DrivingResearch.

Applied Guidance

policy recommendations

Recommendations for law, regulation, or public policy: graduated licensing proposals, cell-phone ban analyses with policy conclusions, enforcement strategy recommendations, regulatory impact discussions, recommendations to agencies or legislatures. The audience is policymakers rather than designers (design_guidelines).

510 paper(s) · newest first · see also all information types

  1. Contribution of the components of graduated licensing to crash reductions ↗ · 2007 · Williams, Allan F. · indexed
  2. Saving Teenage Lives: The Case for Graduated Driver Licensing · 1998 · NHTSA · archived
  3. Enhancing the effectiveness of graduated driver licensing legislation ↗ · 2003 · Foss, Robert et al. · indexed
  4. Effects of New Jersey’s Cell Phone and Text Ban · 2013 · Maher, Ali et al. · archived
  5. The feasibility and effectiveness of provisional and graduated licensing strategies as alternatives to full licensing for young drivers in Virginia. · 1995 · Lynn, Cheryl et al. · archived
  6. An analysis of West Virginia’s graduated driver licensing program. · 2012 · Noble, Alexandria M. et al. · archived
  7. Analysis of West Virginia’s graduated driver licensing program. · 2012 · Noble, Alexandria M. et al. · archived
  8. North American License Policies Workshop Recommendations · 2008 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  9. Crash Reduction Factors for Education and Enforcement · 2007 · Zwahlen, Helmut T. et al. · archived
  10. Countermeasures That Work: A Highway Safety Countermeasure Guide for State Highway Safety Offices, Fourth Edition, 2009 · 2009 · NHTSA · archived
  11. Countermeasures That Work: A Highway Safety Countermeasure Guide for State Highway Safety Offices, Seventh Edition, 2013 · 2013 · Goodwin, Arthur H. et al. · archived
  12. Countermeasures That Work: A Highway Safety Countermeasure Guide For State Highway Safety Offices, Sixth Edition, 2011 · 2011 · NHTSA · archived
  13. Factors Influencing Policy and Political Leadership in Improving Roadway Safety · 2018 · Munnich Jr., Lee W. et al. · archived
  14. Countermeasures That Work: A Highway Safety Countermeasure Guide for State Highway Safety Offices, Eighth Edition, 2015 · 2015 · Goodwin, Arthur H. et al. · archived
  15. Australian Graduated Driver Licensing Systems ↗ · 2009 · Senserrick, Teresa · indexed
  16. Graduated Driver Licensing Research Review, 2010 – Present · 2012 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  17. Graduated Driver Licensing Program · 2023 · Koo, Jeeyen et al. · archived
  18. Countermeasures That Work: A Highway Safety Countermeasure Guide for State Highway Safety Offices, 10th Edition, 2020 · 2021 · Venkatraman, Vindhya et al. · archived
  19. Countermeasures That Work: A Highway Safety Countermeasure Guide for State Highway Safety Offices, Ninth Edition, 2017 · 2018 · Richard, Christian M. et al. · archived
  20. Improving driver safety with behavioral countermeasures. · 2011 · Lenneman, John K. et al. · archived
  21. Cellphone laws and teens’ calling while driving: analysis of repeated cross-sectional surveys in 2013, 2015, and 2017 ↗ · 2020 · Li, Li et al. · indexed
  22. Effectiveness of Oregon’s teen licensing program : final report. · 2008 · Ross, June H. · archived
  23. 2001 traffic safety issues opinion survey. · 2002 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
  24. Next steps for graduated licensing ↗ · 2005 · Williams, A F · indexed
  25. Graduated driver licensing: what works? ↗ · 2002 · McKnight, A J et al. · indexed
  26. Teen Driver Crashes: A Report to Congress · 2008 · Compton, Richard P. et al. · archived
  27. Distracted Driving Enforcement Demonstrations: Lessons Learned · 2020 · Lemaster-Sandbank, Liza et al. · archived
  28. Concerning: ‘Mobile phones and driving’ ↗ · 2005 · Pilkington, Paul · indexed
  29. Effectiveness of Oregon's teen licensing program. · 2008 · Ross, June H. · archived
  30. Distracted Driving: Strategies and State of the Practices · 2019 · Mitran, Elisabeta et al. · archived
  31. Nationwide Review of Graduated Driver Licensing · 2007 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  32. Meta-Analysis of Graduated Driver Licensing Laws: Effectiveness of Specific Program Components [Traffic Tech] · 2015 · NHTSA · archived
  33. Crash Reduction Factors for Education and Enforcement: [executive summary] · 2007 · NHTSA · archived
  34. Evaluating the Enforceability of Texting Laws: Strategies Tested in Connecticut and Massachusetts · 2017 · Retting, Richard et al. · archived
  35. 249 Alaska young driver safety: distracted driving, seat belt use and drinking and driving interventions ↗ · 2016 · Savage, Shannon et al. · indexed
  36. Evaluation of New Jersey’s Graduated Driver Licensing System · 2010 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  37. Graduated driver licensing for reducing motor vehicle crashes among young drivers ↗ · 2004 · Hartling, Lisa et al. · indexed
  38. The association between strengthened cellphone laws and police-reported rear-end crash rates ↗ · 2023 · Reagan, Ian J. et al. · indexed
  39. DO CELL PHONE BANS CHANGE DRIVER BEHAVIOR? ↗ · 2014 · Cheng, Cheng · indexed
  40. Meta-Analysis of Graduated Driver Licensing Laws [Final Report] · 2015 · Masten, Scott V. et al. · archived
  41. Evaluation and Compliance of Passenger Restrictions in a Graduated Driver Licensing Program · 2007 · Chaudhary, Neil K. et al. · archived
  42. Graduated driver licensing for reducing motor vehicle crashes among young drivers ↗ · 2011 · Russell, Kelly F et al. · indexed
  43. Rationale for graduated licensing and the risks it should address ↗ · 2002 · Williams, A F et al. · indexed
  44. Identifying Policy Approaches to Extending the Safe Mobility of Older Adults · 2021 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  45. Improving the Effectiveness of Countermeasures to Prevent Motor Vehicle Crashes among Young Drivers ↗ · 2003 · Simons-Morton, Bruce G. et al. · indexed
  46. Four High-Visibility Enforcement Demonstration Waves in Connecticut and New York Reduce Hand-Held Phone Use · 2011 · Cosgrove, Linda et al. · archived
  47. Anti-Drunk Driving Program Initiatives: A Prospect Assessment of Future Program Needs · 1990 · Bragdon, David et al. · archived
  48. A national evaluation of the nighttime and passenger restriction components of graduated driver licensing ↗ · 2011 · Fell, James C. et al. · indexed
  49. Behavioural Adaptation to Mobile Phone Legislation: Could There Be Unintended Consequences of Partial Bans? · 2009 · Rudin-Brown, Christine M. et al. · archived
  50. Countermeasures for Distracted Driving: An Exploration Beyond the Scientific Literature · 2024 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  51. Research Agenda for an Improved Novice Driver Program · 1994 · NHTSA · archived
  52. GRADUATED DRIVER LICENSING: EFFECTIVENESS OF SYSTEMS AND INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS ↗ · 2003 · Senserrick, Teresa et al. · indexed
  53. Compendium of Traffic Safety Research Projects: 1985-1995 and Beyond · 1996 · NHTSA · archived
  54. Graduated driver licensing and safer driving ↗ · 2003 · McKnight, A.James et al. · indexed
  55. National Evaluation of Graduated Driver Licensing Programs · 2006 · Baker, Susan P. et al. · archived
  56. Graduated driver licensing restrictions: awareness, compliance, and enforcement in North Carolina ↗ · 2004 · Goodwin, Arthur H. et al. · indexed
  57. Research Agenda for an Improved Novice Driver Education Program · 1994 · Smith, Michael F. · archived
  58. Evaluation of California's graduated driver licensing program ↗ · 2004 · Masten, Scott V. et al. · indexed
  59. Countermeasures That Work – Young Drivers [Traffic Tech] · 2021 · Watson, Christine E · archived
  60. Improving graduated driver licensing systems: A conceptual approach and its implications ↗ · 2007 · Foss, Robert D. · indexed
  61. Driver License Testing of Young Novice Drivers [Traffic Tech] · 2010 · NHTSA · archived
  62. Evaluation of NHTSA Distracted Driving Demonstration Projects in Connecticut and New York · 2012 · Chaudhary, Neil K. et al. · archived
  63. Do Distracted Driving Laws Impact Cell Phone Usage on (Preventable) Outcomes While Driving: A Systematic Review of the Last 20 Years? ↗ · 2020 · Bhuiya, Nudar et al. · indexed
  64. Association between cellphone use while driving legislation and self-reported behaviour among adult drivers in USA: a cross-sectional study ↗ · 2019 · Rudisill, Toni Marie et al. · indexed
