vru conspicuity

Making vulnerable road users visible to drivers: detectability of pedestrians and cyclists through retroreflective and fluorescent clothing, biomotion markings, bike lights, and the distance at which a driver first sees a person on or near the road. The object being made visible is a person walking or cycling, NOT a vehicle (vehicle_conspicuity) and NOT emergency responders or work crews (emergency_work_zone_conspicuity).

200 paper(s) · ranked by relevance to this topic

1. Cyclist conspicuity: A review of the literature and the role of clothing color · 2012 · Wood, Joanne et al. · archived
2. Improving the conspicuity and safety of pedestrians and cyclists on night-time roads ↗ · 2023 · Wood, Joanne M. · indexed
3. PW 0803 Night time visibility of crossing pedestrians ↗ · 2018 · Wickramasinghe, Vasantha et al. · indexed
4. The effect of rear bicycle light configurations on drivers' perception of cyclists' presence and proximity · 2024 · Bishop, Daniel T. et al. · archived
5. Can Highlighting a Pedestrian’s Biological Motion at Night Mitigate the Negative Effect of Driver Distraction? ↗ · 2019 · Szubski, Ellen et al. · indexed
6. Attention and search conspicuity of motorcycles as a function of their visual context ↗ · 2012 · Gershon, Pnina et al. · indexed
7. Some factors affecting motorcyclists' conspicuity ↗ · 1996 · Hole, G et al. · indexed
8. Reflective Tape Applied to Bicycle Frame and Conspicuity Enhancement at Night ↗ · 2016 · Costa, Marco et al. · indexed
9. Factors Affecting Drivers' Ability to Detect Motorcycles during Daylight in a Simulated Environment ↗ · 2015 · Shaheed, Mohammad Saad et al. · indexed
10. Testing of bicycle lighting: Method development and evaluation · 2021 · Kircher, Katja et al. · archived
11. High visibility safety apparel and nighttime conspicuity of pedestrians in work zones ↗ · 2004 · Sayer, James R. et al. · indexed
12. Increasing Motorcycle Conspicuity ↗ · 2017 · Rößger, Lars et al. · indexed
13. Increasing motorcycles attention and search conspicuity by using Alternating-Blinking Lights System (ABLS) ↗ · 2013 · Gershon, Pnina et al. · indexed
14. Drivers' judgments of the effect of headlight glare on their ability to see pedestrians at night ↗ · 2015 · Borzendowski, Stephanie A. Whetsel et al. · indexed
15. Influence of Contrasting Colors on the Drivers’ Ability to Detect E-Scooter Riders ↗ · 2025 · Komova, Galina et al. · indexed
16. Mechanisms underlying cognitive conspicuity in the detection of cyclists by car drivers ↗ · 2017 · Rogé, Joceline et al. · indexed
17. The Effect of Improvements in Motorcycle/Motorcyclist Conspicuity on Driver Behavior ↗ · 1981 · Olson, Paul L. et al. · indexed
18. Pedestrians' estimates of their own nighttime conspicuity are unaffected by severe reductions in headlight illumination ↗ · 2013 · Borzendowski, Stephanie A. Whetsel et al. · indexed
19. Is drivers’ interaction with pedestrians affected by cognitive load and LED bands? A driving simulator study investigating performance across two age groups during different lighting conditions ↗ · 2025 · Ozturk, Ibrahim et al. · indexed
20. Driver Preview Distances at Night Based on Driver Eye Scanning Recordings as a Function of Pavement Marking Retroreflectivities ↗ · 1999 · Schnell, Thomas et al. · indexed
21. Video analysis of bicyclist and pedestrian movement on shared-use paths under daylight and electric lighting conditions—Method exploration · 2024 · Yastremska-Kravchenko, Oksana et al. · archived
22. Analysis of the Dismounted Motorist and Road-Worker Model Pedestrian Safety Regulations · 1982 · Ulmer, Robert G. et al. · archived
