Theoretical Contribution
conceptual framework
A framework, taxonomy, or set of definitions that organizes a problem space: distraction taxonomies, levels-of-automation classifications, definitions of driver state constructs, conceptual models of takeover or engagement. The contribution is structured vocabulary and distinctions for thinking about the domain, not causal explanation (theory_or_model) and not empirical results.
881 paper(s) · newest first · see also all information types
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Towards Operationalizing Driver Distraction · 2013 · Foley, James P et al. · archived
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A Taxonomy of Strategies For Supporting Time-Sharing With Non-Driving Tasks in Automated Driving · 2019 · He, Dengbo et al. · archived
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Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms Related to Driving Automation Systems for On-Road Motor Vehicles ↗ · 2021 · On-Road Automated Driving (ORAD) Committee · indexed
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Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms Related to Driving Automation Systems for On-Road Motor Vehicles ↗ · 2018 · On-Road Automated Driving (ORAD) Committee · indexed
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Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms Related to Driving Automation Systems for On-Road Motor Vehicles ↗ · 2016 · On-Road Automated Driving (ORAD) Committee · indexed
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Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms Related to On-Road Motor Vehicle Automated Driving Systems ↗ · 2014 · On-Road Automated Driving (ORAD) Committee · indexed
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Toward Defining Driving Automation from a Human-Centered Perspective ↗ · 2017 · Yang, Ji Hyun et al. · indexed
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Defining Driver Distraction · 2008 · Lee, John et al. · archived
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Human Factors Evaluation of Level 2 and Level 3 Automated Driving Concepts: Concepts of Operation · 2014 · Marinik, Andrew et al. · archived
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Work domain modeling of human-automation interaction for in-vehicle automation · 2024 · Zhang, You et al. · archived
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Human-Centered Challenges and Contribution for the Implementation of Automated Driving · 2011 · van den Beukel, Arie P. et al. · archived
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Evaluation of Strategies for Integrated Classification of Visual-Manual and Cognitive Distractions in Driving · 2016 · Zhang, Yu et al. · archived
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Human Factors Evaluation of Level 2 and Level 3 Automated Driving Concepts: Past Research, State of Automation Technology, and Emerging System Concepts · 2014 · Trimble, Tammy E. et al. · archived
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Driver Distraction Injury Prevention Countermeasures‚ÄîPart 2 · 2008 · Regan, Michael et al. · archived
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Using Driver State Detection in Automated Vehicles · 2018 · Gaspar, John et al. · archived
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Key considerations in the development of driving automation systems ↗ · 2015 · Christensen, Andy et al. · indexed
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Consumer Use & Adoption of Advanced Vehicle Systems · 2019 · Seppelt, Bobbie et al. · archived
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Taxonomy, Open Challenges, Motivations, and Recommendations in Driver Behavior Recognition: A Systematic Review ↗ · 2024 · al-qaysi, ziadoon · indexed
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Driver Distraction Detection Methods: A Literature Review and Framework · 2021 · Kashevnik, Alexey et al. · archived
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Minimum Required Attention: A Human-Centered Approach to Driver Inattention ↗ · 2017 · Kircher, Katja et al. · indexed
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Control Task Substitution in Semiautomated Driving · 2012 · Carsten, Oliver et al. · archived
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Effects of Distraction in On-Road Level 2 Automated Driving: Impacts on Glance Behavior and Takeover Performance ↗ · 2021 · Yang, Shiyan et al. · indexed
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The "Out-of-the-Loop" concept in automated driving: proposed definition, measures and implications · 2018 · Merat, Natasha et al. · archived
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A generic multi-level framework for microscopic traffic simulation—Theory and an example case in modelling driver distraction · 2018 · Lint, Hans van et al. · archived
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Takeover performance according to the level of disengagement during automated driving · 2022 · Gallouin, Evan et al. · archived
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A critique of the SAE conditional driving automation definition, and analyses of options for improvement · 2018 · Inagaki, Toshiyuki et al. · archived
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Second-generation UMTRI coding scheme for classifying driver tasks in distraction studies and application to the ACAS FOT video clips. · 2006 · Yee, Serge et al. · archived
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A Taxonomy for Autonomous Vehicles Considering Ambient Road Infrastructure ↗ · 2023 · Chen, Sikai et al. · indexed
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Defining interactions: a conceptual framework for understanding interactive behaviour in human and automated road traffic ↗ · 2020 · Markkula, G. et al. · indexed
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On the Philosophical Foundations of the Distracted Driver and Driving Distraction ↗ · 2008 · Hancock, Peter A. et al. · indexed
