DrivingResearch.

auditory warnings

Non-speech sound alerts: beeps, tones, alarms, and earcons signaling collision warnings, lane-departure alerts, and system-state changes. This is the sound modality for warnings, distinct from spoken-language interaction (voice_interaction), tactile alerts (haptic_feedback), and combined-channel alerts (multimodal_feedback).

Relevant standards

  • Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/1341 — Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/1341 of 23 April 2021 supplementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 of the European Parliament and of the Council by laying down detailed rules concerning the specific test procedures and technical requirements for the type-approval of motor vehicles with regard to their driver drowsiness and attention warning systems and amending that Regulation
  • Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/1958 — Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/1958 supplementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 by laying down detailed rules concerning the specific test procedures and technical requirements for the type-approval of motor vehicles with regard to their intelligent speed assistance systems
  • Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/646 — Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/646 laying down rules for the application of Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 as regards uniform procedures and technical specifications for the type-approval of motor vehicles with regard to their emergency lane-keeping systems (ELKS)
  • Euro NCAP Test Protocol – AEB Car-to-Car Systems v4.3.1 — Euro NCAP Test Protocol – AEB Car-to-Car systems
  • Euro NCAP Test and Assessment Protocol – Child Presence Detection v1.3 — Euro NCAP Test and Assessment Protocol – Child Presence Detection
  • FMVSS 138 — Standard No. 138; Tire pressure monitoring systems
  • IIHS Vehicle-to-Vehicle Front Crash Prevention 2.0 Test Protocol — Vehicle-to-Vehicle Front Crash Prevention 2.0 Test Protocol (Version II)
  • ISO 11429:1996 — Ergonomics — System of auditory and visual danger and information signals
  • ISO 15006:2011 — Road vehicles — Ergonomic aspects of transport information and control systems — Specifications for in-vehicle auditory presentation
  • ISO 15623:2013 — Intelligent transport systems — Forward vehicle collision warning systems — Performance requirements and test procedures
  • ISO 17361:2017 — Intelligent transport systems — Lane departure warning systems — Performance requirements and test procedures
  • ISO 17386:2023 — Intelligent transport systems — Manoeuvring aids for low-speed operation (MALSO) — Performance requirements and test procedures
  • ISO 18682:2016 — Intelligent transport systems — External hazard detection and notification systems — Basic requirements
  • ISO 20901:2020 — Intelligent transport systems — Emergency electronic brake light systems (EEBL) — Performance requirements and test procedures
  • ISO 22839:2013 — Intelligent transport systems — Forward vehicle collision mitigation systems — Operation, performance, and verification requirements
  • ISO 23376:2021 — Intelligent transport systems — Vehicle-to-vehicle intersection collision warning systems (VVICW) — Performance requirements and test procedures
  • ISO 26684:2015 — Intelligent transport systems (ITS) — Cooperative intersection signal information and violation warning systems (CIWS) — Performance requirements and test procedures
  • ISO 7731:2003 — Ergonomics — Danger signals for public and work areas — Auditory danger signals
  • ISO 9921:2003 — Ergonomics — Assessment of speech communication