23. Visibility of Road Markings as a Function of Age, Retroreflectivity Under Low-Beam and High-Beam Illumination at Night ↗ · 1999 · Zwahlen, Helmut T. et al. · indexed
24. Evaluating Countermeasures to Improve Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety · 2018 · Noyce, David A. et al. · archived
25. Evaluation of the Impact of Spectral Power Distribution on Driver Performance · 2015 · Gibbons, Ronald B. et al. · archived
26. Quantifying the Pedestrian Detection Benefits of the General Motors Night Vision System ↗ · 2005 · Hankey, Jonathan M. et al. · indexed
27. Enhanced Night Visibility Series, Volume XVI : Phase III, Characterization of Experimental Objects · 2005 · Gibbons, Ronald B. et al. · archived
28. Improving the visibility of bicycle infrastructure ↗ · 2012 · Fabriek, Eva et al. · indexed
29. Investigation of flashing and intensity characteristics for vehicle-mounted warning beacons · 2018 · Kersavage, Kristin et al. · archived
30. Impacts of LED Brightness, Flash Pattern, and Location for Illuminated Pedestrian Traffic Control Device · 2015 · Fitzpatrick, Kay et al. · archived
31. Investigating Improvements to Pedestrian Crossings With An Emphasis on The Rectangular Rapid-Flashing Beacon [Tech Brief] · 2015 · NHTSA · archived
32. Size Isn't Everything: The Effects of Size and Brightness of Retroreflective Materials on Nighttime Conspicuity ↗ · 2005 · Cassidy, Paul E. et al. · indexed
33. Human Factors Literature Reviews on Intersections, Speed Management, Pedestrians and Bicyclists, and Visibility · 2006 · Kludt, K. et al. · archived
34. Do cyclists make better drivers? Associations between cycling experience and change detection in road scenes · 2017 · Beanland, Vanessa et al. · archived
35. Improvement of conspicuity of trailblazing signs, Phase III : evaluation of fluorescent colors. · 2001 · Neale, Vicki L · archived
36. Seeing through eyes of Drivers: Space consideration in investigating visibility of Vulnerable road users involved in crashes ↗ · 2023 · Kutela, Boniphace et al. · indexed
37. Effects of Exterior Lighting System of Parked Vehicles on the Behaviors of Cyclists ↗ · 2021 · Yang, Bo et al. · indexed
38. Drivers’ Visual Search Behavior Toward Vulnerable Road Users at Junctions as a Function of Cycling Experience ↗ · 2018 · Robbins, Chloe Jade et al. · indexed
39. Evaluation of Pedestrian Hybrid Beacons and Rapid Flashing Beacons · 2016 · Fitzpatrick, Kay et al. · archived
40. Investigating Improvements to Pedestrian Crossings with an Emphasis on the Rectangular Rapid-Flashing Beacon · 2015 · Fitzpatrick, Kay et al. · archived
41. Evaluation of Pedestrian and Bicycle Engineering Countermeasures: Rectangular Rapid-Flashing Beacons, HAWKs, Sharrows, Crosswalk Markings, and the Development of an Evaluation Methods Report · 2011 · Fitzpatrick, Kay et al. · archived
42. Evaluation of retroreflective markings to increase rail car conspicuity · 1998 · Ford, Robert E et al. · archived
43. Developing and testing a LED system to improve pedestrian safety in Nevada · 2018 · Teng, Hualiang (Harry) et al. · archived
44. Impacts of Coordinating the Colors of Flashing Warning Lights and Vehicle Markings on Driver Perception ↗ · 2023 · Bullough, John D. et al. · indexed
45. Visibility and Conspicuity of Detectable Warnings for Pedestrians with Visual Impairments ↗ · 2008 · Jenness, James W. et al. · indexed
46. Review of Studies on Pedestrian and Bicyclist Safety, 1991–2007 · 2012 · Karsch, H. M. et al. · archived
47. Effects of Age and Illumination on Night Driving: A Road Test ↗ · 2007 · Owens, D. Alfred et al. · indexed
