DrivingResearch.

disability glare

Disability glare that physically degrades vision: scattered light forming a veiling luminance that reduces retinal contrast and measurably impairs detection, acuity, and seeing distance regardless of whether the driver feels bothered. Defined by measured loss of visual performance (contrast thresholds, target detection), distinct from glare that is merely annoying without reducing acuity (discomfort_glare).

Relevant standards

  • ADR 13/00 — Australian Design Rule 13/00 – Installation of Lighting and Light Signalling Devices on other than L-Group Vehicles
  • ADR 19/02 — Australian Design Rule 19/02 – Installation of Lighting and Light Signalling Devices on L-Group Vehicles
  • ADR 46/00 — Australian Design Rule 46/00 – Headlamps
  • ADR 76/00 — Australian Design Rule 76/00 – Daytime Running Lamps
  • CIE 100-1992 — Fundamentals of the Visual Task of Night Driving
  • CIE 146:2002 — CIE equations for disability glare
  • CIE 183:2008 — Definition of the Cut-off of Vehicle Headlights
  • CIE 188:2010 — Performance assessment method for vehicle headlighting systems
  • CMVSS 108 — Lighting Systems and Reflective Devices
  • IIHS Headlight Test and Rating Protocol — Headlight Test and Rating Protocol (Version III)