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Humans and intelligent vehicles : the hope, the help, and the harm. · 2016 · Fisher, Donald L. et al. · archived
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Model-based estimation of the state of vehicle automation as derived from the driver's spontaneous visual strategies · 2019 · Schnebelen, Damien et al. · archived
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Human Factors Evaluation of Level 2 and Level 3 Automated Driving Concepts ↗ · 2015 · Blanco, Myra et al. · indexed
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Countermeasures To Detect and Combat Inattention While Driving Partially Automated Systems · 2023 · Paras, Carolina Rodriguez et al. · archived
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Development of Situational Awareness Enhancing System for Manual Takeover of AV · 2023 · Li, Yujie et al. · archived
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Devil in the details: Systematic review of TOR signals in automated driving with a generic classification framework ↗ · 2022 · Jansen, Reinier J. et al. · indexed
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Framing automation of driving tasks: Effects on risk perception and consumers’ understanding of different levels of vehicle automation across four European countries ↗ · 2025 · Harms, Ilse M. et al. · indexed
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Visual gaze and engagement with non-driving related tasks: a driving simulator study with automated vehicles ↗ · 2025 · Pradhan, Anuj K. · indexed
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How to navigate the intermediate levels of vehicle automation? ↗ · 2025 · van Nes, Nicole et al. · indexed
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DEV: A Driver-Environment-Vehicle Closed-Loop Framework for Risk-Aware Adaptive Automation of Driving · 2025 · Halin, Anaïs et al. · archived
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Applicability of risky decision-making theory to understand drivers' behaviour during transitions of control in vehicle automation · 2019 · GONÇALVES, Rafael Cirino et al. · archived
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Effect of human–machine interface infotainment systems and automated vehicles on driver distraction ↗ · 2024 · Abbasi, Elahe et al. · indexed
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An Integrated Open-Source Framework for Automated Analysis of Driver Activity, Glance, and Vehicle Automation Mode ↗ · 2026 · Sahoo, Praneet et al. · indexed
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Psychological constructs in driving automation: a consensus model and critical comment on construct proliferation ↗ · 2015 · Heikoop, Daniël D. et al. · indexed
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Detecting driver distraction · 2018 · Liang, Yulan · archived
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Driver’s Mental Models of Advanced Vehicle Technologies: A Proposed Framework for Identifying and Predicting Operator Errors · 2021 · Pradhan, Anuj K. et al. · archived
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How to Design Human-Vehicle Cooperation for Automated Driving: A Review of Use Cases, Concepts, and Interfaces ↗ · 2024 · Peintner, Jakob et al. · indexed
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A Comprehensive Review of Driver’s Attention and the Evaluation Methods · 2021 · Abbasi, Elahe et al. · archived
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The Effects of Visual and Cognitive Distractions on Operational and Tactical Driving Behaviors ↗ · 2013 · Zhang, Yu et al. · indexed
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Spotlighting distraction in artificial intelligence driver assistance systems · 2023 · Cardoso, Bruno et al. · archived
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Capturing Voluntary, Involuntary, and Habitual Components of Driver Distraction in a Self-Reported Questionnaire · 2015 · Marulanda, Susana et al. · archived
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How to assess driver's interaction with partially automated driving systems – A framework for early concept assessment · 2017 · van den Beukel, Arie P. et al. · archived
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Toward Computational Simulations of Behavior During Automated Driving Takeovers: A Review of the Empirical and Modeling Literatures · 2019 · McDonald, Anthony D et al. · archived
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Research Framework for Studying Driver Distraction on Polish City Highways · 2013 · Kelwyn A. D’Souza et al. · archived
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Distracted when Using Driving Automation: A Quantile Regression Analysis of Driver Glances Considering Task Type · 2022 · He, Dengbo et al. · archived
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Situation Awareness in Remote Operators of Autonomous Vehicles: Developing a Taxonomy of Situation Awareness in Video-Relays of Driving Scenes · 2021 · Mutzenich, Clare et al. · archived
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Driver Distraction: Mechanisms, Evidence, Prevention, and Mitigation · 2023 · Regan, Michael A. et al. · archived
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Human-Centered Intervention Based on Tactical-Level Input in Unscheduled Takeover Scenarios for Highly-Automated Vehicles · 2020 · Kamezaki, Mitsuhiro et al. · archived
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Takeover performance evaluation using driving simulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis · 2021 · Soares, Sónia et al. · archived
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The implication of non-driving activities on situation awareness and take-over performance in level 3 automation ↗ · 2020 · Yang, Lichao et al. · indexed
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Quantitative models for automation rate and situation awareness response: A case study of levels of driving automation ↗ · 2021 · Liu, Yunmei et al. · indexed
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A Systematic Review of Metrics Measuring Takeover Performance in Conditionally Automated Driving ↗ · 2025 · Tilbury, Dawn M. et al. · indexed