48. Integrating appearance and edge features for on-road bicycle and motorcycle detection in the nighttime ↗ · 2014 · Chen, Han-Hsuan et al. · indexed
49. Understanding cyclists’ perception of driverless vehicles through eye-tracking and interviews ↗ · 2024 · Berge, Siri Hegna et al. · indexed
50. A naturalistic study assessing the impact of daytime running lights and vehicle passing events on cyclist’s physiological stress ↗ · 2022 · Venkatachalapathy, Archana et al. · indexed
51. Informational Report on Lighting Design for Midblock Crosswalks · 2008 · Gibbons, Ronald B. et al. · archived
52. Considering Conspicuity for North Carolina Department of Transportation Light Trucks Final Report · 2022 · Sylcott, Brian · archived
53. Pedestrians’ perception and response towards vehicles during road-crossing at nighttime ↗ · 2018 · Balasubramanian, Venkatesh et al. · indexed
54. Perception of Approaching Motorcycles by Distracted Drivers May Depend on Auxiliary Lighting Treatments: A Field Experiment ↗ · 2011 · Jenness, James et al. · indexed
55. Recognition of rail car retroreflective patterns for improving nighttime conspicuity · 2001 · Multer, Jordan · archived
56. Understanding and Using New Pedestrian and Bicycle Facilities · 2022 · Jackson, Steve et al. · archived
57. Study to Understand the Influence of Emergency Vehicle Color, Reflectance, Signing/Arrow Boards, and Lighting Configurations in Reducing Responder Involved Crashes · 2025 · Agarwal, Nithin et al. · archived
58. Safety of vulnerable road users · 1998 · NHTSA · archived
59. Pedestrian and Bicyclist Safety – Literature Review · 2025 · Brookshire, Kristen et al. · archived
60. Modeling vehicle-cyclists' interactions to support automated driving and advanced driving assistance systems ↗ · 2026 · Mohammadi, Ali et al. · indexed
61. Distracting or informative? Examining signage for cyclists using eye-tracking · 2022 · Aasvik, Ole et al. · archived
62. New Approach to Intelligent Pedestrian Detection and Signaling on Crosswalks · 2024 · Sanguino, Tomás de J. Mateo et al. · archived
63. Aging road user, bicyclist, and pedestrian safety : effective bicycling signs and preventing left-turn crashes. · 2013 · Boot, Walter et al. · archived
64. Roadside Assistance Vehicle Lighting: Review of Scientific Research and State Regulations · 2025 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
65. Influence of truck driver eye position on effectiveness of retroreflective traffic signs ↗ · 1993 · Sivak, M. et al. · indexed
66. Eye Contact between Pedestrians and Drivers ↗ · 2019 · AlAdawy, Dina et al. · indexed
67. Legibility Distances of Fluorescent Traffic Signs and Their Normal Color Counterparts ↗ · 2001 · Schnell, Thomas et al. · indexed
68. Influence of Vertical Illuminance on Pedestrian Visibility in Crosswalks ↗ · 2006 · Gibbons, Ronald B. et al. · indexed
69. Response of Vulnerable Road Users to Visual Information from Autonomous Vehicles in Shared Spaces · 2019 · Alvarez, Walter Morales et al. · archived
70. Interaction between car drivers and vulnerable road users at roundabouts · 2016 · Vignali, Valeria et al. · archived
71. Blinded windows and empty driver seats: The effects of automated vehicle characteristics on cyclists’ decision‐making ↗ · 2022 · Bazilinskyy, Pavlo et al. · indexed
72. Enhancing AV Traffic Safety through Pedestrian Detection, Classification and Communication · 2022 · Chase, R. Thomas et al. · archived
73. Exploring Bicyclists’ Visual Attention during Conflicts with Truck Traffic ↗ · 2022 · Abadi, Masoud Ghodrat et al. · indexed