  65. 2007 Motor Vehicle Occupant Safety Survey: Driver Education and Graduated Driver Licensing [Traffic Safety Facts] · 2008 · NHTSA · archived
  66. PW 2529 Extending graduated driver licensing policy to older novice drivers: a critical analysis of current evidence ↗ · 2018 · Curry, Allison E et al. · indexed
  67. Graduated driver licensing: Review of evaluation results since 2002 ↗ · 2007 · Shope, Jean T. · indexed
  68. Graduated driver licensing research in 2004 and 2005 ↗ · 2005 · Hedlund, James et al. · indexed
  69. Other high-risk factors for young drivers—how graduated licensing does, doesn't, or could address them ↗ · 2003 · Ferguson, Susan A. · indexed
  70. Why drivers use cell phones and support legislation to restrict this practice · 2016 · Strayer, David L. · archived
  71. Effectiveness of Cell Phone Restrictions for Young Drivers: Review of the Evidence ↗ · 2016 · Ehsani, Johnathon P. et al. · indexed
  72. Understanding the Effects of Distracted Driving and Developing Strategies to Reduce Resulting Deaths and Injuries: A Report to Congress · 2013 · Vegega, Maria et al. · archived
  73. Car telephone use and road safety : an overview prepared for the European Commission · 2009 · NHTSA · archived
  74. Countermeasures That Work, 10th Edition [Traffic Tech] · 2021 · NHTSA · archived
  75. Teen Driver Cell Phone Blocker · 2012 · Benden, Mark et al. · archived
  76. Distracted Driving Laws and Motor Vehicle Crash Fatalities ↗ · 2020 · Flaherty, Michael R. et al. · indexed
  77. Evaluation of Arizona’s statewide handheld cellphone ban using roadside observation and telematics data ↗ · 2026 · Reagan, Ian J. et al. · indexed
  78. Effects of a Driver Cellphone Ban on Overall, Handheld, and Hands-Free Cellphone Use While Driving: New Evidence from Canada ↗ · 2014 · Carpenter, Christopher S. et al. · indexed
  79. Process Overview of the High-Visibility Enforcement Programs Targeting Handheld Device Users in California and Delaware · 2015 · NHTSA · archived
  80. Recent developments in young driver education, training and licensing in Australia ↗ · 2007 · Senserrick, Teresa M. · indexed
  81. Task Force Implementation Guidelines for the Development of State and Community Alcohol Highway Safety Programs · 1984 · NHTSA · archived
  82. Evaluation of NHTSA Distracted Driving High-Visibility Enforcement Demonstration Projects in California and Delaware · 2015 · Chaudhary, Neil K. et al. · archived
  83. Experiences of Teen Drivers and Their Advice for the Learner License Phase ↗ · 2014 · Bridie Scott‐Parker · indexed
  84. A Comparative Analysis of State Traffic Safety Countermeasures and Implications for Progress “Toward Zero Deaths” in the United States [Traffic Safety Facts] – Research Note · 2017 · Sung, Jonathan et al. · archived
  85. Evaluation of the Kentucky Graduated Driver Licensing System · 2001 · Agent, K. R. et al. · archived
  86. Youth perspectives on distracted driving and hands-free laws ↗ · 2026 · Downer, Carson et al. · indexed
  87. Why drivers use cell phones and support legislation to restrict this practice : research brief. · 2017 · Strayer, David L. · archived
  88. Estimating young novice drivers' compliance with graduated driver licensing restrictions: A novel approach ↗ · 2016 · Curry, Allison E. · indexed
  89. Two Community Distracted Driving Programs Reduce Hand-Held Phone Use [Traffic Tech] · 2014 · NHTSA · archived
  90. DMV Impact on Highway Safety of Multiple Driver License Withdrawal Systems Research. · 2002 · Ferreri, Jack et al. · archived
  91. Driver Education and Licensing Programs · 2018 · Bates, Lyndel Judith et al. · archived
  92. Birmingham MPO: Behavioral Safety · 2019 · NHTSA · archived
  93. Graduated driver licensing research in 2003 and beyond ↗ · 2004 · Hedlund, James et al. · indexed
  94. Better Integrating Driver Education and Training within a New Graduated Driver Licensing Framework in North America ↗ · 2016 · Mayhew, Daniel R. et al. · indexed
  95. Increasing Teen Safety Belt Use: A Program and Literature Review · 2005 · Fell, James C. et al. · archived
  96. The Role of Supervised Driving Requirements in Graduated Driver Licensing Programs · 2012 · Foss, Robert D. et al. · archived
  97. Preliminary evaluation of the North Carolina graduated driver licensing system : effects on young driver crashes · 2000 · NHTSA · archived
  98. Action Plan for Implementation of the Strategic Highway Safety Plan for Alabama · 2007 · Brown, David et al. · archived
  99. Graduated Driver Licensing : An international review ↗ · 2014 · Bates, Lyndel J. et al. · indexed
  100. Analysis of autonomous vehicle policies. · 2017 · Gibson, Bryan · archived
  101. Graduated Driver Licensing in Georgia: The Impact of the Teenage and Adult Driver Responsibility Act (TADRA) [Full Report] · 2006 · Kellermann, Arthur L. et al. · archived
  102. Beginning teenage drivers · 2010 · NHTSA · archived
  103. Evaluation of Driver Education in South Dakota · 2011 · Braunstein, Rich et al. · archived
  104. Extent and Effects of Handheld Cellular Telephone Use While Driving · 2001 · Crawford, Jason A. et al. · archived
  105. Applying successfully proven measures in roadway safety to reduce harmful collisions in SC. · 2017 · Ogle, Jennifer H et al. · archived
  106. Automated enforcement and highway safety : final report. · 2013 · Herbel, Susan et al. · archived
  107. An evaluation of graduated driver licensing programs in North America using a meta-analytic approach ↗ · 2009 · Vanlaar, Ward et al. · indexed
  108. Aggressive Driving Enforcement: Strategies for Implementing Best Practices · 2000 · NHTSA · archived
  109. “you can’t be deterred by stuff you don’t know about”: Identifying factors that influence graduated driver licensing rule compliance ↗ · 2019 · Truelove, V. et al. · indexed
  110. Technology Transfer: Distracted Driving, Overview Summary of Ways to Alleviate · 2017 · Peters, Robert et al. · archived
  111. The impact of changes to the NSW graduated driver licensing system on subsequent crash and offense experience ↗ · 2019 · Siskind, Victor et al. · indexed
  112. Do Advisory Letters Engage Parents in Teen Driver Safety? · 2024 · Vachal, Kimberly · archived
  113. A Guide for Statewide Impaired-Driving Task Forces · 2009 · Fell, James C. et al. · archived
  114. Safety Belts: The Uncollected Dividends: A Manual for Use by State Legislators and State Officials on Techniques to Increase Safety Belt Usage · 1977 · Wailer, Patricia F. et al. · archived
  115. Cell phone use while driving in North Carolina : 2002 update report · 2002 · Stutts, Jane C. et al. · archived
  116. Discretion, negotiation and legality: What can policing contribute to reducing the harm caused by distracted driving? ↗ · 2025 · Briggs, Gemma et al. · indexed
  117. Distracted Driving High-Visibility Enforcement Demonstrations in California and Delaware [Traffic Tech] · 2014 · NHTSA · archived
  118. Changes in Alcohol-Involved Fatal Crashes Associated with Tougher State Alcohol Legislation · 1989 · Klein, Terry M. · archived
  119. Support for distracted driving laws: An analysis of adolescent drivers from the Traffic Safety Culture Index from 2011 to 2017 ↗ · 2021 · Pope, Caitlin N. et al. · indexed
  120. Comparison of older and younger novice driver crash rates: Informing the need for extended Graduated Driver Licensing restrictions ↗ · 2017 · Curry, Allison E. et al. · indexed
  121. Improving traffic safety culture in Iowa : phase II. · 2013 · Albrecht, Chris et al. · archived
  122. Licensing Age and Teenage Driver Crashes: A Review of the Evidence ↗ · 2009 · Williams, Allan F. · indexed
  123. Selected State Policies and Associations With Alcohol Use Behaviors and Risky Driving Behaviors Among Youth: Findings from Monitoring the Future Study ↗ · 2016 · Patricia Cavazos‐Rehg et al. · indexed
  124. Effectiveness of Distracted Driving Countermeasures: An Expanded and Updated Review of the Scientific and Gray Literatures · 2022 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety et al. · archived
  125. Driver License Manuals Best Practices: Final Report · 2005 · Meyers, Deborah et al. · archived
  126. Understanding crash potential associated with teen driving: Survey analysis using multivariate graphical method ↗ · 2019 · Das, Subasish · indexed
  127. Driver education and graduated licensing in North America: Past, present, and future ↗ · 2007 · Mayhew, Daniel R. · indexed