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How Do Advanced Driver Assistance Systems Fit into Level of Automation Frameworks? ↗ · 2022 · Souders, Dustin J. et al. · indexed
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Towards Safe and Comfortable Vehicle Control Transitions: A Systematic Review of Takeover Time, Time Budget, and Takeover Performance · 2025 · Liang, Kexin et al. · archived
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Design of Conditional Driving Automation Variables to Improve Takeover Performance ↗ · 2019 · Tanshi, Foghor et al. · indexed
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A Fuzzy-Logic Approach to Dynamic Bayesian Severity Level Classification of Driver Distraction Using Image Recognition · 2020 · Fasanmade, Adebamigbe et al. · archived
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2017 Forum on the Impact of Vehicle Technologies and Automation on Users: A Summary Report · 2018 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
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Time Required for Take-over from Automated to Manual Driving ↗ · 2016 · Ito, Toshio et al. · indexed
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The Effect of Urgency of Take-Over Requests During Highly Automated Driving Under Distraction Conditions · 2021 · Naujoks, Frederik et al. · archived
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Lateral control assistance in car driving: classification, review and future prospects ↗ · 2011 · Navarro, J. et al. · indexed
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Automation Expectation Mismatch: Incorrect Prediction Despite Eyes on Threat and Hands on Wheel ↗ · 2018 · Victor, Trent et al. · indexed
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A theoretical model of human-automation interaction grounded in resource allocation policy during automated driving ↗ · 2018 · Yamani, Yusuke et al. · indexed
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Human-Machine interfaces and vehicle Automation: A review of the literature and recommendations for system Design, Feedback, and alerts · 2024 · Wang, Meng et al. · archived
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Cognitive Distraction: Something to Think About · 2013 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
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Towards standardized metrics for measuring takeover performance in conditionally automated driving: A systematic review · 2021 · Tilbury, Dawn M. et al. · archived
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Using Driver State Detection in Automated Vehicles [supporting dataset] · 2019 · Gaspar, John et al. · archived
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Insights for the Future of Car Rental and Ridesharing: Driving Behavior Across Different Levels of Automation · 2025 · Meda, Pranav et al. · archived
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Vision-Language Hazard Reasoning for Driver Distraction and Workload Estimation ↗ · 2025 · Ng, Shu-Kay et al. · indexed
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Understanding driver distraction associated with specific behavioural interactions with in-vehicle and portable technologies · 2017 · Imberger, K · archived
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A Contextual Multimodal System for Increasing Situation Awareness and Takeover Quality in Conditionally Automated Driving · 2023 · Capallera, Marine et al. · archived
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The Effects of Visual and Cognitive Distraction on Driver Situation Awareness · 2011 · Rogers, Meghan L. et al. · archived
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Decoding Driver Takeover Behaviour in Conditional Automation with Immersive Virtual Reality · 2024 · Ansar, Muhammad Sajjad et al. · archived
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The distraction potential of driving a partially automated vehicle through a construction zone · 2025 · Biondi, F et al. · archived
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Systematic Review of Research on Driver Distraction in the Context of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems ↗ · 2021 · Pradhan, Anuj K. · indexed
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Exploratory Development of Algorithms for Determining Driver Attention Status · 2024 · Herbers, Eileen et al. · archived
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Driver Inattention During Vehicle Automation: How Does Driver Engagement Affect Resumption Of Control? ↗ · 2015 · Louw, Tyron et al. · indexed
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Preface to the Special Section on Human Factors and Automation in Vehicles · 2012 · Merat, Natasha et al. · archived
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Inferring Hidden Attentional States in Driving: A Bayesian Approach to Modeling Distraction and Secondary Task Engagement. ↗ · 2026 · Dheeraj Kashyap L et al. · indexed
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From Manual Driving to Automated Driving · 2019 · Ayoub, Jackie et al. · archived
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Assessing cognitive distraction in the automobile · 2015 · Strayer, DL et al. · archived
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2021 Virtual Forum on the Impact of Vehicle Technologies and Automation on Users: A Summary Report · 2022 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
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Conceptualization of Human Factors in Automated Driving by Work Domain Analysis ↗ · 2020 · Zhang, You et al. · indexed
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Bridging Gaps Among Human, Assisted, and Automated Driving With DVIs: A Conceptional Experimental Study ↗ · 2018 · Wang, Jiao et al. · indexed
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Effects of Level 3 Automated Vehicle Drivers’ Fatigue on Their Take-Over Behaviour: A Literature Review ↗ · 2021 · Guo, Hanying et al. · indexed