74. Fixed Illumination for Pedestrian Protection: Final Report · 1975 · Freedman, Mark et al. · archived
75. Support systems for cyclists in automated traffic: A review and future outlook ↗ · 2023 · Berge, Siri Hegna et al. · indexed
76. Light-Based External Human Machine Interface: Color Evaluation for Self-Driving Vehicle and Pedestrian Interaction · 2019 · Faas, Stefanie M. et al. · archived
77. The influence of photoluminescent road markings on driver’s stationary gaze entropy: a driving simulation study ↗ · 2025 · Di Stasi, Leandro L. et al. · indexed
78. Drivers passing cyclists: How does sight distance affect safety? Results from a naturalistic study ↗ · 2023 · Rasch, Alexander et al. · indexed
79. Naturalistic Bicycling Behavior Pilot Study. · 2017 · Lin, Pei-Sung et al. · archived
80. Wet Night Visibility of Pavement Markings · 2007 · Gibbons, Ronald B. et al. · archived
81. Towards a Cooperative Driver-Vehicle Interface: Enhancing Drivers' Perception of Cyclists through Augmented Reality ↗ · 2020 · Pichen, Jürgen et al. · indexed
82. Evaluating New Technologies to Enhance Night Vision by Looking at Detection and Recognition Distances of Non-Motorists and Objects ↗ · 2001 · Blanco, Myra et al. · indexed
83. Neuromorphic visual information processing for vulnerable road user detection and driver monitoring ↗ · 2015 · Han, W. S. et al. · indexed
84. Hey, watch where you’re going! An on-road study of driver scanning failures towards pedestrians and cyclists ↗ · 2021 · Kaya, Nazli et al. · indexed
85. Keep it Real: Investigating Driver-Cyclist Interaction in Real-World Traffic ↗ · 2023 · Al-Taie, Ammar et al. · indexed
86. Effects of a light-based communication approach as an external HMI for Automated Vehicles - a Wizard-of-Oz Study ↗ · 2020 · Hensch, Ann-Christin et al. · indexed
87. Augmented Reality for Safer Pedestrian-Vehicle Interactions · 2018 · Noyce, David A. et al. · archived
88. Pedestrians’ perceptions of automated vehicle movements and light-based eHMIs in real world conditions: A test track study ↗ · 2023 · Carlowitz, Stefanie et al. · indexed
89. Pavement Marking Retroreflectivity Requirements for Older Drivers ↗ · 1996 · Graham, Johnny et al. · indexed
90. Long lighting system for enhanced conspicuity of motorcycles ↗ · 2007 · Tsutsumi, Yojiro et al. · indexed
91. Rainvision: The Impact of Road Markings on Driver Behaviour – Wet Night Visibility ↗ · 2016 · Diamandouros, Konstandinos et al. · indexed
92. Pedestrians’ perceptions of automated vehicle movements and light-based eHMIs in real world conditions: A test track study ↗ · 2021 · Carlowitz, Stefanie et al. · indexed
93. Nighttime Visibility of Prototype Work Zone Markings under Dry, Wet-Recovery, and Rain Conditions ↗ · 2009 · Higgins, Laura et al. · indexed
94. An Evaluation of High-Visibility Crosswalk Treatment - Clearwater, Florida · 2001 · Nitzburg, Marsha et al. · archived
95. Driving behavior at midblock crosswalks with Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacons: Hidden Markov model approach using naturalistic data ↗ · 2022 · Guo, Huizhong et al. · indexed
96. Advance yield markings and drivers’ performance in response to multiple-threat scenarios at mid-block crosswalks ↗ · 2010 · Fisher, Donald et al. · indexed
97. Inattentional blindness: Driver compliance rates at pedestrian crosswalks ↗ · 2010 · Olson, K. · indexed
98. Refinement of Drivers' Visibility Needs during Wet Night Conditions ↗ · 2012 · Gibbons, Ronald B. et al. · indexed
99. Using latent class clustering and binary logistic regression to model Australian cyclist injury severity in motor vehicle–bicycle crashes ↗ · 2021 · Samerei, Seyed Alireza et al. · indexed