  128. Effectiveness of Distracted Driving Countermeasures: A Review of the Literature · 2019 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  129. Adolescent driver risk taking and driver education: Evidence of a mobility bias in public policymaking ↗ · 2003 · Hirsch, Pierro · indexed
  130. Guidance to Promote Family Rules and Workplace Policies to Reduce Cell Phone Use While Driving and Promote Engaged Driving · 2021 · Otto, Jay et al. · archived
  131. Cell phone use while driving in North Carolina · 2001 · Reinfurt, Donald W. et al. · archived
  132. Legislative priorities for transportation safety in Virginia : a pilot application of a modified delphi technique : final report. · 1985 · Ginsburg, Jessica A · archived
  133. Older Novice Driver Crashes in New Jersey: Informing the Need for Extending Graduated Driver Licensing Restrictions · 2017 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  134. An investigation of the safety implications of wireless communications in vehicles · 1997 · NHTSA · archived
  135. The Building Blocks of Driver Distraction Policy ↗ · 2011 · McGehee, Daniel V. · indexed
  136. M-CASTL 2008 synthesis report : volume 2, teen driver safety. · 2008 · Eby, David W. et al. · archived
  137. Talking on hands-free and handheld cellphones while driving in association with handheld phone bans ↗ · 2022 · Benedetti, Marco H. et al. · indexed
  138. Compendium of Research and Evaluations in Traffic Safety Published · 1996 · NHTSA · archived
  139. The Effect of Extending Graduated Driver Licensing to Older Novice Drivers in Indiana · 2019 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  140. Parent involvement in novice teen driving: Rationale, evidence of effects, and potential for enhancing graduated driver licensing effectiveness ↗ · 2007 · Simons-Morton, Bruce · indexed
  141. Cell Phones and Driving: Review of Research ↗ · 2006 · McCartt, Anne T. et al. · indexed
  142. Documenting How States Recently Upgraded to Primary Seat Belt Laws · 2011 · St. Louis, Renee M. et al. · archived
  143. Graduated drivers licensing and traffic injury-attributable emergency department visits in Alberta, an interrupted time series study ↗ · 2026 · Benny, Claire et al. · indexed
  144. Countermeasures That Work – Distracted Driving [Traffic Tech] · 2021 · Blenner, J A · archived
  145. The Highway Safety Desk Book · 1999 · NHTSA · archived
  146. Taking the right course: The possibilities and challenges of offering alternatives to prosecution for drivers detected using mobile phones while driving ↗ · 2022 · Savigar-Shaw, Leanne et al. · indexed
  147. Parent involvement in novice teen driving: a review of the literature ↗ · 2006 · Simons-Morton, B et al. · indexed
  148. Initial Effects of Graduated Driver Licensing on 16-Year-Old Driver Crashes in North Carolina ↗ · 2001 · Foss, Robert D. · indexed
  149. Buckle Up Phone Down in Jackson, Mississippi and Sioux Falls, South Dakota [Traffic Tech] · 2026 · Tucker, Annette et al. · archived
  150. Evaluation of Buckle Up Phone Down in Jackson, Mississippi, and Sioux Falls, South Dakota · 2026 · Raymond, Paula D. et al. · archived
  151. Associations Between Selected State Laws and Teenagers' Drinking and Driving Behaviors ↗ · 2012 · Patricia Cavazos‐Rehg et al. · indexed
  152. Smartphone Use While Driving: An Investigation of Young Novice Driver (YND) Behaviour ↗ · 2021 · Jannusch, Tim et al. · indexed
  153. Reducing young driver road trauma: guidance and optimism for the future: Figure 1 ↗ · 2006 · Senserrick, Teresa · indexed
  154. Process and Outcome Evaluation: The Buckle Up America Initiatives · 2001 · Solomon, M. G. (Mark Geoffrey) et al. · archived
  155. The Role of Supervised Driving in a Graduated Driver Licensing Program [Traffic Tech] · 2012 · NHTSA · archived
  156. Parenting style, young driver compliance and the imposition of additional driving restrictions within graduated driver licensing systems · 2020 · Bates, Lyndel et al. · archived
  157. A Fresh Look at Driver Education in America · 2012 · Thomas, F. Dennis et al. · archived
  158. Advancing Drugged Driving Data at the State Level: Synthesis of Barriers and Expert Panel Recommendations · 2016 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  159. The Impact of Michigan's Text Messaging Restriction on Motor Vehicle Crashes ↗ · 2014 · Ehsani, Johnathon P. et al. · indexed
  160. Effectiveness of implementing a Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) law among young Serbian drivers ↗ · 2022 · Stanojević, Predrag et al. · indexed
  161. Young driver perceptions of police traffic enforcement and self-reported driving offences · 2016 · Bates, Lyndel Judith et al. · archived
  162. State all-driver distracted driving laws and high school students'  texting while driving behavior ↗ · 2015 · Qiao, Nan et al. · indexed
  163. A Fresh Look at the State of Driver Education in America [Traffic Tech] · 2012 · NHTSA · archived
  164. Occupant Protection Special Traffic Enforcement Program Evaluation · 1999 · Solomon, M. G. (Mark Geoffrey) et al. · archived
  165. Identifying at-risk drivers : a survey of state programs : final report. · 1990 · Alcee, Janice V et al. · archived
  166. North Carolina speed management recommendations for action. · 2013 · Thomas, Libby et al. · archived
  167. Association of Graduated Driver Licensing With Driver, Non-Driver, and Total Fatalities Among Adolescents ↗ · 2016 · Zhu, Motao et al. · indexed
  168. Strategic Highway Safety Plan for Alabama · 2006 · Benifield, Waymon et al. · archived
  169. Graduated driver licensing and teenage driver research in 2006 ↗ · 2006 · Hedlund, James et al. · indexed
  170. Do Recommended Driving Limits Affect Teen-Reported Traffic Violations and Crashes During the First 12 Months of Independent Driving? ↗ · 2006 · Simons-Morton, Bruce et al. · indexed
  171. Establishing a methodology to evaluate teen driver-training programs. · 2013 · Trimble, Tammy E. et al. · archived
  172. Evaluation of Community-Oriented Enforcement Demonstration Projects · 2023 · Decina, Lawrence E. et al. · archived
  173. Summary Report: Field Test of Combined Speed, Alcohol, and Safety Belt Enforcement Strategies · 1995 · Jones, R et al. · archived
  174. Youth Driving without Impairment: Report on the Youth Impaired Driving, Public Hearings: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Fort Worth, Seattle · 1988 · NHTSA · archived
  175. 528 Will graduated driving licencing have mixed results for reducing road injury? A qualitative study in the UK ↗ · 2016 · Green, Judith et al. · indexed
  176. The Iowa graduated driver licensing program: Effectiveness in reducing crashes of teenage drivers ↗ · 2008 · Neyens, David M. et al. · indexed
  177. Addressing the Safety Issues Related to Younger and Older Drivers: A Report to Congress, January 19, 1993 on the Research Agenda of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration · 1993 · NHTSA · archived
  178. The New Zealand graduated driver licensing system: teenagers' attitudes towards and experiences with this car driver licensing system. ↗ · 1995 · Begg, D. J. et al. · indexed
  179. Financial status and travel time to driving schools as barriers to obtaining a young driver license in a state with comprehensive young driver licensing policy ↗ · 2023 · Dong, Xiaoxia et al. · indexed
  180. California's graduated driver license law: Effect on teenage drivers' deaths through 2005 ↗ · 2007 · Males, Mike · indexed
  181. Improving safety of teenage and young adult drivers in Kansas : [technical summary]. · 2013 · Dissanayake, Sunanda et al. · archived
  182. Survey Reveals Public Open to Ban on Hand-Held Cell Phone Use and Texting · 2013 · Guarino, Jenny · archived
  183. Coordinating State Policies, Laws, and Regulations for Automated Driving Systems Across New England · 2022 · Rodriguez, Greg et al. · archived
  184. Lower BAC Limits for Youth: Evaluation of the Maryland .02 Law [Final Report] · 1992 · Blomberg, Richard D. · archived
  185. National Reported Patterns of Driver Cell Phone Use in the United States ↗ · 2010 · Braitman, Keli A. et al. · indexed
  186. A Critical Examination of the Arguments Against Raising the Car Driver Licensing Age in New Zealand ↗ · 2009 · Begg, Dorothy et al. · indexed
  187. Conference proceedings of the Northeast Autonomous Vehicle Summit. · 2017 · Simler, Tara et al. · archived
  188. The Effectiveness of Driver Education and Information Programs in the State of Nevada · 2014 · Paz-Cruz, Alexander et al. · archived