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Human factors implications of vehicle automation: Current understanding and future directions · 2014 · Merat, Natasha et al. · archived
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Supervising the self-driving car: Situation awareness and fatigue during highly automated driving ↗ · 2023 · McKerral, Angus et al. · indexed
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2019 Forum on the Impact of Vehicle Technologies and Automation on Users – Design and Safety Implications: A Summary Report · 2020 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
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Individual Differences in Glance Patterns under Distraction in Level 2 Automated Driving ↗ · 2020 · Yang, Shiyan et al. · indexed
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Towards Cooperative Driving: Involving the Driver in an Autonomous Vehicle's Decision Making · 2016 · Walch, Marcel et al. · archived
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CityMobil · 2009 · Toffetti, Antonella et al. · archived
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Autonomous Vehicles that Alert Humans to Take-Over Controls: Modeling with Real-World Data · 2021 · Rangesh, Akshay et al. · archived
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Your Interface, Your Control: Adapting Takeover Requests for Seamless Handover in Semi-Autonomous Vehicles · 2025 · Gomaa, Amr et al. · archived
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Measuring and Predicting Drivers’ Takeover Readiness and Supporting Takeover Transitions in Automated Driving · 2023 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
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Driver Expectations for System Control Errors, Driver Engagement, and Crash Avoidance in Level 2 Driving Automation Systems · 2021 · Russell, Sheldon M. et al. · archived
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Examining effects of scenario type and vehicle speed on takeover readiness and performance in conditionally automated driving ↗ · 2020 · Tilbury, Dawn M. et al. · indexed
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Taking Over Control From Highly Automated Vehicles in Complex Traffic Situations ↗ · 2016 · Gold, Christian et al. · indexed
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Quantitative Identification of Driver Distraction: A Weakly Supervised Contrastive Learning Approach · 2023 · Yang, Haohan et al. · archived
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Human-Machine Interfaces and Vehicle Automation: The Effect of HMI Design on Driver Performance and Behavior · 2023 · Wang, Meng et al. · archived
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Utilization of Drivetime – Performing Non-Driving Related Tasks While Driving Highly Automated ↗ · 2015 · Gold, Christian et al. · indexed
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Is the Technology in Your Car Driving You to Distraction? · 2015 · Strayer, David L. · archived
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A multi-method approach to understanding drivers' experiences and behavior under partial vehicle automation · 2023 · Strayer, DL et al. · archived
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Impact of non-driving related tasks while operating automated driving systems (ADS): A systematic review ↗ · 2023 · Pradhan, Anuj K. · indexed
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European NCAP Program Developments to Address Driver Distraction, Drowsiness and Sudden Sickness ↗ · 2021 · Fredriksson, Rikard et al. · indexed
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Are you in the loop? Using gaze dispersion to understand driver visual attention during vehicle automation · 2017 · Louw, Tyron et al. · archived
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Driver's arousal and workload under partial vehicle automation · 2020 · Strayer, DL et al. · archived
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Naturalistic Study of Level 2 Driving Automation Functions · 2018 · Russell, Sheldon M. et al. · archived
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Highly Automated Driving, Secondary Task Performance, and Driver State · 2012 · Merat, Natasha et al. · archived
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Predicting Takeover Performance and Identifying Behavioral Patterns in Autonomous Vehicles Based on Readiness State and Scenario Complexity ↗ · 2025 · Lai, Hsueh-Yi et al. · indexed
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NHTSA DRIVER DISTRACTION RESEARCH: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE ↗ · 2001 · Ranney, Thomas A. et al. · indexed
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NHTSA DRIVER DISTRACTION RESEARCH: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE ↗ · 2001 · Ranney, Thomas A. et al. · indexed
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Who is performing the driving tasks after interventions? Investigating drivers' understanding of mode transition logic in automated vehicles ↗ · 2024 · Kim, Soyeon et al. · indexed
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Context-Aware Quantitative Risk Assessment Machine Learning Model for Drivers Distraction · 2024 · Fasanmade, Adebamigbe et al. · archived
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Do Researchers Use the Levels of Automation Appropriately? How Automation is Discussed in Research ↗ · 2023 · Parker, Jah’inaya et al. · indexed
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Driver Distraction Assessment Using Driver Modeling ↗ · 2013 · Hermannstadter, Peter et al. · indexed
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DeepTake: Prediction of Driver Takeover Behavior using Multimodal Data · 2020 · Pakdamanian, Erfan et al. · archived
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Incorporating different phases of situation awareness information into the design of advanced takeover requests for urgent takeover scenarios ↗ · 2026 · Lai, Hsueh-Yi et al. · indexed
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Real-Time Detection System of Driver Distraction Using Machine Learning · 2013 · Tango, Fabio et al. · archived