  • ISO/TR 12204:2012 — Road vehicles — Ergonomic aspects of transport information and control systems — Introduction to integrating safety critical and time critical warning signals
  • ISO/TR 16352:2005 — Road vehicles — Ergonomic aspects of in-vehicle presentation for transport information and control systems — Warning systems
  • ISO/TS 16951:2021 — Road vehicles — Ergonomic aspects of transport information and control systems (TICS) — Procedures for determining priority of on-board messages presented to drivers
  • SAE J2400 — Human Factors in Forward Collision Warning Systems: Operating Characteristics and User Interface Requirements
  • SAE J2808 — Lane Departure Warning Systems: Information for the Human Interface
  • SAE J3045 — Truck and Bus Lane Departure Warning Systems Test Procedure and Minimum Performance Requirements
  • UN ECE R131 — Uniform provisions concerning the approval of motor vehicles with regard to Advanced Emergency Braking Systems (AEBS)
  • UN ECE R151 — Uniform provisions concerning the approval of motor vehicles with regard to the Blind Spot Information System for the Detection of Bicycles
  • UN ECE R152 — Uniform provisions concerning the approval of motor vehicles with regard to the Advanced Emergency Braking System (AEBS) for M1 and N1 vehicles
  • UN ECE R159 — Uniform provisions concerning the approval of motor vehicles with regard to the Moving Off Information System for the Detection of Pedestrians and Cyclists
  • UN ECE R182 (draft) — Proposal for a new UN Regulation No. [182] on uniform provisions concerning the approval of motor vehicles with regard to their Driver Drowsiness and Attention Warning (DDAW) system
  • UN ECE R28 — Uniform provisions concerning the approval of audible warning devices and of motor vehicles with regard to their audible signals

147 paper(s) · ranked by relevance to this topic

  1. In-Vehicle Auditory Alerts Literature Review · 2022 · Jeon, Myounghoon et al. · archived
  2. Multiple Attribute Evaluation of Auditory Warning Signals for In-Vehicle Crash Avoidance Warning Systems · 1995 · Tan, A.K. et al. · archived
  3. Acquisition, Response, and Error Rates With Three Suites of Collision Warning Sounds · 2009 · Sullivan, John M. et al. · archived
  4. Haptic and Auditory Interfaces as a Collision Avoidance Technique During Roadway Departures and Driver Perception of these Modalities · 2006 · Stanley, Laura Michelle · archived
  5. Auditory Alert Characteristics Impact on Crash Avoidance Warning Response · 2018 · Marshall, Dawn et al. · archived
  6. In-vehicle crash avoidance warning systems : human factors considerations · 1997 · Huey, R. W. et al. · archived
  7. Validation of Essential Acoustic Parameters for Highly Urgent In-Vehicle Collision Warnings ↗ · 2018 · Lewis, Bridget A. et al. · indexed
  8. An Evaluation of the Safety, Utility, and Reliability of Three-Dimensional Alarm Systems for Automotive Use ↗ · 2001 · Bliss, James P. et al. · indexed
  9. Multisensory In-Car Warning Signals for Collision Avoidance ↗ · 2007 · Ho, Cristy et al. · indexed
  10. Preliminary Human Factors Guidelines For Crash Avoidance Warning Devices · 1996 · NHTSA · archived
  11. Exploring False Warnings and Modalities for Emergency Vehicle Alerts and Their Impact on Driver Behavior · 2026 · Weibull, Kajsa et al. · archived
  12. Acoustic Localization Of In-Vehicle Crash Avoidance Warnings As A Cue To Hazard Direction · 1996 · NHTSA · archived
  13. Earcons to reduce mode confusions in partially automated vehicles: Development and application of an evaluation method · 2023 · Monsaingeon, Noé et al. · archived
  14. Auditory Messages for Intersection Movement Assist (IMA) Systems: Effects of Speech- and Nonspeech-Based Cues ↗ · 2021 · Wu, Xingwei et al. · indexed
  15. A Comparison of Tactile, Visual, and Auditory Warnings for Rear-End Collision Prevention in Simulated Driving ↗ · 2008 · Scott, Jeffrey J et al. · indexed