  189. Characteristics of driver cell phone use and their influence on driving performance: A naturalistic driving study ↗ · 2020 · Wang, Xuesong et al. · indexed
  190. Graduated driver licensing: the New Zealand experience ↗ · 2003 · Begg, Dorothy et al. · indexed
  191. Generational Perspective on Teen and Older Drivers on Traffic Safety in Rural and Urban Communities · 2008 · Manser, Michael P. et al. · archived
  192. Learning to Drive Safely: Reasonable Expectations and Future Directions for the Learner Period ↗ · 2016 · Bruce G. Simons‐Morton et al. · indexed
  193. Review of the Literature Evaluating the Effect of Countermeasures to Reduce Alcohol Impaired Driving (1980–1989). Volume 1, Synthesis · 1991 · Jones, R. K. (Ralph K.) et al. · archived
  194. Guidelines for Developing a High-Visibility Enforcement Campaign to Reduce Unsafe Driving Behaviors among Drivers of Passenger and Commercial Motor Vehicles: A Selective Traffic Enforcement Program (STEP) Based on the Ticketing Aggressive Cars and Trucks (TACT) Pilot Project · 2007 · NHTSA · archived
  195. Legislative History of .08 Per Se Laws · 2001 · Rodriguez-Iglesias, C. et al. · archived
  196. Distracted driving: prevalence, problems, and prevention ↗ · 2014 · Overton, Tiffany L. et al. · indexed
  197. Evaluating a Package of Interventions to Improve Young Driver Safety ↗ · 2013 · Graham, Paul · indexed
  198. Evaluating a Package of Interventions to Improve Young Driver Safety ↗ · 2013 · Graham, Paul · indexed
  199. Social Influences Among Young Drivers on Talking on the Mobile Phone While Driving ↗ · 2010 · Riquelme, Hernán et al. · indexed
  200. Overview of Automated Enforcement in Transportation · 1998 · Turner, Shawn et al. · archived
  201. Older Driver Licensing Policies and Practices Database Update · 2020 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  202. Tracking progress in teenage driver crash risk in the United States since the advent of graduated driver licensing programs ↗ · 2015 · McCartt, Anne T. et al. · indexed
  203. Are Age-Based Licensing Restrictions a Meaningful Way to Enhance Rural Older Driver Safety? The Need for Exposure Considerations in Policy Development ↗ · 2011 · Hanson, Trevor R. et al. · indexed
  204. The relationship between vehicle performance and novice driver crash involvement ↗ · 2012 · Palamara, Peter et al. · indexed
  205. Impaired-Driving Leadership Model – Findings Based on Three State Case Studies [Final Report] · 2018 · Coleman, Heidi et al. · archived
  206. Design of an Evaluation Plan for Senate Bill 1046 · 2022 · Chierichetti, Maria et al. · archived
  207. Why drivers use cell phones and support legislation to restrict this practice. · 2017 · Sanbonmatsu, David M. et al. · archived
  208. Primary Enforcement Seat Belt Laws · 1996 · NHTSA · archived
  209. Young Driver Crashes in Louisiana: Understanding the Contributing Factors to Decrease the Numbers · 2021 · Mitran, Elisabeta et al. · archived
  210. Toward Greater Understanding of the Relationship between Public Perceptions of Speed, Speed Laws, and Safety · 2018 · Douma, Frank et al. · archived
  211. Cell Phones and Young Drivers: A Systematic Review Regarding the Association Between Psychological Factors and Prevention ↗ · 2013 · Cazzulino, Francesca et al. · indexed
  212. Selective Traffic Enforcement Program for Occupant Restraints · 1987 · Rood, Debra H. et al. · archived
  213. State of Montana impaired driver assessment, October 22-26, 2001 · 2002 · NHTSA · archived
  214. Strategic Evaluation States Initiative: Case Studies of Alaska, Georgia, and West Virginia · 2008 · Syner, Joey et al. · archived
  215. Advancing Drugged Driving Data at the State Level: State-by-State Assessment · 2018 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  216. Vision Zero · 2012 · Belin, Matts-Åke et al. · archived
  217. Parents' views of teen driving risks, the role of parents, and how they plan to manage the risks ↗ · 2006 · Williams, Allan F. et al. · indexed
  218. Manual for a Selective Traffic Enforcement Program for Alcohol-Related Motor Vehicle Crashes · 1972 · NHTSA · archived
  219. Long-Term Effects of More Punitive Legislation Concerning the Use of Mobile Phone During Driving in Portugal ↗ · 2007 · Godinho, Mário B · indexed
  220. Review of Automated Vehicle Technology: Policy and Implementation Implications · 2016 · McGehee, Daniel V. et al. · archived
  221. Analyzing the First Years of the Click It or Ticket Mobilizations · 2010 · Tison, Julie et al. · archived
  222. An Assessment of the Effects of Implementing and Publicizing Administrative License Revocation for DWI in Nevada · 1990 · Lacey, J. J. et al. · archived
  223. Evaluation of New Jersey's Graduated Driver Licensing Program ↗ · 2010 · Williams, Allan F. et al. · indexed
  224. Summary Report: Comparative Effectiveness of Alternative Smartphone-Based Nudges to Reduce Cellphone Use While Driving: Final Report · 2022 · Ebert, Jeffrey et al. · archived
  225. Cell Phoning and Texting While Driving ↗ · 2015 · Telemaque, Judy Honoria Rosaire et al. · indexed
  226. Look Who's Talking! A Roadside Survey of Drivers’ Cell Phone Use ↗ · 2010 · Young, Kristie L. et al. · indexed
  227. Strategies for Medical Advisory Boards and Licensing Review · 2005 · Lococo, Kathy H. et al. · archived
  228. The constitutionality and effectiveness of legislation requiring child passenger restraints. · 1982 · Regan, Daniel John · archived
  229. Determining a dosage threshold of drink‐driving enforcement operations: A systematic review ↗ · 2022 · O'Hara, Sharon E. et al. · indexed
  230. Graduated Driver Licensing for New Drivers ↗ · 2013 · Ehsani, Johnathon P. et al. · indexed
  231. Slow Down, Move Over Laws: Investigating Factors Influencing Drivers’ Behavior and Compliance · 2025 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  232. Evaluation of Seven Publicized Enforcement Demonstration Programs to Reduce Impaired Driving: Georgia, Louisiana, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Indiana, and Michigan · 2008 · Fell, James C. et al. · archived
  233. Graduated Driver Licensing in Georgia: The Impact of the Teenage and Adult Driver Responsibility Act (TADRA) [Traffic Tech] · 2007 · NHTSA · archived
  234. An introductory handbook for state task forces to combat drunk driving. · 1983 · Lynn, Cheryl et al. · archived
  235. Exemption of behind-the-wheel driving test for novice young drivers: A serious public health concern · 2020 · Bari, Imran et al. · archived
  236. Exemption of behind-the-wheel driving test for novice young drivers: A serious public health concern · 2020 · Bari, Imran et al. · archived
  237. Orientation Sessions for Parents of Young Novice Drivers: An Assessment of U.S. Programs and Recommendations · 2018 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  238. Driver license renewal policies and fatal crash involvement rates of older drivers, United States, 1986–2011 · 2014 · Tefft, Brian C · archived
  239. Nonprogression Through Graduated Driver Licensing: Characteristics, Traffic Offending, and Reasons for Nonprogression ↗ · 2012 · Langley, John et al. · indexed
  240. North Dakota Statewide Traffic Safety Survey, 2010 : Issue Brief, August 2010 · 2010 · NHTSA · archived
  241. Effect of Drivers Education on Traffic Safety: GDL-Mandated Comprehensive Driver Training Reduces Young Novice Drivers’ Involvement in Seriously Injurious and Fatal Crashes · 2025 · Dong, Xiaoxia et al. · archived
  242. Letter to the Editor: Review of the Graduated Driver Licensing Programs in Australasia ↗ · 2018 · Middleton, Nicole et al. · indexed
  243. Examining the Safety Implications of Later Licensure: Crash Rates of Older vs. Younger Novice Drivers Before and After Graduated Driver Licensing · 2014 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  244. Public Supports Traffic Safety Laws and Their Active Enforcement · 1996 · NHTSA · archived
  245. Alcohol Policy: Gaps between Legislative Action and Current Research ↗ · 2000 · Wagenaar, Alexander C. et al. · indexed
  246. State of Tennessee strategic highway safety plan · 2007 · NHTSA · archived
  247. Adolescent, and their parents, attitudes towards graduated driver licensing and subsequent risky driving and crashes in young adulthood ↗ · 2011 · Brookland, Rebecca et al. · indexed
  248. Administrative License Revocation · 1996 · NHTSA · archived
