Preliminary Human Factors Review for the Intelligent Vehicle Initiative (Ivi) Program: Identification of Human Factors Research Needs

Campbell, John L.; Everson, Jeffrey H. · 1998 · ROSA P / United States. Joint Program Office for Intelligent Transportation Systems

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Summary

This report details a preliminary human factors review conducted for the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Intelligent Vehicle Initiative (IVI) program. The primary motivation was to identify critical human factors research needs early in the IVI lifecycle to ensure that the integration of advanced safety and information technologies results in safe, well-engineered vehicles. The authors warn that without proper human factors integration, the increased complexity and volume of in-vehicle displays could lead to information overload, driver confusion, and reduced safety performance. The project, performed by Battelle Memorial Institute, consisted of two main subtasks. Subtask 1 involved a Preliminary IVI Human Factors Technology Workshop held in December 1997, which gathered over 70 stakeholders, including automotive manufacturers, universities, and government agencies. The workshop aimed to define technologies, assess their availability, and identify human factors issues. Subtask 2 investigated infrastructure and in-vehicle requirements for alternative IVI configurations. Researchers analyzed 26 specific "User Services" (such as collision avoidance, navigation, and driver condition warnings) defined in the IVI program. These services were grouped into seven "Technology Modules" to facilitate analysis. The team conducted literature searches using national databases and existing collections from the Federal Highway Administration and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, supplemented by expert opinions gathered at the workshop. Based on these modules, five candidate IVI configurations were developed for passenger cars, commercial trucks, and transit vehicles. The findings indicate that while considerable human factors research exists for individual User Services, no publicly available research has examined the effects of integrating multiple Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) devices into a single vehicle as envisioned by the IVI. The study concluded that human factors research for the Generation I IVI must focus on integrating and managing the information presented to the driver. Key research needs identified include understanding baseline driver behavior, establishing system standardization guidelines, determining appropriate message modalities and timing, addressing false alarms, and evaluating driver acceptance and trust in automated systems. The report also noted that a broad range of ITS technologies is currently available to support a Generation I prototype, whereas Generation II and III vehicles will require extensive new algorithms, software, and infrastructure. The significance of this work lies in its role as a foundational roadmap for the IVI program. By identifying specific gaps in human factors research, the report helps prevent the deployment of systems that may compromise driver performance due to poor interface design. It emphasizes the necessity of a system-level design approach rather than treating technologies as independent subsystems. The conclusions provide a basis for prioritizing future research to ensure that driver-vehicle interfaces are usable, suitable, and acceptable, thereby supporting the IVI’s goal of reducing motor vehicle crashes and improving transportation safety.

Key finding

No publicly available human factors research has examined the effects of integrating multiple Intelligent Transportation Systems devices into a vehicle as envisioned by the IVI.

Methodology

review

Provenance

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Topics

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• ehmi external hmi
• automation
• hud ar windshield
• feedback modes
• situational awareness
• vru facing ehmi

Information type

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• Applied Guidance: design guidelines
• Synthesis & Review: research agenda
• Theoretical Contribution: conceptual framework