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Terms of debate: Consensus definitions to guide the scientific discourse on visual distraction · 2023 · Liesefeld, Heinrich R. et al. · archived
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Examining the Role of Driver Perception in Takeover Time: Application of Task-Capability Interface Theory ↗ · 2024 · Liang, Kexin et al. · indexed
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Modeling Drivers’ Takeover Behavior Depending on the Criticality of Driving Situations and the Complexity of Secondary Tasks ↗ · 2019 · Tanshi, Foghor et al. · indexed
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Multidimensional Assessment of Takeover Performance in Conditionally Automated Driving · 2025 · Liang, Kexin et al. · archived
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Considerations for the development of a driver distraction safety rating system for new vehicles · 2020 · Imberger, K · archived
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Driver's arousal and workload under partial vehicle automation · 2020 · Cooper, JM et al. · archived
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From Car-Driver-Handovers to Cooperative Interfaces: Visions for Driver-Vehicle Interaction in Automated Driving ↗ · 2017 · Walch, Marcel et al. · indexed
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Government and Industry Perspectives on Driver Distraction ↗ · 2008 · Tingvall, Claes et al. · indexed
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Survey and Synthesis of State of the Art in Driver Monitoring · 2021 · Halin, Anaïs et al. · archived
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From Driver to Supervisor: Comparing Cognitive Load and EEG-based Attentional Resource Allocation across Automation Levels · 2023 · Figalova, Nikol et al. · archived
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Toward Computational Simulations of Behavior During Automated Driving Takeovers: A Review of the Empirical and Modeling Literatures · 2019 · McDonald, Anthony D. et al. · archived
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Cooperation between drivers and automation: implications for safety ↗ · 2008 · Hoc, Jean-Michel et al. · indexed
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Look Up! An Eye-Tracking Study on Situation Awareness During Automated Vehicle Takeover ↗ · 2021 · Liang, Nade et al. · indexed
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Driver behavior while using Level 2 vehicle automation: A hybrid naturalistic study · 2023 · Cooper, JM et al. · archived
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Influence of Driving Experience on Distraction Engagement in Automated Vehicles · 2019 · He, Dengbo et al. · archived
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User Interactions with Vehicle Automation Technologies: A Review of Previous Research and a Proposed Framework · 2023 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
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Measuring Distraction at the Levels of Tactical and Strategic Control: The Limits of Capacity-Based Measures for Revealing Unsafe Visual Sampling Models · 2011 · Kujala, Tuomo et al. · archived
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How Do Automation Modes Influence the Frequency of Advanced Driver Distraction Warnings? A Simulator Study ↗ · 2023 · Koniakowsky, Ina Marie et al. · indexed
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A Taxonomy for Autonomous Vehicles Considering Ambient Road Infrastructure · 2023 · Chen, Sikai et al. · archived
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Strategies for reducing driver distraction from in-vehicle telematics devices : a discussion document · 2003 · Transport Canada, Road Safety and Motor Vehicle Regulations Directorate · archived
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Beyond Levels of Automation: Human System Modes, Levels, Functions and Patterns for an Intelligent Human Systems Integration of Humans and Co-Systems · 2024 · Flemisch, Frank et al. · archived
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Driver Distraction with Wireless Telecommunications and Route Guidance Systems · 2000 · Tijerina, L. et al. · archived
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Task Interruption and Control Recovery Strategies After Take-Over Requests Emphasize Need for Measures of Situation Awareness ↗ · 2020 · Vogelpohl, Tobias et al. · indexed
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A Research Framework for Studying Transit Bus Driver Distraction · 2013 · D’Souza, Kelwyn A. et al. · archived
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The “field of safe travel” revisited: interpreting driving behaviour performance through a holistic approach ↗ · 2017 · Papakostopoulos, Vassilis et al. · indexed
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Anticipatory Driving in Automated Vehicles: The Effects of Driving Experience and Distraction · 2023 · He, Dengbo et al. · archived
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The Effects of Non-Driving-Related Task Engagement on Automated Driving Takeover Performance During the Nighttime ↗ · 2022 · Liang, Nade et al. · indexed
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Attention selection and task interference indriving: an action-oriented view ↗ · 2009 · Engström, Johan et al. · indexed
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Model-Based Analysis and Classification of Driver Distraction Under Secondary Tasks ↗ · 2010 · Ersal, Tulga et al. · indexed
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Driver’s Mental Models of Advanced Vehicle Technologies: A Proposed Framework for Identifying and Predicting Operator Errors · 2021 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety et al. · archived
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Noncritical State Transitions During Conditionally Automated Driving on German Freeways: Effects of Non–Driving Related Tasks on Takeover Time and Takeover Quality ↗ · 2019 · Naujoks, Frederik et al. · indexed