76 paper(s) · ranked by relevance to this topic

  1. The Relation between and Driving Behavior Discomfort Glare · 1996 · Theeuwes, Jan et al. · archived
  2. The (In)Accuracy of Estimations of Our Own Visual Acuity in the Presence of Glare ↗ · 2011 · Balk, Stacy A. et al. · indexed
  3. The accuracy of observers' estimates of the effect of glare on nighttime vision: Do we exaggerate the disabling effects of glare? ↗ · 2010 · Balk, Stacy A. · indexed
  4. Evaluation of Glare Reduction Techniques · 1975 · Raine, W. L. et al. · archived
  5. Immediate and Long-Term Effects of Glare from following Vehicles on Target Detection in Driving Simulator ↗ · 1996 · Ranney, Thomas A. et al. · indexed
  6. Evaluation of the Impact of Spectral Power Distribution on Driver Performance · 2015 · Gibbons, Ronald B. et al. · archived
  7. Quantifying the Night Driver's Visual Environment · 1980 · Olsen, R. A. · archived
  8. Visual Impairment and Disability in Older Adults ↗ · 1994 · Rubin, Gary S. et al. · indexed
  9. DISCOMFORT GLARE FROM D1 HEADLAMPS OF DIFFERENT SIZE ↗ · 1991 · Alferdinck, Jwam et al. · indexed
  10. The Immediate Effects of Glare and Electrochromic Glare-Reducing Mirrors in Simulated Truck Driving ↗ · 2000 · Ranney, Thomas A. et al. · indexed
  11. Assessment of headlamp glare and potential countermeasures : the effects of headlamp mounting height · 2008 · Akashi, Yukio · archived
  12. Driver's Visibility Requirements for Roadway Delineation. Volume I: Effects of Contrast and Configuration on Driver Performance and Behavior · 1977 · Allen, R. W. et al. · archived
  13. A Prospective, Population-Based Study of the Role of Visual Impairment in Motor Vehicle Crashes among Older Drivers: The SEE Study · 2007 · Rubin, Gary S. et al. · archived
  14. Increased visual and cognitive demands emphasize the importance of meeting visual needs at all distances while driving · 2020 · Patoine, Amigale et al. · archived
  15. Increased visual and cognitive demands emphasize the importance of meeting visual needs at all distances while driving · 2021 · Patoine, Amigale et al. · archived
  16. Visual Impairment— Driving-Related Fact Sheet For Medical Professionals · 2023 · NHTSA · archived
  17. Driver Vision: Bibliography · 1963 · NHTSA · archived
  18. Age Differences in Visual Abilities in Nighttime Driving Field Conditions ↗ · 1996 · Chrysler, Susan T. et al. · indexed
  19. Impact of vision disorders and vision impairment on motor vehicle crash risk and on-road driving performance: A systematic review ↗ · 2022 · Wood, Joanne M. et al. · indexed
  20. Anisotropy in the peripheral visual field based on pupil response to the glare illusion ↗ · 2022 · Istiqomah, Novera et al. · indexed
  21. Effects of visual field impairment on driving ↗ · 2015 · Andersson, Jan et al. · indexed
  22. The Relationship between Driver Vision and Accident Involvement ↗ · 1977 · Shinar, David · indexed
  23. Enhanced Night Visibility Series, Volume XVI : Phase III, Characterization of Experimental Objects · 2005 · Gibbons, Ronald B. et al. · archived
  24. The Effect of Differences in Day and Night Lighting Distributions on Drivers' Speed Perception ↗ · 2016 · Kim, Jonathan et al. · indexed
  25. Driving with Visual Field Loss: An Exploratory Simulation Study · 2009 · Lockhart, Julie et al. · archived
  26. Foggy perception slows us down ↗ · 2012 · Pretto, Paolo et al. · indexed
  27. Effects of Reduced Contrast on the Perception and Control of Speed When Driving ↗ · 2010 · Owens, D. Alfred et al. · indexed
  28. Reducing Contrast Makes Speeds in a Video-Based Driving Simulator Harder to Discriminate as Well as Making Them Appear Slower ↗ · 2008 · Horswill, Mark S et al. · indexed
  29. The Distribution of Visibility Levels at Target Detection in a Modified Adrian/CIE Visibility Model ↗ · 2009 · Green, Marc · indexed
  30. Hybrid dimension reduction and logit models for glare-induced crash severity · 2026 · Tusti, Anannya Ghosh et al. · archived
  31. Eliminating sun glare disturbance at signalized intersections by a vehicle to infrastructure wireless communication : final report. · 2016 · Li, Qing et al. · archived
  32. Reaction times as an index of visual conspicuity when driving at night ↗ · 2002 · Plainis, Sotiris et al. · indexed
  33. The Twilight Envelope: A User-Centered Approach to Describing Roadway Illumination at Night ↗ · 2001 · Andre, Jeffrey et al. · indexed
  34. Light Isn’t Just for Vision Anymore: Implications for Transportation Safety (Part II) · 2009 · Figueiro, Mariana G. et al. · archived
  35. Distracted Driving and Driving Patterns in Older Drivers With Glaucoma · 2021 · Jain, Purva et al. · archived
  36. New, Improved, Comprehensive, and Automated Driver’s License Test and Vision Screening System · 2005 · Straus, Sandy H. · archived
  37. Target detection and driving behaviour measurements in a driving simulator at mesopic light levels ↗ · 2006 · Alferdinck, Johan W. A. M. · indexed
  38. The Effect of Adverse Visibility on Driver Steering Performance in an Automobile Simulator ↗ · 1977 · Allen, R. Wade et al. · indexed