100. Human Factors Study on the Use of Colors for Express Lane Delineators · 2019 · Abou-Senna, Hatem et al. · archived
101. Exploration of Factors Impacting the Successful Adoption of External Vehicle Interfaces · 2019 · Reimer, Bryan · archived
102. Pedestrian Detection with near and far Infrared Night Vision Enhancement ↗ · 2007 · Tsimhoni, Omer et al. · indexed
103. Comparison of Driver Yielding for Three Rapid-flashing Patterns Used with Pedestrian Crossing Signs · 2015 · Fitzpatrick, Kay et al. · archived
104. Minimum Retroreflectivity Requirements for Traffic Signs · 1993 · Paniati, Jeffery F. et al. · archived
105. Quantitative study of vehicle-pedestrian interactions: Towards pedestrian-adapted lighting communication functions for autonomous vehicles · 2021 · Zang, Guoqin et al. · archived
106. Evaluation of Intelligent School Zone Beacon and Vehicle-Cyclist Detection and Warning System · 2020 · Jain, Eakta et al. · archived
107. A Course in Bicycle Driver Education · 1981 · Farrell, Mary Lou · archived
108. Pedestrians' motion Through the Eyes of Road Users ↗ · 2024 · Bossard, Martin et al. · indexed
109. Effect of Ambient Light on the Number of Motorized Vehicles, Cyclists, and Pedestrians ↗ · 2022 · Fotios, Steve et al. · indexed
110. An Evaluation of Retro-Reflective Screens to Aid Conspicuity of Freight Trains at Passive-Control Level Crossings · 2021 · Thompson, James et al. · archived
111. Determining the correlation between daytime and night-time road markings visibility · 2016 · Babić, Dario et al. · archived
112. Assessment of Safety Benefits of Technologies to Reduce Pedestrian Crossing Fatalities at Midblock Locations · 2020 · Ogle, Jennifer H et al. · archived
113. Driver Responses to Cyclists Crossing from Near and Far Side in Driving Simulator Experiments · 2022 · Zhao, Yuqing et al. · archived
114. The Impact of Crosswalk Design on Driver Performance: Implications for Pedestrian Safety ↗ · 2019 · Guo, Huizhong et al. · indexed
115. Understanding the interaction between cyclists and motorized vehicles at unsignalized intersections: Results from a naturalistic cycling study · 2024 · Mohammadi, Ali et al. · archived
116. Drivers' performance assessment approaching pedestrian crossings through the analysis of the speed and perceptive data · 2024 · Meocci, Monica et al. · archived
117. Connected vehicle applications for adaptive overhead lighting (on-demand lighting) : final research report. · 2016 · Gibbons, Ronald B et al. · archived
118. Eyes on the road: A bicycle simulator study of cyclists’ gaze behavior while sharing the road with autonomous vehicles across infrastructure types ↗ · 2026 · Ágoston, Sándor P. et al. · indexed
119. The Effect of Expectancy on Visibility in Night Driving ↗ · 1996 · Mortimer, Rudolf G. · indexed
120. Summarizing vehicle driving decision-making methods on vulnerable road user collision avoidance · 2023 · Yuan, Quan et al. · archived
121. Automated Pedestrian Detection, Count and Analysis System · 2015 · Muthukumar, Venki et al. · archived
122. Augmented Information in the Driving Environment: Increasing Pedestrian Safety with Augmented Reality Indicators for Older Adult Drivers in Maine · 2025 · Brown, Justin R. et al. · archived
123. A field evaluation of an in-ground lighting intervention for safety at a road crossing ↗ · 2024 · Hallewell, Madeline et al. · indexed
124. A Nationwide Review of Pedestrian and Bicyclist Safety Education in Driver Education · 2024 · Calderón, Robert et al. · archived
