Development of human factors guidelines for advanced traveler information systems and commercial vehicle operations : literature review

Dingus, Thomas A.; Hulse, Melissa C.; Jahns, S. K.; Alves-Foss, J; Confer, S; Rice, A; Roberts, I; Hanowski, Richard J.; Sorenson, D · 1996 · ROSA P / United States. Joint Program Office for Intelligent Transportation Systems

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Summary

This report documents the initial phase (Task A) of a broader project aimed at developing human factors design guidelines for Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) and Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO). The research was motivated by the rapid advancement of sensor, electronic, and microcomputing technologies, which enabled the conceptualization of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). As ATIS and CVO technologies moved from development to large-scale operational testing and demonstration projects, there was a critical need to ensure that system designs accounted for driver safety, attention, and workload. The primary objective was to assess the applicability of existing human factors guidelines to these new systems and to identify specific research gaps that needed to be addressed to create comprehensive design standards. To achieve this, the researchers conducted an extensive literature review. They solicited articles and reports by mailing over 500 letters to public and private sector organizations and searching numerous computerized databases. Sources included refereed journals, technical reports on ATIS/CVO, and studies on comparable systems such as aircraft glass cockpits, nuclear power plants, and ships. More than 1,000 articles were collected and prioritized based on their potential value for guideline development. The report presents an annotated bibliography of approximately 300 of the most relevant articles and compiles existing human factors guidelines applicable to ATIS and CVO. The review covered a wide range of topics, including driver information processing demands, visual and auditory display considerations, manual controls, driver demographics (such as older drivers), and acceptance of technology. The findings indicate that while thousands of human factors guidelines exist, only a subset is directly applicable to ATIS and CVO systems. The review revealed that the research status for these systems was mixed; although basic aspects of ITS were still being defined, several human factors issues had already been resolved through initial operational tests in the U.S., Europe, and Japan. The report synthesizes preliminary guidelines derived from published ATIS/CVO research, technical reports, and comparable systems. Key areas addressed include managing driver attention and workload, optimizing visual display characteristics (such as color and location), and designing for specific user populations. However, the review also highlighted significant knowledge gaps, particularly regarding the integration of emerging technologies like various communication methods and display technologies (e.g., LCDs, HUDs) into the driving environment. The significance of this work lies in its role as a foundational document for the subsequent development of precise human factors guidelines. By identifying what is known and what remains unknown, the report provides a roadmap for future empirical research. It concludes that while current data from demonstration projects helps fill some gaps, many research issues must be investigated before a complete set of guidelines can be established. The report emphasizes the need for continued vigilant review of current studies as hardware development progresses and more literature becomes available from ongoing demonstration projects. This systematic approach ensures that the integration of advanced information systems into vehicles prioritizes driver safety and usability.

Key finding

The literature review identified thousands of potentially applicable human factors guidelines but determined that many critical research issues remained unresolved, necessitating further empirical studies to develop comprehensive ATIS and CVO design standards.

Methodology

review

Provenance

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Topics

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• hud ar windshield
• nav systems
• feedback modes
• ehmi external hmi
• in vehicle displays
• vru facing ehmi

Information type

What kind of knowledge this paper contributes, grouped by family — independent of topic (what it is about) and method (how it was studied).

• Applied Guidance: design guidelines
• Methodological Resource: tool software
• Theoretical Contribution: theory or model