  39. Implications of Vision Testing for Older Driver Licensing ↗ · 2008 · Langford, Jim et al. · indexed
  40. The Relationship Between Visual Abilities and Driving Habits Among Older Drivers: A LongROAD Study · 2018 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  41. A Safety Evaluation of UVA Vehicle Headlights · 1998 · Nitzburg, Marsha et al. · archived
  42. Light Isn’t Just for Vision Anymore: Implications for Transportation Safety · 2007 · Figueiro, Mariana G. et al. · archived
  43. Public Roads: A Journal of Highway Research, Vol. 33, No. 11 · 1965 · Michaels, Richard M. et al. · archived
  44. Driving under low-contrast visibility conditions in Parkinson disease · 2009 · Uc, E. Y. et al. · archived
  45. Opportunities and Limitations of a Gaze-Contingent Display to Simulate Visual Field Loss in Driving Simulator Studies ↗ · 2022 · Biebl, Bianca et al. · indexed
  46. Assessment of Traffic Control Practices With Respect to Older Drivers · 2007 · Meyer, Eric et al. · archived
  47. Prototype mobile luminance measurement system and level of service for evaluating rural high-speed nighttime delineation. · 2013 · Miles, Jeffrey D. et al. · archived
  48. Effects of Age and Illumination on Night Driving: A Road Test ↗ · 2007 · Owens, D. Alfred et al. · indexed
  49. Visibility estimation from a moving vehicle using the RALPH vision system ↗ · 2002 · Pomerleau, D. · indexed
  50. The Effect of Nighttime Lighting Systems on Workers’ Visibility and Safety [Tech Transfer Summary] · 2025 · Ho, Chun-Hsing et al. · archived
  51. Testing Visual Search Performance Using Retinal Light Scanning as a Future Wearable Low Vision Aid ↗ · 2003 · Lin, Sun-Kai V. et al. · indexed
  52. The impact of blurred vision on cognitive assessment ↗ · 2006 · Bertone, Armando et al. · indexed
  53. Review of Driver Behavior Characteristics and Hazard Perception Enhancement in Low-Illumination Environments ↗ · 2025 · Feng, Pengfei et al. · indexed
  54. Real-Time Disparity Contrast Combination for Onboard Estimation of the Visibility Distance · 2006 · Hautiere, N. et al. · archived
  55. The effects of motor vehicle window tinting on traffic safety and enforcement : final report : a report to the Governor and General Assembly in response to Senate Joint Resolution 293, 1993 Session. · 1994 · Proffitt, Dennis R · archived
  56. The Effect of Acute Sleep Deprivation on Visual Evoked Potentials in Professional Drivers ↗ · 2008 · Jackson, Melinda L. et al. · indexed
  57. PERCEPTUAL AND FIELD FACTORS CAUSING LATERAL DISPLACEMENT ↗ · 1963 · Michaels, Richard M et al. · indexed
  58. Development of a Model to Calculate Roadway Luminance Induced by Fixed Roadway Lighting ↗ · 2006 · Aktan, Fuat et al. · indexed
  59. Seeing into Old Age: Vision Function Beyond Acuity ↗ · 1999 · Hægerström-Portnoy, Gunilla et al. · indexed
  60. Effects of Reduced Transmittance Film on Automobile Rear Window Visibility ↗ · 1993 · Freedman, Mark S. et al. · indexed
  61. Effects of Conformal and Nonconformal Vision Enhancement Systems on Older-Driver Performance ↗ · 2001 · Caird, J.K. et al. · indexed
  62. Visual Search for Traffic Signs: The Effects of Clutter, Luminance, and Aging ↗ · 2001 · Ho, Geoffrey et al. · indexed
  63. Effects of car window tinting on visual performance: a comparison of elderly and young drivers ↗ · 1999 · BURNS, NICHOLAS R. · indexed
  64. A Study on the Impact of Ambient Light on Driver Fatigue Based on Eye-Tracking Data ↗ · 2025 · Xu, ChangLong et al. · indexed
  65. Road traffic casualties: understanding the night-time death toll · 2006 · Plainis, Sotiris et al. · archived
  66. Effect of Low Blood-Alcohol Concentrations in Simulated Day and Night Driving ↗ · 1963 · Mortimer, Rudolf G. · indexed
  67. Road Marking Contrast Threshold Revisited ↗ · 2021 · Spieringhs, Rik Marco et al. · indexed
  68. A Comprehensive Investigation of Visibility Problems on Highways: Developing Real Time Monitoring and Prediction System for Reduced Visibility and Understanding Traffic and Human Factors Implications · 2015 · Abdel-Aty, M. et al. · archived
  69. Summary Report: Improvements In Symbol Sign Design To Aid Older Drivers · 1994 · Dewar, Robert et al. · archived
  70. Drivers with visual field defects; diagnosis, health and experiences ↗ · 2015 · Peters, Björn et al. · indexed
  71. The Role of Retinal Adaptation in Night Driving ↗ · 2005 · Plainis, Sotiris et al. · indexed
  72. Symbol Signing Design for Older Drivers · 1997 · Dewar, Robert et al. · archived
  73. A simple visual task to assess flicker effects on visual performance ↗ · 2011 · Jaén, EM et al. · indexed
  74. Long-term reduction of short wavelength light affects sustained attention and visuospatial working memory ↗ · 2019 · Domagalik, Aleksandra et al. · indexed
  75. A Feature-based Approach for the Recognition of Image Quality Degradation in Automotive Applications · 2023 · Bauer, Florian · archived
  76. Spotting Fruit versus Picking Fruit as the Selective Advantage of Human Colour Vision · 2013 · Bompas, Aline et al. · archived