125. A Robust Pedestrian and Cyclist Detection Method Using Thermal Images ↗ · 2021 · Annapareddy, Navya et al. · indexed
126. What Affects the E-Bicycle Speed Perception in the Era of Eco-Sustainable Mobility: A Driving Simulator Study ↗ · 2021 · Simović, Sreten et al. · indexed
127. Survival Model of Drivers’ Speed Reduction Time at Bicycle Crossroads: A Driving Simulator Study ↗ · 2018 · Bella, Francesco et al. · indexed
128. Pedestrians’ perceptions, fixations, and decisions towards automated vehicles with varied appearances ↗ · 2024 · Lyu, Wei et al. · indexed
129. Design, Implementation and Experimental Investigation of a Pedestrian Street Crossing Assistance System Based on Visible Light Communications ↗ · 2022 · Căilean, Alin-Mihai et al. · indexed
130. Drivers’ detection of roadside targets when driving vehicles with three headlight systems during high beam activation ↗ · 2017 · Reagan, Ian J. et al. · indexed
131. OBSTACLE VISIBILITY IN RURAL NIGHT DRIVING AS RELATED TO REFLECTIVE QUALITIES OF THE ROAD SURFACE ↗ · 1973 · Elmers, G et al. · indexed
132. Attention and expectation problems in bicycle–car collisions: an in-depth study ↗ · 1998 · Räsänen, Mikko et al. · indexed
133. The Design and Assessment of Attention-Getting Rear Brake Light Signals ↗ · 2009 · Neurauter, M Lucas et al. · indexed
134. REDUCING CONFLICTS BETWEEN MOTOR VEHICLES AND PEDESTRIANS: THE SEPARATE AND COMBINED EFFECTS OF PAVEMENT MARKINGS AND A SIGN PROMPT · 2004 · Huybers, Sherry et al. · archived
135. Driver Visibility and Pedestrian Detection Distance in Nighttime Traffic Accident Reconstruction ↗ · 2026 · Savova-Mratsenkova, Milena et al. · indexed
136. Wet Night Visibility of Pavement Markings ↗ · 2005 · Gibbons, Ronald B. et al. · indexed
137. Traffic Signs and Real-World Driver Interaction ↗ · 2024 · Schnell, Thomas et al. · indexed
138. Development and evaluation of infrastructure strategies for safer cycling. · 2017 · Christofa, Eleni et al. · archived
139. Understanding External Factors and Workload's Impact on Cyclist Safety · 2024 · Losada-Rojas, Lisa Lorena et al. · archived
140. Effect of Pavement Marking Retroreflectivity on the Performance of Vision-Based Lane Departure Warning Systems ↗ · 2011 · Hadi, Mohammed et al. · indexed
141. Issues in motorcycle sensory and cognitive conspicuity: The impact of motorcycle low-beam headlights and riding experience on drivers’ decisions to turn across the path of a motorcycle ↗ · 2012 · Mitsopoulos-Rubens, Eve et al. · indexed
142. Bicycle accidents and drivers' visual search at left and right turns ↗ · 1996 · Summala, Heikki et al. · indexed
143. Countermeasures That Work – Pedestrians [Traffic Tech] · 2021 · NHTSA · archived
144. Effects of Crosswalk Illuminators and Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacons on Speed Reductions and Yielding to Pedestrians at Night ↗ · 2025 · Hu, Wen et al. · indexed
145. Updates to Research on Recommended Minimum Levels for Pavement Marking Retroreflectivity to Meet Driver Night Visibility Needs ↗ · 2007 · Debaillon, Chris et al. · indexed
146. Advancing Pedestrian and Bicyclist Safety: A Primer for Highway Safety Professionals · 2016 · Brookshire, Kristen et al. · archived
147. Evaluation of retroreflective material on stop sign posts in Virginia. · 2009 · Cottrell, Benjamin H et al. · archived
148. Influence of Bicycle Rolling Stop Laws on Driver’s Visual Attention When Interacting with Bicycles at Stop Controlled Intersections ↗ · 2026 · Calderon, Emilio Ronaldo G. et al. · indexed
