside Safety · 1998 · Opiela, Kenneth S. et al. · archived
  117. Safety and driver behavior studies at multiple lane approaches to stop-controlled intersections. · 2010 · Schurr, Karen S. et al. · archived
  118. ANTICIPATING INJURY & DEATH: CONTROLLING FOR NEW VARIABLES ON SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA HIGHWAYS ↗ · 2004 · Ma, Jianming et al. · indexed
  119. Choosing Locations for Installation of Pedestrian Crossing Signs and Safety Measures at Non-signalized Intersections (Phase II) · 2024 · Reynolds, Isabelle et al. · archived
  120. Optical pavement treatments and their impact on speed and lateral position at transition zones: A driving simulator study · 2021 · Hussain, Qinaat et al. · archived
  121. Impact of lighting conditions on nighttime crash severity among older and elderly drivers ↗ · 2025 · Das, Subasish · indexed
  122. Public Roads: A Journal of Highway Research, Vol. 33, No. 8 · 1965 · Thiel, Floyd I. et al. · archived
  123. Improvement of conspicuity of trailblazing signs, Phase III : evaluation of fluorescent colors. · 2001 · Neale, Vicki L · archived
  124. Pedestrian alertness during the evening is not affected by lighting conditions typically used for road lighting · 2026 · Alshdaifat, A et al. · archived
  125. Human Factors Study on the Use of Colors for Express Lane Delineators · 2019 · Abou-Senna, Hatem et al. · archived
  126. Public Roads: A Journal of Highway Research and Development, Vol. 37. No. 8 · 1974 · Leone, Anthony et al. · archived
  127. The effect of ambient light condition on road traffic collisions involving pedestrians on pedestrian crossings ↗ · 2017 · Uttley, Jim et al. · indexed
  128. Automated enforcement and highway safety : final report. · 2013 · Herbel, Susan et al. · archived
  129. Understanding the Effects of Pavement Marking Treatments on Night Driving Behavior and Safety ↗ · 2005 · Opiela, Kenneth S et al. · indexed
  130. Vehicle guidance by delineation systems at night ↗ · 1985 · Blaauw, Gerard J. · indexed
  131. Assessment of the Impact of Namibian Rural Road Characteristics on Crash Incidence · 2020 · Ambunda, Robert et al. · archived
  132. Target detection and driving behaviour measurements in a driving simulator at mesopic light levels ↗ · 2006 · Alferdinck, Johan W. A. M. · indexed
  133. Improving the conspicuity of trailblazing signs for incident management. · 1998 · Barker, J. A. et al. · archived
  134. Public Roads: A Journal of Highway Research, Vol. 37. No. 1 · 1972 · Fohs, Donald G. et al. · archived
  135. Driver Visibility Under Wet Pavement Conditions: Size, Shape, and Spacing of Object Markers/Delineators · 1991 · Lee, Raymond L. Jr et al. · archived
  136. Investigation of Skew Angle and Other Factors Influencing Crash Frequency at High-Speed Rural Intersections ↗ · 2017 · Nightingale, Ellen et al. · indexed
  137. Public Roads: A Journal of Highway Research and Development, Vol. 47 No. 3 · 1983 · Rosenbaum, Merton J. et al. · archived
  138. Active Road Studs as an Alternative to Lighting on Rural Roads: Driver Safety Perception ↗ · 2020 · Llewellyn, Richard et al. · indexed
  139. Impacts of LED Brightness, Flash Pattern, and Location for Illuminated Pedestrian Traffic Control Device · 2015 · Fitzpatrick, Kay et al. · archived
  140. Guidelines for Enhancement of Visual Conspicuity of Trains at Grade Crossings · 1975 · Hopkins, John B. et al. · archived
  141. Human Factors Issues in Intersection Safety [Issue Briefs vol. 12] · 2009 · NHTSA · archived
  142. Investigating the all-red-light violation and the increase in front-to-side crashes at signalized intersections · 2024 · Sadeghi-Bazargani, Homayoun et al. · archived
  143. Protecting Roadside Workers: Field Evaluation of Flares, Cones, and Tow Truck Light Patterns · 2023 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  144. Clear zone : a synthesis of practice and an evaluation of the benefits of meeting the 10-ft clear zone goal on urban streets. · 2008 · Maze, Thomas H. et al. · archived
  145. Internet-Supported Evaluation of Highway Safety · 2002 · Tarko, Andrzej P. et al. · archived
  146. Public Roads: A Journal of Highway Research and Development, Vol. 40 No. 1 · 1976 · Smoak, W. Glenn et al. · archived
  147. Field Evaluation of Locomotive Conspicuity Lights · 1975 · Devoe, Donald B. et al. · archived
  148. REFLECTOR POSTS--SIGNS OF DANGER? ↗ · 1993 · Kallberg, Veli-Pekka · indexed
  149. Driving Behavior at Intersections Equipped with Red Light Cameras – A Monte Carlo Simulation Based on Driving Simulator Data · 2021 · Joris, Cornu et al. · archived
  150. Potential Safety Applications of Advanced Technology · 1994 · Fancher, P. et al. · archived
  151. Public Roads: A Journal of Highway Research, Vol. 21, No. 10 · 1940 · Barber, E. S. et al. · archived