  16. Auditory, tactile, and multimodal warnings during automated driving · 2019 · Geitner, R. et al. · archived
  17. Investigation Of Alternative Displays For Side Collision Avoidance Systems, Final Report · 1996 · NHTSA · archived
  18. How to drive drivers nuts: effect of auditory, vibrotactile, and multimodal warnings on perceived urgency, annoyance, and acceptability ↗ · 2017 · Biondi, FN et al. · indexed
  19. Auditory Alerts and Safety with Simulated Bicycles and Motor Vehicles ↗ · 2021 · Craig, Curtis M. et al. · indexed
  20. Integrated Vehicle-Based Safety Systems (IVBSS): Human Factors and Driver-Vehicle Interface (DVI) Summary Report · 2008 · Green, P. et al. · archived
  21. Evaluation of mobile work zone alarm systems. · 2014 · Brown, Henry et al. · archived
  22. Advanced driver assistance systems: Using multimodal redundant warnings to enhance road safety ↗ · 2017 · Biondi, FN et al. · indexed
  23. Advanced driver assistance systems: Using multimodal redundant warnings to enhance road safety · 2016 · Strayer, David L. et al. · archived
  24. Signal Design Handbook: A New Framework for Designing Alarms, Alerts, and Warnings in Air Traffic Control · 2025 · Ruskin, Keith J. et al. · archived
  25. A Handbook for Signal Design: Alarms, Alerts, and Warnings in Air Traffic Control · 2022 · Ruskin, Keith J et al. · archived
  26. An In-Vehicle Auditory Signal Evaluation Platform based on a Driving Simulator · 2023 · SAWA, Fuma et al. · archived
  27. Automotive Collision Avoidance Field Operational Test: Warning Cue Implementation Summary Report · 2002 · NHTSA · archived
  28. Best practices for auditory alarm design in space applications ↗ · 2006 · Begault, Durand et al. · indexed
  29. Inappropriate Alarm Rates and Driver Annoyance · 1996 · Lerner, N.D. et al. · archived
  30. ATC Signaling Systems: A Review of the Literature on Alarms, Alerts, and Warnings · 2020 · Ruskin, Keith J et al. · archived
  31. Warning Sound to Affect Perceived Speed in Approaching Roundabouts: Experiments with a Driving Simulator · 2013 · Rossi, Riccardo et al. · archived
  32. Can unreliable auditory hazard warnings help the driver? The effect of timing errors and false alarms on road hazard detection in dynamic road scenes. ↗ · 2024 · Song, Jiali et al. · indexed
  33. Quieter Cars and the Safety of Blind Pedestrians, Phase 2 : Development of Potential Specifications for Vehicle Countermeasure Sounds. · 2011 · Hastings, Aaron et al. · archived
  34. Don't Be Alarmed ↗ · 2018 · Gang, Nick et al. · indexed
  35. Development of Performance Specifications for Collision Avoidance Systems for Lane Change, Merging, & Backing: Task 3 - Human Factors Assessment of the Driver Interfaces of Existing Collision Avoidance Systems · 1995 · Mazzae, Elizabeth N. et al. · archived
  36. Backup Warning Signals: Driver Perception And Response, Technical Report · 1996 · NHTSA · archived
  37. Novel Auditory Displays in Highly Automated Vehicles: Sonification Improves Driver Situation Awareness, Perceived Workload, and Overall Experience · 2021 · Nadri, Chihab et al. · archived
  38. Can unreliable auditory hazard warnings help the driver? The effect of timing errors and false alarms on road hazard detection in dynamic road scenes. ↗ · 2026 · Song, Jiali et al. · indexed
  39. An Auditory Display for Remote Road Vehicle Operation That Increases Awareness and Presence · 2023 · Larsson, Pontus et al. · archived
  40. Development of electric scooter alerting sounds using psychoacoustical metrics ↗ · 2022 · Walton, Tim et al. · indexed
  41. Full-coverage collision warning : human factors research needs : summary report · 1998 · NHTSA · archived