  249. Update of Vehicle Sanction Laws and Their Application: Volume I, Summary · 2008 · Voas, Robert B. et al. · archived
  250. Obstacles to Enforcement of Youthful (under 21) Impaired Driving · 1992 · Preusser, David F. et al. · archived
  251. Effects of Age and Experience on Young Driver Crashes: Review of Recent Literature ↗ · 2009 · McCartt, Anne T. et al. · indexed
  252. A novel program to enhance safety for young drivers in Israel ↗ · 2007 · Lotan, Tsippy et al. · indexed
  253. High-Visibility Enforcement: Assessing Change and Identifying Opportunities · 2021 · Byrne, Angie et al. · archived
  254. Alcohol and Highway Safety 2006: A Review of the State of Knowledge · 2011 · Voas, Robert B. et al. · archived
  255. Evaluation of Five Years of GM Funding for Public Information and Education Programs · 2009 · Blomberg, Richard D. et al. · archived
  256. Licensing Authorities' Options for Managing Older Driver Safety—Practical Advice from the Researchers: Commentary ↗ · 2008 · Snook, Kim et al. · indexed
  257. Using event-triggered naturalistic data to examine the prevalence of teen driver distractions in rear-end crashes ↗ · 2016 · Carney, Cher et al. · indexed
  258. RESPONSE: Review of the Graduated Driver Licensing Programs in Australasia ↗ · 2018 · Scott-Parker, Bridie et al. · indexed
  259. A comparison of the cell-phone driver and the drunk driver · 2006 · Strayer, D. L. et al. · archived
  260. Management of Functionally Impaired Drivers · 2006 · Leonard, Kathleen M. et al. · archived
  261. Motorcycle Operator Licensing System · 1997 · NHTSA · archived
  262. Countermeasures That Work, Seventh Edition [Traffic Tech] · 2013 · NHTSA · archived
  263. Cellphone-distracted crashes of novice teen drivers: Understanding associations of contributing factors for crash severity levels and cellphone usage types ↗ · 2022 · Das, Subasish · indexed
  264. Site Report: Wichita, Kansas Field Test of Combined Speed, Alcohol, and Safety Belt Enforcement Strategies · 1995 · Jones, R. K. (Ralph K.) et al. · archived
  265. Highway safety attitudes of Virginians : Results of the 1977 highway safety public opinion poll, final Report. · 1978 · Lynn, Cheryl · archived
  266. The Problem of “Driving while Stoned” Demands an Aggressive Public Policy Response ↗ · 2018 · Larkin, Paul J. · indexed
  267. Identification and Development of Countermeasures for Bicyclist/Motor-Vehicle Problem Types. Volume 3, Model Regulations · 1982 · Blomberg, Richard D. et al. · archived
  268. Evaluation of Click It or Ticket Model Programs · 2002 · Solomon, M. G. (Mark Geoffrey) et al. · archived
  269. Zero Tolerance Laws for Youth: Four States’ Experience · 2000 · Lacey, John H. et al. · archived
  270. A survey of driver improvement programs in the fifty states : final report. · 1991 · Lynn, Cheryl et al. · archived
  271. Distracted Driving Using Mobile Phone ↗ · 2021 · Ali, Atheer Muhammed · indexed
  272. Statement of Diane K. Steed, Deputy Administrator, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, before the Subcommittee on Courts, Senate Committee on the Judiciary · 1981 · Steed, Diane K. · archived
  273. Speed enforcement program guidelines · 2008 · NHTSA · archived
  274. A comparative policy analysis of seat belt laws : final report. · 2014 · McGehee, Daniel V. et al. · archived
  275. Evaluation of Child Safety Seat Enforcement Strategies · 1989 · NHTSA · archived
  276. Autonomous Vehicle Technology: A Guide for Policymakers ↗ · 2014 · Anderson, James M. et al. · indexed
  277. Risk Perceptions of Mobile Phone Use While Driving ↗ · 2004 · White, Mathew P. et al. · indexed
  278. Putting Children First · 2000 · NHTSA · archived
  279. Booster Seat Law Enforcement: Examples from Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Washington · 2010 · Decina, Lawrence E. et al. · archived
  280. Feasibility Study on Evaluating Driver Education Curriculum · 2009 · Williams, Allan F. et al. · archived
  281. R8: A Comprehensive Program to Help Parents of New Drivers in North Carolina [Slides] · 2021 · Goodwin, Arthur · archived
  282. Keeping an Eye on Distracted Driving ↗ · 2013 · Coben, Jeffrey H. et al. · indexed
  283. Deterrence of the Drinking Driver: An International Survey · 1981 · Ross, H. Laurence (Hugh Laurence) · archived
  284. Unlicensed driving among young drivers in North Carolina: a quasi-induced exposure analysis · 2022 · Wang, Yudan Chen et al. · archived
  285. Development of Methodology for Defining a Pattern of Drivers Mobile Phone Usage While Driving ↗ · 2022 · Čolić, Petar et al. · indexed
  286. Building Community Support for Impaired-Driving Enforcement · 2023 · George, Michael D · archived
  287. Cell Phones and Motor Vehicle Fatalities Final Report · 2016 · Shoag, Daniel et al. · archived
  288. High-Visibility Enforcement: Assessing Change and Identifying Opportunities [Traffic Tech] · 2021 · NHTSA · archived
  289. More Cops More Stops: Evaluation of a Combined Enforcement Program in Oklahoma and Tennessee · 2016 · Nichols, James L. et al. · archived
  290. Melbourne Drivers’ Observed Use of Mobile Phones: Could there be Unintended Consequences of Partial Bans? ↗ · 2017 · Rudin-Brown, Christina M. et al. · indexed
  291. Drunk Driving Laws and Enforcement: An Assessment of Effectiveness · 1986 · NHTSA · archived
  292. Graduated driver licensing and motor vehicle crashes involving teenage drivers: an exploratory age-stratified meta-analysis ↗ · 2012 · Zhu, Motao et al. · indexed
  293. Timing of Driver’s License Acquisition and Reasons for Delay among Young People in the United States, 2012 · 2013 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  294. Achieving a High Seat Belt Use Rate: A Guide for Selective Traffic Enforcement Programs · 2001 · NHTSA · archived
  295. Evaluation of Community-Oriented Enforcement Demonstration Projects [Traffic Tech] · 2023 · NHTSA · archived
  296. Cell Phone Use and Crash Risk ↗ · 2013 · Kidd, David G. et al. · indexed
  297. Older Driver Compliance with License Restrictions · 2018 · Joyce, John et al. · archived
  298. Nighttime Seat Belt Enforcement: A How-To Guide and Case Study Summary · 2024 · Miller, Richard J et al. · archived
  299. Commentary: Teenage Driver Fatal Crash Rate Trends: What Do They Reveal? ↗ · 2013 · Williams, Allan F. · indexed
  300. Building Community Support for Seat Belt Enforcement: Implementation of Buckle Up Like a Champion Today in Norman, Oklahoma · 2023 · Lococo, Kathy H. et al. · archived
  301. Driver License Renewal Policies and Fatal Crash Involvement Rates of Older Drivers, United States, 1985–2011 · 2014 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  302. How to Save Lives and Reduce Injuries: A Citizen Activist Guide to Effectively Fight Drunk Driving · 1982 · NHTSA · archived
  303. Carrots, Sticks and Sermons: State Policy Tools for Influencing Adoption and Acceptance of New Vehicle Safety Systems ↗ · 2018 · Belin, Matts-Åke et al. · indexed
  304. An Evaluation of Restricted Licensing for North Carolina’s Older Drivers · 2000 · Stutts, JC et al. · archived
  305. Commentary on Goodman, Tijerina, Bents, and Wierwille, "Using Cellular Telephones in Vehicles: Safe or Unsafe?" ↗ · 1999 · Moray, Neville · indexed
  306. Speed Safety Camera Program Planning and Operations Guide · 2023 · NHTSA · archived
  307. Assessment of the Role of Training and Licensing Systems in Changing the Young Driver's Behavior ↗ · 2014 · Barua, Sudip · indexed
  308. Cell phone users, reported crash risk, unsafe driving behaviors and dispositions: A survey of motorists in Maryland ↗ · 2007 · Beck, Kenneth H. et al. · indexed
  309. Elderly and young drivers’ reaction to an in-car enforcement and tutoring system · 1999 · de Waard, Dick et al. · archived
  310. Cost-Benefit Analysis of Administrative License Suspensions · 1991 · Lacey, John H. et al. · archived
  311. Combining Enforcement and Public Information to Deter DWI: The Experience of Three Communities · 1990 · Lacey, John H. et al. · archived
  312. Enforcement, Adjudication and Public Information Strategies for the General Deterrence of Driving While Intoxicated: Information for Potential Field Site Participants · 1982 · Anderson, Theodore E. et al. · archived
  313. Licensing Procedures and Older Drivers [Traffic Tech] · 2013 · NHTSA · archived
  314. Speed enforcement camera systems operational guidelines · 2008 · NHTSA · archived
  315. Effectiveness and Efficiencies in Police Traffic Services Programs · 1982 · Traynor, Brian G. et al. · archived