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Fatigue and Voluntary Utilization of Automation in Simulated Driving ↗ · 2012 · Neubauer, Catherine et al. · indexed
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Cooperation Between Vehicle and Driver: Predicting the Driver’s Takeover Capability in Cooperative Automated Driving Based on Orientation Patterns · 2024 · Herzberger, Nicolas et al. · archived
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The multitasking motorist and the attention economy · 2021 · Strayer, DL et al. · archived
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Evaluation of Autonomous Vehicles and Smart Technologies for Their Impact on Traffic Safety and Traffic Congestion · 2020 · Miles, James et al. · archived
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Systematic review and meta-analysis of take-over time from automated driving at SAE levels 2 and 3 to manual control ↗ · 2025 · Sekadakis, Marios et al. · indexed
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Modeling driver-vehicle interaction in automated driving Modellierung der Fahrer-Fahrzeug-Interaktion beim automatisierten Fahren · 2022 · Nobari, Khazar Dargahi et al. · archived
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Autonomous Driving Systems: A Preliminary Naturalistic Study of the Tesla Model S ↗ · 2017 · Endsley, Mica R. · indexed
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Driver Distraction Analysis on Naturalistic Heavy Vehicle Data: Task 2: Analysis of Sleeper Berth Data for Distraction Events – Draft Final Report · 2001 · Hanowski, Richard J. et al. · archived
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Drivers have Impaired Working Memory under High Cognitive Load and Visual Distraction: Safety Implications for Transitions of Control from Vehicle Automation ↗ · 2026 · Goncalves, Rafael Cirino et al. · indexed
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Caltrans UAS and Driver Safety: Driver Distraction in the Presence of UAS · 2024 · Akhavian, Reza et al. · archived
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National Advanced Driving Simulator Measures Driver Interactions with Automated Driving System · 2017 · NHTSA · archived
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Susceptibility to Driver Distraction Questionnaire · 2014 · Feng, Jing et al. · archived
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Using Human-Machine Interfaces To Convey Feedback in Automated Vehicles · 2019 · Shull, Emily et al. · archived
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Human Factors Design of Automated Highway Systems: Scenario Definition · 1995 · NHTSA · archived
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Takeover Safety Analysis with Driver Monitoring Systems and Driver–Vehicle Interfaces in Highly Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2021 · Yu, Dongyeon et al. · indexed
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Driver’s Arousal and Workload under Partial Vehicle Automation · 2020 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
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Confidence Horizon for a Dynamic Balance between Drivers and Vehicle Automation: First Sketch and Application · 2022 · Herzberger, Nicolas et al. · archived
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Understanding the Effects of Distracted Driving and Developing Strategies to Reduce Resulting Deaths and Injuries: A Report to Congress · 2013 · Vegega, Maria et al. · archived
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The Naturalistic Study of Distracted Driving: Moving from Research to Practice ↗ · 2011 · Hanowski, Richard Joseph · indexed
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Biologically Inspired Automotive User Interfaces for Partially and Highly Automated Maneuver Gestures: Final Results and Outlook · 2022 · Herzberger, Nicolas Daniel et al. · archived
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Measuring cognitive distraction in the automobile II · 2014 · Strayer, DL et al. · archived
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Heatmap-Based Method for Estimating Drivers' Cognitive Distraction · 2020 · Musabini, Antonyo et al. · archived
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Handbook of Human Factors for Automated, Connected, and Intelligent Vehicles ↗ · 2020 · Fisher, Donald L. et al. · indexed
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A User-Centered Approach to Adapt the Human-Machine Cooperation Strategy in Autonomous Driving · 2021 · Coeugnet, Stéphanie et al. · archived
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Moving Into the Loop: An Investigation of Drivers' Steering Behavior in Highly Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2020 · Alsaid, Areen et al. · indexed
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Modeling of takeover variables with respect to driver situation awareness and workload for intelligent driver assistance ↗ · 2019 · Tanshi, Foghor et al. · indexed
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Towards a Context-Dependent Multi-Buffer Driver Distraction Detection Algorithm · 2022 · Ahlstrom, Christer et al. · archived
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Driver intervention performance assessment as a key aspect of L3–L4 automated vehicles deployment ↗ · 2021 · Rodak, Aleksandra et al. · indexed
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From HMI to HMIs: Towards an HMI Framework for Automated Driving · 2020 · Bengler, Klaus et al. · archived
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The Role of Driver Distraction in Traffic Crashes · 2001 · Stutts, Jane C. et al. · archived
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Usability testing of three visual HMIs for assisted driving: How design impacts driver distraction and mental models · 2023 · Perrier, Mickaël J. R. et al. · archived
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Context-Aware Driver Distraction Severity Classification using LSTM Network ↗ · 2019 · Fasanmade, Adebamigbe et al. · indexed