  42. Can unreliable auditory hazard warnings help the driver? The effect of timing errors and false alarms on road hazard detection in dynamic road scenes · 2026 · Song, Jiali et al. · archived
  43. An Audible Automobile Back-Up Pedestrian Warning Device–Development and Evaluation · 1976 · Brown, Ron, 1933- et al. · archived
  44. Effects of directional auditory and visual warnings at intersections on reaction times and speed reduction times · 2017 · Bella, Francesco et al. · archived
  45. Backup Warning Signals: Driver Perception and Response · 1996 · Harpster, J.L. et al. · archived
  46. Psychoacoustic assessment of synthetic sounds for electric vehicles in a virtual reality experiment · 2025 · Bazilinskyy, Pavlo et al. · archived
  47. Effects of driver attention on rail crossing safety and : The effects of auditory warnings and driver distraction on rail crossing safety. · 2016 · Landry, Steven et al. · archived
  48. Basic collision warning and driver information systems : human factors research needs : summary report · 1998 · NHTSA · archived
  49. Research on minimum sound specifications for hybrid and electric vehicles · 2012 · Hastings, Aaron et al. · archived
  50. Enhancing Driver Awareness of Vulnerable Road Users through In-Vehicle Auditory Signals ↗ · 2024 · Takii, Kyoko et al. · indexed
  51. Optimizing multimodal alarms to mitigate inattentional blindness in air traffic control · 2025 · Wickens, C. D. · archived
  52. Live Demonstration: In-Vehicle Auditory Signal Evaluation Platform in A Driving Simulator ↗ · 2023 · Sawa, Fuma et al. · indexed
  53. Enhancing Safety in Autonomous Vehicles: The Impact of Auditory and Visual Warning Signals on Driver Behavior and Situational Awareness ↗ · 2024 · Huang, Ann et al. · indexed
  54. A Handbook for Effective Signaling in Air Traffic Control Phase 2: Signaling Philosophy · 2021 · Ruskin, Keith J et al. · archived
  55. Haptic Warning Characteristics for V2V Safety Applications · 2020 · Marshall, Dawn et al. · archived
  56. Auditory Alarms: From Alerting to Informing ↗ · 2000 · Seagull, F. Jacob et al. · indexed
  57. Crash Warning Interface Metrics: Final Report · 2011 · Lerner, Neil et al. · archived
  58. Examination of the Efficacy of Proximity Warning Devices for Young and Older Drivers · 2005 · Kramer, Arthur F. et al. · archived
  59. Influence of Age and Proximity Warning Devices on Collision Avoidance in Simulated Driving ↗ · 2007 · Kramer, Arthur F. et al. · indexed
  60. Capturing the attentional response to clinical auditory alarms: An ERP study on priority pulses. · 2023 · Ferreira, Vasco Ribeiro et al. · archived
  61. Analysis of the impact of acoustic stimulation on vigilance decrement and drowsiness on expressways ↗ · 2025 · Shiomi, Yasuhiro et al. · indexed
  62. Blind driving by means of auditory feedback ↗ · 2016 · Bazilinskyy, Pavlo et al. · indexed
  63. Findings of Focus Group Meetings for the Pilot Study of Advisory On-Board Vehicle Warning Systems at Railroad Grade Crossings · 2004 · Benekohal, Rahim F. · archived
  64. The effects of in-vehicle and infrastructure-based collision warnings at signalized intersections · 2009 · Inman, Vaughn W. et al. · archived
  65. Quieter Cars and the Safety of Blind Pedestrians: Phase 1. · 2010 · Garay-Vega, Lisandra et al. · archived
  66. Vibrotactile Alert Systems for Aircraft Handoffs Acceptance in Air Traffic Control ↗ · 2026 · de Paz, Carlos et al. · indexed
  67. Evaluation of a Wayside Horn at Two Highway-Railroad Grade Crossings · 1996 · Multer, Jordan · archived
  68. Method of early pedestrian warning in developing intelligent transportation system infrastructure ↗ · 2020 · Vladyko, Andrei et al. · indexed
  69. Effects of In-Vehicle and Infrastructure-Based Collision Warnings to Nonviolating Drivers at Signalized Intersections ↗ · 2010 · Inman, Vaughan W. et al. · indexed