149. How should external human-machine interfaces behave? Examining the effects of colour, position, message, activation distance, vehicle yielding, and visual distraction among 1,434 participants ↗ · 2021 · Bazilinskyy, P. et al. · indexed
150. Development of Looking Away Detection System for Bicycle Rider to Prevent Accidents 自転車事故防止のためのよそ見検知システムの開発 ↗ · 2025 · MITANI, Naoki et al. · indexed
151. Use of reflective armbands to improve adolescent pedestrian and pedalcyclist safety. · 2007 · Dunaway, Nancy et al. · archived
152. Model Regulations and Public Education for Rural-Suburban Pedestrian Safety · 1980 · Hale, A. (Allen), 1938- et al. · archived
153. Can a unique appearance of e-bikes, coupled with information on their characteristics, influence drivers’ gap acceptance? ↗ · 2019 · Schleinitz, Katja et al. · indexed
154. Assessing the Perceived Safety of Cyclists with Virtual Reality · 2025 · Balali, Vahid · archived
155. Identification and Development of Countermeasures for Bicyclist/Motor-Vehicle Problem Types. Volume 3, Model Regulations · 1982 · Blomberg, Richard D. et al. · archived
156. Visual Eye Gaze While Cycling: Analyzing Eye Tracking at Signalized Intersections in Urban Conditions ↗ · 2019 · Rupi, Federico et al. · indexed
157. Detectability of pedestrian crossing road markings: comparison of optical and thermal cameras ↗ · 2025 · Pashkevich, Anton et al. · indexed
158. Anticipatory information makes the difference: Behavioral effects and user assessments of a cyclist warning system to enhance cyclists’ situation awareness ↗ · 2023 · Springer-Teumer, Sabine et al. · indexed
159. Understanding Cyclists’ Visual Behavior Using Eye-Tracking Technology: A Systematic Review ↗ · 2024 · Kchour, Fatima et al. · indexed
160. Bicyclist detection in large scale naturalistic driving video ↗ · 2014 · Yang, Kai et al. · indexed
161. How visually impaired cyclists ride regular and pedal electric bicycles ↗ · 2020 · Jelijs, Bart et al. · indexed
162. Detecting walking pedestrians from leg motion in driving video ↗ · 2014 · Kilicarslan, M. et al. · indexed
163. Far infrared pedestrian detection and tracking for night driving ↗ · 2010 · Olmeda, Daniel et al. · indexed
164. Compensatory behaviour of visually impaired cyclists in everyday settings ↗ · 2022 · Jelijs, Bart et al. · indexed
165. Development of test scenarios and bicyclist surrogate for the evaluation of bicyclist automatic emergency braking systems ↗ · 2018 · Yi, Qiang et al. · indexed
166. Cycling difficulties of visually impaired people ↗ · 2019 · Jelijs, Bart et al. · indexed
167. Detection and tracking of pedestrians in infrared images ↗ · 2009 · Olmeda, Daniel et al. · indexed
168. Motivational and deterrent effects of route attributes in cyclists’ route choice ↗ · 2023 · Berghoefer, Frauke Luise et al. · indexed
169. On visual crosswalk detection for driver assistance systems ↗ · 2010 · Haselhoff, Anselm et al. · indexed
170. Key factors for the bicycle use of visually impaired people: a Delphi study ↗ · 2018 · Jelijs, Bart et al. · indexed
171. VRU-YOLO: A Small Object Detection Algorithm for Vulnerable Road Users in Complex Scenes ↗ · 2025 · Liu, Yunxiang et al. · indexed
172. Part-Based Pedestrian Detection and Feature-Based Tracking for Driver Assistance: Real-Time, Robust Algorithms, and Evaluation ↗ · 2013 · Prioletti, Antonio et al. · indexed
173. Part based pedestrian detection based on Logic inference · 2013 · Olmeda, Daniel et al. · archived
174. Research on YOLOv5s Highway Pedestrian Detection Algorithm Integrating Attention Mechanism ↗ · 2022 · Xue, Zhang et al. · indexed
175. Detection of pedestrian and different types of vehicles using image processing ↗ · 2020 · Herunde, H. et al. · indexed