  316. World experience of legal regulation of road safety · 2021 · Pastukh, Igor et al. · archived
  317. Fatal Distraction? A Comparison of the Cell-phone Driver and the Drunk Driver · 2003 · Strayer, David L. et al. · archived
  318. Evaluation of Rear-Seat Belt Laws · 2022 · Chaudhary, Neil K. et al. · archived
  319. Persistence of effects of a brief intervention on parental restrictions of teen driving privileges · 2003 · Simons-Morton, B G et al. · archived
  320. The 2006 National Labor Day Impaired Driving Enforcement Crackdown: Drunk Driving. Over the Limit. Under Arrest · 2008 · Solomon, M. G. (Mark Geoffrey) et al. · archived
  321. The 2007 PSI lecture: Is Ireland ready for a change in drink-driving legislation? ↗ · 2007 · Fuller, Ray et al. · indexed
  322. Attitudes of Virginians toward transportation safety : results of the 1978 transportation safety opinion poll : final report. · 1979 · Lynn, Cheryl · archived
  323. Impact of Georgia's teenage and adult driver responsibility act: 15-year follow-up ↗ · 2015 · Thompson, Nancy J. et al. · indexed
  324. Evaluation of Use and Lose Laws · 2001 · Ulmer, Robert G. et al. · archived
  325. Parental perceptions of teen driving: Restrictions, worry and influence · 2016 · Jewett, Amy et al. · archived
  326. Evaluation of a County Enforcement Program with a Primary Seat Belt Ordinance: St. Louis County, Missouri · 2010 · Nichols, J. L. et al. · archived
  327. Young Driver Licensing in New Jersey: Rates and Trends, 2006-2011 · 2014 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  328. Policy pathways to vehicle automation: Industry perspectives on the role of public policy in autonomous vehicle development ↗ · 2013 · Baker, Richard T. et al. · indexed
  329. DAN-Report. Results of EU-Project: Description and Analysis of Post Licensing Measures for Novice Drivers ↗ · 2000 · G · indexed
  330. Targets of Opportunity: Community Based Alcohol Programs · 1988 · Anikeeff, Pamela Tatiana · archived
  331. The Effects Following the Implementation of an 0.08 BAC Limit and an Administrative per Se Law in California · 1991 · NHTSA · archived
  332. The effect of extending graduated driver licensing to older novice drivers in Indiana ↗ · 2020 · Wang, Yudan Chen et al. · indexed
  333. Trends in Fatalities From Distracted Driving in the United States, 1999 to 2008 ↗ · 2010 · Wilson, Fernando A. et al. · indexed
  334. Deterrent Effects of Mandatory License Suspension for DWI Conviction · 1987 · Blomberg, Richard D. et al. · archived
  335. Parents, Teens, and the Learner Stage of Graduated Driver Licensing · 2010 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  336. May 2003 Click It or Ticket Safety Belt Mobilization Evaluation · 2004 · Solomon, M. G. (Mark Geoffrey) et al. · archived
  337. Issues concerning the adoption of an administrative per se statute by the Commonwealth of Virginia. · 1989 · Virkar, Salil R et al. · archived
  338. Young drivers and cellphone distraction: Pattern recognition from fatal crashes ↗ · 2022 · Das, Subasish · indexed
  339. Evaluation of Louisiana’s Safety Belt Law Change to Primary Enforcement · 1997 · Preusser, David F. · archived
  340. A Priori Evaluation of Policy Measures Against Alcohol-Impaired Driving: French Case Study ↗ · 2016 · Christoforou, Zoi · indexed
  341. Local Police Enforcement, Public Information and Education Strategies to Foster More and Proper Use of Child Safety Seats by Toddlers: Evaluation of a Demonstration Project · 1994 · Decina, L. E. (Larry E.) et al. · archived
  342. Best Practices of Successful State Impaired-Driving Task Forces · 2024 · Fell, James C. et al. · archived
  343. Educating Idaho Teenage Drivers of the Dangers of Distracted Driving · 2017 · Larrea, Meagan et al. · archived
  344. Impaired-Driving Leadership Model – Findings Based on Three State Case Studies [Traffic Tech] · 2018 · NHTSA · archived
  345. New Mexico’s Comprehensive Impaired-Driving Program: A Case Study · 2014 · Ramirez, Anthony et al. · archived
  346. Fatality Reductions Abroad: A Survey of Success From Foreign Jurisdictions · 2023 · Burbidge, Shaunna K. et al. · archived
  347. The role of enforcement programs in increasing seat belt use ↗ · 2004 · Williams, Allan F. et al. · indexed
  348. Effectiveness of Safety Belt Usage Laws · 1980 · Fisher, Franklin G. · archived
  349. Crash and traffic violation rates before and after licensure for novice California drivers subject to different driver licensing requirements ↗ · 2014 · Chapman, Eric A. et al. · indexed
  350. The effects of perception of risk and importance of answering and initiating a cellular phone call while driving ↗ · 2009 · Nelson, Erik J. et al. · indexed
  351. Do driver training programs reduce crashes and traffic violations? — A critical examination of the literature ↗ · 2011 · Peck, Raymond C. · indexed
  352. Parenting and the Young Driver Problem ↗ · 2008 · SIMONSMORTON, B et al. · indexed
  353. State of Montana: Impaired Driving Assessment · 2005 · NHTSA · archived
  354. Long-term effect of the North Carolina graduated driver licensing system on licensed driver crash incidence: A 5-year survival analysis ↗ · 2010 · Masten, Scott V. et al. · indexed
  355. Towards a better understanding of arguments in favour or against transport policies. The example of road safety · 2023 · Van den Berghe, Wouter et al. · archived
  356. Evaluation of New York State’s Mandatory Occupant Restraint Law: Volume II: Attitudinal Surveys of Licensed Drivers in New York State · 1985 · Rood, Debra H. et al. · archived
  357. Getting older drivers off the road won’t solve safety problems ↗ · 2012 · King, Mark · indexed
  358. Nighttime enforcement of seat belt laws : an evaluation of three community programs · 2009 · Solomon, M. G. (Mark Geoffrey) et al. · archived
  359. System Analysis of Automated Speed Enforcement Implementation · 2016 · Miller, Richard et al. · archived
  360. Countermeasures That Work – Older Drivers [Traffic Tech] · 2021 · NHTSA · archived
  361. Nighttime Seat Belt Enforcement: A How-To Guide and Case Study Summary [Traffic Tech] · 2024 · NHTSA · archived
  362. Understanding the contributing factors to young driver crashes: A comparison of crash profiles of three age groups ↗ · 2021 · Rahman, M. Ashifur et al. · indexed
  363. Key Features for Ignition Interlock Programs · 2010 · Marques, Paul R. et al. · archived
  364. Alcohol Safety Countermeasures Program: Special Analytical Study · 1970 · NHTSA · archived
  365. Chapter 4: The Federal Role in Highway Safety · 2024 · Weingroff, Richard F. · archived
  366. Investigation into Legislative Action Needed to Accommodate the Future Safe Operation of Autonomous Vehicles in the State of Louisiana · 2016 · Wilmot, Chester G. et al. · archived
  367. Passenger vehicle driver cell phone use : results from the fall 2000 National Occupant Protection Use Survey · 2001 · Utter, Dennis · archived
  368. Reduce Fatal & Serious Injury Crashes · 2024 · Kurkcu, Abdullah et al. · archived
  369. Red light running : a policy review · 2003 · Quiroga, Cesar et al. · archived
  370. Resources to Prevent Impaired Driving in Rural Areas · 2025 · Redden, Carrie et al. · archived
  371. Evaluation of the National Impaired Driving High-Visibility Enforcement Campaign: 2003–2005 · 2007 · NHTSA · archived
  372. Licensing Requirements for the Risky Driver: A Nationwide Survey · 1997 · Perrino, Carrol. S. et al. · archived
  373. Characteristics of State Law Enforcement Liaison Programs: Survey Results · 2022 · Decina, Lawrence E. et al. · archived
  374. Promoting Road Safety Through Regulation: Aligning Road Design, Vehicle Design, and Road User Behaviour Laws in Australia ↗ · 2026 · Johnston, Vanessa · indexed
  375. Novice driver crashes: The relation between putative causal factors, countermeasures, real world impacts ↗ · 2024 · Pradhan, Anuj K. · indexed
  376. Speeding and Highway Safety: The U.S. Department of Transportation's Policy and Implementation Strategy · 2000 · NHTSA · archived
  377. Evaluation of New Mexico's Anti-DWI Efforts · 2000 · Lacey, John H. et al. · archived
  378. Impact of drink-driving penalty enhancement policies on road traffic injury deaths among vulnerable road users in Shandong Province: an interrupted time series study ↗ · 2025 · Zhang, Zehan et al. · indexed
  379. 0057 Maryland annual driving survey–understanding the driving culture ↗ · 2015 · Bergen, Gwen et al. · indexed