  70. Manipulating music to communicate automation reliability in conditionally automated driving: A driving simulator study ↗ · 2021 · Chen, Kuan-Ting et al. · indexed
  71. Railroad Horn Systems: Research Results · 2007 · Raslear, Thomas · archived
  72. False Alarm Effects in Early Warnings for Emergency Vehicles: Exploring Drivers’ Move-Over Behavior · 2024 · Weibull, Kajsa et al. · archived
  73. Immediate Recall of Driver Warnings in Forward Collision Warning Scenarios ↗ · 2009 · Curry, Reates et al. · indexed
  74. Developing a smartphone based warning system application to enhance the safety at work zones : final report. · 2016 · Rahman, Ruksana et al. · archived
  75. Field Evaluation of a Wayside Horn at a Highway-Railroad Grade Crossing · 1998 · Multer, Jordan et al. · archived
  76. Acoustical Warning Device for Locomotive Horns · 2022 · Campbell, Tom et al. · archived
  77. Visual in-car warnings: How fast do drivers respond? · 2018 · van der Heiden, Remo M.A. et al. · archived
  78. In-Vehicle Display Icons and Other Information Elements Volume I: Guidelines · 2004 · Campbell, J. L. et al. · archived
  79. Preliminary Evaluation of Lead Time Variation for Rail Crossing In-Vehicle Alerts · 2022 · Nadri, Chihab et al. · archived
  80. Validations of Integrated Driver Vehicle Interface (DVI) Configurations ↗ · 2017 · Brown, James et al. · indexed
  81. Implementation and Assessment of Highway Intrusion Technologies · 2023 · Hasanzadeh, Sogand et al. · archived
  82. The Effects of In-Vehicle and Infrastructure-Based Collision Warnings at Signalized Intersections ↗ · 2009 · Inman, Vaughan W. et al. · indexed
  83. Independent Evaluation of the Driver Acceptance of the Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance System for Violations (CICAS-V) Pilot Test · 2011 · Stearns, Mary (Mary D.) et al. · archived
  84. Head-Up Auditory Displays for Traffic Collision Avoidance System Advisories: A Preliminary Investigation ↗ · 1993 · Begault, Durand R. · indexed
  85. Designing Alert Systems in Takeover Transitions: The Effects of Display Information and Modality ↗ · 2021 · Du, Na et al. · indexed
  86. Analyses of the Drivers’ Responses in Final Surveys to the In-Vehicle Receiver (IVR) · 2004 · Benekohal, Rahim F. et al. · archived
  87. Evaluation of Transit Bus Turn Warning Systems for Pedestrians and Cyclists · 2015 · Pecheux, Kelley et al. · archived
  88. The Human Factors of Collision Warning Systems: System Performance, Alarm Timing, and Driver Trust ↗ · 2004 · Abe, Genya et al. · indexed
  89. Development of a Haptic Intervention System for Unintended Lane Departure ↗ · 2003 · Pohl, Jochen et al. · indexed
  90. WiFiHonk: Smartphone-Based Beacon Stuffed WiFi Car2X-Communication System for Vulnerable Road User Safety ↗ · 2014 · Dhondge, Kaustubh et al. · indexed
  91. Evaluating the moderating effect of in-vehicle warning information on mental workload and collision avoidance performance ↗ · 2022 · Chai, Chen et al. · indexed
  92. Effect of Visual and Auditory Alerts on Older Drivers’ Glances toward Latent Hazards while Turning Left at Intersections ↗ · 2019 · Bakhtiari, Sarah et al. · indexed
  93. Work zone intrusion alarm effectiveness. · 2010 · Krupa, Cathy · archived
  94. Auditory Information Improves Time-to-collision Estimation for Accelerating Vehicles · 2023 · Wessels, Marlene et al. · archived
  95. Intersection decision support : evaluation of a violation warning system to mitigate straight crossing path collisions. · 2006 · Neale, Vicki L et al. · archived
  96. Head-Up Auditory Display Research at NASA Ames Research Center ↗ · 1995 · Begault, Durand R. · indexed