176. Zebra Crosswalk Detection Assisted By Neural Networks ↗ · 2017 · Banich, Jason David · indexed
177. Kalman Tracking in Driver Assistance Systems - Collision Warning for Vulnerable Road Users ↗ · 2021 · Husges, Simon et al. · indexed
178. Discrete features for rapid pedestrian detection in infrared images · 2012 · Olmeda, Daniel et al. · archived
179. Assisting Visually Impaired People Using Deep Learning-based Anomaly Detection in Pedestrian Walkways for Intelligent Transportation Systems on Remote Sensing Images ↗ · 2023 · Alsolai, Hadeel et al. · indexed
180. PRDTinyML: deep learning-based TinyML-based pedestrian detection model in autonomous vehicles for smart cities ↗ · 2025 · Alajlan, Norah N. et al. · indexed
181. YOLOv5-AC: Attention Mechanism-Based Lightweight YOLOv5 for Track Pedestrian Detection ↗ · 2022 · Lv, Haohui et al. · indexed
182. Occluded Pedestrian Attention Network : An occluded pedestrian Detector ↗ · 2021 · Li, Menglu et al. · indexed
183. Evaluation of 3D Vulnerable Objects’ Detection Using a Multi-Sensors System for Autonomous Vehicles ↗ · 2022 · Khatab, Esraa et al. · indexed
184. Pre collision detection system for pedestrian safety based on HOL ↗ · 2015 · Azdoud, Youssef et al. · indexed
185. Pedestrian detection by fusing 3D points and color images ↗ · 2016 · Lin, Ben-Zhong et al. · indexed
186. Active and Public Transportation Connectivity between North Temple TOD and Jordan Park River Trail · 2017 · Zambrana, Ivis Garcia · archived
187. Exploiting 3D geometric primitives for multicamera pedestrian detection ↗ · 2015 · Mehmood, Muhammad Owais et al. · indexed
188. An Improved Method for Detection of the Pedestrian Flow Based on RFID ↗ · 2017 · Fan, Yuanyuan et al. · indexed
189. The effect of cycling shoes and the shoe-pedal interface on maximal mechanical power output in bicycling ↗ · 2019 · Burns, Andrew Christopher et al. · indexed
190. A Small-Object-Detection Algorithm Based on LiDAR Point-Cloud Clustering for Autonomous Vehicles ↗ · 2024 · Duan, Zhibing et al. · indexed
191. Aggregation Pedestrian Detection Model Based on Improved YOLOv8 ↗ · 2025 · HUANG Kun, QI Zhaojian, WANG Juanmin, HU Qian, HU Weichao, PI Jianyong · indexed
192. Relationships between acute race-induced changes in creatine kinase activity and blood plasma myoglobin concentration and race performance in mountain bike and road cyclists ↗ · 2021 · Hebisz, Paulina et al. · indexed
193. Synchronous End-to-End Vehicle Pedestrian Detection Algorithm Based on Improved YOLOv8 in Complex Scenarios ↗ · 2024 · Lei, Shi et al. · indexed
194. Dense Pedestrian Detection Based on GR-YOLO ↗ · 2024 · Li, Nianfeng et al. · indexed
195. Research on 3D simulation design and dynamic virtual display of clothing flexible body ↗ · 2024 · Xiangfang, Ren et al. · indexed
196. LBP Channels for Pedestrian Detection ↗ · 2018 · Trichet, Remi et al. · indexed
197. Evaluation of Heat Stress Mitigation Effects of UV Parasols through UTCI Observations and Thermal Sensory Questionnaire Survey ↗ · 2025 · Nakamura, Yusuke et al. · indexed
198. Body fluid status, plasma volume change and its relationship to physical effort during a multistage professional road cycling race ↗ · 2018 · Giorgi, Andrea et al. · indexed
199. Enhancing Pedestrian Tracking in Autonomous Vehicles by Using Advanced Deep Learning Techniques ↗ · 2024 · Sukkar, Majdi et al. · indexed
200. Application of Protein-Protein Interaction Network Analysis in Order to Identify Cervical Cancer miRNA and mRNA Biomarkers ↗ · 2023 · Tabrizi-Nezhadi, Parinaz et al. · indexed