  152. Wrong Way Driving – Road Safety Audit Prompt List · 2013 · NHTSA · archived
  153. Investigation of Rural Roadway Departures · 2022 · Burbidge, Shaunna K. et al. · archived
  154. Minimum retroreflectivity levels for overhead guide signs and street-name signs · 2003 · Carlson, Paul J. et al. · archived
  155. Evaluating the Relationship Between the Driver and the Roadway to Address Rural Intersection Safety by Using SHRP2 Naturalistic Driving Study Data and the Roadway Information Database · 2024 · Oneyear, Nicole et al. · archived
  156. Vehicle-Based Countermeasures for Signal and Stop Sign Violations: Task 1. Intersection Control Violation Crash Analyses: Task 2. Top-Level System and Human Factors Requirements · 2004 · Lee, S. E. et al. · archived
  157. Effectiveness of various safety improvements in reducing crashes on Wyoming roadways. · 2013 · Coulter, Zebulun et al. · archived
  158. Assessment of headlamp glare and potential countermeasures : the effects of headlamp mounting height · 2008 · Akashi, Yukio · archived
  159. Research Utilizing SHRP2 Data to Improve Highway Safety: Development of Speed—Safety Relationships · 2020 · Hutton, Jessica M. et al. · archived
  160. Red Light Camera Systems Operational Guidelines · 2005 · NHTSA · archived
  161. Treatments to reduce the frequency of freeway exit sign hits. · 2011 · Pesti, Geza et al. · archived
  162. Red light running : a policy review · 2003 · Quiroga, Cesar et al. · archived
  163. Priority rule signalization under two visibility conditions: Driving simulator study on speed and lateral position · 2018 · Mollu, Kristof et al. · archived
  164. Sign Luminance Requirements for Various Background Complexities · 1985 · Mace, D. J. et al. · archived
  165. A Review of Pedestrian Safety Research in the United States and Abroad · 2003 · Campbell, B. J. et al. · archived
  166. Reducing Roadway Departure Crashes at Horizontal Curve Sections on Two-lane Rural Highways · 2019 · Donnell, Eric T. et al. · archived
  167. Potential Uses of Reduced Datasets from the Roadway Information Database: A White Paper · 2019 · Porter, Richard J. et al. · archived
  168. Workshop on Field Inspection and Rehabilitation of Traffic Control Devices - Proceedings · 1990 · Russell, Phillip O. et al. · archived
  169. Improved business driveway delineation in urban work zones. · 2015 · Theiss, LuAnn et al. · archived
  170. Missouri Highway Safety Manual Recalibration [2018-01] · 2018 · Sun, Carlos et al. · archived
  171. Reducing work zone crashes by using vehicle’s flashers as a warning sign : final report · 2009 · Bai, Yong et al. · archived
  172. A Study on the Impact of Ambient Light on Driver Fatigue Based on Eye-Tracking Data ↗ · 2025 · Xu, ChangLong et al. · indexed
  173. Improving Night Work Zone Traffic Control · 1999 · Cottrell, Benjamin H., Jr. · archived
  174. UNECE transport review : first edition--November 2008. · 2008 · NHTSA · archived
  175. Orange Contrasted Temporary Pavement Delineation in Construction Zones · 2025 · Linke, Barbara et al. · archived
  176. Evaluation of blue confirmation lights at signalized intersections in Overland Park, Kansas, to reduce red light running violations. · 2015 · Lindheimer, Tomás E. et al. · archived
  177. Evaluating the relationship between the driver and roadway to address rural intersection safety using the SHRP 2 naturalistic driving study data. · 2016 · Oneyear, Nicole et al. · archived
  178. Effectiveness of Rumble Stripes on Roadway Safety in Mississippi · 2009 · Sulbaran, Tulio et al. · archived
  179. Safety evaluation of advance street name signs · 2009 · NHTSA · archived
  180. Assessment of Safety Benefits of Technologies to Reduce Pedestrian Crossing Fatalities at Midblock Locations · 2020 · Ogle, Jennifer H et al. · archived
  181. Applying the sign luminance computation model to study the effects of other vehicles on sign luminance · 2014 · Ye, Fan et al. · archived
  182. A Global Perspective for Sustainable Highway Tunnel Lighting Regulations: Greater Road Safety with a Lower Environmental Impact · 2018 · Peña-García, Antonio et al. · archived
  183. Hazard Detection Prediction Model for Rural Roads Based on Hazard and Environment Properties · 2018 · Asadamraji, Morteza et al. · archived
  184. Pedestrian Fatalities on Urban Arterial Roads at Night: An In-Depth Crash Analysis and Three Case Studies · 2025 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  185. Driver behaviour in response to actively illuminated road studs: a simulator study ↗ · 2006 · Reed, Nick · indexed
  186. Public Roads: A Journal of Highway Research and Development, Vol. 41 No. 1 · 1977 · Linden, Paul J. et al. · archived
  187. Improving Work Zone Safety for Freight Vehicles: Effective Design Patterns for Vehicle Mounted Attenuators · 2010 · Bham, Ghulam H. et al. · archived