  97. Audiovisual time-to-collision estimation for accelerating vehicles: The acoustic signature of electric vehicles impairs pedestrians' judgments · 2022 · Wessels, Marlene et al. · archived
  98. Evaluation of Digital Alert Systems Associated With Emergency Response Vehicles and Compliance With Move Over Law · 2026 · Talebpour, Alireza et al. · archived
  99. EXAMINING DRIVER PREFERENCES FOR INTELLIGENT AUDIOVISUAL WARNINGS AT HIGHWAY-RAIL GRADE CROSSINGS ↗ · 2024 · Walker, Samantha · indexed
  100. The influence of alarm timing on driver response to collision warning systems following system failure ↗ · 2006 · Abe, Genya et al. · indexed
  101. Driver memory for in-vehicle visual and auditory messages · 1999 · Garness, SA et al. · archived
  102. Design of Multimodal In-Vehicle Notifications at Highway-Rail Grade Crossings: A Perception Study ↗ · 2024 · Dam, Abhraneil et al. · indexed
  103. Roadway departure warning indicators : synthesis of noise and bicycle research · 2013 · Cybulski, Jonathan D. et al. · archived
  104. Psychoacoustic Modelling of AVAS Sounds: Consumer-Centric Semantic Attribute Development for Electric Vehicles · 2025 · Kullukcu, Berkay et al. · archived
  105. 3116 Driver's response to individualised alarm timing for forward collision warning systems · 2007 · Abe, Genya et al. · archived
  106. Collision Warning Timing, Driver Distraction, and Driver Response to Imminent Rear-End Collisions in a High-Fidelity Driving Simulator ↗ · 2002 · Lee, John D. et al. · indexed
  107. Human Factors Analysis of Safety Alerts in Air Traffic Control · 2007 · Allendoerfer, Kenneth R et al. · archived
  108. Driving Simulator Evaluation of the Failure of an Audio In-vehicle Warning for Railway Level Crossings · 2015 · Larue, Grégoire S. et al. · archived
  109. Handbook of Warnings ↗ · 2006 · Wogalter, Michael S. · indexed
  110. Looking and Listening Inside and Outside: Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems for Driver Safety Assessment and Intelligent Vehicle Decision-Making · 2026 · Greer, Ross et al. · archived
  111. Safety Impact Assessment of THEA Connected Vehicle Pilot Safety Applications · 2022 · Lam, Andy et al. · archived
  112. Improving Safety At Highway-Rail Grade Crossings Using In-Vehicle Auditory Alerts · 2023 · Nadri, Chihab et al. · archived
  113. 5204 A study on alarm settings strategies for a forward collision warning system based on individual braking behaviour · 2008 · Abe, Genya et al. · archived
  114. Effects of low-level electric vehicle noise on attention, electrodermal activity, workload, and annoyance ↗ · 2026 · Müller, Leon et al. · indexed
  115. 1205 The Human Factors of Forward Collision Warning Systems : System Performance, Alarm Timing, and Driver Trust · 2005 · Abe, Genya et al. · archived
  116. Preliminary Studies in Haptic Displays for Rear-End Collision Avoidance System and Adaptive Cruise Control System Applications · 2000 · Tijerina, Louis et al. · archived
  117. In-Vehicle Dynamic Curve-Speed Warnings at High-Risk Rural Curves · 2018 · Davis, Brian et al. · archived
  118. Statistical model of in-vehicle sound generated from highway rumble strips ↗ · 2009 · Donnell, Eric T. et al. · indexed
  119. Railroad Crossing Wayside Horn Evaluation: Final Report · 2007 · Hummer, Joseph E. et al. · archived
  120. Dual-Task Performance Consequences of Imperfect Alerting Associated With a Cockpit Display of Traffic Information · 2007 · Wickens, C. D. · archived
  121. Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Human Factors Study : Experiment 3 : The Role of Automated Braking and Auditory Alert in Collision Avoidance Response · 2016 · Inman, Vaughan W. et al. · archived
  122. Pilot study of advisory on-board vehicle warning systems at railroad grade crossings : executive summary · 1997 · NHTSA · archived