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Behavior change associated with using partial automation among three samples of drivers during a 4-week field trial ↗ · 2025 · Reagan, Ian J. et al. · indexed
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An Analysis of Driver-Initiated Takeovers during Assisted Driving and their Effect on Driver Satisfaction · 2024 · Schwager, Robin et al. · archived
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Development and evaluation of a human machine interface to support mode awareness in different automated driving modes · 2022 · Tinga, Angelica M. et al. · archived
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An Investigation of Peer Influences on Risky Child and Adolescent Pedestrian Road Crossing: Final Report · 2016 · Plumert, Jodie M. et al. · archived
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Autonomous driving: investigating the feasibility of car-driver handover assistance · 2015 · Walch, Marcel et al. · archived
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CH-LSTTM: A Taxonomy of Traffic Hazards · 2024 · Yan, Song et al. · archived
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Improving Driver Performance and Experience in Assisted and Automated Driving With Visual Cues in the Steering Wheel ↗ · 2022 · Diederichs, Frederik et al. · indexed
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Exploring the Relationship Between Drivers’ Stationary Gaze Entropy and Situation Awareness in a Level-3 Automation Driving Simulation ↗ · 2024 · Ding, Wen et al. · indexed
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Effects of Non-Driving-Related Task Attributes on Takeover Quality in Automated Vehicles ↗ · 2020 · Lee, Seul Chan et al. · indexed
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The role of driver distraction in traffic crashes · 2001 · Stutts, Jane C. et al. · archived
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Saliency-Based Attention Shifting: A Framework for Improving Driver Situational Awareness of Out-of-Label Hazards · 2025 · Shleibik, Yousra et al. · archived
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Cognitive load and task switching in drivers: Implications for road safety in semi-autonomous vehicles ↗ · 2024 · Xu, Jinhui et al. · indexed
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Exploring driving anger-caused impairment of takeover performance among professional taxi drivers · 2024 · Pan, Hengyan et al. · archived
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From Driver to Supervisor: Comparing Cognitive Load and EEG-Based Attentional Resource Allocation Across Automation Levels · 2023 · Figalova, Nikol et al. · archived
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Human-Machine Interfaces and Vehicle Automation: A Review of the Literature and Recommendations for System Design, Feedback, and Alerts · 2022 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
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How do distracted and normal driving differ : an analysis of the ACAS naturalistic driving data · 2007 · Green, Paul E. et al. · archived
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Modeling the Impact of Automation on Driver Distraction: A Queuing Theory Approach ↗ · 2025 · Parker, Jah’inaya et al. · indexed
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Attentive User Interfaces to Improve Multitasking and Take-Over Performance in Automated Driving ↗ · 2019 · Wintersberger, Philipp et al. · indexed
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Behavioural changes in drivers experiencing highly-automated vehicle control in varying traffic conditions · 2013 · Jamson, A. Hamish et al. · archived
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Examining the Effects of Emotional Valence and Arousal on Takeover Performance in Conditionally Automated Driving · 2020 · Zhou, Feng et al. · archived
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Modelling level 1 situation awareness in driving: A cognitive architecture approach · 2024 · Rehman, Umair et al. · archived
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Investigating the impact of driving automation systems on distracted driving behaviors ↗ · 2021 · Dunn, Naomi et al. · indexed
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Engagement in Non-Driving Related Tasks as a Non-Intrusive Measure for Mode Awareness: A Simulator Study ↗ · 2020 · Forster, Yannick et al. · indexed
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Effects of Task-Induced Fatigue in Prolonged Conditional Automated Driving ↗ · 2019 · Jarosch, Oliver et al. · indexed
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Effects of Non-Driving Related Task Modalities on Takeover Performance in Highly Automated Driving ↗ · 2018 · Wandtner, Bernhard et al. · indexed
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Can EEG Measurements be Used to Estimate the Performance of Taking over Control from an Autonomous Vehicle for Different Levels of Distracted Driving? An Explorative Study ↗ · 2022 · Van Miltenburg, Maykel M.P.G. et al. · indexed
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Behavioral Research and Practical Models of Drivers' Attention · 2021 · Kotseruba, Iuliia et al. · archived
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Safe Control Transitions: Machine Vision Based Observable Readiness Index and Data-Driven Takeover Time Prediction · 2023 · Greer, Ross et al. · archived
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Predicting Driver Takeover Performance in Conditional Automation (Level 3) through Physiological Sensing · 2024 · Deng, Min et al. · archived
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Automated Vehicle Driver Monitoring Dataset from Real-World Scenarios · 2024 · Sabry, Mohamed et al. · archived
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Human Factors of Driving Automation: Evasive Maneuver Event Response Evaluation · 2023 · Britten, Nicholas N et al. · archived
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Predicting Driver Takeover Time in Conditionally Automated Driving · 2021 · Ayoub, Jackie et al. · archived