  188. Safety Impacts of Using Wider Pavement Markings on Two-Lane Rural Highways in Idaho · 2018 · Abdel-Rahim, Ahmed et al. · archived
  189. Stop-Controlled Intersection Safety: Through Route Activated Warning Systems · 2011 · Bryer, Tom · archived
  190. Effects of penetration rates on the application of in-vehicle traffic lights at unsignalized intersections ↗ · 2022 · Yang, Bo et al. · indexed
  191. Public Roads: A Journal of Highway Research and Development, Vol. 43 No. 3 · 1979 · MacGowan, John et al. · archived
  192. Considering Conspicuity for North Carolina Department of Transportation Light Trucks Final Report · 2022 · Sylcott, Brian · archived
  193. Illuminance Reconstruction of Road Lighting in Urban Areas for Efficient and Healthy Lighting Performance Evaluation ↗ · 2018 · Yao, Qi et al. · indexed
  194. The Effect of Differences in Day and Night Lighting Distributions on Drivers' Speed Perception ↗ · 2016 · Kim, Jonathan et al. · indexed
  195. Examining Optimal Sight Distances at Rural Intersections · 2019 · Morris, Nichole L. et al. · archived
  196. A driving simulator study : evaluation of vehicle mounted attenuator markings in work zones during different times of the day. · 2010 · Bham, Ghulam H. et al. · archived
  197. Evaluating the use of red light running photographic enforcement using collisions and red light running violations ; Final Report · 2004 · Hummer, Joseph S. et al. · archived
  198. Safety and Environmental Design Consideration in the Use of Commercial Electronic Variable-Message Signage · 1980 · Wachtel, Jerry et al. · archived
  199. Traffic control at stop sign approaches. · 2003 · Agent, Kenneth R. · archived
  200. Evaluation of the Corridor Safety Improvement Program : phase 1 final report. · 1997 · Hunter-Zaworski, Katharine M. et al. · archived
  201. Visibility of Road Markings as a Function of Age, Retroreflectivity Under Low-Beam and High-Beam Illumination at Night ↗ · 1999 · Zwahlen, Helmut T. et al. · indexed
  202. Exploring Traffic Crash Dynamics at Unsignalized Intersections: Insights from Dhaka Metropolitan Area · 2025 · Morshed, Md. Rashel et al. · archived
  203. Crashes and Injuries on Rural Roads in Alaska – Toward a Better Understanding of Rural Safety Issues Through Linked Data and Environmental Factors Task B: Environmental and Geometric Safety Factors of Rural Crashes · 2025 · Vasudevan, Vinod · archived
  204. Operational Effects of Wide Edge Lines Applied to Horizontal Curves on Two-Lane Rural Highways · 2006 · Donnell, Eric T. et al. · archived
  205. Intersection Conflict Warning System Human Factors: Final Report · 2016 · Inman, Vaughan W. et al. · archived
  206. (final report). · 2010 · Lu, Jian John et al. · archived
  207. Determination of Traffic Control Device Selection for Nighttime Maintenance of Traffic · 2010 · McAvoy, Deborah S. et al. · archived
  208. Pavement Markings and Delineation for Older Drives. Volume I: Final Report · 1996 · Pietrucha, Martin T. et al. · archived
  209. Safety Aspects of Using Vehicle Hazard Warning Lights: Volume 2. Final Report · 1980 · Knoblauch, Richard L. et al. · archived
  210. Public Roads Vol. 70 No. 4 · 2007 · Alexiadis, Vassili et al. · archived
  211. Design Consistency on Corridors · 2022 · Cunningham, Christopher M. et al. · archived
  212. Investigating Improvements to Pedestrian Crossings With An Emphasis on The Rectangular Rapid-Flashing Beacon [Tech Brief] · 2015 · NHTSA · archived
  213. Road traffic crashes at night-time: characteristics and risk factors ↗ · 2020 · Ackaah, Williams et al. · indexed
  214. Field Implementation and Evaluation of Low-Cost Countermeasures for Wrong-Way Driving Crashes in Alabama · 2020 · Zhou, Huaguo et al. · archived
  215. Integrating Speed Management within Roadway Departure, Intersections, and Pedestrian and Bicyclist Safety Focus Areas · 2016 · Neuner, Michelle et al. · archived
  216. Field evaluation of unlighted overhead guide signs using older drivers : final report, August 2003. · 2003 · Zwahlen, Helmut T. et al. · archived
  217. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Stop Lines in Increasing the Safety of Stop-Controlled Intersections · 2020 · Duhn, Melissa et al. · archived
  218. Fast Lane - Exploring Human Behavior - Volume 21 · 2025 · NHTSA · archived
  219. Self-Enforcing Roadways : A Guidance Report · 2018 · Donnell, Eric T. et al. · archived
  220. Public Roads: A Journal of Highway Research and Development, Vol. 40 No. 2 · 1976 · Mast, Truman M. et al. · archived
  221. Analysis of Nighttime Driver Behavior and Pavement Marking Effects Using Fuzzy Inference System ↗ · 2007 · Lee, Dongmin et al. · indexed
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