  380. Evaluation of New York State’s Mandatory Occupant Restraint Law: Volume VI: Final Summary Report · 1987 · Rood, Debra H. et al. · archived
  381. Evaluation of a program to enhance young drivers’ safety in Israel ↗ · 2011 · Toledo, Tomer et al. · indexed
  382. REDEVELOPMENT OF VICTORIA'S CAR DRIVER LEARNER PERMIT KNOWLEDGE TEST ↗ · 2001 · Butler, Andrew C. et al. · indexed
  383. Strengthening Seat Belt Use Laws · 1996 · NHTSA · archived
  384. NHTSA Region IV Click It or Ticket Campaign, May 2001 · 2002 · Solomon, M. G. (Mark Geoffrey) · archived
  385. Reducing casualties involving young drivers and riders in Europe ↗ · 2016 · Atchison, L · indexed
  386. Countermeasures That Work – Alcohol-Impaired Driving [Traffic Tech] · 2021 · Jeleniewski, S et al. · archived
  387. Public Awareness Survey Recommendations of the NHTSA-GHSA Working Group · 2011 · Hedlund, J. et al. · archived
  388. The comprehensive community-based traffic safety program : phase II, program assessment for District 2 and District 7, final report. · 1987 · Jernigan, Jack D. · archived
  389. Speed Enforcement Policies and Practice · 1970 · Witheford, David K. · archived
  390. Ignition Interlock Use Rates Following Changes in Interlock Legislation [Traffic Tech] · 2020 · McKnight, A.S. et al. · archived
  391. Crash involvement during the different phases of the New Zealand Graduated Driver Licensing System (GDLS) ↗ · 2010 · Lewis-Evans, Ben · indexed
  392. A COMPUTER-BASED SYSTEM FOR LICENSING ELDERLY DRIVERS AND POSSIBLY OTHERS ↗ · 1974 · Wiener, Earl L. · indexed
  393. Cell Phone Conversation while Driving ↗ · 2015 · Nurullah, Abu Sadat · indexed
  394. Preparing a Nation for Autonomous Vehicles: Opportunities, Barriers and Policy Recommendations ↗ · 2014 · Fagnant, Daniel J. et al. · indexed
  395. Evaluation of Kentucky's "Buckle Up Kentucky : It's the Law & It's Enforced" 2007 campaign. · 2007 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
  396. Effects of Legalization of Marijuana on Traffic: Transportation Research Synthesis · 2024 · NHTSA · archived
  397. A Comprehensive Program To Support Parents of New Teen Drivers · 2021 · Goodwin, Arthur et al. · archived
  398. Risk factors of mobile phone use while driving in Queensland: Prevalence, attitudes, crash risk perception, and task-management strategies ↗ · 2017 · Oviedo-Trespalacios, Oscar et al. · indexed
  399. ‘Why aren’t you using Bluetooth?!’ Officer understanding of the dangers of handheld and handsfree mobile phone-use by drivers ↗ · 2024 · Briggs, Gemma et al. · indexed
  400. Network: January 1979 · 1979 · NHTSA · archived
  401. 2014 Traffic Safety Culture Index · 2015 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  402. Evaluation of Kentucky's "Buckle Up Kentucky : It's the Law & It's Enforced" 2006 campaign. · 2006 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
  403. Evaluation of the May 2007 Click It or Ticket Mobilization · 2009 · Solomon, Mark G. et al. · archived
  404. Impact of the Legalization and Decriminalization of Marijuana on the DWI System: Highlights from the Expert Panel Meeting · 2017 · NHTSA · archived
  405. Evaluation of Kentucky's "Buckle Up Kentucky : It's the Law & It's Enforced" 2005 campaign. · 2005 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
  406. The contribution of a novel intervention to enhance safe driving among young drivers in Israel ↗ · 2010 · Ben-Ari, Orit Taubman - et al. · indexed
  407. Model Regulations and Public Education for Rural-Suburban Pedestrian Safety · 1980 · Hale, A. (Allen), 1938- et al. · archived
  408. Mandatory seat belt use laws. · 1985 · Grey, Joseph · archived
  409. Potential Enforcement, Adjudication and Public Information Strategies for the General Deterrence of Driving While Intoxicated · 1983 · Anderson, Theodore E. et al. · archived
  410. Administrative Rules and Structures of Speed Safety Camera (SSC) Systems- Transportation Research Synthesis · 2024 · Moore-Ritchie, Chelsea et al. · archived
  411. Effectiveness of the Illinois .08 Law · 2000 · Voas, Robert B. et al. · archived
  412. Keeping us on track: a national program to reduce impaired driving in the United States ↗ · 2001 · Fell, J. · indexed
  413. Cell phone conversing while driving in New Zealand: Prevalence, risk perception and legislation ↗ · 2011 · Hallett, Charlene et al. · indexed
  414. An Assessment of Traffic Safety Culture Related to Engagement in Efforts to Improve Traffic Safety [Summary Report] · 2016 · Ward, Nic et al. · archived
  415. Identifying and reconciling stakeholder perspectives in deploying automated speed enforcement : final report. · 2017 · Peterson, Colleen et al. · archived
  416. An Analysis of the Potential Legal Constraints on the Use of Mechanical Devices to Monitor Driving Restrictions · 1979 · Ruschmann, P. A. (Paul A.) et al. · archived
  417. The Structure of the Learner Licence Affects the Type of Experiences Novices Gain During This Phase ↗ · 2008 · Bates, L et al. · indexed
  418. Estimated safety belt use rates under primary and secondary enforcement statutes : final report. · 1991 · Stoke, Charles B et al. · archived
  419. Evaluation of Kentucky's "Click It or Ticket" 2008 campaign. · 2008 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
  420. Response to House Joint Resolution #135, 1986 session requesting the Board of Education to evaluate the public and commercial school driver education programs. · 1986 · Stoke, Charles B et al. · archived
  421. Impact of texting on young drivers' behavior and safety on urban and rural roads through a simulation experiment ↗ · 2014 · Yannis, George et al. · indexed
  422. A Summary Report of Six Demonstration Projects to Reduce Alcohol-Impaired Driving among 21- to 34-Year-Old Drivers · 2008 · NHTSA · archived
  423. Synthesis of Automated Vehicle Legislation · 2017 · Hubbard, Sarah M · archived
  424. Parliamentary committees turn road safety research and ideas into practice: Examples from Australia ↗ · 2008 · Bates, Lyndel et al. · indexed
  425. An evaluation of hardship licensing for DWIs. Volume 2, Effect on general and specific deterrents · 1989 · Voas, Robert B. et al. · archived
  426. Regulating Older Drivers ↗ · 1998 · Cobb, Roger W. et al. · indexed
  427. Safety Belt Use Laws: Evaluation of Primary Enforcement and Other Provisions · 1995 · Winnicki, John · archived
  428. Evaluation of Teen Seat Belt Demonstration Projects in Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, and Texas · 2018 · Nichols, J. L. et al. · archived
  429. Enforcing Child Passenger Safety Laws: Eight Community Strategies · 1990 · NHTSA · archived
  430. More Cops More Stops: Evaluation of a Combined HVE Program in Oklahoma and Tennessee [Traffic Tech] · 2016 · NHTSA · archived
  431. Licensing Procedures for Older Drivers · 2013 · Thomas, F. Dennis et al. · archived
  432. 2016 Traffic Safety Culture Index · 2017 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  433. Improving Parental Supervision of Novice Drivers Using an Evidence-Based Approach · 2013 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  434. Effectiveness of the Ohio Vehicle Action and Administrative License Suspension Laws · 2000 · Voas, Robert B. et al. · archived
  435. Examination of driver license renewal policies and older driver crash and injury rates by rurality ↗ · 2026 · Hamann, Cara J. et al. · indexed
  436. American Highways Can Be Safer · 1985 · Dole, Elizabeth Hanford · archived
  437. Evaluating teen driving knowledge and behaviors following educational outreach · 2020 · Monroe, Kathy et al. · archived
  438. What Will Happen to the Teen Drivers of Today? A Triage of Research and Intervention Issues ↗ · 2016 · Caird, Jeff K. et al. · indexed
  439. Effectiveness of the May 2005 Rural Demonstration Program and the Click It or Ticket Mobilization in the Great Lakes Region: First Year Results · 2007 · Nichols, James L. et al. · archived
  440. Mandatory seat belt use. · 1984 · Grey, Joseph · archived
  441. Public Acceptability of Highway Safety Countermeasures: Volume IV, Pedestrian Measures · 1981 · Vayda, Andrea et al. · archived
  442. Evaluation of the Washington Nighttime Seat Belt Enforcement Program · 2017 · Thomas, F. Dennis et al. · archived
  443. Methodology to evaluate teen driver training programs : [brief]. · 2014 · Trimble, Tammy · archived
  444. Controlling road rage : a literature review and pilot study · 1999 · Rathbone, Daniel B. et al. · archived