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Control Transition Interfaces in Semiautonomous Vehicles ↗ · 2017 · Mirnig, Alexander G. et al. · indexed
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Effects of unreliable automation, non-driving related task, and takeover time budget on drivers’ takeover performance and workload ↗ · 2022 · Shahini, Farzaneh et al. · indexed
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Beyond the Dashboard: Investigating Distracted Driver Communication Preferences for ADAS · 2024 · Hasan, Aamir et al. · archived
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Assessing the Ghanaian driver's susceptibility to distraction engagement · 2025 · Sam, Enoch F. · archived
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Mental workload accumulation effect of mobile phone distraction in L2 autopilot mode · 2022 · Zhao, Hongfei et al. · archived
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Supporting Driver Attention Toward Potential Hazards During Takeover: A Preliminary Result ↗ · 2024 · Tilbury, Dawn M. et al. · indexed
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Predicting drivers’ takeover time for safe and comfortable vehicle control transitions: The role of spare capacity and driver characteristics ↗ · 2025 · Liang, Kexin et al. · indexed
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Simulator Study of Involuntary Driver Distraction Under Different Perceptual Loads ↗ · 2017 · Hoekstra-Atwood, Liberty et al. · indexed
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In-vehicle displays to support driver anticipation of traffic conflicts in automated vehicles · 2021 · He, Dengbo et al. · archived
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Gaze-Based Indicators of Driver Cognitive Distraction: Effects of Different Traffic Conditions and Adaptive Cruise Control Use · 2025 · Halin, Anaïs et al. · archived
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Analysis of the distraction impact on driving performance across driving styles: A driving simulator study in various speed conditions · 2025 · Faqani, Mobina et al. · archived
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The role of take-over cue informativity in interrupted take-over requests in a semi-automated driving scenario · 2026 · Berger, Alexander et al. · archived
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Effects of User Interfaces on Take-Over Performance: A Review of the Empirical Evidence · 2021 · Kim, Soyeon et al. · archived
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Impact of Voice Assistants’ Conversational Style on Cognitive Driver Distraction · 2025 · Dittrich, Monique et al. · archived
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Measuring Cognitive Distraction in the Automobile II: Assessing In-Vehicle Voice-Based Interactive Technologies · 2014 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
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Understanding Driver-Automated Vehicle Interactions Through Wizard of Oz Design Improvisation ↗ · 2015 · Mok, Brian et al. · indexed
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A quantitative model of takeover request time budget for conditionally automated driving · 2024 · Tanshi, Foghor et al. · archived
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Situation Awareness Classification Using Multi-modal Sensing in Automated Driving ↗ · 2021 · Liang, Nade et al. · indexed
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New knowledge and methods for mitigating driver distraction · 2018 · Geitner, Claudia · archived
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Literature Review of Behavioral Adaptations to Advanced Driver Assistance Systems · 2016 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
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Driver arousal and workload under partial vehicle automation: A pilot study · 2020 · Lohani, M et al. · archived
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Predicting Driver Errors during Automated Vehicle Takeovers · 2023 · Alambeigi, Hananeh et al. · archived
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Is conditionally automated driving a bad idea? Observations from an on-road study in automated vehicles with multiple levels of driving automation · 2025 · Kim, Soyeon et al. · archived
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Takeover Time in Highly Automated Vehicles: Noncritical Transitions to and From Manual Control ↗ · 2017 · Eriksson, Alexander et al. · indexed
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Computational Models for In-Vehicle User Interface Design: A Systematic Literature Review · 2024 · Lorenz, Martin et al. · archived
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Where drivers are looking at during takeover: Implications for safe takeovers during conditionally automated driving ↗ · 2023 · Huang, Chao et al. · indexed
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The Dynamics of Attention Across Automated and Manual Driving Modes: A Driving Simulation Study ↗ · 2026 · Cai, Yuan et al. · indexed
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Effect of Partially Automated Driving on Mental Workload, Visual Behavior and Engagement in Nondriving-Related Tasks: A Meta-Analysis · 2025 · Vasta, N et al. · archived
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Identifying Mental Frameworks Underlying Driver Behavior in Urban Contexts [Summary] · 2024 · Carver, DeWayne et al. · archived
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Active Inference Models of AV Takeovers: Relating Model Parameters to Trust, Situation Awareness, and Fatigue ↗ · 2024 · Wei, Ran et al. · indexed
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Effects of non-driving related tasks on mental workload and take-over times during conditional automated driving · 2021 · Müller, Andreas et al. · archived
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Training to Improve Drivers’ Behavior When Partial Driving Automation Fails · 2020 · Roberts, Shannon C et al. · archived
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