  123. A framework for driver specific inference of danger at signalized intersections ↗ · 2003 · Dariush, Behzad et al. · indexed
  124. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Visual and Auditory ADAS Alerts on Rural Roads Using a Driving Simulator · 2025 · Cruzado, Ivette et al. · archived
  125. Novel Time-Delay Side-Collision Warning Model at Non-Signalized Intersections Based on Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Communication ↗ · 2021 · Lyu, Nengchao et al. · indexed
  126. Effects of rumble strip parameters on acoustics, vibration, and perception · 2021 · Kasess Christian H. et al. · archived
  127. Evaluation of a Transit Bus Collision Avoidance Warning System in Virginia · 2022 · Goodall, Noah et al. · archived
  128. Pedestrian crossing behaviour in front of electric vehicles emitting synthetic sounds: A virtual reality experiment ↗ · 2025 · Bazilinskyy, Pavlo et al. · indexed
  129. The Impacts of Warning Release Time and Speed Limit on Driving Behaviour and Pedestrian-Vehicle Collision Rate on Side-parking Road ↗ · 2021 · Miao, Yiming et al. · indexed
  130. Evaluation of electric vehicle sounds and new concepts regarding speed-dependency ↗ · 2017 · Steinbach, Lisa et al. · indexed
  131. Quality Comparison of Dynamic Auditory Virtual-Reality Simulation Approaches of Approaching Vehicles Regarding Perceptual Behavior and Psychoacoustic Values ↗ · 2025 · Krautwurm, Jonas et al. · indexed
  132. Quality Comparison of Dynamic Auditory Virtual Reality (VR) Simulation Approaches of Approaching Vehicles Regarding Perceptual Behavior and Psychoacoustic Values ↗ · 2024 · Krautwurm, Jonas et al. · indexed
  133. End-to-end pedestrian collision warning system based on a convolutional neural network with semantic segmentation · 2018 · Jung, Heechul et al. · archived
  134. A model for the perception of environmental sound based on notice-events ↗ · 2009 · De Coensel, Bert et al. · indexed
  135. Development Of Performance Specifications For Collision Avoidance Systems For Lane Change, Merging, And Backing, Task 5 - Interim Report: Crash Countermeasure Technology Investigation · 1996 · NHTSA · archived
  136. Haralick feature extraction from timefrequency images for automatic detection and classification of audio anomalies for road surveillance · 2018 · Asim, Muhammad · archived
  137. Acoustic Data for Hybrid and Electric Heavy-Duty Vehicles and Electric Motorcycles · 2015 · Hastings, Aaron et al. · archived
  138. Radio Data System-Platform for traffic and travel information services ↗ · 2017 · BARCA, Claudiu Dan · indexed
  139. Event-related awakenings caused by nocturnal transportation noise ↗ · 2008 · Marks, Andrea et al. · indexed
  140. Analysis of Unsupervised Learning Approach for Classification of Vehicle Fuel Type Using Psychoacoustic Features · 2023 · Milivojčević, Marko et al. · archived
  141. Predicting Bicycle-Lane Traffic Noise from Urban Street Morphology Using Interpretable Machine Learning Models ↗ · 2026 · Wu, Hupeng et al. · indexed
  142. Microscopic traffic modelling in urban noise assessment ↗ · 2005 · De Coensel, Bert et al. · indexed
  143. Influence of noise source representation on the estimation of specific descriptors close to traffic signals ↗ · 2008 · Can, Arnaud et al. · indexed
  144. Acoustic Influence of Vehicles on a Protected Natural Area in the Southwest of the Iberian Peninsula ↗ · 2018 · SÁNCHEZ-SÁNCHEZ, Rafael et al. · indexed
  145. Assessments and Control of Anthropogenic Noise Pollution in Students’ Residential Areas in Ogbomoso · 2021 · Ajayeoba, A. O. · archived
  146. Noise Abatement Techniques for Construction Equipment · 1979 · Toth, William J. · archived
  147. GAs for fuzzy modeling of noise pollution ↗ · 2002 · Caponetto, R. et al. · indexed