  445. Attitudes Towards Impaired Driving Countermeasures · 2025 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  446. May 2004 Click It or Ticket Seat Belt Mobilization Evaluation: Final Report · 2007 · Solomon, M. G. (Mark Geoffrey) et al. · archived
  447. Evaluation of Kentucky's "Buckle Up Kentucky : It's the Law & It's Enforced" 2004 campaign. · 2004 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
  448. Impaired Driving Enforcement: A Program Guide for Law Enforcement and Highway Safety Administrators · 1996 · NHTSA · archived
  449. Click It or Ticket Evaluation, 2008 - 2009 · 2013 · Solomon, Mark G. et al. · archived
  450. Guidelines for Motorcycle Operator Licensing · 2009 · Hanchulak, Denise et al. · archived
  451. Advancing sustainable safety: national road safety outlook for 2005-20 ↗ · 2006 · Wegman, Fcm et al. · indexed
  452. In-Car Cell Phone Use and Hazards Following Hands Free Legislation ↗ · 2005 · Rajalin, Sirpa et al. · indexed
  453. Asleep at the Wheel–the Road to Addressing Drowsy Driving · 2017 · Higgins, J. Stephen et al. · archived
  454. Mandatory safety belt use legislation : alternatives for Virginia lawmakers : final report. · 1986 · Ginsburg, Jessica A · archived
  455. Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to reduce alcohol-impaired driving ↗ · 2001 · Shults, Ruth A. et al. · indexed
  456. The Relationship between Impaired Driving Crashes and Beliefs about Impaired Driving: Do Residents in High Crash Rate Counties Have Greater Concerns about Impaired Driving? ↗ · 2009 · Beck, Kenneth H. et al. · indexed
  457. Problem driver remediation: A meta-analysis of the driver improvement literature ↗ · 2004 · Masten, Scott V. et al. · indexed
  458. Traffic safety culture of drivers in Canada: Implications for new traffic law implementation to enhance traffic safety ↗ · 2022 · Mishra, Sushreeta et al. · indexed
  459. Developmental Differences ↗ · 2016 · Fisher, Donald L. et al. · indexed
  460. Youth Activities Newsletter: Winter 1975 · 1975 · NHTSA · archived
  461. Exploring Electric Bicycle Safety Performance Data and Policy Options for California ↗ · 2025 · Agrawal, Asha Weinstein et al. · indexed
  462. Assessment of the stopping for right-turning large vehicles policy in Nanjing: Effectiveness and determinants. ↗ · 2025 · Zhu, Yurun · indexed
  463. The Feasibility of Voluntary Ignition Interlocks as a Prevention Strategy for Young Drivers · 2017 · Kelley-Baker, Tara et al. · archived
  464. Review of NJ point system. · 2013 · Carnegie, Jon A. et al. · archived
  465. A Comprehensive Proposal for Driver Licensing Reform in Ecuador ↗ · 2025 · García-Ramírez, Yasmany · indexed
  466. Public Awareness Survey Recommendations of the NHTSA-GHSA Working Group [Traffic Tech] · 2010 · NHTSA · archived
  467. May 2006 Click It or Ticket Seat Belt Mobilization Evaluation: Final Report · 2008 · Tison, Julie et al. · archived
  468. Vehicle and License Plate Sanctions · 1996 · NHTSA · archived
  469. Implementation plan for combating the drug-impaired driver. · 1988 · Jernigan, Jack D · archived
  470. 2012 Traffic Safety Culture Index · 2013 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  471. Evaluation of the Aggression Suppression Program, Milwaukee, Wisconsin · 2001 · McCartt, Anne Taylor et al. · archived
  472. Increasing Seat Belt Use through State-Level Demonstration Projects: A Compendium of Initial Findings · 2008 · Blomberg, Richard D. et al. · archived
  473. Identifying Strategies to Improve the Effectiveness of Booster Seat Laws · 2008 · Decina, L. E. (Larry E.) et al. · archived
  474. Highway safety : effectiveness of state .08 blood alcohol laws · 1999 · NHTSA · archived
  475. Evaluation of California’s Safety Belt Law Change to Primary Enforcement · 1994 · Ulmer, Robert G. et al. · archived
  476. Coping with the Aging Driving Population · 2016 · Knodler, Michael A. et al. · archived
  477. Reply to Comments by Hancock and Scallen, Moray, and Smiley on "Using Cellular Telephones in Vehicles: Safe or Unsafe?" ↗ · 1999 · Tijerina, Louis et al. · indexed
  478. Enforcement and Public Information Strategies for DWI Deterrence: The Indianapolis, Indiana Experience · 1988 · Lacey, John H. et al. · archived
  479. Driver licensing and reasons for delaying licensure among young adults ages 18-20, United States, 2012 ↗ · 2014 · Tefft, Brian C et al. · indexed
  480. State of the Practice of State Alcohol Ignition Interlock Programs · 2023 · Barrett, Hannah et al. · archived
  481. Implementing the Safe System Approach for Speed Management in Utah · 2026 · Schultz, Grant G. et al. · archived
  482. Determine Feasible and Acceptable Age 21 Support Programs · 1990 · Harding, Wayne M. et al. · archived
  483. Development of Resources to Guide Parents in Helping Teens Learn to Drive [Research Brief] · 2021 · Goodwin, Arthur · archived
  484. Young and unaffected by road policing strategies: Using deterrence theory to explain provisional drivers’ (non)compliance ↗ · 2015 · Bates, Lyndel et al. · indexed
  485. Hands Off the Wheel: The Role of Law in the Coming Extinction of Human-Driven Vehicles · 2019 · Hresko Pearl, Tracy · archived
  486. Association between Cellular-Telephone Calls and Motor Vehicle Collisions ↗ · 1997 · Redelmeier, Donald A. et al. · indexed
  487. Local and Rural Road Safety Briefing Sheets - Behavioral Safety Strategies for Drivers on Rural Roads · 2014 · NHTSA · archived
  488. A meta-analysis of the effects of cell phones on driver performance ↗ · 2008 · Caird, Jeff K. et al. · indexed
  489. An Impact Evaluation of Underage Drinking Prevention Projects · 2004 · Lacey, John H. et al. · archived
  490. Evaluation of Maryland, Oklahoma and the District of Columbia’s Seat Belt Law Change to Primary Enforcement · 2001 · Solomon, M. G. (Mark Geoffrey) et al. · archived
  491. A Review of National Television PSA Campaigns for Preventing Alcohol-Impaired Driving, 1987-1992 ↗ · 1995 · Dejong, William et al. · indexed
  492. Research notes : evaluation of the oregon medically at-risk driver program. · 2009 · NHTSA · archived
  493. 2015 Traffic Safety Culture Index · 2016 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  494. Impact of Implementing a Primary Enforcement Seat Belt Law in Florida: A Case Study · 2012 · Nichols, J. L. et al. · archived
  495. Evaluation of Kentucky's "Buckle Up Kentucky : It's the Law & It's Enforced" campaign. · 2003 · Agent, Kenneth R. et al. · archived
  496. Cell phone use and traffic crash risk: a culpability analysis ↗ · 2012 · Asbridge, Mark et al. · indexed
  497. Implementation of quick clearance in Michigan. · 2012 · Krechmer, Daniel et al. · archived
  498. NHTSA Youth Message [Traffic Tech] · 1986 · NHTSA · archived
  499. Impact of law enforcement and increased traffic fines policy on road traffic fatality, injuries and offenses in Iran: Interrupted time series analysis · 2020 · Foroutaghe, Milad Delavary et al. · archived
  500. Young Driver Crash Rates in New Jersey by Driving Experience, Age, and License Phase · 2014 · AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety · archived
  501. National Survey on Distracted Driving Attitudes and Behaviors - 2015 · 2018 · Schroeder, Paul et al. · archived
  502. Nighttime Enforcement of Seat Belt Laws: An Evaluation of Three Community Programs [Traffic Tech] · 2010 · NHTSA · archived
  503. Does Talking on a Cell Phone, With a Passenger, or Dialing Affect Driving Performance? An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Experimental Studies ↗ · 2018 · Caird, Jeff K. et al. · indexed
  504. Evaluating Commercial Driver's License Program Vulnerabilities: A Study of the States of Illinois and Florida · 2000 · NHTSA · archived
  505. Building Community Support for Seat Belt Enforcement: Implementation of Buckle Up Like a Champion Today in Norman, Oklahoma [Traffic Tech] · 2023 · NHTSA · archived
  506. Activating teens to prevent traffic crashes. · 2012 · Henk, Russell · archived
  507. West Virginia’s Impaired Driving High-Visibility Enforcement Campaign, 2003–2005 · 2007 · Zwicker, T. J. et al. · archived
  508. Driving while alcohol impaired : a preliminary exploration of the issues and possible approaches. · 1989 · Brady, Patricia · archived
  509. Identification of Countermeasures for the Youth Crash Problem Related to Alcohol · 1975 · Preusser, David F. et al. · archived
  510. Analysis of Selective Parameters Contributing to Road Accidents on Highways for Establishing Suggestive Precautionary Strategies ↗ · 2009 · Daigavane, Prema et al. · indexed